WO2019011140A1 - Internet of things, routing and identification allocation method, apparatus and device for same, and medium - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided are an Internet of Things, a routing and identification allocation method, apparatus and device for same, and a medium, wherein the Internet of Things comprises: a network of a first level and at least one network of a second level, wherein identification information adapted to a frame structure is carried in a packet body of a data packet constructed by a node in the network of the first level and a node in the network of the second level, and the identification information carried in the data packet comprises identification information about a target node; routing information is stored in a node in a network, and the routing information at least comprises identification information about the node itself; and the routing information is used by a node having received the data packet to calculate a route according to the identification information in the received data packet. By means of implementing the present application, the interconnectivity between various devices in the Internet of Things can be improved, and then, more devices with different performance can access the Internet of Things, and the scalability of the Internet of Things is improved.

Description

Method, device and device, and medium for internet of things, and its routing and distribution identification

This application claims the priority of the Chinese patent application filed on July 12, 2017, the application number is 201710567301.6, and the invention is entitled "IoT, its routing, distribution method, device and equipment, medium", the entire contents of which are The citations are incorporated herein by reference.

Technical field

The present application relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to an Internet of Things, a method, apparatus, device, and medium for the same.

Background technique

With the advent of the Internet of Things era, the Internet of Things (Internet of Things, Internet of Things, IoT) has become more and more widely used, and the devices involved are becoming more diverse. For example, the Internet of Things is in smart homes. When applied in an environment, both high-powered devices and battery-powered devices are involved. Battery-powered devices are classified into mobile devices and non-mobile devices. Power-operated devices such as TVs, refrigerators, air conditioners, etc., which have large data storage capacity and high data processing capability, can use Wifi (Wireless Fidelity, wireless LAN based on IEEE802.11 standard) medium communication; battery Powered non-mobile devices such as door and window alarms, smart door locks, human body sensors, etc. The data storage and data processing capabilities of such devices are lower than those of high-powered devices, and can be communicated using Zigbee media; battery-powered mobile Devices such as smart bracelets, such devices have very small data storage, very weak data processing capabilities, and can use BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) media communication.

The communication media used by each device are not identical, and the routing protocols applicable to different communication media are different. Different routing protocols have different performance requirements for various devices. Therefore, when routing is required, devices in the entire Internet of Things are difficult to follow. A unified routing protocol for routing, for example, the RPL (Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks) routing protocol used by Zigbee, which requires high data storage capacity and data processing capability of the device, and battery-powered mobile devices. This requirement cannot be met, and it is difficult to perform routing according to the RPL routing protocol. Therefore, the current routing protocols are difficult to implement in a variety of devices with different performances. The Internet of Things will inevitably involve multiple routing protocols when routing, which leads to poor interoperability between devices in the Internet of Things.

Summary of the invention

In view of this, the present application provides an Internet of Things, a method, an apparatus, a device, and a medium for routing, assigning an identifier.

According to a first aspect of the embodiments of the present application, an Internet of Things is provided, including: a first level network and at least one second level network; a root node of the second level network is a node in the first level network;

The packet of the data packet constructed by the node in the first-level network and the node in the second-level network carries the identification information of the frame structure, and the identifier information carried by the data packet includes the destination node. Identification information;

The nodes in the first network and the second network store routing information, and the routing information includes at least identifier information of the node itself; the routing information is used by the node that receives the data packet based on the received data packet. The identification information is calculated by routing.

According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is provided a method for routing an Internet of Things, the Internet of Things comprising a first level network and at least one second level network, nodes in the first level network and the second The packet of the data packet constructed by the node in the level network carries the identification information of the frame structure adaptation, and the identifier information carried by the node includes the identification information of the destination node. The routing method includes the following steps:

After the node receives the data packet, the identifier information carried in the data packet is read, and the node stores routing information, where the routing information includes at least the identity information of the node itself;

The data packet is forwarded based on the identification information in the data packet, the stored routing information, and a predetermined routing rule.

According to a third aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is provided a method for assigning an identifier in an Internet of Things, the Internet of Things comprising a first level network and at least one second level network, nodes in the first level network and the The packet of the data packet constructed by the node in the second-level network carries the identifier information of the frame structure adaptation, and the identifier information carried by the data packet includes the identifier information of the destination node; the identifier information is allocated by the following steps:

The management node determines whether the access node is a node in the first-level network; the management node is a node in the first-level network or a higher-level node of the node in the first-level network;

If yes, the management node assigns identification information to the access node.

According to a fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present application, an electronic device in an Internet of Things is provided, where the Internet of Things includes a first-level network and at least one second-level network, and nodes in the first-level network and the first The packet of the data packet constructed by the node in the secondary network carries the identifier information of the frame structure adaptation, and the identifier information carried by the node includes the identifier information of the destination node, and the electronic device includes:

processor;

a memory storing instructions executable by the processor; the memory storing routing information of each node in the first level network, the routing information including identification information of nodes involved in each routing;

The processor is coupled to the memory for reading program instructions stored in the memory, and in response, performing the following operations:

After receiving the data packet, reading the identification information carried in the data packet;

The data packet is forwarded based on the stored routing information, the identification information, and a predetermined routing rule.

According to a fifth aspect of the embodiments of the present application, an electronic device in an Internet of Things is provided, where the Internet of Things includes a first-level network and at least one second-level network, and nodes in the first-level network and the first The packet of the data packet constructed by the node in the secondary network carries the identification information of the frame structure adaptation, and the identifier information carried by the node includes the identification information of the destination node, and the electronic device is the root node of the second-level network. ,include:

processor;

a memory storing instructions executable by the processor; the memory storing routing information of each node in the first level network, the routing information including identification information of nodes involved in each routing;

The processor is coupled to the memory for reading program instructions stored in the memory, and in response, performing the following operations:

After receiving the data packet, reading the identification information carried in the data packet;

The data packet is forwarded based on the stored routing information, the identification information, and a predetermined routing rule.

According to a sixth aspect of the embodiments of the present application, an electronic device in an Internet of Things is provided, where the Internet of Things includes a first-level network and at least one second-level network, and nodes in the first-level network and the first The packet of the data packet constructed by the node in the secondary network carries the identifier information of the frame structure adaptation, and the identifier information carried by the node includes the identifier information of the destination node, where the electronic device is a node in the second-level network. ,include:

processor;

a memory that stores a processor executable instruction; the memory stores identification information of the electronic device;

The processor is coupled to the memory for reading program instructions stored in the memory, and in response, performing the following operations:

After receiving the data packet, reading the identification information carried in the data packet;

The data packet is forwarded based on the stored routing information, the identification information, and a predetermined routing rule.

According to a seventh aspect of the embodiments of the present application, an electronic device in an Internet of Things is provided, where the Internet of Things includes a first-level network and at least one second-level network, and nodes in the first-level network and the first The packet of the data packet constructed by the node in the secondary network carries the identification information of the frame structure adaptation, and the identifier information carried by the node includes the identification information of the destination node, and the electronic device is the mobile in the second-level network. Nodes, including:

processor;

a memory storing instructions executable by the processor; the memory storing routing information of the electronic device, the routing information including identification information of the mobile node, and identification information of a parent node thereof, the parent node being the first level network a node in ;

The processor is coupled to the memory for reading program instructions stored in the memory, and in response, performing the following operations:

After receiving the data packet, reading the identification information carried in the data packet;

The data packet is forwarded based on the stored routing information, the identification information, and a predetermined routing rule.

According to an eighth aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is provided an Internet of Things routing apparatus, the Internet of Things comprising a first level network and at least one second level network, nodes in the first level network and the second The packet of the data packet constructed by the node in the level network carries the identifier information of the frame structure adaptation, and the identifier information carried by the node includes the identifier information of the destination node. The routing device includes:

The identifier reading module is configured to: after the node receives the data packet, read the identifier information carried in the data packet, where the node stores routing information, where the routing information includes at least the identifier information of the node itself;

And a data forwarding module, configured to forward the data packet based on the identifier information in the data packet, the stored routing information, and a predetermined routing rule.

According to a ninth aspect of embodiments of the present application, there is provided one or more machine readable medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the terminal device to perform the method described above.

By implementing the embodiments provided by the present application, the unified identification information of the nodes in the first-level network and the second-level network in the Internet of Things may be allocated in advance, and updated to the routing information stored in each node, and then the nodes in the network are based on When the corresponding network transmission protocol constructs the data packet, the identification information of the frame structure adaptation is added in the package body of the constructed data packet, so that in the process of transmitting the data packet, after receiving the data packet, the node can identify the data packet. The carried identification information is then calculated according to the identification information in the data packet, the stored routing information, and the predetermined routing rule. Therefore, the data packet can be routed to the destination node based on the calculated route, and the Internet of Things can be implemented quickly and effectively. Interoperability between devices in the Internet, in the Internet of Things, can access more devices with different performances and improve the scalability of the Internet of Things.

DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is an architectural diagram of an Internet of Things according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application; FIG.

FIG. 1B is a flowchart of a method for allocating an identifier in an Internet of Things according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application; FIG.

2 is a flowchart of a method for routing an Internet of Things according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

3 is a hardware structural diagram of an electronic device in an Internet of Things according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

4 is a hardware structural diagram of an electronic device in an Internet of Things according to another exemplary embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of an electronic device in an Internet of Things according to another exemplary embodiment of the present application; FIG.

6 is a hardware structural diagram of an electronic device in an Internet of Things according to another exemplary embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a routing device of an Internet of Things according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application; FIG.

FIG. 8 is a hardware structural diagram of an electronic device for implementing routing of an Internet of Things, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.

Detailed ways

Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The following description refers to the same or similar elements in the different figures unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. Instead, they are merely examples of devices and methods consistent with aspects of the present application as detailed in the appended claims.

The terminology used in the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments, and is not intended to be limiting. The singular forms "a", "the" and "the" It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used to describe various information in this application, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other. For example, the first information may also be referred to as the second information without departing from the scope of the present application. Similarly, the second information may also be referred to as the first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "when" or "when" or "in response to determination."

The Internet of Things referred to in this application refers to the Internet connected to objects, which is a network that extends and expands on the Internet. The Internet of Things can be applied to many fields such as industrial automation, environmental monitoring, water system monitoring, intelligent transportation, intelligent fire protection, smart grid, smart home, lighting control, and food traceability. Almost any item and item can communicate through the Internet of Things. Therefore, the number of terminal devices involved in the Internet of Things is huge, various types, and different in performance.

Taking smart home as an example, the terminal equipment involved includes a strong power supply device, a battery-powered mobile device, and a battery-powered non-mobile device. The equipment powered by strong electric power is powered by a strong electric system. The strong electric power supply may have the performance of large data storage and high data processing capability. It can communicate with Wifi or IEEE802.15.4; and the data storage of non-mobile equipment powered by battery And data processing capabilities, generally lower than the power supply equipment, can use low-power communication media to communicate, such as Zigbee; battery-powered mobile devices, with small data storage capacity, low data processing capabilities, It can communicate using ultra-low power communication media such as BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy). Usually, if the communication medium used by the device is different, when the data packet needs to be transmitted, the routing will be performed according to the routing protocol of different metrics. Since the current routing protocol is difficult to implement in a device with different performances, the Internet of Things will inevitably involve multiple routing protocols when routing, which results in poor interoperability between devices in the Internet of Things. How to improve the interoperability between devices in the Internet of Things to propose solutions.

In order to solve the problem of poor interoperability between devices in the Internet of Things, the solution of the present application may first divide the Internet of Things into a multi-level network based on the performance of each device when the performance of various devices involved in the Internet of Things is large. A level network consists of devices with similar performance. Different levels of networks are interconnected by some high-performance devices. Then, based on the unified distribution principle, all nodes in the object network are assigned uniform identification information. When devices in each network construct a data packet based on the corresponding protocol, the frame structure-adaptive identification information is added in the packet body of the data packet. The frame structure adaptation mentioned here may refer to an adaptation condition in which the frame structure is the same or the frame structure is approximated. Since the identification information is unified in the entire Internet of Things, each device in the Internet of Things can route data based on the identification information carried by the data packet when receiving the data packet, and transmit the data packet to different performance devices. It can realize interworking between devices in the Internet of Things and improve communication efficiency. Of course, if the various devices involved in the Internet of Things have high performance, the Internet of Things can be divided, and all devices form a level network. The network architecture of the Internet of Things referred to in this application can be seen in FIG. 1A.

FIG. 1A is an architectural diagram of an Internet of Things 100, which may include a first level network 110 and at least one second level network (as an example, the second level is shown as an example). The network 120 and the second level network 130), the root nodes of the second level network 120 or 130 are all nodes in the first level network 110.

The first-level network 110 may include multiple nodes (node 111, node 112, node 113, node 114, node 115, ...), and the nodes in the network 110 may be powerfully powered devices, and have strong data processing capabilities. The characteristics of large data storage can determine the communication medium and network transmission protocol used according to specific application scenarios and service requirements. For example, in the smart home field, the nodes can be desktop computers, televisions, refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, etc., and nodes can communicate using wifi or 802.15.4.

The node 112 and the node 114 in the first-level network 110 are the root nodes of the second-level network 120 and the second-level network 130 respectively, and the Internet of Things 100 can pass the second-level network 120 and the second through the two root nodes. The level network 130 is connected. Therefore, when the number of devices involved in the Internet of Things is large and the performance is different, the device with higher performance can be connected to the first-level network 110 as a node in the first-level network 110, and then selected. A part of the nodes in the first-level network 110 serves as the root nodes of the second- level networks 120 and 130, and the lower-performance devices as the descendant nodes of the root nodes constitute the second- level networks 120 and 130. The nodes in the first-level network 110 are replaced with the super-strong routing devices in the current network, and the nodes in the second- level networks 120, 130 are managed in parallel.

The second level network 120 may include a plurality of nodes (node 121, node 122, node 123, node 124, node 125, ...), the root node of which is the node 112 in the first level network 110; the second level network 130 may A plurality of nodes (node 131, node 132, node 133, node 134, ...) are included, the root node of which is the node 114 in the first level network 110. The node of the second-level network 120 may be a battery-powered non-mobile device, which has the characteristics of weak data processing capability and small data storage capacity, and can determine the communication medium and network transmission protocol used according to specific application scenarios and service requirements. . For example, in the smart home field, nodes can be battery-powered non-mobile devices such as door and window alarms, smart door locks, etc., and Zigbee or BLE can be used for communication between nodes.

In some scenarios, the first-level network 110 contains a large number of nodes. If a device with strong power supply requests to access the first-level network 110, the request may be made in consideration of the number of nodes in the first-level network 110. The accessed device accesses the second-level network 120 or the second-level network 130, or forms a second-level network with the device requesting access and the device that is subsequently requested to access, and the root of the newly-formed second-level network The nodes are nodes in the first level network 110. After the networking, at least some of the nodes in the second-level network 120 or the second-level network 130 are powerfully powered devices, and have the characteristics of strong data processing capability and large data storage capacity, and wifi or 802.15 can be used between the nodes. 4 communicate.

In practical applications, the designers of the present application can allocate each device as a different type of node according to the performance of the device involved before networking, such as: a management node, a node in the first-level network 110, and a second level. Nodes in the network 120, 130. And the device with different node types can be assigned different responsibilities. For example, the device as the management node can allocate the identification information to the nodes in the first-level network 110, and serve as the root node of the second- level network 120 and 130. All nodes in the network can be assigned identification information.

When the device in question has the performance that the corresponding type of node should have, when the device requests to access the Internet of Things 100, the device can add its own performance parameters and the desired node type in the access request. The performance parameters mentioned here may be data storage amount, data processing rate, etc., before the device leaves the factory, the device manufacturer may indicate the performance parameters in the device.

When the device is connected to the network, the device with the performance parameter higher than the first threshold is allocated to the first-level network 110 according to the performance parameter carried in the access request, and after the device is connected to the first-level network 110, Among the devices that can be accessed, the device with the best performance is selected as the management node. For a device whose performance parameter is not higher than the first threshold, it can be accessed to the second- level network 120, 130, and after the device is connected to the second- level network 120, 130, for a device with very low performance, for example, data storage A very small device with very low data processing capability can be used as a leaf node in a second-level network and only a parent node is assigned to it.

After the device accesses the Internet of Things 100 to become a corresponding type of node, the management node may assign unique identification information to the access node (accessed device) in the first-level network 110 according to a unified allocation principle, and describe each node. the address of. The process of assigning an identifier is described below with reference to FIG. 1B. FIG. 1B is a flowchart of a method for assigning an identifier in the Internet of Things according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The embodiment includes the following steps S101-S102:

Step S101: The management node determines whether the access node is a node in the first-level network; the management node is a node in the first-level network or a higher-level node of the node in the first-level network.

Step S102: If the access node is a node in the first-level network, the management node allocates identification information to the access node.

In this embodiment, for a node that accesses the first-level network 110 or the second- level network 120, 130, after accessing, the device name of the node or other label of the device may be corresponding to the network storage of the access, and the management node When determining whether the access node is a node in the first-level network 110, the network accessed by the node may be searched according to the device name or other label of the node. If the found network is the first-level network 110, the access node is determined. It is a node in the first level network 110, and if the found network is the second level network 120 or 130, it is determined that the access node is a node in the second level network 120 or 130.

When the access node is a node in the second- level network 120 or 130, the management node may directly assign an identifier to the access node, or may be assigned a node by the root node of the network accessed by the access node. In order to notify the root node to assign an identifier to the access node, the management node may determine the root node and the location of the access node based on the network accessed by the access node, the routing information stored by itself, and a predetermined routing rule. The routing of the management node to the root node sends an identifier allocation notification to the root node by using the determined route, where the identifier allocation notification is used to notify the root node to allocate identifier information to the access node.

The routing rule mentioned here is related to the routing information and the identification information stored by the node. If the assigned identification information is allocated according to the structure, it can reflect the location of the node in the network and the connection between the node and other nodes. For the relationship, the routing rule may be a rule for categorizing the categorization information, and the node in the second- level network 120 or 130 with limited storage capacity may only store its own identification information and structured allocation identification information.

If the assigned identification information is randomly allocated (unstructured), the node in the second- level network 120 or 130 with limited storage capacity may store its own identification information and identification information of its parent node, and the routing rule may The rule that selects the parent node as the next hop node, the node in the first-level network 110 with high storage capacity can store the routing table of all the nodes that can reach, and the routing rule can be the rule for selecting the path from the routing table. , such as the shortest path rule, the lowest consumption rule, and so on.

After the identifier information is allocated to the node, the management node or the root node may construct a data packet, where the data packet carries the identifier information allocated to the access node, and sends the data packet to the access node, so that The access node stores its own identification information, and the management node may also broadcast the constructed data packet in the network, so that other nodes in the first-level network 110 update the identification information of the access node to the stored routing information. in.

In addition, the type of each node needs to be considered when assigning the identifier information. If the physical location of each node is fixed, the frame structure of the identifier information may be divided into two parts, where the first part may be used to describe the first level network. The address of the node. The second part can be used to describe the address of each node in the second level network.

In other examples, the first part of the frame structure of the identification information may also be used to describe the type of the node, considering the management nodes that may exist in the IoT network and the manner in which the data packets are sent when the types of the nodes are different; A management node and a non-management node are included; an address of the non-management node is allocated by the management node, and an address of each node in the second-level network is allocated by the root node. The manner in which the data packets mentioned here are sent may be multicast, unicast or anycast.

In some scenarios, the management node may not be one. For example, there may be two types of management nodes, DHCP Server (referring to a computer that manages DHCP standards in the network) and Service Server, in order to distinguish different types of management. The second part of the frame structure of the node, the identification information of the management node, can be used to indicate the management node type. The service providing server mentioned here may be a server that joins a network to provide a certain service according to business requirements, and data related to the service is routed to the server.

In practical applications, the running time and frequency of the management node are much higher than that of the non-management node, which is more prone to failure. After the management node is in a fault state, the other nodes are switched to the management node. In order to have a new node accessing the first-level network 110, the new node can be assigned identification information in time to ensure the interworking between the new node and other nodes. After the management node is switched, the identification information of the new management node can also be updated to the identification information of the management node in the fault state. Without changing the identification information of the management node, there is no need to broadcast the change of the management node in the network. In addition, the identification information of the management node may be used to describe that the manner in which the data packet arriving at the management node is sent is anycast. The definition of anycast in the RFC2373 standard is that when a unicast address is allocated to more than one interface. At the time, the message sent to the interface is routed by the network to the "nearest" target interface measured by the routing protocol. When the identification information of the management node describes that the data packet arriving at it is sent as anycast, no matter which node is switched to the management node, the data packet can be guaranteed to be routed to the new management node.

In an example, the neighbor node of the management node may determine whether the management node is faulty according to the neighbor information updated by its periodicity. If it is determined that the management node is faulty, the neighbor node broadcasts the message that the management node is faulty, and then acquires the first level. The size of the network where other nodes in the network 110 are located and the average network communication quality of the network where the node is located select a new management node.

The management nodes mentioned in the above example, the nodes in the first-level network 110, and the nodes in the second- level network 120, 130 have fixed physical positions, and the connection relationship with other nodes after accessing the network is also generally It does not change frequently, and the frequency of routing updates is low. However, the Internet of Things will also involve battery-powered mobile devices with mobile features, such as smart wristbands in smart homes, smart phones, etc., after they access the network, as their physical location changes, they need to constantly Transform the routing information of the nodes it connects to and related nodes. Considering the mobile characteristics of the mobile device, the designer of the present application can designate the type of the mobile device in the Internet of Things as a mobile node, and the other nodes as non-mobile nodes.

In addition, considering that the mobile device has low processing capability and small amount of data storage, the mobile device can be connected to the second- level network 120, 130 as a leaf node. Moreover, the mobile node often moves, which causes the nodes in the first-level network 110 to reach the mobile node to change frequently, and generates a large amount of routing update information. In order to reduce the amount of route update of the node, only one parent node may be assigned to the mobile node, and the node in the first-level network 110 may be selected as the father node, so that after the mobile node moves, even if the parent node is changed, it can be effective. Reduce the number of nodes that change routing information.

The change father node generally occurs in the moving process of the mobile node. During the mobile process, the mobile node can construct a data packet and send the data packet in a broadcast manner, and the identifier information carried in the data packet includes the identification information of the mobile node. And identification information of its parent node, in addition to carrying information indicating that the mobile node is seeking a new father node. Then, the mobile node can obtain the communication quality parameter of the mobile node itself and each node in the first-level network 110 according to the feedback of the other node to the data packet. If the communication quality parameter of the mobile node and its parent node is lower than the quality threshold, the mobile node can request management. The node selects one node from the first-level network 110 to be updated into a parent node, and the communication quality parameter of the updated parent node and the mobile node is higher than the quality threshold. After updating the parent node, the mobile node sends the original father node to the new father node. Identification information, the new father node sends the data packet carrying the identification information of the mobile node and the identification information of the own node to the management node, and the management node broadcasts the data packet, and after receiving the data packet, the other nodes update according to the The identification information of the subsequent parent node updates the stored routing information, and after receiving the data packet, the original parent node notifies the other node that it is no longer the parent node of the mobile node by broadcasting, and cache information associated with the mobile node. Send to the new father node.

In an example, when the mobile node does not move, it may also construct a data packet including the identification information of the mobile node and the identification information of the parent node, and broadcast the data packet at a lower frequency, which may be every half hour. Once, the specific frequency value can be adjusted according to the hardware conditions and service requirements of the mobile node. During the mobile process, the mobile node can speed up the broadcast frequency. The frequency value in this situation can be determined by the service requirement, if the service requirement is in the second level. Complete, then the frequency of the broadcast will be in milliseconds.

When the mobile node selects a new parent node from the first-level network 110, if the communication quality of the multiple nodes and the mobile node is higher than the quality threshold, the management node may select one node with the highest communication quality parameter from among the multiple nodes. The parent node of the mobile node.

When assigning the identification information to the mobile node, considering that the mobile node frequently moves, the mobile node may send the data packet in any manner, and the identification information may describe the anycast address of the mobile node, so that after the mobile node moves, It is not necessary to transform the identification information of the mobile node, so that the data packet of the destination node for the mobile node is conveniently routed to the mobile node.

In practical applications, when assigning identification information to an access device, in addition to considering the performance and mobility characteristics of the device, it is also required that each node may adopt a communication medium, such as 802.15.4 or BLE. There is a limit on the size of the data packet. If the byte length of the identification information is too large, the consumption of the data packet is increased. In one example, the identification information can be set to 16 bits, where the first 6 bits describe the nodes in the first level network 110 and the last 10 bits describe the nodes in the second level network 120, 130. After being thus allocated, the length of the first portion of the identification information is set to 6 bits, and the length of the second portion is 10 bits.

The solution of the present application can update the identification information of the node to the routing information of the node after assigning the identification information of the structural adaptation (such as the unified format) to the node in the access network, and the node is based on the corresponding network transmission protocol. When the data packet is constructed, the frame structure-adapted identification information may be added in the body of the constructed data packet, and the identification information in the data packet includes at least the identification information of the destination node, so that the node that receives the data packet is based on the data. The identification information in the package and the stored routing information are used to calculate the route.

In general, the identifier information added in the package body of the constructed data packet may include: identifier information of the source node and identifier information of the destination node. However, for the mobile node, considering the mobility characteristics, when the destination node of the data packet is the mobile node, the identification information of the parent node of the mobile node may be added to the packet body of the data packet, so that the node in the object network 100 can facilitate the data. The packet is routed to the parent node, which then routes the packet to the mobile node. For nodes in the second level network 120, 130, the data packet may be first routed to the root node of the level network, and then the root node routes the data packet to the parent node.

After the data packet is constructed, the data packet can be started in the first-level network 110 and the second- level network 120, 130 based on the architecture of the Internet of Things 100 shown in FIG. 1A, and the nodes of the Internet of Things 100 are receiving. After the data packet, the route can be calculated based on the identification information in the data packet and the stored routing information. For a specific routing process, refer to FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a method for routing the Internet of Things according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The routing method may include steps S201 to S203:

Step S201: After the node receives the data packet, the identifier information carried in the data packet is read, and the node stores routing information, where the routing information includes at least the identity information of the node itself.

Step S202: Forward the data packet based on the identification information in the data packet, the stored routing information, and a predetermined routing rule.

In the embodiment of the present application, when the network topology of the first-level network 110 and the second- level network 120, 130 are different, the specific implementation process of the route is also different. For example, the topology of the first-level network 110 is a mesh structure, and the routing information stored by each node in the first-level network 110 is a routing table of the entire network, and the routing table includes node identification information involved in each path, and After the node in the first-level network 110 receives the data packet, the node in the first-level network 110 reads the identification information of the destination node from the data packet. If the destination node is not the mobile node, based on the identifier information and the location The routing rule queries the route to the destination node from the stored routing table, obtains the identifier information of the next hop node from the queried route, and then forwards the data to the next hop node based on the obtained identification information. package.

If the destination node is a mobile node, the identifier information of the parent node of the destination node is read from the data packet, and the route to the parent node is queried from the stored routing table based on the identifier information and the routing rule. Obtaining the identifier information of the next hop node from the queried route, and then forwarding the data packet to the next hop node based on the obtained identifier information, and the node receiving the data packet in the first-level network repeats the foregoing routing process After the parent node receives the data packet, the data packet is sent to the mobile node.

In addition, for the first-level network 110 of the mesh structure, in order to let the nodes in the network or the nodes of the entire network have routing information, the nodes in the network can construct a data packet, and the data packet carries the node. The stored routing information is periodically broadcasted. After the routing information of any node in the network is updated, the node can construct a data packet including the updated routing information, and broadcast the data packet so that other nodes in the network can quickly learn the updated routing information.

In an example, the network topology of the second- level network 120, 130 is a tree structure. If the identification information of each node is allocated, according to the principle of structurally assigning identifiers, the identifier information is allocated according to the topological position of the nodes in the network. The topology relationship between the node and other nodes is solidified in the identification information, so that the assigned identification information may be referred to as a structured identifier, which may describe the topological relationship between the nodes, and the unique father node may be inferred by the identification information of one node. Therefore, in storing the routing information, only the identification information of the node itself and the strange allocation of the structured allocation identifier can be stored. For the node directly connected to the root node in the second- level network 120, 130, when storing the routing information, it is also required to store the identification information of the root node.

The structured identifier can reduce the amount of data stored by the node, but the unique father node can be inferred by the identification information of one node, and the node is difficult to obtain the identification information of other father nodes. If the inferred father node is the next hop node, However, if the father node fails, the node will have difficulty routing the packet to the parent node. In order to solve this problem, the node stores the identification information of the candidate parent node, and when the parent node fails, routes the data packet to the candidate father node.

The following is an example of how to assign identification information:

In this example, the management node of the first-level network 110 is the node 111, the topology of the second-level network 120 is a tree structure, the root node is the node 112, and the child nodes of the root node 112 are the node 121 and the mobile node 125, respectively. The child node of the node 121 is the node 122 and the node 124, and the child node of the node 122 is the node 123.

When the identification information of the node is allocated, the byte length of the identification information is 16 bits, and the first 6 bits are used to describe the node of the first-level network 110, the type of the node, and the manner in which the data packet is described; the type includes the management node. The non-management node and the mobile node, the last 10 bits are used to describe the nodes of the second- level network 120, 130, and the topological relationship between the nodes.

The identification information of the nodes in the first-level network 110 and the second- level network 120, 130 after allocation are as follows:

The identification information of the management node 111 is 0000010000000000;

The identification information of the mobile node 125 is 0000020000000000;

The identification information of the node 112 to the node 115 are respectively: 0000110000000000 to 0000140000000000;

The identification information of the node 121 is: 0000111000000000;

The identification information of the node 122 and the node 124 are: 0000111100000000 and 0000111200000000, respectively;

The identification information of the node 123 is: 0000111110000000.

In this example, the manner in which the data packets described by the identification information 0000010000000000 and 0000020000000000 are transmitted is anycast, the manner in which the data packet described by the identification information 1111111111111111 is transmitted is multicast, and the manner in which the data packets described by other identification information are sent is Unicast.

After the identifier information assigned to the nodes in the second- level network 120, 130 is referenced by the foregoing allocation manner, after the node in the network in the level receives the data packet, the identifier information of the destination node may be read from the data packet. If the destination node is not a mobile node, it is determined whether the destination node is a descendant node of the node by comparing the identification information with the identification information of the node itself. If it is not a descendant node, the father node of the node may be determined as the next hop node, and the father of the node When the node is not the root node, the identity information of the parent node of the local node may be determined according to the rule of the structurally assigned identification information and the identification information of the local node, and then the next hop node (father node) is determined based on the determined identification information. Forward the packet. When the parent node of the node is the root node, the stored root node identification information is read from the stored routing information, and then the data packet is forwarded to the next hop node (root node) based on the read identification information.

If it is a descendant node of the node, the identifier information of the child node of the node may be determined according to the rule of the structurally assigned identification information and the identification information of the node, and then the next hop node (child) based on the determined identification information Node) forwards the packet.

If the destination node of the data packet is a mobile node, it may be determined that the parent node of the node is a next hop node, and when the parent node of the node is not the root node, the rule for assigning the identifier information according to the structure and the identifier of the node may be configured according to the structure. The information determines the identification information of the parent node of the node, and then forwards the data packet to the next hop node (parent node) based on the determined identification information. When the parent node of the node is the root node, the stored root node identification information is read from the stored routing information, and then the data packet is forwarded to the next hop node (root node) based on the read identification information, and is repeated. The above process, until the root node of the node receives the data packet, routes the data packet to the parent node of the mobile node, and sends the data packet to the mobile node by the parent node of the mobile node.

In other examples, when the topology of the second- level network 120, 130 is a tree structure, the identification information of the node may be randomly allocated, and the identification information of each node is an unstructured identifier. In this case, when the routing information is stored. It is possible to store only the identification information of the node itself, the identification information of its parent node, and the identification information of its child node. If the node in the network receives the data packet sent by the parent node, the identifier information of the child node is read from the stored routing information. If the identity information of the destination node of the data packet is the same as the identification information of a child node, The child node is determined to be the next hop node, and the data packet is sent to the child node. If the identification information of the destination node of the data packet is different from the identification information of all the child nodes, all the child nodes may be determined as the next hop node. The packet is sent to all child nodes.

The routing method of the solution of the present application can be applied to various fields involved in the physical network. When the routing method of the present application is applied in various fields, each node in each network of the Internet of Things may use different electronic devices as various types of nodes. The working principle of the different devices and the functions of the different devices are described below with reference to FIG. 3 to FIG.

Referring to FIG. 3, FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of an electronic device in an Internet of Things according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The Internet of Things of the present embodiment corresponds to the Internet of Things described in the above example, and the electronic device is in the Internet of Things. The type of the node in the first-level network, in addition to the processor 310, the memory 320, the network interface 330, and the non-volatile memory 340 shown in FIG. 3, may further include other according to the actual function of the electronic device. Hardware, no longer elaborate on this. The memory 320 of the electronic device may store program instructions executable by the processor 310, and may also store routing information of each node in the first-level network, where the routing information includes identification information of nodes involved in each route; the processor 310 may The coupling memory 320 is configured to read the program instructions stored in the memory 320, and in response, perform the following operations: after receiving the data packet, reading the identification information carried in the data packet; based on the stored routing information, The identification information and the predetermined routing rule are forwarded, and the data packet is forwarded.

In one example, a first portion of the frame structure of the identification information is used to describe the address of a node in the first level network.

In another example, the first portion of the frame structure of the identification information is also used for the type of node; the type includes a management node and a non-management node.

As an example, the second portion of the identification information of the management node is used to represent the management node type.

As an example, the management node is a non-mobile node.

In another example, the second portion of the frame structure of the identification information is used to describe the address of each node in the second level network.

In another example, processor 310 can also be configured to:

Constructing a data packet carrying identification information assigned to the access node; transmitting the data packet to the access node.

In this example, the electronic device is a management node of the first-level network, and may assign identification information to devices accessing the first-level network.

In another example, processor 310 can also be configured to perform the following operations:

And acquiring a communication quality parameter of the mobile node and each node in the first-level network, and updating the father node according to the communication quality parameter; and updating the stored information according to the updated identification information of the parent node. Routing information.

Referring to FIG. 4, FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of an electronic device in an Internet of Things according to another exemplary embodiment of the present application. The Internet of Things of the present embodiment corresponds to the Internet of Things described in the above example, and the electronic device is in the Internet of Things. The type of the root node of the second-level network, in addition to the processor 410, the memory 420, the network interface 430, and the non-volatile memory 440 shown in FIG. 4, may further include according to the actual functions of the electronic device. Other hardware, no longer elaborate on this. The memory 420 of the electronic device may store program instructions executable by the processor 410, and may also store routing information of each node in the first-level network, where the routing information includes identification information of nodes involved in each route; the processor 410 may The coupling memory 420 is configured to read the program instructions stored in the memory 420, and in response, perform the following operations: after receiving the data packet, the node reads the identification information carried in the data packet; after receiving the data packet, Reading the identification information carried in the data packet; forwarding the data packet based on the stored routing information, the identification information, and a predetermined routing rule.

In one example, processor 410 can also be configured to perform the following operations:

When a node accesses the second-level network, assigning identification information to the access node; constructing a data packet, where the data packet carries identification information allocated for the access node; and sending the data packet to the access node.

In another example, processor 410 can also be configured to perform the following operations:

Upon receiving the data packet of the destination node as the mobile node, the data packet is routed to the parent node of the mobile node.

In another example, processor 410 can also be configured to perform the following operations:

When the electronic device is updated as the parent node of the mobile node, the identification information of the mobile node and the identification information of the own node are broadcasted.

Referring to FIG. 5, FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of an electronic device in an Internet of Things according to another exemplary embodiment of the present application. The Internet of Things of the present embodiment corresponds to the Internet of Things described in the above example, and the electronic device is in the Internet of Things. The type in the second-level network, in addition to the processor 510, the memory 520, the network interface 530, and the non-volatile memory 540 shown in FIG. 5, may further include according to the actual functions of the electronic device. Other hardware, no longer elaborate on this. The memory 520 of the electronic device may store program instructions executable by the processor 510, and may also store identification information of the electronic device; the processor 510 may be coupled to the memory 520 for reading program instructions stored in the memory 520 and executing in response The following operations are: after receiving the data packet, reading the identification information carried in the data packet; forwarding the data packet based on the stored routing information, the identification information, and a predetermined routing rule.

In one example, processor 510 can also be configured to perform the following operations:

When receiving the data packet of the destination node as the mobile node, the data packet is routed to the root node of the second-level network.

In another example, the topology of the second-level network is a tree structure, and the identifier information is a structured identifier, which is used to describe a topological relationship between nodes, and the routing rule is structured to assign identifier information. the rule of.

In another example, the topology of the second-level network is a tree structure, the identifier information is an unstructured identifier, and the stored routing information further includes identifier information of the parent node and identifier information of the child node. The routing rule describes the parent node as a next hop node.

Please refer to FIG. 6. FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of an electronic device in an Internet of Things according to another exemplary embodiment of the present application. The Internet of Things of the present embodiment corresponds to the Internet of Things described in the above example, and the electronic device is in the Internet of Things. The type in the second-level network is a mobile node in the second-level network. In addition to the processor 610, the memory 620, the network interface 630, and the non-volatile memory 640 shown in FIG. 6, according to the actual functions of the electronic device, Including other hardware, we will not go into details here. The memory 620 of the electronic device may store program instructions executable by the processor 610, and may also store routing information of the electronic device, the routing information including identification information of the mobile node, and identification information of the parent node thereof, where the parent node is a node in the first level network; the processor 610 can be coupled to the memory 620 for reading the program instructions stored in the memory 620, and in response, performing the following operations: after receiving the data packet, reading the data packet to carry Identification information; forwarding the data packet based on the stored routing information, the identification information, and a predetermined routing rule.

In one example, a first portion of the frame structure of the identification information is used to describe the type of node and to describe the manner in which the data packet is transmitted; the type includes a mobile node and a non-mobile node.

As an example, the manner in which the destination node sends the data packet of the electronic device is anycast.

As an example, when the destination node is the mobile node, the identifier information carried by the received data packet further includes identifier information of the father node of the mobile node.

As an example, the mobile node is a leaf node in the second level network, and there is only one father node, and the father node is a node in the first level network.

In another example, processor 610 can also be configured to perform the following operations:

When the mobile node moves, the data packet is constructed and transmitted in anycast mode, and the identifier information carried in the constructed data packet includes the identification information of the mobile node and the identification information of the parent node.

Corresponding to the foregoing embodiment of the routing method of the Internet of Things, the present application also provides an embodiment of the routing device of the Internet of Things.

Referring to FIG. 7, FIG. 7 is a logic block diagram of a routing device of the Internet of Things according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The Internet of Things corresponding to the foregoing embodiment of the present invention may include a first-level network and at least a second-level network, where the data packet of the node in the first-level network and the node in the second-level network carries the identification information of the frame structure, and the identifier information carried by the Identification information of the destination node; the routing device includes: an identifier reading module 710 and a data forwarding module 720:

The identifier reading module 710 is configured to: after the node receives the data packet, read the identifier information carried in the data packet, where the node stores the routing information, where the routing information includes at least the identifier information of the node itself.

The data forwarding module 720 is configured to forward the data packet based on the identification information in the data packet, the stored routing information, and a predetermined routing selection rule.

For details, refer to the implementation process of the corresponding steps in the Internet of Things and the Internet of Things routing method described in the foregoing embodiments, and details are not described herein again.

For the device embodiment, since it basically corresponds to the method embodiment, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the units or modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components displayed as units or modules may or may not be physical units. Or modules, which can be located in one place, or distributed to multiple network units or modules. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the present application. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement without any creative effort.

Embodiments of the routing device of the Internet of Things of the present application can be applied to an electronic device. This can be implemented by a computer chip or an entity, or by a product having a certain function. In a typical implementation, the electronic device is a computer, and the specific form of the computer may be a personal computer, a laptop computer, a cellular phone, a camera phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant, a media player, an email transceiver, and a game control. Taiwan, tablet computer, wearable device, Internet TV, smart locomotive, smart home equipment, industrial automation equipment, environmental monitoring equipment, water monitoring equipment, intelligent transportation equipment, intelligent fire fighting equipment, smart grid equipment, lighting control equipment, food traceability equipment Or a combination of any of these devices.

The device embodiment may be implemented by software, or may be implemented by hardware or a combination of hardware and software. Taking the software implementation as an example, as a logical device, a processor of the electronic device in which it is located reads a corresponding computer program instruction in a readable medium such as a non-volatile memory into a memory. From a hardware level, as shown in FIG. 8, a hardware structure diagram of an electronic device in which the routing device of the Internet of Things is located, except for the processor, the memory, the network interface, and the non-volatile memory shown in FIG. In addition, the electronic device in which the device is located in the embodiment may also include other hardware according to the actual function of the electronic device, and details are not described herein. The memory of the electronic device may store program instructions executable by the processor; the processor may couple the memory for reading the program instructions stored by the memory, and in response, perform the following operations: after the node receives the data packet, the read The identifier information carried in the data packet, the node stores routing information, where the routing information includes at least identifier information of the node itself; based on the identifier information in the data packet, the stored routing information, and a predetermined routing rule, Forward the packet.

In other embodiments, the operations performed by the processor may be referred to the related description in the foregoing method embodiments, and details are not described herein.

The foregoing description of the embodiments of the present application has been made. Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims can be performed in a different order than in the embodiments and the desired results can still be achieved. In addition, the processes depicted in the figures are not necessarily in a particular order or in a sequential order to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., which are made within the spirit and principles of the present application, should be included in the present application. Within the scope of protection.

Claims (69)

1. An Internet of Things, comprising: a first level network and at least one second level network; a root node of the second level network is a node in the first level network;

   The packet of the data packet constructed by the node in the first-level network and the node in the second-level network carries the identification information of the frame structure, and the identifier information carried by the data packet includes the destination node. Identification information;

   The nodes in the first-level network and the second-level network store routing information, and the routing information includes at least identifier information of the node itself; the routing information is used by the node that receives the data packet based on the received data. The identification information in the package calculates the route.
2. The Internet of Things according to claim 1, wherein the first portion of the frame structure of the identification information is used to define an address of a node in the first level network.
3. The Internet of Things according to claim 2, wherein the second portion of the frame structure of the identification information is used to define an address of a node in the second level network.
4. The Internet of Things according to claim 2, wherein the first portion of the frame structure of the identification information is further used to define a type of the node; the type includes a management node and a non-management node of the first-level network.
5. The Internet of Things according to claim 4, wherein the address of the non-management node of the first-level network is allocated by the management node, and the address of the node in the second-level network is determined by the root node of the node Assigned, the root node is a node in the first level network.
6. The Internet of Things according to claim 4, wherein the second portion of the frame structure of the identification information of the management node is used to indicate the management node type.
7. The Internet of Things according to claim 4, wherein after the management node is in a fault state, one non-management node in the first-level network is switched to a management node, and the identification information of the switched management node is updated. The identification information of the management node before the switch.
8. The Internet of Things according to claim 4, wherein the management node and the non-management node of the first-level network are non-mobile nodes.
9. The Internet of Things according to claim 4, wherein said type further comprises a mobile node, said mobile node being a leaf node in said second level network, and having only one father node, said father node being A node in a first-level network.
10. The Internet of Things according to claim 9, wherein when the mobile node is in a mobile state, detecting the communication quality between itself and each node in the first-level network, updating the father node according to the communication quality, and updating the The parent node sends the identification information of the parent node before the update.
11. The Internet of Things according to claim 9, wherein the identification information of the mobile node and the management node describes that the manner in which the data packet is transmitted is anycast.
12. The Internet of Things according to claim 11, wherein the identification information carried by the data packet further includes identification information of the source node.
13. The Internet of Things according to claim 12, wherein when the destination node is the mobile node, the identifier information carried by the data packet further includes identification information of a father node of the mobile node.
14. The Internet of Things according to claim 12, wherein the node of the second-level network routes the data packet to the root node of the second-level network node when receiving the data packet of the destination node as the mobile node The root node routes the data packet to a parent node of the mobile node.
15. The Internet of Things according to claim 3, wherein said identification information has a length of 16 bits, said first portion has a length of 6 bits, and said second portion has a length of 10 bits.
16. The Internet of Things of claim 1, wherein the topology of the second-level network is a tree structure, and the identification information is a structured identifier for describing a topological relationship between nodes.
17. The Internet of Things according to claim 1, wherein the topology of the second-level network is a tree structure, and the identification information is an unstructured identifier, and the nodes in the second-level network are stored. The routing information also includes the identification information of the parent node of the node and the identification information of the child node of the node.
18. The Internet of Things according to claim 1, wherein the routing information stored by the nodes in the first-level network further includes identification information of other nodes except the local node.
19. An Internet of Things routing method, characterized in that the Internet of Things comprises a first level network and at least one second level network, the nodes in the first level network and the nodes in the second level network are constructed The packet of the data packet carries the identifier information of the frame structure adaptation, and the identifier information carried by the packet includes the identifier information of the destination node. The routing method includes the following steps:

    After the node receives the data packet, the identifier information carried in the data packet is read, and the node stores routing information, where the routing information includes at least the identity information of the node itself;

    The data packet is forwarded based on the identification information in the data packet, the stored routing information, and a predetermined routing rule.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein the first portion of the frame structure of the identification information is used to define an address of a node in the first level network.
21. The method of claim 20 wherein the second portion of the frame structure of the identification information is used to define an address of a node in the second level network.
22. The method according to claim 20, wherein the first part of the frame structure of the identification information is further used to describe a type of a node; the type comprises a management node and a non-management node of the first-level network.
23. The method according to claim 22, wherein the address of the non-management node of the first-level network is allocated by the management node, and the address of each node in the second-level network is determined by the root node of the node Assigned, the root node is a node in the first level network.
24. The method according to claim 22, wherein the second part of the frame structure of the identification information of the management node is used to indicate the management node type.
25. The method of claim 22 wherein the management node and the non-management node of the first level network are non-mobile nodes.
26. The method of claim 22, wherein the method further comprises:

    After the management node is in the fault state, one non-management node in the first-level network is switched to the management node, and the identifier information of the switched management node is updated to the identifier information of the management node before the handover.
27. The method according to claim 22, wherein said type further comprises a mobile node, said mobile node being a leaf node in said second level network, and having only one father node, said father node being said The node in the first level network.
28. The method of claim 27, wherein the method further comprises:

    When the mobile node moves, the mobile node constructs a data packet and sends the data packet in a broadcast manner, and the identifier information carried in the data packet includes identifier information of the mobile node and identifier information of the parent node.
29. The method of claim 27, wherein the method further comprises the step of:

    And when the mobile node moves, acquiring communication quality parameters of the mobile node and each node in the first-level network, and updating the father node according to the communication quality parameter.
30. The method according to claim 27, wherein the manner in which the mobile node and the management node send data packets is anycast.
31. The method of claim 27, wherein the method further comprises:

    If the destination node is a mobile node, the node in the second level network routes the data packet to the root node of the second level network when receiving the data packet.
32. The method of claim 27, wherein the method further comprises:

    If the destination node is a mobile node, the root node of the second level network routes the data packet to the parent node of the mobile node when receiving the data packet.
33. The method according to claim 21, wherein said identification information has a length of 16 bits, said first portion has a length of 6 bits, and said second portion has a length of 10 bits.
34. The method according to claim 19, wherein the topology of the second-level network is a tree structure, and the identifier information is a structured identifier for describing a topological relationship between nodes, where The routing information stored by the nodes in the secondary network includes the identification information of the node itself and the rules for the structured allocation identification information.
35. The method according to claim 19, wherein the topology of the second-level network is a tree structure, and the identification information is an unstructured identifier, which is stored by nodes in the second-level network. The routing information includes the identification information of the node itself, the identification information of its parent node, and the identification information of its child node.
36. The method of claim 19, wherein the method further comprises:

    The node in the first-level network constructs a data packet, where the data packet carries routing information stored by the node, and the data packet is periodically broadcasted.
37. The method according to claim 19, wherein the nodes in the first level network and/or the nodes in the second level network are Internet of Things devices.
38. A method for distributing an identifier in an Internet of Things, characterized in that the Internet of Things comprises a first level network and at least one second level network, nodes in the first level network and nodes in the second level network The packet of the constructed data packet carries the identifier information of the frame structure adaptation, and the identifier information carried by the data packet includes the identifier information of the destination node; the identifier information is allocated by the following steps:

    The management node determines whether the access node is a node in the first-level network; the management node is a node in the first-level network or a higher-level node of the node in the first-level network;

    If yes, the management node assigns identification information to the access node.
39. The method of claim 38, wherein if the access node is a node in a second level network, the method comprises the steps of:

    Determining, according to the network accessed by the access node, the routing information stored by the management node, and a predetermined routing rule, a root node of the access node and a route from the management node to the root node; The root node of the node in the second level network is a node in the first level network;

    And sending, by the determined route, an identifier allocation notification to the root node, where the identifier allocation notification is used to notify the root node to allocate identifier information to the access node.
40. The method according to claim 38, wherein after assigning the identification information to the node, the method further comprises the steps of:

    Constructing a data packet, the data packet carrying identification information allocated for the access node;

    Transmitting the data packet to the access node.
41. The method of claim 38 wherein the first portion of the frame structure of the identification information is used to define an address of a node in the first level network.
42. The method of claim 38 wherein the second portion of the frame structure of the identification information is used to define an address of a node in the second level network.
43. The method of claim 41 wherein the first portion of the frame structure of the identification information is further for defining a type of node; the type comprising a management node and a non-management node of the first level network.
44. The method according to claim 43, wherein the second portion of the frame structure of the identification information of the management node is used to indicate the management node type.
45. The method according to claim 43, wherein after the management node is in a fault state, one non-management node in the first-level network is switched to the management node, and the identifier information of the switched management node is updated before the handover. Identification information of the management node.
46. An electronic device in an Internet of Things, characterized in that the Internet of Things comprises a first level network and at least one second level network, nodes in the first level network and nodes in the second level network The packet of the constructed data packet carries the identifier information of the frame structure adaptation, and the identifier information carried by the identifier includes the identifier information of the destination node, and the electronic device includes:

    processor;

    a memory storing instructions executable by the processor; the memory storing routing information of each node in the first level network, the routing information including identification information of nodes involved in each routing;

    The processor is coupled to the memory for reading program instructions stored in the memory, and in response, performing the following operations:

    After receiving the data packet, reading the identification information carried in the data packet;

    The data packet is forwarded based on the stored routing information, the identification information, and a predetermined routing rule.
47. The electronic device of claim 46, wherein the first portion of the frame structure of the identification information is for describing an address of a node in the first level network.
48. The electronic device of claim 47, wherein the first portion of the frame structure of the identification information is further for a type of node; the type comprising a management node and a non-management node.
49. The electronic device according to claim 48, wherein the second portion of the frame structure of the identification information of the management node is used to indicate a management node type.
50. The electronic device of claim 48, wherein the management node is a non-mobile node.
51. The electronic device of claim 46, wherein the second portion of the frame structure of the identification information is for describing an address of each node in the second level network.
52. The electronic device according to claim 46, wherein the processor is further configured to: construct a data packet, the data packet carrying identification information allocated for the access node;

    Transmitting the data packet to the access node.
53. The electronic device of claim 46, wherein the processor is configured to perform the following operations:

    And acquiring a communication quality parameter of the mobile node and each node in the first-level network, and updating the parent node according to the communication quality parameter; and updating the stored routing information according to the updated identification information of the parent node. .
54. An electronic device in an Internet of Things, characterized in that the Internet of Things comprises a first level network and at least one second level network, nodes in the first level network and nodes in the second level network The packet of the constructed data packet carries the identifier information of the frame structure adaptation, and the identifier information carried by the data packet includes the identifier information of the destination node, where the electronic device is the root node of the second-level network, and includes:

    processor;

    a memory storing instructions executable by the processor; the memory storing routing information of each node in the first level network, the routing information including identification information of nodes involved in each routing;

    The processor is coupled to the memory for reading program instructions stored in the memory, and in response, performing the following operations:

    After receiving the data packet, reading the identification information carried in the data packet;

    The data packet is forwarded based on the stored routing information, the identification information, and a predetermined routing rule.
55. The electronic device of claim 54, wherein the processor is further configured to perform the following operations:

    Assigning identification information to the access node when a node accesses the second-level network;

    Constructing a data packet, the data packet carrying identification information allocated for the access node;

    Sending the data packet to the access node.
56. The electronic device of claim 54, wherein the processor is further configured to perform the following operations:

    Upon receiving the data packet of the destination node as the mobile node, the data packet is routed to the parent node of the mobile node.
57. The electronic device of claim 56, wherein the processor is further configured to perform the following operations:

    When the electronic device is updated to the parent node of the mobile node, the identification information of the mobile node and the identification information of the own node are broadcasted.
58. An electronic device in an Internet of Things, characterized in that the Internet of Things comprises a first level network and at least one second level network, nodes in the first level network and nodes in the second level network The packet of the constructed data packet carries the identifier information of the frame structure adaptation, and the identifier information carried by the packet includes the identifier information of the destination node, where the electronic device is a node in the second-level network, including:

    processor;

    a memory that stores a processor executable instruction; the memory stores identification information of the electronic device;

    The processor is coupled to the memory for reading program instructions stored in the memory, and in response, performing the following operations:

    After receiving the data packet, reading the identification information carried in the data packet;

    The data packet is forwarded based on the stored routing information, the identification information, and a predetermined routing rule.
59. The electronic device of claim 58, wherein the processor is further configured to perform the following operations:

    When receiving the data packet of the destination node as the mobile node, the data packet is routed to the root node of the second-level network.
60. The electronic device according to claim 58, wherein the topology of the second-level network is a tree structure, and the identifier information is a structured identifier for describing a topological relationship between nodes, A routing rule is a rule that assigns identification information to a structure.
61. The electronic device according to claim 58, wherein the topology of the second-level network is a tree structure, the identifier information is an unstructured identifier, and the stored routing information further includes an identifier of the father node. Information, and identification information of the child node, the routing rule describing the parent node as a next hop node.
62. An electronic device in an Internet of Things, characterized in that the Internet of Things comprises a first level network and at least one second level network, nodes in the first level network and nodes in the second level network The packet of the constructed data packet carries the identifier information of the frame structure adaptation, and the identifier information carried by the data packet includes the identifier information of the destination node, where the electronic device is a mobile node in the second-level network, including:

    processor;

    a memory storing instructions executable by the processor; the memory storing routing information of the electronic device, the routing information including identification information of the mobile node, and identification information of a parent node thereof, the father node being the first level network a node in ;

    The processor is coupled to the memory for reading program instructions stored in the memory, and in response, performing the following operations:

    After receiving the data packet, reading the identification information carried in the data packet;

    The data packet is forwarded based on the stored routing information, the identification information, and a predetermined routing rule.
63. The electronic device of claim 62, wherein the first portion of the frame structure of the identification information is for describing a type of node; the type comprising a mobile node and a non-mobile node.
64. The electronic device according to claim 62, wherein the manner in which the destination node transmits the data packet of the electronic device is anycast.
65. The electronic device according to claim 62, wherein said mobile node is a leaf node in said second level network, and there is only one father node, said father node being a node in said first level network .
66. The electronic device of claim 62, wherein the processor is further configured to perform the following operations:

    When the mobile node moves, the data packet is constructed and transmitted in an arbitrary manner, and the identifier information carried in the constructed data packet further includes identification information of the mobile node and identification information of the parent node.
67. The electronic device according to claim 62, wherein when the destination node is the mobile node, the identifier information carried by the received data packet further includes identifier information of the father node of the mobile node.
68. An Internet of Things routing device, characterized in that the Internet of Things comprises a first level network and at least one second level network, the nodes in the first level network and the nodes in the second level network are constructed The packet of the data packet carries the identifier information of the frame structure, and the identifier information carried by the packet includes the identifier information of the destination node. The routing device includes:

    The identifier reading module is configured to: after the node receives the data packet, read the identifier information carried in the data packet, where the node stores routing information, where the routing information includes at least the identifier information of the node itself;

    And a data forwarding module, configured to forward the data packet based on the identifier information in the data packet, the stored routing information, and a predetermined routing rule.
69. One or more machine readable mediums having stored thereon instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the terminal device to perform the method of any of claims 19-45.

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