WO2019010621A1 - 相控阵激光雷达 - Google Patents

相控阵激光雷达 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019010621A1
WO2019010621A1 PCT/CN2017/092451 CN2017092451W WO2019010621A1 WO 2019010621 A1 WO2019010621 A1 WO 2019010621A1 CN 2017092451 W CN2017092451 W CN 2017092451W WO 2019010621 A1 WO2019010621 A1 WO 2019010621A1
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Prior art keywords
optical
phased array
laser radar
light
light distribution
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PCT/CN2017/092451
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
任亚林
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深圳市涵光半导体有限公司
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Priority to US16/630,231 priority Critical patent/US11567177B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2017/092451 priority patent/WO2019010621A1/zh
Publication of WO2019010621A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019010621A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4817—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements relating to scanning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
    • G01S17/32—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
    • G01S17/36—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated with phase comparison between the received signal and the contemporaneously transmitted signal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4814—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/491—Details of non-pulse systems
    • G01S7/4912—Receivers
    • G01S7/4917—Receivers superposing optical signals in a photodetector, e.g. optical heterodyne detection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of laser radar technology, in particular to a phased array laser radar.
  • Lidar is a sensor that uses laser detection and ranging. Its principle is similar to that of radar and sonar, that is, the transmitting device emits a laser pulse to the target, and the delay and intensity of the return pulse are measured by the receiving device to measure the distance and reflectivity of the target.
  • Conventional laser radar uses a mechanical rotating device to achieve a 360-degree spatial scan, but such a radar uses a bulky mechanical device while the scanning rate is slow, and it is difficult to continue normal use of the mechanical rotating device once it fails.
  • phased array laser radar came into being.
  • a phased array laser radar consists of a matrix of many identical antennas, and the radiation waves of all antennas form a beam of radar waves by interference in the far field.
  • the electronic system controls the phase of each antenna in real time to control the direction of the radar wave in the far field.
  • the electronic system can change the direction of the radar waves for dynamic scanning.
  • Such electronic scanning does not require a mechanical rotating device, has a fast scanning rate, and does not affect the actual use of the phased array laser radar even if a small number of antennas fail.
  • the traditional phased array laser radar is difficult to achieve a large transmission power, so how to improve the transmission power of the phased array laser radar is an urgent problem to be solved.
  • phased array laser radar capable of improving the transmission power of the phased array laser radar.
  • a phased array laser radar comprising: a laser generator for generating an original laser; an optical transmission medium; a light distribution device connected to the laser generator by an optical transmission medium; the light distribution device comprising a device for receiving the original laser; and Z radiating elements, each The radiating elements are respectively connected to the light distributing device; wherein Z is a natural number greater than 1; wherein the light distributing device is configured to distribute the original laser light into a Z-path first optical signal, and each path The first optical signals are respectively sent to each of the radiating units such that electromagnetic waves radiated by all of the radiating elements are combined into one radar wave; the materials of the laser generator, the device and the optical transmission medium are A material capable of transmitting a laser having a power greater than a set power value.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a phased array laser radar provided by an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a phased array laser radar according to an embodiment.
  • an embodiment provides a phased array laser radar including a laser generator 100, an optical transmission medium 400, a light distribution device 200, and Z radiation units 300.
  • Laser generator 100 It is connected to the light distribution device 200 through the optical transmission medium 400.
  • the light distribution device 200 is connected to each of the radiation units 300.
  • Z is a natural number and Z>1.
  • the laser generator 100 is used to generate an original laser.
  • the original laser is a laser, and for a long-range laser radar, it needs to have a higher power.
  • the optical transmission medium 400 is capable of propagating optical waves, such as optical waveguides.
  • the light distributing device 200 is configured to distribute the original laser light into the Z-path first optical signal, and send each of the first optical signals to each of the radiating units 300, so that the electromagnetic waves radiated by all the radiating units 300 are combined into one radar wave. .
  • the light distributing device 200 has Z output terminals, each of which is connected to a radiating unit 300 such that each of the first optical signals is propagated to a different radiating unit 300 through a different optical path.
  • the first type of optical signal refers to a light wave obtained by performing a certain proportion of power distribution on the original laser.
  • the light distributing device 200 is, for example, an optical coupler or an optical beam splitter, and functions to distribute the original laser light into each of the radiating elements 300.
  • the optical coupler is, for example, a directional coupler or a star coupler.
  • the optical beam splitter is, for example, a multi-mode interferometer (MMI) or a Y-type beam splitter.
  • MMI multi-mode interferometer
  • the light distributing device 200 uniformly distributes the original laser light into each of the radiating elements 300, that is, the energy of the first optical signals of the respective paths is the same.
  • the radiating unit 300 can phase modulate the received first optical signal and radiate the corresponding electromagnetic wave. Therefore, by adjusting the phase shift amount of each radiating element 300, the phase distribution of the electromagnetic waves can be changed, so that the electromagnetic waves radiated by all the radiating elements 300 synthesize specific radar waves by interference in the far field.
  • the optical transmission medium 400, the light distribution device 200, and the radiation unit 300 can all be fabricated using silicon photonic technology.
  • Silicon photonic technology uses silicon and silicon-based substrate materials as optical media to fabricate corresponding photonic devices and optoelectronic devices (eg, silicon-based light-emitting devices, modulators, detectors, optical waveguide devices, etc.) through integrated circuit processes. These devices excite, process, and manipulate photons to achieve their practical applications in the fields of optical communication, optical interconnection, and optical computing.
  • light distribution device 200 includes means for receiving raw laser light.
  • the materials of the laser generator 100 and the optical transmission medium 400 are materials capable of transmitting laser light having a power greater than a set power value.
  • the laser generator 100, the optical transmission medium 400, and the optical distribution device 200 are required to be capable of transmitting high-power laser light.
  • the condition that the set power value is satisfied is that the phased array laser radar can detect the target whose distance is greater than the set distance value by using the original laser whose power is the set power value.
  • the set power value can at least meet the needs of remote lidar.
  • the set power value is, for example, greater than 10 W.
  • the materials of the devices for receiving the original laser light in the laser generator 100, the optical transmission medium 400, and the light distribution device 200 are capable of transmitting laser light having a power greater than 10 W.
  • the material of the device for receiving the original laser light in the laser generator 100, the optical transmission medium 400, and the light distribution device 200 is, for example, but not limited to, SiN.
  • the devices for receiving the original laser in the laser generator 100, the optical transmission medium 400 and the optical distribution device 200 together constitute a transmission optical path of the original laser, and the performance of the transmission optical path directly determines the input power acceptable to the phased array laser radar.
  • the size of Since the input power of the laser generator 100 is as large as possible for the long-range laser radar, and in the present embodiment, the laser generator 100, the optical transmission medium 400, and the device for receiving the original laser light in the optical distribution device 200 are both The ability to transmit high-power lasers, ie the transmission path of the original laser, can pass through high-power lasers, thereby increasing the input power of the phased array lidar. As the input power is increased, the total power of the radar waves synthesized by all the radiating elements 300 is correspondingly increased, thereby prolonging the detecting distance.
  • the phase modulation efficiency of the material of the radiating element 300 is greater than a set efficiency threshold.
  • the radiation unit 300 is made of a material having a higher phase modulation efficiency (for example, Si), so that the phase modulation efficiency of the entire phased array laser radar can be improved.
  • the light distribution device 200 includes a first light distribution unit 210 and M second light distribution units 220.
  • the laser generator 100 is connected to the first light distribution unit 210 through the optical transmission medium 400.
  • the first light distribution unit 210 is connected to each of the second light distribution units 220, that is, the first light distribution unit 210 includes one input terminal and M output terminals, and each output terminal is connected to a second light distribution unit 220.
  • the second light distribution unit 220 is connected to the N radiation units 300.
  • the first optical distribution unit 210 distributes the original laser light into the M second optical signal, and sends each of the second optical signals to the corresponding second optical distribution unit 220.
  • the second type of optical signal refers to a light wave obtained by performing a certain proportion of power distribution on the original laser.
  • the first light distribution unit 210 is, for example, a 1:M optical coupler or a 1:M optical beam splitter.
  • the power of the second optical signal is less than or equal to 1/M times the power of the original laser. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the first light distribution unit 210 is a device for receiving the original laser light in the light distribution device 200, and the material of the first light distribution unit 210 is a material capable of transmitting laser light having a power greater than a set power value. .
  • the second optical distribution unit 220 distributes the second optical signal into the N first optical signals, and transmits the first optical signals to the respective radiating units 300.
  • the second light distribution unit 220 is, for example, a 1:N optical coupler or a 1:N optical beam splitter.
  • the power of the second optical signal whose power of the first optical signal is less than or equal to 1/N times that is, the power of the first optical signal is less than or equal to 1/(M ⁇ N) times the power of the original laser light. .
  • the first light distribution unit 210 and the second light distribution unit 220 are optical couplers or optical beamsplitters.
  • the light distribution device 200 further includes M phase adjusters 230.
  • Each phase adjuster 230 is connected between the first light distribution unit 210 and each of the second light distribution units 220.
  • each output of the first light distribution unit 210 is connected to a second light distribution unit 220 via a phase adjuster 230.
  • the phase adjuster 230 is configured to phase-modulate the second optical signal, and send the phase-modulated second optical signal to the corresponding second optical distribution unit 220. Therefore, each phase adjuster 230 can simultaneously control the phase of the radiated waves of all the radiating elements 300 in one column, so that the efficiency of phase modulation can be improved.
  • the phase adjuster 230 may perform phase modulation using a thermo-optic effect or a plasma-dispersion effect.
  • the phase adjuster 230 can be an optical waveguide controlled by a micro heater or an optical waveguide containing a PN junction.
  • the manufacturing material of the phase adjuster 230 is, for example but not limited to, Si.
  • each structure on the optical path behind the first light distribution unit 210 is made of a material having a high phase adjustment efficiency.
  • the phase modulation efficiency of the material of all structures through which the light passes is greater than the set efficiency threshold. Since the light passes through the first light distribution unit 210 and the second light distribution unit 220 respectively, the optical power is less than (1/M) times the original laser power and less than 1/(M ⁇ N) times the original laser power, respectively.
  • the structures on the optical path after the first light distributing unit 210 need not be made of a material capable of transmitting high-power laser light, that is, may be made of a material different from the first optical matching unit 210 and the optical transmission medium 400, for example, phase modulation efficiency is selected. Made of a higher material to improve phase modulation efficiency.
  • the above-mentioned phased array laser radar provided by the embodiment adopts different materials in different optical paths of the front and rear stages, and can transmit laser light with high power and has characteristics of large-scale phase modulation, thereby realizing long distance and large Scan the angle of the laser radar.
  • the radiation unit 300 includes an optical antenna 310 and a phase modulator 320.
  • the phase modulator 320 is configured to phase-modulate the first optical signal from the second optical distribution unit 220, and transmit the phase-modulated optical signal through the optical antenna 310.
  • phase modulator 320 can be controlled by an electronic system to adjust the phase of optical antenna 310.
  • the phase modulator 320 can perform phase modulation using a thermo-optic effect or a plasma dispersion effect.
  • all the optical antennas 310 in one column can be adjusted by the phase adjuster 230 to emit electromagnetic waves of the same phase.
  • the different optical antennas 310 of each column can be emitted by different phase antennas 320 in each of the radiation units 300 to generate electromagnetic waves of different phases, thereby generating a high-precision radiation distribution pattern by interference in the far field.

Abstract

一种相控阵激光雷达，包括：激光发生器(100)，用于产生原始激光；光传输介质(400)；光分配装置(200)，光分配装置(200)通过光传输介质(400)连接激光发生器(100)；光分配装置(200)包括用于接收原始激光的器件；及Z个辐射单元(300)，每一辐射单元(300)分别与光分配装置(200)相连，其中，Z为大于1的自然数；光分配装置(200)用于将原始激光分配为Z路第一种光信号，并将每一路第一种光信号分别发送至各辐射单元(300)，以使得所有辐射单元(300)辐射的电磁波合成一束雷达波；激光发生器(100)、器件及光传输介质(400)的材料为能够传输功率大于设定功率值的激光的材料。

Description

相控阵激光雷达 技术领域
本发明涉及激光雷达技术领域，特别是涉及一种相控阵激光雷达。
背景技术
激光雷达是一种用激光探测和测距的传感器。它的原理与雷达和声呐类似，即用发射装置向目标发射出激光脉冲，通过接收装置测量返回脉冲的延迟和强度来测量目标的距离与反射率。传统的激光雷达使用机械转动装置实现360度的空间扫描，但这样的雷达使用笨重的机械装置，同时扫描速率缓慢，机械转动装置一旦故障后很难继续正常使用。
为了解决这些问题，相控阵激光雷达应运而生。相控阵激光雷达由许多相同的天线组成矩阵，所有天线的辐射波在远场通过干涉形成一束雷达波。电子系统实时控制每个天线的相位，从而控制远场的雷达波方向。电子系统改变某些天线的相位，就可以改变雷达波的方向，从而实现动态扫描。这样的电子扫描不需要机械转动装置、扫描速率快，而且即使有少量天线发生故障也不会影响相控阵激光雷达的实际使用。然而，传统的相控阵激光雷达难以达到较大的发射功率，因此如何提高相控阵激光雷达的发射功率是亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
基于此，有必要提供一种能够提高相控阵激光雷达的发射功率的相控阵激光雷达。
一种相控阵激光雷达，包括：激光发生器，用于产生原始激光；光传输介质；光分配装置，所述光分配装置通过光传输介质连接所述激光发生器；所述光分配装置包括用于接收所述原始激光的器件；及Z个辐射单元，每一 所述辐射单元分别与所述光分配装置相连；其中，Z为大于1的自然数；其中，所述光分配装置用于将所述原始激光分配为Z路第一种光信号，并将每一路所述第一种光信号分别发送至各所述辐射单元，以使得所有所述辐射单元辐射的电磁波合成一束雷达波；所述激光发生器、所述器件及所述光传输介质的材料为能够传输功率大于设定功率值的激光的材料。
本发明的一个或多个实施例的细节在下面的附图和描述中提出。本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将从说明书、附图以及权利要求书变得明显。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他实施例的附图。
图1为一实施方式提供的相控阵激光雷达的框图；
图2为一实施方式的相控阵激光雷达的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明，下面将参照相关附图对本发明进行更全面的描述。附图中给出了本发明的较佳实施例。但是，本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实现，并不限于本文所描述的实施例。相反地，提供这些实施例的目的是使对本发明的公开内容的理解更加透彻全面。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
请参考图1，一实施方式提供了一种相控阵激光雷达，包括激光发生器100、光传输介质400、光分配装置200及Z个辐射单元300。激光发生器100 通过光传输介质400与光分配装置200连接。光分配装置200分别连接各辐射单元300。其中，Z为自然数，且Z＞1。
激光发生器100用于产生原始激光。其中，原始激光为激光，对于远距离激光雷达来说，其需要具备较高的功率。光传输介质400能够传播光波，例如为光波导。
光分配装置200用于将原始激光分配为Z路第一种光信号，并将每一路第一种光信号分别发送至各辐射单元300，以使得所有辐射单元300辐射的电磁波合成一束雷达波。换言之，光分配装置200具有Z个输出端，每一个输出端连接一个辐射单元300，使得各路第一种光信号都分别通过不同的光路传播至不同的辐射单元300。第一种光信号是指对原始激光进行一定比例的功率分配后得到的光波。
其中，光分配装置200例如为光耦合器或光分束器，其作用是将原始激光分配到每一个辐射单元300中。光耦合器例如为方向耦合器(Directional coupler)或星型耦合器(Star coupler)等。光分束器例如为多模干涉光分束器(Multi-mode interferometer，MMI)或Y型分束器等。具体地，光分配装置200将原始激光均匀分配到各辐射单元300中，即各路第一种光信号的能量相同。
辐射单元300可以对接收的第一种光信号进行调相，并辐射相应的电磁波。因此，通过调节各辐射单元300的相移量，就能改变电磁波的相位分布，从而使得所有辐射单元300辐射的电磁波在远场通过干涉合成特定的雷达波。
具体地，光传输介质400、光分配装置200及辐射单元300都可以利用硅光子技术制造。硅光子技术是以硅和硅基衬底材料作为光学介质，通过集成电路工艺制造相应的光子器件和光电器件(例如：硅基发光器件、调制器、探测器、光波导器件等)，并利用这些器件对光子进行激发、处理、操纵，以实现其在光通信、光互连、光计算等领域中的实际应用。
另外，光分配装置200包括用于接收原始激光的器件。并且，该器件、 激光发生器100及光传输介质400的材料为能够传输功率大于设定功率值的激光的材料，例如：激光发生器100、光传输介质400及光分配装置200需保证能够传输高功率激光。具体地，设定功率值满足的条件为：相控阵激光雷达能够利用功率为设定功率值的原始激光对距离大于设定距离值的目标进行探测。例如：该设定功率值至少能够满足远程激光雷达的需求。具体地，设定功率值例如大于10W。这时，激光发生器100、光传输介质400及光分配装置200中用于接收原始激光的器件的材料能够传输功率大于10W的激光。可选地，激光发生器100、光传输介质400及光分配装置200中用于接收原始激光的器件的材料例如为但不局限于SiN。
其中，激光发生器100、光传输介质400及光分配装置200中用于接收原始激光的器件共同构成原始激光的传输光路，该传输光路的性能直接决定了相控阵激光雷达可以接受的输入功率的大小。由于对于远距离激光雷达来说，激光发生器100的输入功率越大越好，且在本实施方式中，激光发生器100、光传输介质400与光分配装置200中用于接收原始激光的器件都能够传输高功率激光，即原始激光的传输光路可以通过高功率的激光，从而能够提高该相控阵激光雷达的输入功率。由于输入功率提高，所有的辐射单元300合成的雷达波的总功率也就相应提高，从而可以延长探测距离。
在其中一个实施例中，辐射单元300的材料的相位调制效率大于设定效率阈值。例如：辐射单元300采用具有较高调相效率的材料(例如Si)制成，从而可以提高整个相控阵激光雷达的调相效率。
具体地，所有的辐射单元300构成平面阵。请参考图2，光分配装置200包括第一光分配单元210及M个第二光分配单元220。激光发生器100通过光传输介质400连接第一光分配单元210。第一光分配单元210分别连接各第二光分配单元220，即第一光分配单元210包括1个输入端和M个输出端，且每个输出端连接一个第二光分配单元220。第二光分配单元220连接N个辐射单元300。M、N均为自然数，且M×N＝Z。因此，第二光分配单元220包括1个输入端和N个输出端，若每一个第二光分配单元220位于不同列， 则不同的第二光分配单元220连接位于不同列的N个辐射单元300。
其中，第一光分配单元210将原始激光分配为M路第二种光信号，并将各路第二种光信号发送至对应的各第二光分配单元220。第二种光信号，是指对原始激光进行一定比例的功率分配后得到的光波。具体地，第一光分配单元210例如为1：M光耦合器或1：M光分束器。进一步地，第二种光信号的功率小于或等于1/M倍的原始激光的功率。因此，在本实施例中，第一光分配单元210为光分配装置200中用于接收原始激光的器件，则第一光分配单元210的材料为能够传输功率大于设定功率值的激光的材料。
第二光分配单元220将第二种光信号分配为N路第一种光信号，并将各路第一种光信号分别发送至对应的各辐射单元300。具体地，第二光分配单元220例如为1：N光耦合器或1：N光分束器。进一步地，第一种光信号的功率小于或等于1/N倍的第二种光信号的功率，即第一种光信号的功率小于或等于1/(M×N)倍的原始激光的功率。
具体地，第一光分配单元210和第二光分配单元220为光耦合器或光分束器。
进一步地，请继续参考图2，光分配装置200还包括M个相位调节器230。各相位调节器230连接于第一光分配单元210与各第二光分配单元220之间。换言之，第一光分配单元210的每一个输出端都通过一个相位调节器230连接一个第二光分配单元220。相位调节器230用于对第二种光信号进行调相，并将调相后的第二种光信号发送至对应的第二光分配单元220。因此，每一个相位调节器230可以同时控制一列中所有辐射单元300的辐射波的相位，从而可以提高调相的效率。
具体地，相位调节器230可以利用热光效应(Thermo-optic effect)或等离子体色散效应(Plasma-dispersion effect)进行相位调制。例如，相位调节器230可以为受微型加热器控制的光波导或者含PN结的光波导。具体地，相位调节器230的制造材料例如但不局限于Si。
进一步地，在上述相控阵激光雷达中，沿原始激光的传输方向位于第一 光分配单元210之后的光路上的各结构的材料的相位调制效率大于设定效率阈值。例如：位于第一光分配单元210之后的光路上的各结构采用相位调节效率高的材料制成。具体在图2中，从相位调节器230开始至辐射单元300，光经过的所有结构的材料的相位调制效率大于设定效率阈值。由于光分别经过第一光分配单元210、第二光分配单元220后，光功率分别小于原始激光功率的(1/M)倍、小于原始激光功率的1/(M×N)倍，因此，位于第一光分配单元210之后的光路上的各结构无需采用能够传输高功率激光的材料，即可以由与第一光配单元210及光传输介质400不同的材料制成，例如选用相位调制效率较高的材料制成，从而提高调相效率。
因此，本实施例提供的上述相控阵激光雷达，在前后两级不同的光路上采用不同的材料，既可以高功率传输激光，又具有大范围调相的特性，从而可以实现远距离及大扫描角度的激光雷达。
具体地，请继续参考图2，上述辐射单元300包括光学天线310及调相器320。其中，调相器320用于对来自第二光分配单元220的第一种光信号进行调相，并将调相后的光信号通过光学天线310发射出去。具体地，调相器320可以受电子系统的控制来调节光学天线310的相位。可选地，调相器320可以利用热光效应或等离子体色散效应进行相位调制。
因此，在本实施例提供的上述相控阵激光雷达中，在包括相位调节器230的前提下，既可以通过相位调节器230来调节位于一列的所有光学天线310发射出相位相同的电磁波，又可以通过各辐射单元300中的调相器320，使得每一列的不同光学天线310发射出不同相位的电磁波，从而在远场通过干涉生成高精度的辐射分布图案。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本 领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种相控阵激光雷达，包括：
    激光发生器，用于产生原始激光；
    光传输介质；
    光分配装置，所述光分配装置通过光传输介质连接所述激光发生器；所述光分配装置包括用于接收所述原始激光的器件；及
    Z个辐射单元，每一所述辐射单元分别与所述光分配装置相连；其中，Z为大于1的自然数；
    其中，所述光分配装置用于将所述原始激光分配为Z路第一种光信号，并将每一路所述第一种光信号分别发送至各所述辐射单元，以使得所有所述辐射单元辐射的电磁波合成一束雷达波；所述激光发生器、所述器件及所述光传输介质的材料为能够传输功率大于设定功率值的激光的材料。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的相控阵激光雷达，其特征在于，所述设定功率值满足的条件为：所述相控阵激光雷达能够利用功率为所述设定功率值的原始激光对距离大于设定距离值的目标进行探测。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的相控阵激光雷达，其特征在于，所述设定功率值大于10W。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的相控阵激光雷达，其特征在于，所述激光发生器、所述器件及所述光传输介质的材料为SiN。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的相控阵激光雷达，其特征在于，所述辐射单元的材料的相位调制效率大于设定效率阈值。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的相控阵激光雷达，其特征在于，所述辐射单元的材料为Si。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的相控阵激光雷达，其特征在于，所述光分配装置包括：
    第一光分配单元，所述第一光分配单元通过所述光传输介质连接所述激光发生器；所述第一光分配单元的材料为能够传输功率大于设定功率值的激 光的材料；及
    M个第二光分配单元，各所述第二光分配单元分别连接所述第一光分配单元，且所述第二光分配单元连接N个所述辐射单元；所述M、N均为自然数，且M×N＝Z；所述第一光分配单元将所述原始激光分配为M路第二种光信号，并将各路第二种光信号发送至对应的各所述第二光分配单元；所述第二光分配单元将所述第二种光信号分配为N路所述第一种光信号，并将各路第一种光信号发送至对应的各所述辐射单元。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的相控阵激光雷达，其特征在于，所述第一光分配单元及所述第二光分配单元为光耦合器或光分束器。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的相控阵激光雷达，其特征在于，所述光分配装置还包括M个相位调节器；各所述相位调节器连接于所述第一光分配单元与各所述第二光分配单元之间；所述相位调节器用于对所述第二种光信号进行调相，并将调相后的第二种光信号发送至对应的所述第二光分配单元。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的相控阵激光雷达，其特征在于，在所述相控阵激光雷达中，沿所述原始激光的传输方向位于所述第一光分配单元之后的光路上的各结构的材料的相位调制效率大于设定效率阈值。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的相控阵激光雷达，其特征在于，所述相位调节器用于利用热光效应或等离子体色散效应进行相位调制。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的相控阵激光雷达，其特征在于，所述辐射单元包括光学天线及调相器。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的相控阵激光雷达，其特征在于，所述调相器用于利用热光效应或等离子体色散效应进行相位调制。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的相控阵激光雷达，其特征在于，所述光传输介质为光波导。
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