WO2019002146A1 - Cork composite plate - Google Patents

Cork composite plate Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019002146A1
WO2019002146A1 PCT/EP2018/066811 EP2018066811W WO2019002146A1 WO 2019002146 A1 WO2019002146 A1 WO 2019002146A1 EP 2018066811 W EP2018066811 W EP 2018066811W WO 2019002146 A1 WO2019002146 A1 WO 2019002146A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plate
cork
rigid
binder
mixture
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/066811
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Alexandre NARINX
Agnès DE MONTBRUN
Original Assignee
Cork Bio Solutions
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cork Bio Solutions filed Critical Cork Bio Solutions
Publication of WO2019002146A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019002146A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/688—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks the inserts being meshes or lattices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/02—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N5/00—Manufacture of non-flat articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N5/00—Manufacture of non-flat articles
    • B27N5/02—Hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C39/02—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C39/10—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. casting around inserts or for coating articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
    • B29C67/02—Moulding by agglomerating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/88—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced
    • B29C70/882—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced partly or totally electrically conductive, e.g. for EMI shielding
    • B29C70/885—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced partly or totally electrically conductive, e.g. for EMI shielding with incorporated metallic wires, nets, films or plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/002—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres characterised by the type of binder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C39/003—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/681—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C70/682—Preformed parts characterised by their structure, e.g. form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/70—Completely encapsulating inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/74—Moulding material on a relatively small portion of the preformed part, e.g. outsert moulding
    • B29C70/745—Filling cavities in the preformed part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2075/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2511/00—Use of natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29K2401/00 - B29K2509/00, as filler
    • B29K2511/02—Cork

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of insulating materials, and in particular cork plates.
  • Cork extracted from the bark of some trees, is used as the material since l9 th century, particularly since the development of linoleum, linseed oil by addition to the cork grains, in the 1860s, then cork boards, used both for interior decoration and for insulation, both for housing and in the field of means of transport, including aeronautics.
  • Cork indeed has incomparable properties of thermal, acoustic and vibratory insulation. It is also a low density material, generally less than 0.2, impermeable to water, but permeable to vapor, which allows the material to breathe and contributes to its rot-proofness. It does not burn but burns slowly, giving it fire resistance properties. The harvesting of cork does not require the felling of the tree, it is an easily renewable material.
  • cork Used in natural or expanded form, ie heated at high temperature and inflated with air in order to optimize its insulating performance, cork is a very flexible material.
  • a subterfuge used to obtain rigid panels is to insert a flexible layer of cork between two rigid structural layers or to insert a rigid structural layer between two soft layers of cork.
  • the rigid layers can be plasterboard or polymer such as polyurethane. This layered arrangement is of complex manufacture and requires the use of glues or other techniques to join the layers together.
  • the main alternative available on the market consists of a compressed cork plate.
  • cork grains are mixed with a binder, this mixture is poured into a mold and then compressed and heated.
  • the necessary industrial equipment is heavy and transport costs are increased, which makes the final product expensive and uncompetitive compared to polymer insulating plates such as polyurethane.
  • the mold used determines the size of the plate, and only a few plate sizes are available on the market. The user of the plates himself has to cut them to the desired dimensions, which can lead to a waste of material.
  • the present invention proposes for this purpose a rigid composite plate comprising cork grains only agglomerated by a binder and coating a perforated rigid reinforcement.
  • the binder of the plate of the invention is identical in nature and its proportions to the binders commonly used to make flexible cork plates, or compressed cork plates.
  • the proportion of binder used to effectively agglomerate the cork grains is very small and generally represents only a few percent of the mass, or better still, the volume, of the cork seeds.
  • the cork grains used are natural cork seeds.
  • the formed composite plate has substantially the same quality as natural cork.
  • the present invention also provides a method for producing a rigid composite cork plate in which cork grains and a binder are mixed;
  • the mixture obtained is deposited around a perforated rigid reinforcement to form a pre-plate; and, immediately thereafter, the pre-plate is subjected to a heat treatment to form a rigid composite plate.
  • the method of the invention may further comprise a step of drying the composite plate, in fact to stabilize the adhesion of all the components of the plate together.
  • the mixture of the cork grains and the binder is heated so that the cork grains are fixed to the rigid frame.
  • composite plate we can designate a flat panel whose thickness is generally smaller than the height or width, or its diameter if it is a circular panel. But the method of the invention also makes it possible to manufacture non-flat plates, that is to say having reliefs or having any three-dimensional geometry. The term plate is not to be taken here in its restricted sense.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the plate of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the steps of the production method of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the plate of the invention.
  • Figure 5 is a side view of a third embodiment of the plate of the invention.
  • the rigid composite plate 1 is composed of a central rigid reinforcement 3 coated with a mixture 2 of cork grains agglomerated with a binder.
  • the armature 3 is here a lattice, that is to say a set of interlocking elements at right angles, comprising three lateral rods 4 and three longitudinal rods 5.
  • the rods forming the reinforcement are totally embedded in the mixture of cork and binder, that is to say that no part of the reinforcement is flush with the surface of the plate.
  • the total volume of the reinforcement finally represents only a small proportion of the volume of the plate 1.
  • the plate of the invention does not contain any additional means for adhering the reinforcement to the cork and binder mixture. This mixture, once cured, encloses the frame.
  • the shape of the frame is of course not limited to the shape shown in the drawing, and can be very varied. For example, we can imagine that the stems do not cross at right angles, that there are stems only in one direction, a honeycomb structure, or a rigid coil.
  • the nature of the frame can also be varied. It can be metal or polymer. In order to form a natural and easily recyclable plate, the frame can be wood, cardboard or even compressed cork.
  • the shape of the frame and its nature may depend on the size of the desired plate or its end use, that is to say the stresses and forces to which the plate will have to withstand.
  • the plate 1 is here shown having a parallelepiped shape. Any other form is however conceivable. This is particularly allowed by the method of manufacturing such a plate that will now be discussed.
  • a first step A cork grains 6, here only partially represented, and a binder 7, for example polyurethane, are introduced into a tank 8 and are mixed therein by means of a mixer 10 until a homogeneous mixture is obtained 9.
  • a perforated reinforcement 3 is selected and the mixture 9 is poured or deposited on this reinforcement 3.
  • the mixture 9 coats the armature to form a pre-plate.
  • the pre-plate is then heated here in step C to allow the stiffening of the assembly to form the plate 1.
  • the mixture of step A may optionally be, depending on the nature of the binder used, at a temperature higher than the ambient temperature in order to improve the coating of the cork grains with the binder.
  • the mixture is generally obtained at this stage in the form of grains not integral with each other.
  • step B the mixture 9 is spread on all the surfaces of the reinforcement.
  • the frame is represented here laid flat, but it is quite possible to arrange it in any orientation. It is also conceivable that the armature 3 is set in motion when the mixture 9 is poured in order to ensure a homogeneous coating.
  • step C depending on the nature of the binder, it may be envisaged that the stiffening of the assembly is done by cooling rather than by heating. It is also possible that, for other types of binder, maintaining the pre-plate at room temperature for a few minutes or a few hours is sufficient to ensure the stiffening of the plate.
  • the overall shape of the plate depends in principle on the shape of the reinforcement and the amount of mixture of cork and binder.
  • the method of the invention therefore allows great flexibility in the shape of the plate to be manufactured.
  • the reinforcement has a three-dimensional structure, either to reinforce the rigidity of the plate, for thick plates for example, or to give it a particular shape, the plate thus formed also having a three-dimensional structure dimensions.
  • FIG. 4 it is for example possible to form cylindrical cork plates 10. This form can for example be used in the field of construction, for example to isolate heating ducts, or ventilation. A cylindrical shape can also be interesting to keep the contents of a bottle hot or cold.
  • FIG. 5 Another example of a shape, illustrated in FIG. 5, is a corrugated plate that could have applications in construction, or decorative applications.

Abstract

The invention concerns the area of insulating materials, and in particular cork plates. In order to avoid the traditional manufacture, by compression, of a cork plate, by proposing a rigid panel substantially composed of cork having all the properties of expanded or natural cork, the present invention proposes a rigid composite plate comprising cork particles that are only agglomerated by a binder and enrobing a rigid openwork frame, as well as a method for manufacturing such a plate.

Description

Plaque composite de liège  Cork composite plate
L'invention concerne le domaine des matériaux isolants, et en particulier des plaques en liège. The invention relates to the field of insulating materials, and in particular cork plates.
Le liège, extrait de l'écorce de certains arbres, est utilisé comme matériau depuis le l9eme siècle, en particulier depuis la mise au point du linoléum, par ajout d'huile de lin à des grains de liège, dans les années 1860, puis de plaques de liège, utilisées aussi bien pour la décoration intérieure que pour l'isolation, aussi bien pour l'habitation que dans le domaine des moyens de transport, notamment aéronautiques. Cork, extracted from the bark of some trees, is used as the material since l9 th century, particularly since the development of linoleum, linseed oil by addition to the cork grains, in the 1860s, then cork boards, used both for interior decoration and for insulation, both for housing and in the field of means of transport, including aeronautics.
Le liège présente en effet d'incomparables propriétés d'isolation thermique, acoustique et vibratoire. C'est également un matériau de faible densité, généralement inférieure à 0.2, imperméable à l'eau, mais perméable à la vapeur, ce qui permet au matériau de respirer et contribue à son imputrescibilité . Il ne brûle pas mais se consume lentement, ce qui lui confère des propriétés de résistance à l'incendie. La récolte du liège ne requérant pas l'abattage de l'arbre, c'est un matériau facilement renouvelable. Cork indeed has incomparable properties of thermal, acoustic and vibratory insulation. It is also a low density material, generally less than 0.2, impermeable to water, but permeable to vapor, which allows the material to breathe and contributes to its rot-proofness. It does not burn but burns slowly, giving it fire resistance properties. The harvesting of cork does not require the felling of the tree, it is an easily renewable material.
Utilisé sous forme naturelle ou expansée, c'est dire chauffée à haute température et gonflé d'air afin d'en optimiser les performances isolantes, le liège est un matériau très souple. Used in natural or expanded form, ie heated at high temperature and inflated with air in order to optimize its insulating performance, cork is a very flexible material.
Bien que présentant des avantages pour certaines applications, comme des revêtements de sol, ou décoratifs, cette souplesse pose néanmoins problème pour la fabrication de plaques de lièges rigides, nécessaires dans d'autres applications comme la construction de cloisons ou l'isolation de l'habitat. Although it has advantages for certain applications, such as floor coverings, or decorative, this flexibility nevertheless poses a problem for the manufacture of rigid cork plates, necessary in other applications such as the construction of partitions or the insulation of the habitat.
Un subterfuge utilisé pour obtenir des panneaux rigides est d'insérer une couche souple de liège entre deux couches structurelles rigides ou d' insérer une couche structurelle rigide entre deux couches souples de liège. Les couches rigides peuvent être des panneaux de plâtre ou en polymère comme du polyuréthane . Cette disposition en couches est de manufacture complexe et requiert l'utilisation de colles ou autres techniques pour solidariser les couches entre elles. A subterfuge used to obtain rigid panels is to insert a flexible layer of cork between two rigid structural layers or to insert a rigid structural layer between two soft layers of cork. The rigid layers can be plasterboard or polymer such as polyurethane. This layered arrangement is of complex manufacture and requires the use of glues or other techniques to join the layers together.
L'alternative principale disponible sur le marché consiste en une plaque de liège compressé. Pour fabriquer ce type de plaque, des grains de liège sont mélangés à un liant, ce mélange est versé dans un moule puis compressé et chauffé. Il en résulte des plaques rigides, mais denses (densité généralement supérieure à 0.3) et lourdes et dont les propriétés d'isolation sont diminuées par rapport à celle du liège naturel et non compressé. L'équipement industriel nécessaire est lourd et les coûts de transport sont augmentés, ce qui rend le produit final cher et peu compétitif par rapport aux plaques isolantes en polymères comme par exemple en polyuréthane. En particulier, le moule utilisé détermine la dimension de la plaque, et seulement quelques dimensions de plaques sont disponibles sur le marché. L'utilisateur des plaques doit lui-même les découper aux dimensions souhaitées, ce qui peut entraîner un gaspillage de matériau . The main alternative available on the market consists of a compressed cork plate. To make this type of plate, cork grains are mixed with a binder, this mixture is poured into a mold and then compressed and heated. This results in rigid plates, but dense (density generally greater than 0.3) and heavy and whose insulation properties are reduced compared to that of natural and uncompressed cork. The necessary industrial equipment is heavy and transport costs are increased, which makes the final product expensive and uncompetitive compared to polymer insulating plates such as polyurethane. In particular, the mold used determines the size of the plate, and only a few plate sizes are available on the market. The user of the plates himself has to cut them to the desired dimensions, which can lead to a waste of material.
Il a donc été jugé nécess Lire par la demanderesse de s'affranchir de la fabrication traditionnelle d'une plaque de liège tout en proposant un panneau rigide composé essentiellement de liège ayant toutes les propriétés du liège expansé ou naturel . It has therefore been deemed necessary for the applicant to overcome the traditional manufacture of a cork plate while proposing a rigid panel consisting essentially of cork having all the properties of expanded or natural cork.
Solution de l'invention Solution of the invention
La présente invention propose à cet effet une plaque composite rigide comprenant des grains de liège seulement agglomérés par un liant et enrobant une armature rigide ajourée. The present invention proposes for this purpose a rigid composite plate comprising cork grains only agglomerated by a binder and coating a perforated rigid reinforcement.
Par « seulement », les demandeurs ont voulu souligner que les grains de liège ne sont pas compressés. L'invention est remarquable du fait qu'on propose une plaque de liège sans avoir à fabriquer une plaque en liège. By "only", the plaintiffs pointed out that the cork grains are uncompressed. The invention is remarkable in that a cork plate is proposed without having to manufacture a cork plate.
En tant qu'armature, il est fait ici référence par exemple à un treillis qui est une pièce ajourée. On pourrait également la qualifier d'aérée. As an armature, reference is made here for example to a lattice which is a perforated piece. It could also be described as airy.
Le liant de la plaque de l'invention est identique dans sa nature et ses proportions aux liants couramment utilisés pour fabriquer les plaques en liège souples, ou les plaques en liège compressées. En général, la proportion de liant utilisée pour agglomérer efficacement les grains de liège est très faible et ne représente généralement que quelques pourcents de la masse, ou mieux du volume, des grains de liège. The binder of the plate of the invention is identical in nature and its proportions to the binders commonly used to make flexible cork plates, or compressed cork plates. In general, the proportion of binder used to effectively agglomerate the cork grains is very small and generally represents only a few percent of the mass, or better still, the volume, of the cork seeds.
Avantageusement, les grains de liège utilisés sont des grains de liège naturel. Il en résulte que la plaque composite formé a sensiblement les mêmes qualité que du liège naturel. Advantageously, the cork grains used are natural cork seeds. As a result, the formed composite plate has substantially the same quality as natural cork.
La présente invention propose également une méthode pour produire une plaque composite rigide de liège selon laquelle -on mélange des grains de liège et un liant ; The present invention also provides a method for producing a rigid composite cork plate in which cork grains and a binder are mixed;
-on dépose le mélange obtenu autour d'une armature rigide ajourée pour former une pré-plaque; et, tout de suite après, -on soumet la pré-plaque à un traitement thermique pour former une plaque composite rigide.  the mixture obtained is deposited around a perforated rigid reinforcement to form a pre-plate; and, immediately thereafter, the pre-plate is subjected to a heat treatment to form a rigid composite plate.
La locution adverbiale « tout de suite après » est introduite dans la revendication pour signifier qu'il n'y a pas d'étape de compression pour réaliser la plaque de l'invention. The adverb phrase "immediately after" is introduced in the claim to mean that there is no compression step for making the plate of the invention.
Par traitement thermique, il peut s'agir de chauffage, refroidissement ou d'un maintien à température ambiante, vo une combinaison de ces traitements. La méthode de l'invention peut en outre comprendre une étape de séchage de la plaque composite, en fait pour stabiliser l'adhésion de tous les composants de la plaque entre eux. By heat treatment, it can be heating, cooling or maintenance at room temperature, or a combination of these treatments. The method of the invention may further comprise a step of drying the composite plate, in fact to stabilize the adhesion of all the components of the plate together.
Avantageusement, le mélange des grains de liège et du liant est chauffé pour que les grains de liège se fixent à l'armature rigide . Advantageously, the mixture of the cork grains and the binder is heated so that the cork grains are fixed to the rigid frame.
Par plaque composite, on peut désigner un panneau plat dont l'épaisseur est généralement plus faible que la hauteur ou la largeur, ou que son diamètre s'il s'agit d'un panneau circulaire. Mais la méthode de l'invention permet également de fabriquer des plaques non-plates, c'est-à-dire présentant des reliefs ou ayant une quelconque géométrie tridimensionnelle. Le terme plaque n'est donc pas à prendre ici dans son sens restreint . By composite plate, we can designate a flat panel whose thickness is generally smaller than the height or width, or its diameter if it is a circular panel. But the method of the invention also makes it possible to manufacture non-flat plates, that is to say having reliefs or having any three-dimensional geometry. The term plate is not to be taken here in its restricted sense.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description suivante de plusieurs formes de réalisation de la plaque de l'invention et de sa méthode de fabrication, en référence au dessin en annexe, sur lequel : la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'une première forme de réalisation d'une plaque de l'invention, avec, par transparence, l'armature apparente ; The invention will be better understood from the following description of several embodiments of the plate of the invention and its method of manufacture, with reference to the drawing in the appendix, in which: FIG. perspective of a first embodiment of a plate of the invention, with, by transparency, the apparent frame;
la figure 2 est une vue en coupe de la plaque de la figure 1; la figure 3 est un schéma bloc des étapes de la méthde de production de l'invention Figure 2 is a sectional view of the plate of Figure 1; FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the steps of the production method of the invention.
la figure 4 est une vue en perspective d'une deuxième forme de réalisation de la plaque de l'invention et FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the plate of the invention and
la figure 5 est une vue latérale d'une troisième forme de réalisation de la plaque de l'invention. Figure 5 is a side view of a third embodiment of the plate of the invention.
En référence aux figures 1 et 2, la plaque composite rigide 1 selon l'invention est composée d'une armature rigide centrale 3 enrobée d'un mélange 2 de grains de liège agglomérés par un liant. L'armature 3 est ici un treillis, c'est-à-dire un ensemble d'éléments entrecroisés à angle droit, comprenant trois tiges latérales 4 et trois tiges longitudinales 5. With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the rigid composite plate 1 according to the invention is composed of a central rigid reinforcement 3 coated with a mixture 2 of cork grains agglomerated with a binder. The armature 3 is here a lattice, that is to say a set of interlocking elements at right angles, comprising three lateral rods 4 and three longitudinal rods 5.
Comme illustré sur la vue en coupe de la plaque 1 de la figure 2, les tiges formant l'armature sont totalement noyées dans le mélange de liège et de liant, c'est-à-dire qu'aucune partie de l'armature n'affleure à la surface de la plaque. Le volume total de l'armature ne représente finalement qu'une faible proportion du volume de la plaque 1. La plaque de l'invention ne contient aucun moyen additionnel pour faire adhérer l'armature au mélange de liège et de liant. Ce mélange, une fois durci, enserre 1 ' armature . As illustrated in the sectional view of the plate 1 of FIG. 2, the rods forming the reinforcement are totally embedded in the mixture of cork and binder, that is to say that no part of the reinforcement is flush with the surface of the plate. The total volume of the reinforcement finally represents only a small proportion of the volume of the plate 1. The plate of the invention does not contain any additional means for adhering the reinforcement to the cork and binder mixture. This mixture, once cured, encloses the frame.
La forme de l'armature n'est bien sûr pas limitée à la forme représentée au dessin, et peut être très variée. On peut par exemple imaginer que les tiges ne se croisent pas à angle droit, qu'il n'y ait des tiges que dans une direction, une structure en nid d'abeille, ou un serpentin rigide. The shape of the frame is of course not limited to the shape shown in the drawing, and can be very varied. For example, we can imagine that the stems do not cross at right angles, that there are stems only in one direction, a honeycomb structure, or a rigid coil.
La nature de l'armature peut également être variée. Elle peut être en métal ou en polymère. Dans l'optique de former une plaque naturelle et facilement recyclable, l'armature peut être en bois, en carton ou même en liège compressé. The nature of the frame can also be varied. It can be metal or polymer. In order to form a natural and easily recyclable plate, the frame can be wood, cardboard or even compressed cork.
La forme de l'armature et sa nature peuvent dépendre de la dimension de la plaque désirée ou de son utilisation finale, c'est-à-dire des contraintes et des forces auxquelles la plaque devra résister. The shape of the frame and its nature may depend on the size of the desired plate or its end use, that is to say the stresses and forces to which the plate will have to withstand.
La plaque 1 est ici représentée ayant une forme parallélépipédique . Toute autre forme est toutefois envisageable. Ceci est notamment permis par la méthode de fabrication d'une telle plaque qui va maintenant être abordée. The plate 1 is here shown having a parallelepiped shape. Any other form is however conceivable. This is particularly allowed by the method of manufacturing such a plate that will now be discussed.
En référence à la figure 3, dans une première étape A, des grains de lièges 6, ici seulement partiellement représentés , et un liant 7, par exemple du polyuréthane , sont introduits dans une cuve 8 et y sont mélangés grâce à un mélangeur 10 jusqu'à obtention d'un mélange homogène 9. Dans une deuxième étape B, une armature ajourée 3 est sélectionnée et le mélange 9 est répandu ou déposé sur cette armature 3. Le mélange 9 enrobe l'armature pour former une pré-plaque. La pré-plaque est alors ici chauffée à l'étape C pour permettre la rigidification de l'ensemble pour former la plaque 1. With reference to FIG. 3, in a first step A, cork grains 6, here only partially represented, and a binder 7, for example polyurethane, are introduced into a tank 8 and are mixed therein by means of a mixer 10 until a homogeneous mixture is obtained 9. In a second step B, a perforated reinforcement 3 is selected and the mixture 9 is poured or deposited on this reinforcement 3. The mixture 9 coats the armature to form a pre-plate. The pre-plate is then heated here in step C to allow the stiffening of the assembly to form the plate 1.
Le mélange de l'étape A peut éventuellement se faire, selon la nature du liant utilisé, à une température plus élevée que la température ambiante afin d'améliorer l'enrobage des grains de liège par le liant. Le mélange est généralement obtenu à cette étape sous forme de grains non-solidaires les uns des autres. The mixture of step A may optionally be, depending on the nature of the binder used, at a temperature higher than the ambient temperature in order to improve the coating of the cork grains with the binder. The mixture is generally obtained at this stage in the form of grains not integral with each other.
Durant l'étape B, le mélange 9 est répandu sur toutes les surfaces de l'armature. L'armature est ici représentée posée à plat, mais il est tout à fait envisageable de la disposer selon n'importe quelle orientation. Il est également envisageable que l'armature 3 soit mise en mouvement lorsque le mélange 9 est versé afin d'en assurer un enrobage homogène. During step B, the mixture 9 is spread on all the surfaces of the reinforcement. The frame is represented here laid flat, but it is quite possible to arrange it in any orientation. It is also conceivable that the armature 3 is set in motion when the mixture 9 is poured in order to ensure a homogeneous coating.
A l'étape C, selon la nature du liant, il peut être envisagé que la rigidification de l'ensemble se fasse par refroidissement plutôt que par chauffage. Il est également possible que, pour d'autres types de liant, le maintien de la pré-plaque à température ambiante pendant quelques minutes ou quelques heures soit suffisant pour assurer la rigidification de la plaque. In step C, depending on the nature of the binder, it may be envisaged that the stiffening of the assembly is done by cooling rather than by heating. It is also possible that, for other types of binder, maintaining the pre-plate at room temperature for a few minutes or a few hours is sufficient to ensure the stiffening of the plate.
Il faut ici noter que, contrairement aux techniques utilisées couramment pour fabriquer des plaques en liège, aucune étape de compression n'est ici envisagée, ce qui permet au liège de conserver toutes les propriétés isolantes du liège naturel tout en ayant toutes les propriétés de rigidité et de solidité d'une plaque . Dans un cas simple, une première partie du mélange 9 peut être déposée sur un support, l'armature y est ensuite déposée puis recouverte par une autre partie du mélange 9. Les deux parties du mélange fusionnent du fait que l'armature 3 est ajourée. Il est également envisageable que l'armature soit maintenue en l'air, à une distance précise d'un support, déterminée en fonction de l'épaisseur de la plaque désirée, afin que le mélange 9 déposé puisse également se répandre sous l'armature 3. Cette méthode peut être particulièrement intéressante pour contrôler précisément la position de l'armature à l'intérieur de la plaque composite. It should be noted here that, contrary to the techniques commonly used to manufacture cork sheets, no compression step is envisaged here, which allows the cork to retain all the insulating properties of natural cork while having all the properties of rigidity. and strength of a plate. In a simple case, a first part of the mixture 9 may be deposited on a support, the reinforcement is then deposited thereon and then covered by another part of the mixture 9. The two parts of the mixture merge because the reinforcement 3 is perforated. . It is also conceivable for the reinforcement to be kept in the air, at a precise distance from a support, determined according to the thickness of the desired plate, so that the mixture 9 deposited can also be spread under the reinforcement. 3. This method can be particularly interesting for precisely controlling the position of the armature inside the composite plate.
La forme globale de la plaque dépend à priori de la forme de l'armature et de la quantité de mélange 9 de liège et de liant. The overall shape of the plate depends in principle on the shape of the reinforcement and the amount of mixture of cork and binder.
Il est néanmoins possible d'ajuster la forme de la pré-plaque précisément, en mettant un cadre limitant la dispersion du mélange 9 autour de l'armature. La forme peut également être ajustée par découpe après finalisation de la plaque. It is nevertheless possible to adjust the shape of the pre-plate precisely, by putting a frame limiting the dispersion of the mixture 9 around the frame. The shape can also be adjusted by cutting after finalizing the plate.
La méthode de l'invention permet donc une grande flexibilité dans la forme de la plaque à fabriquer. En s' affranchissant de la fabrication de moule et de l'étape de compression, nécessitant des presses et des moules résistants, il est possible de former toutes sortes de plaque. Il suffit de sélectionner une armature, et éventuellement un cadre permettant de définir une forme, et de déposer les grains de lièges agglomérés par un liant sur l'armature choisie pour obtenir, après chauffage, cuisson, ou séchage une plaque rigide ayant la forme désirée. Il est donc possible que l'armature ait une structure en trois dimensions, afin soit de renforcer la rigidité de la plaque, pour des plaques épaisses par exemple, soit de lui conférer une forme particulière, la plaque ainsi formée ayant également une structure en trois dimensions. En référence à la figure 4, il est par exemple possible de former des plaques de liège 10 de forme cylindrique. Cette forme peut par exemple être utilisée dans le domaine de la construction, par exemple pour isoler des conduits de chauffage, ou d'aération. Une forme cylindrique peut également être intéressante pour maintenir le contenu d'une bouteille soit chaud, soit froid. The method of the invention therefore allows great flexibility in the shape of the plate to be manufactured. By dispensing with mold making and the compression step, requiring presses and molds resistant, it is possible to form all kinds of plate. It suffices to select an armature, and possibly a framework for defining a shape, and to deposit the cork grains agglomerated with a binder on the selected frame to obtain, after heating, cooking, or drying a rigid plate having the desired shape . It is therefore possible that the reinforcement has a three-dimensional structure, either to reinforce the rigidity of the plate, for thick plates for example, or to give it a particular shape, the plate thus formed also having a three-dimensional structure dimensions. With reference to FIG. 4, it is for example possible to form cylindrical cork plates 10. This form can for example be used in the field of construction, for example to isolate heating ducts, or ventilation. A cylindrical shape can also be interesting to keep the contents of a bottle hot or cold.
Un autre exemple de forme, illustré sur la figure 5, est une plaque ondulée qui pourrait avoir des applications en construction, ou des applications décoratives. Another example of a shape, illustrated in FIG. 5, is a corrugated plate that could have applications in construction, or decorative applications.

Claims

Revendications claims
Plaque composite rigide (1) comprenant des grains de liège (6) seulement agglomérés par un liant (7) et enrobant une armature rigide ajourée (3) . Rigid composite plate (1) comprising cork grains (6) only agglomerated by a binder (7) and coating a perforated rigid reinforcement (3).
Plaque selon la revendication 1 ayant une géométrie en trois dimensions. Plate according to claim 1 having a three-dimensional geometry.
Plaque selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2 dont l'armature a une structure en trois dimensions. Plate according to one of claims 1 and 2 whose frame has a three-dimensional structure.
Plaque selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3 dont l'armature (3) est constituée dans un ou plusieurs matériaux appartenant au groupe comprenant du carton, du bois, du métal, du liège et un polymère. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 3, the armature (3) is constituted in one or more materials belonging to the group comprising cardboard, wood, metal, cork and a polymer.
Méthode pour produire une plaque composite rigide (1) en liège selon laquelle Method for producing a rigid composite plate (1) of cork according to which
-on mélange des grains de liège (6) et un liant (7);  mixing the cork grains (6) and a binder (7);
-on dépose le mélange (9) obtenu autour d'une armature rigide ajourée (3) pour former une pré-plaque ; et, tout de suite après,  the mixture (9) obtained is deposited around a perforated rigid reinforcement (3) to form a pre-plate; and, immediately after,
-on soumet la pré-plaque à un traitement thermique pour former une plaque composite rigide (1) .  the pre-plate is subjected to a heat treatment to form a rigid composite plate (1).
Méthode selon la revendication 5 selon laquelle la préplaque est chauffée. The method of claim 5 wherein the preplate is heated.
PCT/EP2018/066811 2017-06-26 2018-06-22 Cork composite plate WO2019002146A1 (en)

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BE2017/5450A BE1025024B1 (en) 2017-06-26 2017-06-26 Cork composite plate.
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JPS5094106A (en) * 1973-12-20 1975-07-26
JPS5323373A (en) * 1976-08-17 1978-03-03 Bridgestone Tire Co Ltd Preventing method of rubber from inflowing into space between adjacent rubber parts
JPS63197641A (en) * 1987-02-12 1988-08-16 内山工業株式会社 Woody composite board
JPH0688242B2 (en) * 1987-02-12 1994-11-09 内山工業株式会社 Wood composite board and manufacturing method thereof
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