WO2019001513A1 - 多节电池的电力管理系统 - Google Patents

多节电池的电力管理系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019001513A1
WO2019001513A1 PCT/CN2018/093364 CN2018093364W WO2019001513A1 WO 2019001513 A1 WO2019001513 A1 WO 2019001513A1 CN 2018093364 W CN2018093364 W CN 2018093364W WO 2019001513 A1 WO2019001513 A1 WO 2019001513A1
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Prior art keywords
batteries
battery
offline
management system
charging
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PCT/CN2018/093364
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林子闵
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天扬精密科技股份有限公司
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Priority to EP18824294.5A priority Critical patent/EP3648288A4/en
Priority to US16/489,082 priority patent/US20210175725A1/en
Priority to KR1020197033722A priority patent/KR20200024137A/ko
Priority to JP2019561183A priority patent/JP2020526153A/ja
Publication of WO2019001513A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019001513A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0024—Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multi-cell battery device, and more particularly to a multi-cell battery power management system.
  • Batteries are widely used in a variety of electronic products, and usually use a multi-cell battery structure, that is, a plurality of batteries connected in series or in parallel to supply power required for the operation of electronic products.
  • the present invention aims to provide a power management system for a multi-cell battery, which can improve battery life and life, reduce the space and cost occupied by a conventional balancing circuit, and balance the charging and discharging efficiency of the battery. .
  • a power management system for a multi-cell battery of the present invention includes N batteries and a power control device.
  • N is a positive integer.
  • the power control device forms N-1 batteries into a charging/discharging circuit, and detects respective storage capacities of the N batteries.
  • the battery that is not allocated in the charging/discharging circuit is defined as an offline battery.
  • the power control device selects one of the N-1 batteries to be interrupted from the charging/discharging circuit when the switching condition is met. On, and the offline battery is added to the charging/discharging circuit, and the disconnected battery becomes the new offline battery.
  • the power management system of the multi-cell battery of the present invention can effectively distribute power through a plurality of batteries, and can also achieve stable charging or discharging of each battery by controlling the power control device to achieve each battery. Balance of storage capacity.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram showing the composition of a power management system for a multi-cell battery of the present invention.
  • the figure is a block diagram of the composition of the power management system of the multi-cell battery of the present invention.
  • the power management system of the multi-cell battery of the present invention is applied to a power system, and the power system may be a portable computer, a mobile phone, an electric vehicle, an electric motor vehicle, a portable small household appliance, and the like, which are required to operate by battery power.
  • the multi-cell battery power management system 10 is connected to the above power system by two ends 11, 13 and includes six batteries 31-36 and a power control device 50.
  • the power control device 50 selects five batteries 31-35 from among the six batteries 31-36 to form a charging/discharging circuit, and will detect the respective storage capacities of the six batteries 31-36, respectively, where they are not allocated.
  • the battery 36 in the charge/discharge circuit is defined as an offline battery.
  • the sum total voltage of the battery configuration of the conventional power system is equal to the voltage required by the power system, that is, there is no additional offline (idle) battery, but the present invention is configured in addition to the power required by the power system. In addition to the battery, an additional battery is added. Therefore, in this embodiment, N is 6, and N-1 (equal to 5) batteries form a charging/discharging circuit that is required by the power system, and the offline battery can rest and wait. distribution.
  • the number of offline batteries in this embodiment is one, in practice, the number of offline batteries may also be two or more.
  • the offline battery is designed to be two or more, those skilled in the art can still understand that the total number of batteries will increase by the description of the present invention, and the number of batteries in the charging/discharging circuit should be N-2 or NX, and X indicates that there are More than two offline batteries.
  • the power source control device 50 selects one of the five batteries 31-35 to self-charge/ The discharge circuit is disconnected and an off-line battery 36 is added to the charge/discharge circuit, and the disconnected battery becomes a new offline battery.
  • the switching conditions will vary depending on the charging application and the discharging application. Please refer to the differences for details.
  • the offline battery can effectively use the Le Chatelier's principle, which allows the battery voltage to be slightly boosted during breaks. Moreover, the battery is disconnected from the charging/discharging circuit (ie, the offline battery) for measurement, and the internal resistance of the battery can be avoided to cause voltage measurement error, thereby improving the accuracy of estimating the storage capacity of the offline battery.
  • the state of the abnormal battery can be detected by the power source control device 50, and the battery becomes an offline battery. Can improve the safety of multi-cell batteries.
  • the power control device 50 includes six switching circuits 51-56 and a controller 57.
  • the number of switching circuits 51-56 is equal to the number of batteries, i.e., N and M as defined in the claims are representative of the value 6.
  • the six switching circuits 51-56 are connected to the six batteries 31-36 one to one.
  • the controller 57 connects the six switching circuits 51-56 and controls the six switching circuits 51-56 to form a charging/discharging circuit.
  • the controller 57 has a plurality of connection ports for connecting the six switching circuits 51-56, and the controller 57 has a plurality of connection ports. This is understood in the art and will not be described herein.
  • Each of the switching circuits 51-56 includes a series switch 511-561 and a bypass switch 513-563.
  • the series switches 511-561 are connected in series to the batteries 31-36
  • the bypass switches 513-563 are connected to the series switches 511-561 and the batteries 31-36, and are connected in parallel with the series switches 511-561 and the batteries 31-36.
  • N and M each represent a specific value, and therefore, those skilled in the art can easily understand that the numerical value can be changed.
  • the series switch and the bypass switch of the switching circuit may be a circuit composed of a transistor, a diode or the above active components.
  • the charging/discharging circuit is formed by controlling the switching circuits by a controller. For example, when the battery in the charging/discharging circuit is switched to a new offline battery, and the original offline battery is added to the charging/discharging circuit, the controller can disconnect the series switch of the switching circuit connecting the new offline battery, and The bypass switch is turned on, so that the new offline battery will not be charged or discharged, and the series switch of the switching circuit connected to the original offline battery is turned on, and the bypass switch is turned off, so that the original offline battery is added to the charging/discharging circuit. Charging or discharging.
  • the above description shows the composition of the power management system of the multi-cell battery of the present invention, and then details the discharge application and charging application, and the control operation of the controller.
  • the above charging/discharging circuit is subsequently described by a discharge circuit during discharge application, and by a charging circuit during charging application, in other words, the charging/discharging circuit means that it can be used as a charging application or a discharging application, not simultaneously Do charging applications and discharge applications.
  • the battery numbers 1-6 in the table represent a total of six batteries, that is, the power control device also has six switching circuits.
  • the power storage error is a dynamic monitoring of the difference between the maximum storage capacity of the battery 1-6 and the minimum storage capacity in accordance with the power state of the battery.
  • the representation of the offline battery is to indicate the storage capacity of the battery by bold black and bottom lines.
  • the storage capacity of the batteries 1-6 is significantly different, which is also the actual condition of the battery.
  • the controller first detects the battery capacity of 1-6, that is, the battery voltage.
  • the controller controls the bypass switch of all the switching circuits to be turned off, and the series switch is turned on to measure the battery voltage of all the batteries, and then Selecting 5 of the batteries 1-6 to be used as the power supply.
  • the battery 1-5 is selected as the discharge circuit at the initial stage, and the battery 6 is used as the offline battery, which also indicates that the switching circuit of the battery 1-5 is connected.
  • the series switch is turned on, the bypass switch is turned off, but the battery 6 is at rest, and the series switch of the switching circuit that connects the battery 6 is turned off, and the bypass switch is turned on.
  • the controller detects the respective storage capacities of the batteries 1-5 in the discharge circuit and the storage capacity of the offline battery 6, and compares the storage capacities of the batteries 1-5 with the storage capacities of the offline batteries 6, respectively. Subsequently, when the result of comparing the storage capacity of the battery 1-5 with the storage capacity of the offline battery 6 conforms to the switching condition, it can be found that the storage capacity (minimum storage capacity) of the battery 5 is smaller than the storage capacity of the offline battery 6. And the difference between the minimum storage capacity and the storage capacity of the offline battery 6 reaches 0.1 Ah (predetermined value), and therefore, the controller judges that the result meets the switching condition. Therefore, the controller controls the switching operation of the battery 5 to be connected, so that the battery 5 becomes a new offline battery to temporarily rest the battery 5, and at the same time, the battery 6 (the original offline battery) is added to the discharge circuit.
  • the predetermined value of the previous period is set to 0.1 Ah
  • the predetermined value of the latter stage is set to 0.2 Ah. Therefore, it is easily understood in the art that the predetermined values may be the same or stepwise adjusted, and thus are not limited.
  • the controller continuously performs the above-described process to determine whether the storage capacity of each battery being discharged is lower than the offline battery, and whether the difference between the storage capacity of the offline battery and the minimum storage capacity meets a predetermined value.
  • the battery with the minimum storage capacity is switched to the new offline battery.
  • the switching circuit connecting the original offline battery is controlled by the controller, so that the original offline battery is added into the discharge circuit to achieve stable power supply and substantially balance the discharge of each battery. The purpose of the voltage. If it does not match, the controller does not switch.
  • the batteries 1-6 have an opportunity to become an off-line battery (the storage capacity is a thick black body and have a bottom line), and each battery is fully discharged.
  • the change in the storage battery error can be obtained from Table 1.
  • the storage capacity of the battery 1-6 is greatly different, but after the continuous discharge operation, the storage error value is gradually reduced, which also indicates the discharge. More balanced.
  • the controller detects that two or more batteries in the discharge circuit meet the switching conditions, the controller converts the battery to a new offline battery.
  • the operation and judgment logic of the charging application are almost the same as the discharge.
  • the difference is that the charging application is to gradually increase the storage capacity of the battery. Therefore, the condition for selecting the new offline battery is that the maximum storage capacity in the N-1 charging circuits exceeds.
  • the storage capacity of the offline battery, and the difference between the maximum storage capacity and the storage capacity of the offline battery corresponds to a predetermined value. Therefore, when used as a charging application, the charging voltages of the N batteries can also be stably increased to finally reach a substantially balanced state.
  • the power management system of the multi-cell battery of the present invention can be switched by the power control device to allow each battery to operate under stable conditions, thereby prolonging the battery usage time and achieving the balance of the charging and discharging capabilities of the battery.
  • the offline battery can be restored to normal before continuing to be used as a charging and discharging application to improve battery safety.
  • the switching conditions of the charging application or the discharging application are based on two conditions
  • the switching condition at the time of charging application may also be greater than the storage capacity of the offline battery.
  • the switching condition of the discharge application can also be switched when the minimum storage capacity is smaller than the storage capacity of the offline battery, and therefore, it is not limited to the two conditions.
  • the power management system of the multi-cell battery of the present invention can effectively distribute power through a plurality of batteries, and can also stably charge or discharge each battery through the control of the power control device. A balance of the storage capacity of each battery is reached.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

本发明的多节电池的电力管理系统，包括N个电池及一电源控制装置。N是正整数。电源控制装置将N-1个电池形成一充电/放电回路，且分别检测N个电池的个别蓄电容量。未被分配在充电/放电回路的该电池定义为一离线电池。在N-1个电池的各别蓄电容量分别与离线电池的蓄电容量相比较的结果符合一切换条件时，电源控制装置选择N-1个电池的其中一者自充电/放电回路中断开，并将离线电池加入充电/放电回路，被断开的该电池成为新离线电池。如此，多节电池的电力管理系统可以有效提升电池的使用效率，还可延长使用时间及电池寿命。

Description

多节电池的电力管理系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种多节电池装置，特别涉及一种多节电池的电力管理系统。
背景技术
电池被广泛应用于各式电子产品，且通常采用多节的电池结构，也就是串联或并联连接多个电池，以供应电子产品运作所需要的电力。
传统多节电池无论充电或放电都是同时对全部电池进行，但因为这些电池相互是连接在一起，因此，若其中一电池有异常时，异常例如过电压、低电压或损坏，将使得多节电池无法正常使用，或判定多节电池的功能失效。
再者，为了平衡多节电池的输出电压，通常需要额外的平衡电路，以使输出电压稳定。此外，一般多节电池的蓄电容量估算并不是在离线时进行，因此，容易受到电池内阻的影响，导致电池估算精确度较低。
发明公开
有鉴于上述缺失，本发明的目的在于提供一种多节电池的电力管理系统，其可提升电池使用时间及寿命，并减少传统平衡电路占用的空间及成本，更可平衡电池的充电及放电效率。
为达成上述目的，本发明的多节电池的电力管理系统包括N个电池及一电源控制装置。N是正整数。电源控制装置将N-1个电池形成一充电/放电回路，且分别检测N个电池的各别蓄电容量。未被分配在充电/放电回路的该电池定义为一离线电池。在N-1个电池的各别蓄电容量分别与离线电池的蓄电容量相比较的结果符合依切换条件时，电源控制装置选择N-1个电池的其中一者自充电/放电回路中断开，并将离线电池加入充电/放电回路，被断开的该电池成为新离线电池。
如此，本发明的多节电池的电力管理系统可以有效藉由多个电池来作供电分配，还可通过电源控制装置的控制让每个电池都能稳定的充电或放电，来达到每个电池的蓄电容量的平衡。
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细描述，但不作为对本发明 的限定。
附图简要说明
图1是本发明的多节电池的电力管理系统的组成方框图。
其中，附图标记：
10多节电池的电力管理系统   11、13端
31-36电池                  50电源控制装置
51-56切换电路              511-516串联开关
513-563旁路开关            57控制器
实现本发明的最佳方式
以下，兹配合各附图列举对应的较佳实施例来对本发明的多节电池的电力管理系统的组成构件及达成功效来作说明。然各图中多节电池的电力管理系统的构件、尺寸及外观仅用来说明本发明的技术特征，而非对本发明构成限制。
该图是本发明的多节电池的电力管理系统的组成方框图。本发明的多节电池的电力管理系统应用于一电力系统，电力系统可以是可携式电脑、手机、电动车、电动机车、可携式小家电等各种需要通过电池供电来运作的设备。
如图1所示，多节电池的电力管理系统10藉由两端11、13连接上述的电力系统，且包括六个电池31-36及一电源控制装置50。电源控制装置50是从六个电池31-36中选择5个电池31-35形成一充电/放电回路，且将分别检测六个电池31-36的各别蓄电容量，其中，未被分配在充电/放电回路中的电池36定义为离线电池。
应注意的是，传统电力系统的电池配置的总数量的总和电压等于电力系统所需的电压，也就是不会有额外的离线(闲置)电池，但本发明除了依据电力系统所需电量来配置对应电池外，还额外增加一个电池，因此，本实施例中N是6，N-1(等于5)个电池形成的充电/放电回路是电力系统所需要的电量，离线电池则可休息等待被分配。
虽然，本实施例中离线电池的数量是一个，但实务中，离线电池的数量也可以是两个或两个以上。当离线电池设计为两个或两个以上时，本领域之 人仍可通过本发明的说明理解电池总数量会增加，而充电/放电回路的电池数量应为N-2或N-X，X表示有两个以上的离线电池。
在五个电池31-35的各别蓄电容量分别与离线电池的蓄电容量相比较的结果符合一切换条件时，电源控制装置50选择五个电池31-35中的其中一者自充电/放电回路中断开，并将离线电池36加入该充电/放电回路，被断开的该电池成为新离线电池。
因为电源控制装置包含充电应用及放电应用，因此，切换条件也会随着充电应用及放电应用有所差异，差异请容后详述。
离线电池可有效使用勒沙特列原理(Le Chatelier's principle)，让电池的电压在休息时获得微量提升。又，将电池从充电/放电回路中断开(即离线电池)来作测量，可避免的电池的内阻造成电压测量误差，进而提高离线电池的蓄电容量估算精确性。
再者，无论充电或放电过程中，六个电池中的任一者若发生状况，例如过电压或低电压时，可藉由电源控制装置50检测到异常电池的状态，并让成为离线电池，可以提高多节电池的安全性。
请续参照图1，电源控制装置50包括六个切换电路51-56及一控制器57。切换电路51-56的数等于电池的数量，也就是权利要求中定义的N跟M都是代表数值6。六个切换电路51-56一对一连接六个电池31-36。控制器57连接六个切换电路51-56，且控制六个切换电路51-56形成充电/放电回路。换言之，控制器57有多个连接端口，来连接六个切换电路51-56，控制器57有多个连接端口这是本领域可理解，于此不做赘述。
每个切换电路51-56包括一串联开关511-561及一旁路开关513-563。串联开关511-561串联连接电池31-36，旁路开关513-563连接串联开关511-561及电池31-36，且与串联开关511-561及电池31-36形成并联连接。
其中，N及M都分别代表特定数值，因此，本领域人员能轻易理解数值是可改变的。切换电路的串联开关及旁路开关可以是晶体管、二极管或上述主动元件组成的电路。
充电/放电回路的形成是通过控制器控制该些切换电路。举例来说，当将充电/放电回路中的电池切换成新离线电池，且将原离线电池加入充电/放电回路中时，控制器可将连接新离线电池的切换电路的串联开关断开，且旁路 开关导通，这样新离线电池就不会被充电或放电，并将连接原离线电池的切换电路的串联开关导通，且旁路开关断开，以让原离线电池加入充电/放电回路中进行充电或放电。
上述的说明可知本发明的多节电池的电力管理系统的组成，随后详细说明放电应用及充电应用，及控制器的控制运作。其中，上述充电/放电回路，随后在放电应用时以放电回路来做说明，在充电应用时则以充电回路来说明，换言之，充电/放电回路是指可以作为充电应用或放电应用，而非同时做充电应用及放电应用。
放电应用中，如下表1，表中电池编号1-6是代表共六个电池，也就是说，电源控制装置也有六个切换电路。蓄电误差是随着电池的电力状态而动态监视电池1-6的最大蓄电容量与最小蓄电容量的差异。离线电池的表示是将电池的蓄电容量藉由粗黑体字及底线作标示。
初始时，电池1-6的蓄电容量都有明显差异，这也是电池的实际状况。控制器先检测1-6的电池容量，也就是电池电压，本实施例中，控制器是控制全部切换电路的旁路开关断开，且串联开关导通，以测量全部电池的电池电压，然后，选择电池1-6的其中5个电池来做供电电源，本实施例在初始时选择电池1-5作为放电回路，电池6作为离线电池，这也表示，连接电池1-5的切换电路的串联开关是导通，旁路开关是断开，但电池6是休息的，且连接电池6的切换电路的串联开关是断开，旁路开关是导通。
接着，控制器检测放电回路中电池1-5的各别蓄电容量的及离线电池6的蓄电容量，并分别比较电池1-5的蓄电容量与离线电池6的蓄电容量。随后在比较电池1-5的蓄电容量与离线电池6的蓄电容量相比较的结果符合切换条件时，可发现电池5的蓄电容量(最小蓄电容量)小于离线电池6的蓄电容量，且最小蓄电容量与离线电池6的蓄电容量的差值达到0.1Ah(预定值)，因此，控制器判断结果符合切换条件。所以，控制器控制连接电池5的切换开关动作，而使电池5成为新离线电池，以让电池5暂时休息，同时，电池6(原离线电池)加入放电回路中。
本实施例中，前期的预定值设定为0.1Ah，后段的预定值则设定为0.2Ah，因此，本领域容易理解，预定值可以都相同或逐步调整，故没有被限制。
如此，控制器连续执行上述的流程，以判断正在放电的每个电池的蓄电 容量是否低于离线电池，及检查离线电池的蓄电容量及最小蓄电容量的差值是否符合预定值，若符合，就将最小蓄电容量的电池切换成新离线电池，同时，通过控制器控制连接原离线电池的切换电路，以使原离线电池加入放电回路中，以达成稳定供电及大致平衡各电池放电电压的目的。若不符合，控制器则不做切换。
因此，从表1中可看出电池1-6都有成为离线电池(蓄电容量是粗黑体且有底线)的机会，而让每个电池充份放电。
此外，从表1中观察蓄电误差变化可得，在初始值时，电池1-6的蓄电容量差异很大，但经过连续的放电运作后，蓄电误差值逐渐缩小，这也表示放电更趋平衡。当控制器检测到放电回路中有两个或两个以上的电池符合切换条件时，控制器是择一电池转换为新离线电池。
表1
蓄电误差 电池1 电池2 电池3 电池4 电池5 电池6
初始值(Ah) 4.1 4 3.9 3.8 3.5 3.4
0.6Ah 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.4
0.5Ah 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2
0.4Ah 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.2
0.3Ah 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.0
0.3Ah 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.9 3.0
0.2Ah 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.8
0.2Ah 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.6
0.1Ah 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4
0.2Ah 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.4
0.2Ah 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2
0.1Ah 1.9 2.0 1.9 2 1.9 1.8
0.2Ah 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.8
0.2Ah 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6
充电应用的运作及判断逻辑与放电大致相同，不同的是充电应用是让电池的蓄电容量逐渐提高，因此，被选择成为新离线电池的条件是N-1个充电 回路中最大蓄电容量超过离线电池的蓄电容量者，且最大蓄电容量与离线电池的蓄电容量的差值符合预定值。所以，当作为充电应用时，N个电池的充电电压也可以被稳定的增加而最终达到大致平衡的状态。
如此，本发明的多节电池的电力管理系统可通过电源控制装置切换而让每个电池能在稳定的条件下进行工作，来延长电池的使用时间，及达到平衡电池的充电及放电能力。特别能让离线电池回复正常后才继续作为充电及放电应用，以提高电池的安全性。
此外，虽然上述实施例中，无论充电应用或放电应用的切换条件都以两个状况来做基准，但实际上，充电应用时的切换条件也可以在最大蓄电容量大于离线电池的蓄电容量就切换，放电应用的切换条件也可以在最小蓄电容量小于离线电池的蓄电容量就切换，因此，不以两个状况都符合为限。
最后，强调，本发明于前揭实施例中所揭露的构成元件，仅为举例说明，并非用来限制本案之范围，其他等效元件的替代或变化，亦应为本案的申请专利范围所涵盖。
工业应用性
相较于现有技术，本发明的多节电池的电力管理系统可以有效藉由多个电池来作供电分配，还可通过电源控制装置的控制让每个电池都能稳定的充电或放电，来达到每个的电池的蓄电容量的平衡。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种多节电池的电力管理系统，供使用在一具有N个电池的充/放电系统，N为正整数，其特征在于，包括：
    多个切换电路，用以使该N个电池中的N-X个电池形成一充电/放电回路，X为正整数，且使其余X个电池离线于该充电/放电回路而作为离线电池；及
    一控制器，用以检测各电池的电性，并将该等N-X个电池各别与该X个离线电池相比较，而将符合一切换条件的X个电池，自该充电/放电回路中离线而成为新离线电池，并将该X个已离线电池加入该充电/放电回路，而使该N个电池于系统运作时维持该N-X个电池于充/放电回路。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的多节电池的电力管理系统，其特征在于，该多个切换电路包括M个切换电路，M为正整数，且等于N，该M个切换电路一对一连接该N个电池，该控制器连接该M个切换电路，且控制该M个切换电路形成该充电/放电回路。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的多节电池的电力管理系统，其特征在于，每个切换电路包括一串联开关及一旁路开关，该串联开关系串联连接该电池，该旁路开关系连接该串联开关及该电池，且与该串联开关及该电池形成并连连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的多节电池的电力管理系统，其特征在于，在放电时，该切换条件是该N-X个电池中蓄电容量最少的X个电池的蓄电容量小于该X个离线电池的蓄电容量。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的多节电池的电力管理系统，其特征在于，该切换条件还包括该X个电池的蓄电容量与该X个离线电池的蓄电容量的差值符合一预定值。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的多节电池的电力管理系统，其特征在于，在充电时，该切换条件是该至多N-X个电池中蓄电容量最大的X个电池的蓄电容量大于该X个离线电池的蓄电容量。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的多节电池的电力管理系统，其特征在于，该切换条件还包括该X个电池的蓄电容量与该X个离线电池的蓄电容量的差值符 合一预定值。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的多节电池的电力管理系统，其特征在于，在放电时，该切换条件是指该N-X个电池中电压最少的X个电池的电压小于该X个离线电池的电压。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的多节电池的电力管理系统，其特征在于，在充电时，该切换条件是指该N-X个电池中电压最大的X个电池的电压大于该X个离线电池的电压。
  10. 一种多节电池的电力管理系统，其特征在于，包括：N个电池，N为正整数；以及，权利要求1所述的该多个切换电路及该控制器。
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