WO2019001407A1 - 下载控制方法及装置、多媒体终端、计算机存储介质 - Google Patents

下载控制方法及装置、多媒体终端、计算机存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019001407A1
WO2019001407A1 PCT/CN2018/092797 CN2018092797W WO2019001407A1 WO 2019001407 A1 WO2019001407 A1 WO 2019001407A1 CN 2018092797 W CN2018092797 W CN 2018092797W WO 2019001407 A1 WO2019001407 A1 WO 2019001407A1
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rate
download
source
slice
current
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PCT/CN2018/092797
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English (en)
French (fr)
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黄建
陈洲
章鹏
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2019001407A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019001407A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/40—Network security protocols
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
    • H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
    • H04N21/845—Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
    • H04N21/8456—Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments by decomposing the content in the time domain, e.g. in time segments
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/238—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/238—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
    • H04N21/23805—Controlling the feeding rate to the network, e.g. by controlling the video pump
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • H04N21/266—Channel or content management, e.g. generation and management of keys and entitlement messages in a conditional access system, merging a VOD unicast channel into a multicast channel
    • H04N21/2662—Controlling the complexity of the video stream, e.g. by scaling the resolution or bitrate of the video stream based on the client capabilities
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/438—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network originating from a server, e.g. retrieving encoded video stream packets from an IP network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
    • H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
    • H04N21/845—Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of audio and video playback technologies, and in particular, to a download control method and apparatus, and a multimedia terminal.
  • OTT Over The Top
  • HLS HTTP Live Streaming, dynamic rate adaptation technology proposed by Apple
  • DASH Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP
  • HSS HTTP Smooth Streaming
  • the commonality of these protocols is that the source of the chip is encoded into a plurality of bit rate source sources, and then the chip sources of various code rates are respectively sliced into a plurality of fixed-length segments, and the same sequence number is used in the chip sources of different code rates.
  • the shards correspond to the same video content, and the index file describes the information of each shard in detail, which is used to guide the player how to play each shard.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a download control method, including the steps of: acquiring a real-time download rate of a slice source fragment that downloads a current code rate; and downloading the acquired download rate corresponding to a code rate of a currently downloaded slice source.
  • the speed limit threshold is compared; when the acquired real-time download rate is greater than the rate limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the code rate of the currently downloaded source, the download rate is limited until the download rate is less than or equal to the currently downloaded source.
  • the rate limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the code rate is
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a download control apparatus, including: an obtaining module configured to acquire a real-time download rate during downloading a slice source slice; and a comparison module configured to acquire the obtained real-time download rate and The speed limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the code rate of the currently downloaded source is compared; the processing module is configured to: when the acquired real-time download rate is greater than the speed limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the currently downloaded source source, The download rate is limited until the download rate is less than or equal to the rate limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the code rate of the currently downloaded slice source.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a multimedia terminal, comprising: a memory configured to store a download control program; and a processor configured to execute a download control program stored in the memory to implement the download control method described above.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a computer storage medium having stored therein computer executable instructions that are executed by a computer to perform the download control method described above.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fragment structure of a chip source
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a download control method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is another schematic flowchart of a download control method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a download control apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a multimedia terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the fragmentation structure of a chip source.
  • the index file includes a primary index and a plurality of secondary indexes.
  • the primary index points to multiple adaptive stream media sources of different code rates, and the secondary index points to an adaptive streaming media slice corresponding to the code rate.
  • the fragmentation of the source is not limited to any one of the code rates.
  • the actual download rate of the current code rate source fragment is detected, if the actual download rate of the current code rate source fragment is higher than the adjacent high code rate source.
  • the code source is switched to the adjacent high code rate source to download the next slice, if the actual download rate of the current code rate slice source is lower than the current slice source code. Rate, after downloading the current slice, switch to the adjacent low bit rate source to download the next slice.
  • the network condition shown as the real-time actual download rate
  • it can be switched to the source of the optimal code rate for downloading, so that the playback fluency and the video picture clarity and/or Or the best quality playback in terms of audio quality.
  • the download rate of the terminal may be high during a certain period of time, and the highest download rate may be several times higher than the encoding rate of the currently downloaded source itself, but in theory, as long as the actual When the download rate reaches the encoding rate of the source, the smooth playback of the source of the code rate can be realized. Therefore, the excessive download rate only occupies the network bandwidth resources, causing other users in the same network environment to be affected, instead of Substantial assistance in obtaining video picture clarity and/or audio quality.
  • the unsteadyness of the download code stream curve may cause an error in the state parameters of the probe acquisition and play, and affect the normal play of the audio and/or video.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a download control method that describes a download policy of a terminal, can avoid the problem of excessively occupying network broadband resources, and can ensure normal play of audio and/or video.
  • FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of a download control method of an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 2, the download control method includes steps S21 to S23.
  • the download rate may be an average download rate for downloading the current slice, that is, an average download rate from a time period from the download of the current slice to the current time.
  • the download rate at any time can be calculated.
  • the real-time download rate when the real-time download rate is obtained in the foregoing manner, the amount of the source fragment that has been downloaded at the current moment needs to be collected, and the collection may be performed in any manner, for example, by detecting the throughput of the network port of the terminal in real time. Acquisition, no restrictions here.
  • the real-time download rate can be obtained according to a preset time interval. For example, when the current playback time of the slice source is 2 ms, the current download can be obtained every 0.01 ms, 0.1 ms, or 0.2 ms. Rate, through this high-frequency, high-accuracy acquisition, and through the subsequent steps S22 and S23 to control the download rate, the download rate can be controlled very accurately, which can well solve the excessive occupation caused by not downloading the rate limit. Network broadband resources are not conducive to the normal use of other users in the same network environment or other applications of the same terminal.
  • the rate limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the code rate of the currently downloaded slice source is obtained, for example, by referring to the preset correspondence table, and then the acquired real-time download rate and the acquired download rate limit are obtained.
  • the speed threshold is compared.
  • Table 1 shows the correspondence between the preset slice source rate and the rate limit threshold of the download rate.
  • Code rate Rate limit threshold for download rate 128kbps 40KB/s 256kbps 70KB/s 512kbps 80KB/s
  • the source code of the currently downloaded source is 128 kbps
  • the download rate of downloading the source fragment is 60 KB/s at a certain time.
  • the speed threshold is 40 KB/s. Therefore, the obtained download rate of 60 KB/s is compared with the speed limit threshold of 40 KB/s corresponding to the download rate of the slice source. It can be seen that the obtained download rate is 60 KB/s, which is larger than the corresponding source.
  • the rate limit threshold for downloading is 40KB/s.
  • the rate limit of the download rate of the source is greater than the smooth playback rate of the source, and the smooth playback rate of the source is the minimum download rate of the source.
  • the source of the same bit rate corresponds to a unique smooth playback rate.
  • smooth playback of the source can be achieved. That is, the download rate reaches the minimum download rate of the smooth playback source, and the smooth playback of the source can be realized. In this case, the source can be smoothly played without occupying additional network broadband resources, thereby maximizing network bandwidth resources. .
  • Table 2 shows the correspondence between the code rate of the source, the smooth playback rate, and the rate limit threshold of the download rate.
  • Rate limit threshold for download rate 128kbps 16KB/s 40KB/s 256kbps 32KB/s 70KB/s 512kbps 64KB/s 80KB/s
  • the rate limit of the download rate of the source is greater than the smooth rate corresponding to the code rate of the source, so as to ensure that the source is smoothly downloaded and played.
  • the value of the rate limit and the rate limit threshold of the corresponding download rate are only used as an example. In the actual application scenario, the code rate shown above and the corresponding download rate limit are not limited. The value of the speed threshold, the technical solution provided by this embodiment can be applied to the source of other code rates.
  • the download when the current download rate is greater than the rate limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the code rate of the currently downloaded slice source, the download is suspended, thereby indirectly limiting the download rate until the download rate is less than or equal to the currently downloaded slice.
  • the download rate is restarted when the rate limit of the download rate of the source corresponds to the rate limit threshold, so that the download rate is maintained near the rate limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the code rate of the currently downloaded source (slightly greater than, equal to, or slightly less than ).
  • v total download time
  • v ie, the download rate
  • the download is paused according to the preset pause time length, and when the preset pause time length is passed, the current download rate is calculated, and it is determined that the current download rate is still greater than the currently downloaded source.
  • the preset pause time length is suspended again until the current download rate is less than or equal to the speed limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the code rate of the currently downloaded slice source, and then the download is restarted. .
  • the download rate is still greater than the speed limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the currently downloaded slice source rate, so pause for 0.5s again. After 0.5s, judge the download again.
  • the download rate is equal to the speed limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the currently downloaded slice source rate of 5KB/s, so the rest of the downloaded slice is restarted. 10KB capacity.
  • the actual required pause time length is calculated according to the preset rule, and the download is restarted when the actual required pause time length is passed.
  • the preset rule is the amount of the currently downloaded slice.
  • the time limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the slice source of the slice is subtracted from the time length from the start of downloading the slice to the current time.
  • the amount of fragments that have been downloaded currently is 0.1 KB (assuming that the total number of fragments is 0.5 KB), and the total length of time from the start of downloading the fragment to the current time is 1 ms (1 ms is equal to 0.001 s),
  • the rate limit of the download rate corresponding to the source of the fragment is 80 KB/s.
  • the download rate is equal to the download rate of the currently downloaded slice source rate.
  • the rate limit is 80KB/s.
  • the second way of calculating the pause time is to avoid the multiple pauses and the multiple calculations of the download rate while reaching the speed limit threshold of the corresponding download rate, compared to the first way of calculating the pause time.
  • source sources may be encoded at different code rates, for example, the source P may be encoded at two different code rates as shown in Table 3.
  • the corresponding sampling rate can be adopted to form a slice source of the corresponding code rate.
  • the higher the sampling rate the closer the encoded file is to the original.
  • the slice sources of each code rate are sliced according to a fixed duration to obtain a slice source slice of each code rate.
  • the content of the slice of the same slice number is the same (of course, since the sample rate of the low-rate slice source and the high-rate slice source is different, the image and/or audio are The quality is different).
  • the contents of the source fragment 11 and the source fragment 21 should be the same, and the contents of the source fragment 12 and the source fragment 22 should be the same, the source fragment 13 and the source fragment.
  • the content of 23 should be the same.
  • the source of the 16 kbps code rate in Table 4 is not limited to including only three slices of slice 11, slice 12, and slice 13, and may include more or fewer slices.
  • the rate limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the code rate of the slice source may be set to be greater than or equal to the smooth play rate of the corresponding slice source of the higher level code rate adjacent to the current code rate.
  • the current first-order code rate adjacent to the current code rate is not necessarily a theoretically adjacent high-order code rate (for example, a theoretical adjacent code rate of 16 kbps is 32 kbps), but should be based on actual existence.
  • the code rate of the slice source is determined. Referring to Table 4, it is assumed that the slice source P is only encoded at two code rates of 16 kbps and 64 kbps. At this time, the high-order code rate adjacent to the code rate of 16 kbps is a code rate of 64 kbps instead of a code rate of 32 kbps.
  • the rate limit threshold (10 KB/s) of the download rate of the source P of the code rate of 16 kbps is set to be slightly larger than the smooth playback rate of the source P of the bit rate of 64 kbps 8 KB/s, thus, at the network speed
  • the download rate of the fragment that downloads the source P can be well guaranteed to reach 8 KB/s, that is, the source of the 64 kbps source can be achieved when the network speed allows.
  • the shards are downloaded.
  • the slice 22 is selected for download ( The content of the slice 22 is the same as the content of the slice 12) to achieve smooth playback of the slice source P.
  • the rate limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the chip source of the highest code rate is set to be greater than the highest code.
  • the download rate of the source is limited to the rate limit of the download rate corresponding to the code rate of the source, ensuring normal rate switching and avoiding excessive use during the download process. The problem of network bandwidth resources.
  • a real-time download rate of a slice source fragment that downloads a current code rate is obtained, and a rate limit threshold of a download rate corresponding to a code rate of a currently downloaded slice source is obtained.
  • the download rate is limited until the download rate is less than or equal to the download rate corresponding to the code rate of the currently downloaded slice source.
  • the rate limit threshold is set by setting the rate limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the source code rate to be greater than the smooth playback rate of the source of the code rate, and the terminal can be well restricted in the case that the terminal can be normally downloaded and played smoothly.
  • the download rate of downloading source fragments is not too high, which can solve the problem of excessively occupying network broadband resources and avoid the influence of other users in the same network environment.
  • the rate limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the code rate of the currently downloaded source may be set to be greater than or equal to the smooth playback rate of the source source of the higher level code rate adjacent to the code rate, thereby ensuring downloading in the source.
  • the code rate can be switched freely, and the download stream is smoothed, and the peak or trough of the downloaded code stream curve is avoided, which can effectively reduce the impact on the probe collection and playback function.
  • FIG. 3 shows another flow diagram of a download control method of an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the download control method includes the following steps S301 to S318.
  • the source of the live broadcast of the network is encoded at three code rates of VL (low code rate), VM (medium code rate), and VH (high code rate), and the user passes through the terminal (eg, mobile phone, network).
  • VL low code rate
  • VM medium code rate
  • VH high code rate
  • the user passes through the terminal eg, mobile phone, network.
  • the TV, etc. starts to watch, that is, the broadcast stage
  • the source of the rate is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the source code fragment of the low code rate (VL) is first downloaded.
  • the correspondence between the preset chip source rate and the rate limit threshold of the download rate is as shown in Table 5.
  • the rate limit threshold of the download rate corresponding thereto is 1.1 VM, and thus the download rate of the control slice source is less than or equal to 1.1 VM.
  • the rate limit threshold of the download rate set in this embodiment can ensure normal downloading and smooth playback of each code rate chip source, and does not excessively occupy network broadband resources, and can implement switching download of different code rate sources during the download process (for example, When the download rate of the source code fragment of the low bit rate VL is downloaded between the VM and the 1.1VM, the source of the medium code rate VM is downloaded for download when the next slice is downloaded.
  • step S302 For the specific implementation process of step S302, refer to the detailed description of steps S22 and S23, and details are not described herein again.
  • step S303 It is judged whether the currently downloaded source code rate of the VL source fragment is completed. If the download is completed, the process goes to step S304. If the download has not been completed, the process returns to step S301.
  • step S304 Determine whether the download rate of the source fragment of the download code rate VL reaches the VM (the smooth playback rate of the adjacent high-level code rate source), and if the download rate of the source fragment of the download rate VL reaches If it is VM, the process goes to step S305. If the download rate of the source patch of the download code rate VL does not reach the VM, the process goes to step S306.
  • the download code rate is the next slice of the corresponding slice source of the VM.
  • step S301 After downloading the slice source fragment with the code rate VL downloaded in step S301, if the download rate of downloading the slice reaches the VM (between VM and 1.1 VM), then switching to the code rate is VM. The corresponding source is downloaded to download the next slice to improve the quality of the video and/or audio.
  • the download rate is controlled to be less than or equal to 1.1 VH.
  • step S308 It is judged whether the currently downloaded code rate is the completion of the download of the source fragment of the VM. If the download is completed, the process goes to step S309, and if the download has not been completed, the process returns to step S305.
  • step S309 determining whether the download rate of the source code fragment of the VM reaches VH. If the download rate of the source fragment of the VM is VH, the process proceeds to step S310, and if the download rate is VM. If the download rate of the source fragment does not reach VH, the process goes to step S311.
  • step S305 after downloading the code source downloaded in step S305 as the source fragment of the VM, if the download rate of downloading the slice reaches VH (the smooth playback rate of the adjacent high-order code rate source), then Switch to the corresponding source of the code rate VH to download the next slice.
  • VH the smooth playback rate of the adjacent high-order code rate source
  • step S311 Determine whether the download rate of the source code fragment of the VM reaches the VM. If the download rate of the source fragment of the VM reaches the VM, the process proceeds to step S312, if the download rate is VM. If the download rate of the source fragment does not reach the VM, the process goes to step S313.
  • the download code rate is the next slice of the corresponding slice source of the VM.
  • step S315 It is judged whether the currently downloaded source code of the VH source fragment is completed. If the download is completed, the process goes to step S316. If the download has not been completed, the process returns to step S310.
  • step S316 Determine whether the download rate of the source fragment of the download code rate VH reaches VH. If the download rate of the source fragment of the download code rate VH reaches VH, then go to step S317, if the download rate is VH. If the download rate of the source fragment does not reach VH, then go to step S318.
  • the download code rate is the next slice of the corresponding slice source of the VM.
  • the download rate of the source fragment of the download code rate VH reaches VH (between VH and 1.2VH)
  • the next slice of the corresponding source of the code rate VH is continuously downloaded, if the download rate is If the download rate of the VH source fragment does not reach VH, switch to the corresponding source of the VM rate to download the next slice to ensure the smoothness of playback.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a download control apparatus for implementing the above-described download control method.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the structure of a download control device of an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the download control device 40 includes an acquisition module 41, a comparison module 42, and a processing module 43.
  • the obtaining module 41 is configured to obtain a real-time download rate during the process of downloading the source fragment, and the download rate may be an average download rate from the time when the source fragment is downloaded to the current time.
  • the obtaining module 41 may obtain an average download rate for downloading the source fragment by dividing the amount of the slice source that has been downloaded currently by the duration of the period from the start of downloading the source fragment to the current time. It should be understood that the obtaining module 41 can obtain the amount of the slice source fragments that have been downloaded currently by detecting the throughput of the network port of the terminal in real time, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. In addition, the method can be used to obtain the real-time download rate, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the obtaining module 41 can obtain the real-time download rate according to the preset time interval. For example, if the currently downloaded source fragment is played for 10 ms, the current download rate can be obtained every 0.01 ms, 0.1 ms, or 0.5 ms. Through such high-frequency, high-accuracy acquisition, and controlling the download rate through subsequent steps, the download rate can be controlled very accurately, so that the excessive use of network broadband resources caused by the download rate limitation can be well solved without Conducive to the normal use of other users in the same network environment or other applications of the same terminal.
  • the comparison module 42 is configured to compare the real-time download rate acquired by the acquisition module 41 with a rate limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the code rate of the currently downloaded slice source.
  • the rate limit of the download rate of the source is greater than the smooth playback rate of the source. It should be noted that the smooth playback rate is the minimum download rate for playing the source smoothly, that is, the download rate corresponding to the code rate of the source.
  • the speed limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the code rate of the currently downloaded slice source is obtained by referring to the preset correspondence table, and then the obtained real-time download rate is compared with the obtained rate limit threshold of the download rate.
  • the rate limit of the download rate of the source is greater than the smooth playback rate of the source, and the smooth playback rate of the source is the minimum download rate of the source.
  • the source of the same bit rate corresponds to a unique smooth playback rate.
  • the smooth playback of the source can be achieved, that is, the download rate reaches the minimum of the smooth playback source.
  • the download rate can realize the smooth playback of the source. In this case, the source can be played smoothly without occupying extra network bandwidth resources, and the network broadband resources can be saved to the utmost.
  • the processing module 43 is configured to limit the download rate until the download rate is less than or equal to the code of the currently downloaded source when the acquired real-time download rate is greater than the rate limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the currently downloaded slice source.
  • the rate limit threshold for the download rate corresponding to the rate is configured to limit the download rate until the download rate is less than or equal to the code of the currently downloaded source when the acquired real-time download rate is greater than the rate limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the currently downloaded slice source.
  • the download when the current download rate is greater than the rate limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the code rate of the currently downloaded slice source, the download is suspended, thereby indirectly limiting the download rate until the download rate is less than or equal to the currently downloaded slice.
  • the download rate is restarted when the rate limit of the download rate corresponding to the source code rate is restarted, so that the download rate is maintained near the rate limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the code rate of the currently downloaded slice source.
  • the download may be paused according to the preset pause time length (for example, the pause time length flexibly set according to the simulation result), after the preset When the time length is suspended, the current download rate is calculated.
  • the preset pause time is suspended again until the current download. The download is restarted when the rate is less than or equal to the rate limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the code rate of the currently downloaded slice source.
  • the actual required pause time length may also be calculated according to a preset rule, and the download may be restarted when the actually required pause time length is passed.
  • the preset rule is the rate limit of the currently downloaded slice divided by the rate limit of the download rate corresponding to the slice source of the slice, and subtracts the length of time from the start of downloading the slice to the current time.
  • the rate limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the code rate of the slice source may be set to be greater than or equal to the smooth play rate of the corresponding slice source of the higher level code rate adjacent to the current code rate.
  • the rate limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the chip source of the highest code rate is set to be greater than the highest code.
  • the download rate of the source is limited to the rate limit of the download rate corresponding to the code rate of the source, ensuring normal rate switching and avoiding excessive use during the download process. The problem of network bandwidth resources.
  • the processing module 43 is further configured to detect an actual download rate of the source fragment of the current code rate, if the actual download rate of the current source rate of the slice source is higher than that of the adjacent high-level source. Rate, after downloading the current slice, switch to the adjacent high-order code rate source to download the next slice.
  • the processing module 43 is further configured to: detect an actual download rate of the source fragment of the current code rate, and if the actual download rate of the current source rate of the slice source is lower than the smooth playback rate of the current source, the current score is downloaded. After the slice, switch to the adjacent low-order code rate source to download the next slice.
  • the obtaining module 41, the comparing module 42 and the processing module 43 can be implemented by a processor or a controller or the like.
  • the download control apparatus 40 provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes an acquisition module 41, a comparison module 42 and a processing module 43.
  • the acquisition module 41 is configured to acquire a real-time download rate in the process of downloading the source fragment
  • the comparison module 42 is configured to The real-time download rate obtained by the obtaining module 41 is compared with the rate limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the code rate of the currently downloaded slice source
  • the processing module 43 is configured to: when the acquired real-time download rate is greater than the currently downloaded source code
  • the rate limit threshold of the download rate is the same, the download rate is limited until the download rate is less than or equal to the speed limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the code rate of the currently downloaded slice source, and the processing module 43 is further configured to detect the download current code.
  • Rate the actual download rate of the source fragment. If the actual download rate of the current source rate fragment is higher than the smooth playback rate of the adjacent high-order source, then switch to the current fragment after downloading the current fragment. Adjacent high-level code rate source to download the next next slice, if the actual download rate of the current code rate source fragment is lower than the current broadcast of the current source After the current rate is downloaded, the current fragment is downloaded, and the adjacent low-level code rate source is downloaded to download the next fragment, so that the code rate can be freely switched during the source download process, and the guarantee is also guaranteed.
  • the downloading of the code stream is gentle, avoiding the occurrence of peaks or troughs in the downloaded code stream curve, and can effectively reduce the influence on the probe collection and playback function.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of a multimedia terminal of an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the multimedia terminal 50 includes a memory 51 configured to store a download control program, and a processor 52 configured to execute a download control program stored in the memory 51 to implement downloading of an embodiment of the present disclosure. Control Method.
  • the processor 52 executes the download control program stored in the memory 51 to perform the steps of: acquiring a real-time download rate of the slice source slice downloading the current code rate; and obtaining the downloaded download rate and the code rate of the currently downloaded slice source. Comparing the rate limit thresholds of the corresponding download rates, when the acquired real-time download rate is greater than the rate limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the code rate of the currently downloaded slice source, limiting the download rate until the download rate is less than or equal to the current The rate limit of the download rate corresponding to the code rate of the downloaded source.
  • the processor 52 executes the download control program stored in the memory 51 to perform the step of suspending when the acquired real-time download rate is greater than the rate limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the code rate of the currently downloaded slice source. Downloading, thereby indirectly limiting the download rate, and restarting the download until the download rate is less than or equal to the rate limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the code rate of the currently downloaded slice source.
  • the processor 52 executes the download control program stored in the memory 51 to perform the steps of: suspending the download according to the preset pause time length, and calculating the current download rate when the preset pause time length elapses, When it is determined that the current download rate is still greater than the rate limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the code rate of the currently downloaded slice source, the preset pause time length is suspended again until the current download rate is less than or equal to the code rate of the currently downloaded slice source. Restart the download when the rate limit threshold of the download rate is reached.
  • the processor 52 executes the download control program stored in the memory 51 to perform the steps of: calculating the actually required pause time length according to a preset rule, and restarting the download when the actual required pause time length elapses.
  • the preset rule is that the amount of the currently downloaded slice is divided by the speed limit threshold of the download rate corresponding to the slice source of the slice, and the length of time from the start of downloading the slice to the current time is subtracted.
  • the rate limit of the download rate corresponding to the code rate of the source of the chip source is greater than or equal to the smooth play rate of the source of the higher code rate adjacent to the current code rate, and the download rate corresponding to the source of the highest code rate.
  • the rate limit threshold is greater than the smooth playback rate of the source of the highest code rate.
  • the processor 52 executes the download control program stored in the memory 51 to perform the steps of detecting the actual download rate of the current code rate slice source slice if the actual download rate of the current code rate slice source slice is high. After the current slicing is downloaded, the adjacent high-level code rate source is downloaded to download the next slice.
  • the processor 52 executes the download control program stored in the memory 51 to perform the steps of detecting the actual download rate of the current code rate slice source slice if the actual download rate of the current code rate slice source slice is low. After the current slice rate is downloaded, the current slice is downloaded, and the adjacent low-level code rate source is switched to download the next slice.
  • the multimedia terminal 50 includes, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a set top box, a tablet computer, a network television, and the like.
  • the multimedia terminal 50 provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a memory 51 configured to store a download control program, and a processor 52 configured to execute a download control program stored in the memory 51 to implement an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the download control method solves the problem of excessively occupying network broadband resources, avoids the influence on the use of other users in the same network environment, ensures that the code rate can be freely switched during the source download process, and also helps to ensure the download code.
  • the smoothness of the flow avoids the occurrence of peaks or troughs in the download stream curve, which can effectively reduce the impact on the probe capture and playback function.
  • modules or steps of the above-described embodiments can be implemented with a general-purpose computing device that can be centralized on a single computing device or distributed across a network of multiple computing devices.
  • the modules or steps of the above embodiments may be implemented by program code executable by the computing device, such that they may be stored by a computing device in a computer storage medium (ROM/RAM, disk, optical disk).
  • ROM/RAM read-only memory
  • disk disk
  • optical disk optical disk
  • each module or step of the embodiments of the present disclosure may be separately fabricated into individual integrated circuit modules, or a plurality of modules or steps of the embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented as a single integrated circuit module.
  • the present disclosure is not limited to any particular combination of hardware and software.

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Abstract

本公开的实施例提供一种下载控制方法、一种下载控制装置、一种多媒体终端以及一种计算机存储介质，所述下载控制方法包括步骤：获取下载当前码率的片源分片的实时的下载速率；将获取的下载速率与当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值进行比较；当获取的实时的下载速率大于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值时，限制下载速率，直到所述下载速率小于或等于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值。

Description

下载控制方法及装置、多媒体终端、计算机存储介质 技术领域
本公开涉及音频及视频播放技术领域，尤其涉及下载控制方法及装置、多媒体终端。
背景技术
随着移动互联网的迅猛发展、OTT(Over The Top，互联网公司越过运营商而基于开放互联网提供各种应用服务)业务的推广以及各种智能终端设备的出现，例如通过手机、掌上电脑、机顶盒等终端在线收看视频和/或收听音频成为人们越来越普遍的休闲娱乐方式。目前主流的OTT业务是基于HLS(HTTP Live Streaming，由Apple公司提出的动态码率自适应技术)协议、DASH(Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP)协议或者HSS(HTTP Smooth Streaming)协议来实现的。这些协议的共同点都是将片源编码成多个码率的片源，然后将各种码率的片源分别切割成若干个固定时长的分片，不同码率的片源中相同序号的分片对应相同的视频内容，索引文件详细描述每个分片的信息，用于指导播放器如何播放各分片。
公开内容
本公开的实施例提供一种下载控制方法，包括步骤：获取下载当前码率的片源分片的实时的下载速率；将获取的下载速率与当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值进行比较；当获取的实时的下载速率大于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值时，限制下载速率，直到所述下载速率小于或等于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值。
本公开的实施例还提供一种下载控制装置，包括：获取模块，配置为在下载片源分片的过程中，获取实时的下载速率；比较模块， 配置为将获取到的实时的下载速率与当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值进行比较；处理模块，配置为当获取的实时的下载速率大于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值时，限制下载速率，直到所述下载速率小于或等于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值。
本公开的实施例还提供一种多媒体终端，包括：存储器，配置为存储下载控制程序；处理器，配置为执行所述存储器中存储的下载控制程序，以实现上述的下载控制方法。
本公开的实施例还提供一种计算机存储介质，所述计算机存储介质中存储有计算机可执行指令，所述计算机可执行指令被计算机执行来执行上述的下载控制方法。
附图说明
图1为片源的分片结构示意图；
图2为本公开的实施例的下载控制方法的一种流程示意图；
图3为本公开的实施例的下载控制方法的另一种流程示意图；
图4为本公开的实施例的下载控制装置的结构示意图；
图5为本公开的实施例的多媒体终端的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式结合附图对本公开的实施例的技术方案作进一步详细说明。
图1示出了片源的分片结构示意图。如图1所示，索引文件包括一个一级索引和多个二级索引，一级索引指向多个不同码率的自适应流媒体片源，二级索引指向对应码率的自适应流媒体片源的分片。
以基于HLS协议下载片源为例，下载过程中，检测下载当前码率片源分片的实际下载速率，如果当前码率片源分片的实际下载速率高于相邻高码率片源的编码码率，则下载完当前分片后，切换到该相邻高码率的片源来下载下一分片，如果当前码率片源分片的实际下载速率低于当前片源的编码码率，则下载完当前分片后，切换到相邻低 码率的片源来下载下一分片。
利用上述下载机制，一旦检测到网络状况(体现为实时的实际下载速率)发生改变，能够及时切换到最优码率的片源进行下载，从而能够在播放流畅度、以及视频画面清晰度和/或音频质量方面实现最佳的播放效果。
然而，HLS协议、DASH协议和HSS协议均没有对终端的下载策略进行描述。因此，在网络状况比较好的情况下，会出现在某个时段终端的下载速率很高，最高的下载速率可能会比当前下载的片源本身的编码码率高好几倍，而理论上只要实际下载速率达到片源的编码码率，就可以实现该码率片源的流畅播放，因此过高的下载速率只会占用网络带宽资源，导致同一网络环境下的其他用户受到影响，而不会对获得的视频画面清晰度和/或音频质量方面产生实质性帮助。此外，在下载终端为安装探针设备的多媒体终端(例如机顶盒)的情况下，下载码流曲线的不平稳会导致探针采集播放的状态参数出现误差，影响音频和/或视频的正常播放。
本公开的实施例提供一种下载控制方法，其对终端的下载策略进行了描述，能够避免过分占用网络宽带资源的问题，并且能够确保音频和/或视频的正常播放。
图2示出了本公开的实施例的下载控制方法的一种流程示意图。如图2所示，所述下载控制方法包括步骤S21至S23。
S21：获取下载当前码率的片源分片的实时的下载速率。
本实施例中，下载速率可以为下载当前分片的平均下载速率，即，从下载当前分片开始到当前时刻的时间段内的平均下载速率。例如，终端当前正在下载片源分片X1且从t1＝0时刻开始下载，假设在t2＝1ms时刻获取当前的下载速率，则可以将t2时刻已经下载的片源分片X1的量m1除以下载所用的时间(即t2-t1＝1ms)来得到t2时刻的下载速率V2，即V2＝m1/(t2-t1)。通过上述方式，可以算出任一时刻的下载速率，例如，t3＝2.5ms时刻的下载速率为V3＝m2/(t3-t1)，这里假设t3时刻已经下载的片源分片X1的量为 m2。
应当理解的是，采用上述方式获取实时的下载速率时，需要采集当前时刻已经下载的片源分片的量，可以采用任意方式进行采集，例如，可以通过实时检测终端的网络端口的吞吐量进行采集，在此不做限制。
本实施例中，获取实时的下载速率可以根据预设时间间隔进行，例如在当前片源分片的播放时长为2ms时，可以每间隔0.01ms、0.1ms、或0.2ms等获取一次当前的下载速率，通过这种高频率、高精度的采集，并通过后续步骤S22和S23来控制下载速率，能够十分精确地控制下载速率，从而可以很好地解决不进行下载速率限制所带来的过分占用网络宽带资源而不利于同一网络环境下的其他用户或者同一终端的其他应用的正常使用的问题。
S22：将获取的下载速率与当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值进行比较。
本实施例中，例如通过参照预设的对应关系表，获取与当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值，然后，将获取的实时的下载速率与获取的下载速率的限速阈值进行比较。例如，表1示出了预设的片源码率与下载速率的限速阈值的对应关系。
表1
码率 下载速率的限速阈值
128kbps 40KB/s
256kbps 70KB/s
512kbps 80KB/s
假设当前正在下载的片源的码率为128kbps，在某时刻获取到下载该片源分片的下载速率为60KB/s，从表1可知，码率为128kbps的片源对应的下载速率的限速阈值为40KB/s，因此将获取到的下载速率60KB/s与该片源对应的下载速率的限速阈值40KB/s进行比较，可知获取到的下载速率60KB/s大于该片源对应的下载速率的限速阈值40KB/s。
本实施例中，片源的下载速率的限速阈值大于该片源的流畅播 放速率，片源的流畅播放速率为流畅播放该片源的最小下载速率。应当说明的是，同一码率的片源对应唯一的流畅播放速率，理论上，在下载速率达到流畅播放速率时，便可以实现片源的流畅播放。即，下载速率达到流畅播放片源的最小下载速率就可以实现该片源的流畅播放，这种情况下，能够流畅播放片源且不会额外占用网络宽带资源，可以最大限度地节省网络宽带资源。
例如，对于码率为128kbps的片源，其流畅播放速率可以为128kbps/8b＝16KB/s。表2示出了片源的码率、流畅播放速率及下载速率的限速阈值之间的对应关系。
表2
码率 流畅播放速率 下载速率的限速阈值
128kbps 16KB/s 40KB/s
256kbps 32KB/s 70KB/s
512kbps 64KB/s 80KB/s
本实施例中，片源的下载速率的限速阈值大于该片源的码率对应的流畅播放速率，以更好地保证能够流畅下载并播放该片源。
应当理解的是，以上所示出的码率及对应的下载速率的限速阈值的数值仅作为示例，在实际应用场景中，并不限于以上所示出的码率以及对应的下载速率的限速阈值的数值，本实施例提供的技术方案可以适用于其他码率的片源。
S23：当获取的实时的下载速率大于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值时，限制下载速率，直到所述下载速率小于或等于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值。
作为示例，例如，在当前的下载速率大于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值时，暂停下载，从而间接地限制下载速率，直到该下载速率小于或等于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值时再重新启动下载，从而使该下载速率保持在当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值附近(略大于、等于或者略小于)。
暂停下载期间，已经下载的片源分片的不发生变化，而总的下 载时间却在不断增加(包括暂停下载的时间)，根据v＝m/t，在m(即下载的量)不变而t(总的下载时间)变大时，v(即下载速率)相应减小，从而实现了限制下载速率的效果。
应当理解的是，可以采用其他限制下载速率的方式，在此不做限制。
在暂停下载来间接地限制下载速率的情况下，存在两种计算暂停时间的方式，以下对这两种计算暂停时间的方式进行描述。
第一种计算暂停时间的方式中，根据预设的暂停时间长度暂停下载，在经过预设的暂停时间长度时，计算当前的下载速率，在判断当前的下载速率仍然大于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值时，再次暂停预设的暂停时间长度，直到当前的下载速率小于或等于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值时再重新启动下载。
例如，当前的下载速率为V4＝10KB/1s＝10KB/s，这里10KB为当前已经下载的片源分片的量(可以假设该分片的总量为20KB)，1s为开始下载该分片到当前时刻所经过的总的时间长度，从而得到当前的下载速率为V4＝10KB/s，假设该下载速率V4＝10KB/s大于该分片的片源对应的下载速率的限速阈值5KB/s，说明此时对网络宽带资源产生了较高的占用，因此需要对该下载速率进行限制，首先暂停预设的暂停时间长度，假设为0.5秒，经过该暂停时间长度之后，判断下载速率V5＝10KB/(1s+0.5s)＝6.67KB/s，此时下载速率仍然大于当前下载的片源码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值，因此再次暂停0.5s，经过0.5s后，再次判断下载速率V6＝10KB/(1.5s+0.5s)＝5KB/s，此时下载速率已经等于当前下载的片源码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值5KB/s，因此重新启动下载该分片剩余的10KB容量。
第二种计算暂停时间的方式中，根据预设规则计算实际所需的暂停时间长度，在经过实际所需的暂停时间长度时重新启动下载，预设规则为当前已经下载的分片的量除以该分片的片源对应的下载速率的限速阈值，再减去自开始下载所述分片到当前时刻的时间长度。
例如，当前已经下载的分片的量为0.1KB(可以假设该分片的 总量为0.5KB)，开始下载该分片到当前时刻的总的时间长度为1ms(1ms等于0.001s)，与该分片的片源对应的下载速率的限速阈值为80KB/s，此时根据第二种计算暂停时间的方式，根据预设规则计算出实际需要的暂停时间长度T＝0.1/80-0.001＝0.00025s＝0.25ms，即当前实际所需的暂停时间长度为0.25ms，在暂停0.25ms之后，下载速率便等于当前下载的片源码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值为80KB/s。
第二种计算暂停时间的方式与第一种计算暂停时间的方式相比，能够在达到相应的下载速率的限速阈值的同时，避免多次暂停及多次计算下载速率。
应当说明的是，不同的片源可能被以不同的码率编码，例如片源P可能被以如表3所示的两种不同的码率编码。
表3
Figure PCTCN2018092797-appb-000001
应当理解的是，在将片源P(模拟量)进行数字化编码的过程中，可以采用相应的取样率，从而形成相应码率的片源，取样率越高，编码出来的文件就越接近原始文件，其图像和/或音质就越好。然后，对每个码率的片源按照固定时长进行分片，得到每个码率的片源分片。通常，相同分片序号的分片的内容是相同的(当然由于低码率的片源分片与高码率的片源分片所采用的取样率是不同的，因此图像和/或音频的质量是不同的)。
参见表4，片源分片11与片源分片21的内容应当是相同的，片源分片12与片源分片22的内容应当是相同的，片源分片13与片源分片23的内容应当是相同的。当然，如果还存在其他分片，原理一样。实际应用中，表4中的码率为16kbps的片源并不限于仅包括分片11、分片12和分片13这三个分片，可能包括更多或更少的分片。
表4
Figure PCTCN2018092797-appb-000002
本实施例中，可以将片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值设置为大于或等于当前码率相邻的高一级码率的对应片源的流畅播放速率。这里，当前码率相邻的高一级码率并不一定是理论上相邻的高一级码率(例如，16kbps的码率的理论相邻的码率为32kbps)，而应当根据实际存在的片源的码率进行确定。参照表4进行说明，假设片源P仅被以16kbps和64kbps两种码率编码，此时与码率16kbps相邻的高一级码率则为码率64kbps，而不是码率32kbps。
继续参见表4，码率为16kbps的片源P的下载速率的限速阈值(10KB/s)设置为稍大于码率为64kbps的片源P的流畅播放速率8KB/s，这样，在网速大于8KB/s的情况下，能够很好地保证下载该片源P的分片的下载速率能够达到8KB/s，即，在网速允许的情况下能够实现对码率为64kbps的片源P的分片进行下载。例如，在当前下载的片源分片为分片11时，在确定能够切换到码率为64kbps的片源进行下载且分片11下载完成的情况下，接下来将选择分片22进行下载(分片22的内容与分片12的内容相同)，以实现片源P的流畅播放。
应当理解的是，由于不存在比最高码率片源具有更高的码率的片源，本实施例中，将最高码率的片源对应的下载速率的限速阈值设置为大于该最高码率的片源的流畅播放速率。在网络带宽资源足够的情况下，将片源的下载速率限制在该片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值附近，保证能够实现正常的码率切换，同时，避免下载过程中过分占用网络带宽资源的问题。
在下载片源的过程中，在终端缓存即将溢出或者达到预设的缓 存阈值时，可以强制暂停一段时间后再进行下载，或者将当前使用的下载速率的限速阈值临时切换为该片源的当前码率对应的流畅播放速率，在终端缓存低于预设的缓存阈值时，再切换为使用相应的下载速率的限速阈值。这样，能够避免终端缓存溢出而影响终端的正常播放。
本公开的实施例提供的下载控制方法中，获取下载当前码率的片源分片的实时的下载速率，将获取的下载速率与当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值进行比较，当获取的下载速率大于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值时，限制下载速率，直到下载速率小于或等于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值，通过将片源码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值设置为大于该码率的片源的流畅播放速率，在保证终端能够正常下载并流畅播放的情况下，能够很好地限制终端下载片源分片的下载速率不会太高，从而能够解决过分占用网络宽带资源的问题，也避免了对同一网络环境下的其他用户的使用造成影响。此外，可以将当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值设置为大于或等于该码率相邻的高一级码率的片源的流畅播放速率，从而保证在片源下载过程中能够实现码率自由切换，同时也有利于保证下载码流的平缓，避免了下载码流曲线出现波峰或波谷的情况，能够有效地降低对探针采集播放功能的影响。
图3示出了本公开的实施例的下载控制方法的另一种流程示意图。
如图3所示，所述下载控制方法包括如下步骤S301至S318。
S301：下载码率为VL的片源分片。
以网络直播为例，假设网络直播的片源以VL(低码率)、VM(中码率)、VH(高码率)这三种码率进行编码，在用户通过终端(例如手机、网络电视等)开始观看时，即起播阶段，可以选择任意一种码率的片源进行下载，或者按照预先设定的码率进行下载，例如下载系统默认码率的片源或者用户手动设置码率的片源，本实施例对此并不做限制。本实施例中，假设首先下载低码率(VL)的片源分片。
S302：控制下载速率以使其小于或等于1.1VM。
本实施例中，预设的片源码率与下载速率的限速阈值的对应关系如表5所示。
表5
码率 下载速率的限速阈值
低码率VL 1.1VM
中码率VM 1.1VH
高码率VH 1.2VH
因此，在当前下载的片源的码率为VL时，与之对应的下载速率的限速阈值为1.1VM，于是控制片源的下载速率小于或等于1.1VM。本实施例设置的下载速率的限速阈值能够保证各码率片源的正常下载及流畅播放，同时不会过分占用网络宽带资源，且可以实现下载过程中不同码率片源的切换下载(例如下载低码率VL的片源分片的下载速率为VM与1.1VM之间时，则下载下一分片时将切换到中码率VM的片源进行下载)。
步骤S302的具体执行过程可参见步骤S22和S23的详细描述，在此不再赘述。
S303：判断当前下载的码率为VL的片源分片是否下载完成，如果下载完成，则转至步骤S304，如果还未下载完成，则返回至步骤S301。
S304：判断下载码率为VL的片源分片的下载速率是否达到VM(相邻高一级码率片源的流畅播放速率)，如果下载码率为VL的片源分片的下载速率达到VM，则转至步骤S305，如果下载码率为VL的片源分片的下载速率未达到VM，则转至步骤S306。
S305：下载码率为VM的相应片源的下一分片。
即，在下载完步骤S301中下载的码率为VL的片源分片之后，如果下载该分片的下载速率达到了VM(在VM和1.1VM之间)，则切换到码率为VM的相应片源来下载下一分片，以提高视频和/或音频的质量。
S306：继续下载码率为VL的片源的下一分片。
S307：控制下载速率以使其小于或等于1.1VH。
即，在当前下载的片源的码率为VM时，控制下载速率以使其小于或等于1.1VH。
S308：判断当前下载的码率为VM的片源分片是否下载完成，如果下载完成，则转至步骤S309，如果还未下载完成，则返回至步骤S305。
S309：判断下载码率为VM的片源分片的下载速率是否达到VH，如果下载码率为VM的片源分片的下载速率达到VH，则转至步骤S310，如果下载码率为VM的片源分片的下载速率未达到VH，则转至步骤S311。
S310：下载码率为VH的相应片源的下一分片。
即，在下载完步骤S305中下载的码率为VM的片源分片之后，如果下载该分片的下载速率达到VH(相邻的高一级码率的片源的流畅播放速率)，则切换到码率为VH的相应片源来下载下一分片。
S311：判断下载码率为VM的片源分片的下载速率是否达到VM，如果下载码率为VM的片源分片的下载速率达到VM，则转至步骤S312，如果下载码率为VM的片源分片的下载速率未达到VM，则转至步骤S313。
S312：下载码率为VM的相应片源的下一分片。
S313：切换到码率为VL的相应片源下载下一分片。
S314：控制下载速率以使其小于或等于1.2VH。
S315：判断当前下载的码率为VH的片源分片是否下载完成，如果下载完成，则转至步骤S316，如果还未下载完成，则返回至步骤S310。
S316：判断下载码率为VH的片源分片的下载速率是否达到VH，如果下载码率为VH的片源分片的下载速率达到VH，则转至步骤S317，如果下载码率为VH的片源分片的下载速率未达到VH，则转至步骤S318。
S317：下载码率为VH的相应片源的下一分片。
S318：下载码率为VM的相应片源的下一分片。
即，如果下载码率为VH的片源分片的下载速率达到了VH(在VH与1.2VH之间)，则继续下载码率为VH的相应片源的下一分片，如果下载码率为VH的片源分片的下载速率未达到VH，则切换至码率为VM的相应片源来下载下一分片，以保证播放的流畅性。
本公开的实施例还提供一种下载控制装置，用于实现上述的下载控制方法。
图4示出了本公开的实施例的下载控制装置的结构示意图。如图4所示，下载控制装置40包括获取模块41、比较模块42以及处理模块43。获取模块41配置为在下载片源分片的过程中，获取实时的下载速率，该下载速率可以为自开始下载该片源分片到当前时刻的时间段内的平均下载速率。
例如，获取模块41可以通过将当前已经下载的片源分片的量除以自开始下载该片源分片到当前时刻的时间段的时长，来得到下载该片源分片的平均下载速率。应当理解的是，获取模块41可以通过实时检测终端的网络端口的吞吐量得到当前已经下载的片源分片的量，但是，本实施例不限于此。此外，可以采用何种方式来获取实时的下载速率，本实施例不对此进行限定。
例如，获取模块41可以根据预设时间间隔获取实时的下载速率，例如当前下载的片源分片的播放时长为10ms，则可以每间隔0.01ms、0.1ms或0.5ms等获取一次当前的下载速率，通过这种高频率、高精度的采集，并通过后续步骤控制下载速率，能够十分精确地控制下载速率，从而可以很好地解决不进行下载速率限制所带来的过分占用网络宽带资源而不利于同一网络环境下的其他用户或者同一终端的其他应用的正常使用的问题。
比较模块42配置为将获取模块41获取到的实时的下载速率与当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值进行比较。片源的下载速率的限速阈值大于该片源的流畅播放速率，应当说明的是，流畅播放速率为流畅播放该片源的最小下载速率，即该片源的码率对应的下载速率。
通过参照预设的对应关系表，获取与当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值，然后，将获取的实时的下载速率与获取的下载速率的限速阈值进行比较。
本实施例中，片源的下载速率的限速阈值大于该片源的流畅播放速率，片源的流畅播放速率为流畅播放该片源的最小下载速率。应当说明的是，同一码率的片源对应唯一的流畅播放速率，理论上，在下载速率达到流畅播放速率时，便可以实现片源的流畅播放，即，下载速率达到流畅播放片源的最小下载速率就可以实现该片源的流畅播放，这种情况下，能够流畅播放该片源且不会额外占用网络宽带资源，可以最大限度地节省网络宽带资源。
处理模块43配置为当获取的实时的下载速率大于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值时，限制下载速率，直到所述下载速率小于或等于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值。
作为示例，例如，在当前的下载速率大于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值时，暂停下载，从而间接地限制下载速率，直到该下载速率小于或等于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值时再重新启动下载，从而使该下载速率保持在当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值附近。
本实施例中，在处理模块43通过暂停下载来间接地限制下载速率的情况下，可以根据预设的暂停时间长度(例如根据仿真结果灵活设置的暂停时间长度)暂停下载，在经过预设的暂停时间长度时，计算当前的下载速率，在判断当前的下载速率仍然大于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值时，再次暂停预设的暂停时间长度，直到当前的下载速率小于或等于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值时再重新启动下载。
应当理解，在处理模块43通过暂停下载来间接地限制下载速率的情况下，也可以根据预设规则计算实际所需的暂停时间长度，在经过实际所需的暂停时间长度时重新启动下载，其中预设规则为当前已经下载的分片的量除以该分片的片源对应的下载速率的限速阈值，再 减去自开始下载所述分片到当前时刻的时间长度。
本实施例中，可以将片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值设置为大于或等于当前码率相邻的高一级码率的对应片源的流畅播放速率。
应当理解的是，由于不存在比最高码率片源具有更高的码率的片源，本实施例中，将最高码率的片源对应的下载速率的限速阈值设置为大于该最高码率的片源的流畅播放速率。在网络带宽资源足够的情况下，将片源的下载速率限制在该片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值附近，保证能够实现正常的码率切换，同时，避免下载过程中过分占用网络带宽资源的问题。
在下载片源的过程中，在终端缓存即将溢出或者达到预设的缓存阈值时，可以强制暂停一段时间后再进行下载，或者将当前使用的下载速率的限速阈值临时切换为该片源的当前码率对应的流畅播放速率，在终端缓存低于预设的缓存阈值时，再切换为使用相应的下载速率的限速阈值。这样，能够避免终端缓存溢出而影响终端的正常播放。
处理模块43还配置为，检测下载当前码率的片源分片的实际下载速率，如果当前码率的片源分片的实际下载速率高于相邻的高一级码率片源的流畅播放速率，则下载完当前分片后，切换到该相邻的高一级码率的片源来下载下一分片。
处理模块43还配置为，检测下载当前码率的片源分片的实际下载速率，如果当前码率的片源分片的实际下载速率低于当前片源的流畅播放速率，则下载完当前分片后，切换到相邻的低一级码率的片源来下载下一分片。本实施例中，获取模块41、比较模块42以及处理模块43可以通过处理器或者控制器等实现。
本公开的实施例提供的下载控制装置40包括获取模块41、比较模块42以及处理模块43，获取模块41配置为在下载片源分片的过程中获取实时的下载速率，比较模块42配置为将获取模块41获取到的实时的下载速率与当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值进行比较，处理模块43配置为当获取的实时的下载速率大于当 前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值时，限制下载速率，直到所述下载速率小于或等于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值，处理模块43还配置为检测下载当前码率片源分片的实际下载速率，如果当前码率片源分片的实际下载速率高于相邻的高一级码率片源的流畅播放速率，则下载完当前分片后，切换到该相邻的高一级码率的片源来下载下一下一分片，如果当前码率片源分片的实际下载速率低于当前片源的流畅播放速率，则下载完当前分片后，切换到相邻的低一级码率的片源来下载下一分片，从而在片源下载过程中能够实现码率自由切换，同时也有利于保证下载码流的平缓，避免了下载码流曲线出现波峰或者波谷的情况，能够有效地降低对探针采集播放功能的影响。
本公开的实施例还提供一种多媒体终端。图5示出了本公开的实施例的多媒体终端的结构示意图。如图5所示，多媒体终端50包括存储器51和处理器52，存储器51配置为存储下载控制程序，处理器52配置为执行存储器51中存储的下载控制程序，以实现本公开的实施例的下载控制方法。
具体地，处理器52执行存储器51中存储的下载控制程序以执行如下步骤：获取下载当前码率的片源分片的实时的下载速率；将获取的下载速率与当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值进行比较，当获取的实时的下载速率大于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值时，限制下载速率，直到所述下载速率小于或等于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值。
在一些实施方式中，处理器52执行存储器51中存储的下载控制程序以执行如下步骤：在获取的实时的下载速率大于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值时，暂停下载，从而间接地限制下载速率，直到所述下载速率小于或等于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值时再重新启动下载。
在一些实施方式中，处理器52执行存储器51中存储的下载控制程序以执行如下步骤：根据预设的暂停时间长度暂停下载，在经过 预设的暂停时间长度时，计算当前的下载速率，在判断当前的下载速率仍然大于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值时，再次暂停预设的暂停时间长度，直到当前的下载速率小于或等于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值时再重新启动下载。
在一些实施方式中，处理器52执行存储器51中存储的下载控制程序以执行如下步骤：根据预设规则计算实际所需的暂停时间长度，在经过实际所需暂停时间长度时重新启动下载，所述预设规则为当前已经下载的分片的量除以所述分片的片源对应的下载速率的限速阈值，再减去自开始下载所述分片到当前时刻的时间长度。
本实施例中，片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值大于或等于当前码率相邻的高一级码率的片源的流畅播放速率，最高码率的片源对应的下载速率的限速阈值大于该最高码率的片源的流畅播放速率。
在一些实施方式中，处理器52执行存储器51中存储的下载控制程序以执行如下步骤：检测下载当前码率片源分片的实际下载速率，如果当前码率片源分片的实际下载速率高于相邻的高一级码率片源的流畅播放速率，则下载完当前分片后，切换到该相邻的高一级码率的片源来下载下一分片。
在一些实施方式中，处理器52执行存储器51中存储的下载控制程序以执行如下步骤：检测下载当前码率片源分片的实际下载速率，如果当前码率片源分片的实际下载速率低于当前片源的流畅播放速率，则下载完当前分片后，切换到相邻的低一级码率的片源来下载下一分片。
本实施例中，多媒体终端50包括但不限于手机、机顶盒、平板电脑、网络电视等。
本公开的实施例提供的多媒体终端50包括存储器51和处理器52，存储器51配置为存储下载控制程序，处理器52配置为执行存储器51中存储的下载控制程序，以实现本公开的实施例的下载控制方法，解决了过分占用网络宽带资源的问题，避免了对同一网络环境下的其他用户的使用造成影响，保证在片源下载过程中能够实现码率自 由切换，同时也有利于保证下载码流的平缓，避免了下载码流曲线出现波峰或波谷的情况，能够有效地降低对探针采集播放功能的影响。
本领域技术人员应该明白，上述实施例的各模块或各步骤可以用通用的计算装置来实现，它们可以集中在单个计算装置上，或者分布在多个计算装置所组成的网络上。作为选择，上述实施例的各模块或各步骤可以用计算装置可执行的程序代码来实现，从而，可以将它们存储在计算机存储介质(ROM/RAM、磁碟、光盘)中由计算装置来执行。在某些情况下，可以以不同于本公开的实施例所示出或描述的顺序执行本公开的实施例的各步骤。作为选择，可以将本公开的实施例的各模块或各步骤分别制作成各个集成电路模块，或者将本公开的实施例的多个模块或多个步骤制作成单个集成电路模块来实现。本公开不限制于任何特定的硬件和软件的结合。
以上内容是结合具体的实施例及实施方式对本公开的技术方案所作的进一步详细说明，不能认为本公开的具体实施只局限于这些具体的实施例及实施方式。对于本公开所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本公开的构思的前提下，还可以做出各种简单推演或替换，这些简单推演或替换都应当视为落入本公开的保护范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种下载控制方法，包括步骤：
    获取下载当前码率的片源分片的实时的下载速率；
    将获取的下载速率与当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值进行比较；
    当获取的实时的下载速率大于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值时，限制下载速率，直到所述下载速率小于或等于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的下载控制方法，其中，限制下载速率直到所述下载速率小于或等于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值的步骤包括：
    暂停下载来限制下载速率，直到该下载速率小于或等于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值时再重新启动下载。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的下载控制方法，其中，根据预设的暂停时间长度暂停下载，在经过预设的暂停时间长度时，计算当前的下载速率，在判断当前的下载速率仍然大于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值时，再次暂停所述预设的暂停时间长度，直到当前的下载速率小于或等于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值时再重新启动下载。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的下载控制方法，其中，根据预设规则计算实际所需的暂停时间长度，根据计算出的实际所需的暂停时间长度暂停下载，在经过实际所需的暂停时间长度时重新启动下载，所述预设规则为当前已经下载的分片的量除以所述分片的片源对应的下载速率的限速阈值，再减去自开始下载所述分片到当前时刻的时间长度。
  5. 如权利要求1至4中的任一项所述的下载控制方法，其中， 片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值大于或等于当前码率相邻的高一级码率的对应片源的流畅播放速率，最高码率的片源对应的下载速率的限速阈值大于该最高码率的片源的流畅播放速率。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的下载控制方法，还包括步骤：
    检测下载当前码率的片源分片的实际下载速率，如果当前码率的片源分片的实际下载速率高于相邻的高一级码率片源的流畅播放速率，则下载完当前分片后，切换到该相邻的高一级码率的片源来下载下一分片。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的下载控制方法，还包括步骤：
    检测下载当前码率的片源分片的实际下载速率，如果当前码率的片源分片的实际下载速率低于当前片源的流畅播放速率，则下载完当前分片后，切换到相邻的低一级码率的片源来下载下一分片。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的下载控制方法，其中，获取的下载速率为从下载当前分片开始到当前时刻的时间段内的平均下载速率。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的下载控制方法，其中，片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值大于该码率的片源的流畅播放速率，所述流畅播放速率为流畅播放所述片源的最小下载速率。
  10. 一种下载控制装置，包括：
    获取模块，配置为在下载片源分片的过程中，获取实时的下载速率；
    比较模块，配置为将获取到的实时的下载速率与当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值进行比较；
    处理模块，配置为当获取的实时的下载速率大于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值时，限制下载速率，直到所述下载速率小于或等于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈 值。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的下载控制装置，其中，所述处理模块配置为通过暂停下载来限制下载速率，直到该下载速率小于或等于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值时再重新启动下载。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的下载控制装置，其中，所述处理模块配置为根据预设的暂停时间长度暂停下载，在经过预设的暂停时间长度时，计算当前的下载速率，在判断当前的下载速率仍然大于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值时，再次暂停所述预设的暂停时间长度，直到当前的下载速率小于或等于当前下载的片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值时再重新启动下载。
  13. 如权利要求11所述的下载控制装置，其中，所述处理模块配置为根据预设规则计算实际所需的暂停时间长度，根据计算出的实际所需的暂停时间长度暂停下载，在经过实际所需的暂停时间长度时重新启动下载，所述预设规则为当前已经下载的分片的量除以所述分片的片源对应的下载速率的限速阈值，再减去自开始下载所述分片到当前时刻的时间长度。
  14. 如权利要求10至13中的任一项所述的下载控制装置，其中，片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值大于或等于当前码率相邻的高一级码率的对应片源的流畅播放速率，最高码率的片源对应的下载速率的限速阈值大于该最高码率的片源的流畅播放速率。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的下载控制装置，其中，所述处理模块还配置为检测下载当前码率的片源分片的实际下载速率，如果当前码率的片源分片的实际下载速率高于相邻的高一级码率片源的流畅播放速率，则下载完当前分片后，切换到该相邻的高一级码率的片源来下载下一分片。
  16. 如权利要求14所述的下载控制装置，其中，所述处理模块还配置为检测下载当前码率的片源分片的实际下载速率，如果当前码率的片源分片的实际下载速率低于当前片源的流畅播放速率，则下载完当前分片后，切换到相邻的低一级码率的片源来下载下一分片。
  17. 如权利要求10所述的下载控制装置，其中，获取的下载速率为从下载当前分片开始到当前时刻的时间段内的平均下载速率。
  18. 如权利要求10所述的下载控制装置，其中，片源的码率对应的下载速率的限速阈值大于该码率的片源的流畅播放速率，所述流畅播放速率为流畅播放所述片源的最小下载速率。
  19. 一种多媒体终端，包括：
    存储器，配置为存储下载控制程序；
    处理器，配置为执行所述存储器中存储的下载控制程序，以实现如权利要求1至9中的任一项所述的下载控制方法。
  20. 一种计算机存储介质，所述计算机存储介质中存储有计算机可执行指令，所述计算机可执行指令被计算机执行来实现如权利要求1至9中的任一项所述的下载控制方法。
PCT/CN2018/092797 2017-06-30 2018-06-26 下载控制方法及装置、多媒体终端、计算机存储介质 WO2019001407A1 (zh)

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