WO2019000720A1

WO2019000720A1 - Self-adjusting hydraulic shock absorber and adjustment method therefor

Info

Publication number: WO2019000720A1
Application number: PCT/CN2017/106989
Authority: WO
Inventors: 黄永宁
Original assignee: 黄永宁
Priority date: 2017-06-29
Filing date: 2017-10-20
Publication date: 2019-01-03
Also published as: CN107100955B; CN107100955A

Abstract

A self-adjusting hydraulic shock absorber and an adjustment method therefor, the shock absorber comprising an outer cylinder (3), an inner cylinder (4), a shock absorbing shaft (5), a self-adjusting valve, and a suspension piston assembly; the inner cylinder (4) is nested in the outer cylinder (3), and the self-adjusting valve and the suspension piston assembly are installed within the inner cylinder (4) sequentially from bottom to top; after a lower end of the shock absorbing shaft (5) is fixed within the suspension piston assembly, the self-adjusting valve and a lower tip end of the shock absorbing shaft (5) may be in contact connection; the suspension piston assembly is provided thereon with a first oil-replenishing valve sheet (12), an oil replenishing-and-discharging piston (10) and a first oil-discharging valve sheet (11); the self-adjusting valve is provided thereon with a second oil-replenishing valve sheet (29).

Description

Self-regulating hydraulic shock absorber and adjusting method thereof

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of shock absorbers, in particular to an autonomously adjustable hydraulic shock absorber and a regulating method thereof.

Background technique

In general, the damper is designed to support the weight of the vehicle body and to suppress and prevent vibration from being transmitted from the road surface to the vehicle body, contribute to improved ride comfort, and protect the loaded cargo and various components of the vehicle.

Such shock absorbers include a cylinder filled with oil, a reciprocating piston rod coupled to the vehicle body, and a piston valve coupled to the lower end of the piston rod and oil that is movable within the cylinder and controls operation.

At present, the hydraulic oil on the market structure cannot be effectively effluxed, and the vehicle cannot achieve a smooth and comfortable effect when the vehicle encounters a low speed and uneven road surface during driving. Especially in the car sharp turn process, the vehicle damping effect is not good.

Summary of the invention

In view of the deficiencies in the above technology, the present invention provides a self-regulating hydraulic shock absorber with high smoothness, comfort, safety and smoothness, and an adjustment method thereof.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an autonomously-adjustable hydraulic shock absorber comprising an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, a damping shaft, an autonomous regulating valve and a suspension piston assembly; the inner cylinder is sleeved in the outer cylinder, The autonomous regulating valve and the suspension piston assembly are sequentially installed in the inner cylinder from bottom to top, and the lower end of the damping shaft is fixed in the suspension piston assembly, and the autonomous regulating valve and the lower end of the damping shaft are contactably connected. ;

The floating piston assembly is provided with a first oil filling valve piece, a replenishing oil piston and a first oil discharging valve piece, and the autonomous regulating valve is provided with a second oil filling valve piece;

When the shock absorber is working, the damping shaft and the suspension piston assembly will run up and down, and oil pressure is generated in the inner cylinder during operation;

When the damping shaft and the suspension piston assembly are synchronously descending, the first charge valve piece in the suspension piston assembly is opened, and the vacancy generated in the inner cylinder is filled with oil when the damping shaft is descended; The pressure at the lower end of the oil piston is increased, and part of the hydraulic oil is discharged to the outer cylinder through the self-regulating valve; the self-regulating valve is drained downward. When the first oil drain valve piece of the suspension piston assembly and the second charge valve piece of the autonomous control valve are both closed;

When the damping shaft and the suspension piston assembly are synchronously ascending, the upper end of the damping shaft and the suspension piston assembly in the inner cylinder are in a full oil state, and the upward resistance is received. At this time, the oil piston is replenished in the oil piston. The first oil drain valve piece is opened, and the upper hydraulic oil is drained to the lower end of the suspension shaft and the suspension piston assembly in the controlled oil drain hole; and the first charge valve piece in the suspension piston assembly is at the oil pressure Under the effect of rendering a closed state.

Wherein, the number of the first oil-filling valve piece and the first oil-discharging valve piece are plural, and one end of the replenishing oil piston is embedded with a first receiving groove, and the other of the replenishing oil piston a second receiving groove is embedded in the end, the first oil drain valve piece is installed in the first receiving groove, the first oil filling valve piece is installed in the second receiving groove; the notch of the first receiving groove Between the oil discharge valve piece and a first spring for limiting the movement stroke of the first oil discharge valve piece, and the groove between the second receiving groove and the first oil filling valve piece is provided a second spring for limiting a movement stroke of the first oil discharge valve piece; a bottom of the first receiving groove of the makeup oil discharge piston is provided with a plurality of piston oil discharges below the first oil discharge valve piece a hole, and each piston oil drain hole communicates with the second receiving groove; the supplementary oil piston is provided with a plurality of fixing columns, and each of the fixing columns has a diameter larger than a diameter of the oil drain hole and extends to the first An oil drain hole at a notch of the receiving groove; a lower portion of each of the fixing columns penetrates the first oil filling valve piece and is an oil filling hole, and the living One end of the drain hole and fill hole at the same level;

When the replenishing oil piston descends, under the action of oil pressure, the hydraulic oil is discharged from the plurality of piston oil drain holes, and after discharging, the first oil discharge valve piece is ejected; after the first oil discharge valve piece is ejected, the hydraulic oil is discharged. Discharged from a plurality of oil drain holes to achieve oil discharge;

When the replenishing oil piston is ascending upward, the direction of the oil pressure is toward the first charge valve piece, and the first charge valve piece is discharged under the action of the oil pressure; and after discharging, the first charge valve piece is ejected and the oil is replenished. The holes are filled with oil.

Wherein the piston positioning pad is fixed at the notch of the first receiving groove, the two ends of the first spring are connected between the piston positioning pad and the oil discharge valve chip group; the notch of the second receiving groove A piston positioning piece is disposed, and both ends of the second spring are connected between the piston positioning piece and the charge valve piece set.

Wherein, the suspension piston assembly further comprises a support rod and a support plate, the support plate is located below the first charge valve piece, one end of the support rod is fixedly connected with the support plate, and the other end of the support rod Passing through the oil drain valve set in turn, and after the first spring is fixedly connected to the inner side of the piston positioning pad; The lower end of the damping shaft is sleeved in the support rod.

Wherein, the autonomous regulating valve further comprises an oil-discharging copper piston, an oil-discharging column, a tapered oil-discharging needle and a regulating valve base; wherein the upper end of the adjusting valve base is fixed on the pressing piece, and the two are combined into a cavity, An oil drain column is installed in the cavity, a piston spring is mounted in the oil drain column, the oil drain copper piston is placed in the oil drain column and the lower part is sleeved in the piston spring; the oil drain copper piston is An oil discharge needle spring is mounted, and the tapered oil discharge needle is sleeved in the oil discharge needle spring;

The upper end of the oil-discharging copper piston defines a first oil-discharging hole corresponding to the tapered portion of the tapered oil-discharging needle; the outer wall of the oil-discharging column is uniformly provided with a plurality of second oil-discharging holes;

When the damping shaft penetrates through the suspension piston assembly and descends, after the hydraulic oil presses the first oil discharge hole, the tapered oil discharge needle descends and the tapered portion leaves the first oil discharge hole, and the first part of the oil discharge copper piston A row of oil holes is opened to drain oil, and the first step is drained;

When the oil pressure in the inner cylinder increases, the oil pressure also acts on the oil-discharging copper piston. After the oil-discharge copper piston is subjected to a large pressure, the oil discharged from the tapered oil-discharging needle has reached the limit, so that the entire oil-discharging copper After the piston is subjected to more pressure, it descends in the oil drain column, and the second oil drain hole of the oil discharge column opens the oil discharge of the second step.

Wherein, the plurality of second oil drain holes form a plurality of oil drain hole groups, and the plurality of oil drain hole groups are sequentially distributed from the top to the bottom on the outer wall of the oil discharge column; in the oil discharge process, according to the oil pressure The oil drain hole group is sequentially opened from the top to the bottom; the oil drain groove is disposed in the lower end of the oil drain column, and the groove size of the oil drain groove is smaller than the size of the lower end of the oil discharge copper piston; The piston can be lowered into the piston spring to contact the notch of the oil sump.

Wherein, the outer periphery of the upper end of the oil-discharge copper piston is outwardly provided with a limiting block for limiting the downward position thereof, and the diameter of the limiting block is greater than or equal to the diameter of the piston spring; a through hole is disposed in the through hole, wherein the connecting rod is connected with the upper end surface of the oil discharge copper piston; and the connecting rod is connected with the shock absorbing shaft; the outer surface of the upper pressing piece is sequentially arranged from top to bottom A piston down tower spring and the second charge valve piece are provided.

Wherein, a buffer rubber sleeve is disposed between the outer wall of the damping shaft and the inner wall of the inner cylinder; and the outer wall of the damping shaft is disposed with a stroke limit position above the buffer rubber sleeve.

Wherein, an axial positioning fixing sleeve is disposed between the upper end of the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder; and a fixed sleeve oil-free bearing disposed outside the inner cylinder is disposed between the axial positioning fixing sleeve and the damping shaft; An upper gland is fixed to an upper end of the outer cylinder, and an upper seal of the shock absorbing shaft is provided with an oil seal, the oil seal and the upper gland and the shaft The positioning fixing sleeves are connected by an oil seal spring.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention also provides an adjustment method of an autonomously-adjustable hydraulic shock absorber. When the shock absorber is in operation, the shock-absorbing shaft and the suspension piston assembly are operated up and down, and oil is generated in the inner cylinder during operation. Pressure

When the damping shaft and the suspension piston assembly are synchronously descending, the first charge valve piece in the suspension piston assembly is opened, and the vacancy generated in the inner cylinder is filled with oil when the damping shaft is descended; The pressure at the lower end of the oil piston is increased, and part of the hydraulic oil is discharged to the outer cylinder through the self-regulating valve; when the self-regulating valve is drained downward, the first oil discharge valve piece of the suspension piston assembly and the second oil supply valve of the self-regulating valve The valve plates are all closed;

When the damping shaft and the suspension piston assembly are synchronously ascending, the upper end of the damping shaft and the suspension piston assembly in the inner cylinder are in a full oil state, and the upward resistance is received. At this time, the oil piston is replenished in the oil piston. The first oil drain valve piece is opened, and the upper hydraulic oil is drained to the lower end of the suspension shaft and the suspension piston assembly in the controlled oil drain hole; and the first charge valve piece in the suspension piston assembly is at the oil pressure Under the effect of the state of being closed;

During the operation of the damper, the damper shaft and the suspension piston assembly shall be in any position regardless of the position. When the charge valve is opened, the oil discharge valve must be closed; when the oil discharge valve is opened, the oil filling valve It must be closed; and the damper shaft and suspension piston assembly must be fully oiled regardless of the position of the upper and lower ends of the suspension shaft and suspension piston assembly.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: compared with the prior art, the self-adjusting hydraulic shock absorber provided by the present invention and the adjusting method thereof, during the operation of the shock absorber, no matter where it is, that is, in the piston When the charge valve is opened, the drain valve must be closed; when the drain valve is open, the charge valve must be closed. The shock absorbing shaft and the suspension piston assembly must be kept full at the upper and lower ends regardless of the running to any position, ensuring that the damper does not cause white space during normal operation. The shock absorber is actually installed on the vehicle for testing. When the vehicle is in normal driving, the ride, comfort and safety are improved to different extents. Especially when the vehicle adopts emergency braking, the four-wheel grip performance is good, the vehicle body is stable, even if the road surface condition is not good, there is no round off the ground in the four wheels, especially in the car sharp turn process, the whole vehicle shock absorber is stable, four-wheeled The ground performance is particularly prominent, the friction coefficient of the four wheels and the ground is increased, and the braking performance is improved.

DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the self-regulating hydraulic shock absorber of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the suspension piston assembly of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a first perspective perspective view of the replenishing and exhausting piston of the present invention;

Figure 4 is a perspective view of the second angle of the replenishing and exhausting piston of the present invention.

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the autonomous regulating valve of the present invention.

The main component symbols are described below:

1. Suspension piston assembly 2. Self-regulating valve 3. Outer cylinder 4. Inner cylinder 5. Damping shaft 6. Buffer rubber sleeve 7. Stroke limit gear 8. Axial positioning fixing sleeve 9. Fixed sleeve oil-free bearing 30, upper gland 40, oil seal 50, connecting rod

10. Replenishing oil piston 11. First oil valve piece 12. First oil filling valve piece 13, first spring 14, second spring 15, oil drain hole 16, fixed column 17, piston positioning pad 18, piston positioning The sheet 19, the support rod 191, the support plate 192, the guide belt 101, the first receiving groove 102, the second receiving groove 111, the charge valve piece 121, the oil discharge valve piece 161, the oil drain hole 162, the oil filling hole

20, oil-discharge copper piston 21, oil drain column 22, cone oil drain needle 23, control valve base 24, upper pressure plate 25, piston spring 26, oil discharge needle spring 27, spring seal base 28, piston down tower spring 29. The second charge valve piece 201, the first oil drain hole 202, the limit block 203, the piston base 211, the second oil drain hole 212, the oil drain groove 213, and the extension column.

Detailed ways

In order to more clearly illustrate the invention, the invention is further described below in conjunction with the drawings.

Referring to Figure 1, the self-regulating hydraulic shock absorber provided by the present invention comprises an outer cylinder 3, an inner cylinder 4, a damping shaft 5, an autonomous regulating valve 2 and a suspension piston assembly 1; the inner cylinder is sleeved outside In the cylinder, the autonomous regulating valve and the suspension piston assembly are sequentially installed in the inner cylinder from bottom to top, and the lower end of the damping shaft is fixed in the suspension piston assembly, and the autonomous regulating valve and the damping shaft are under The end can be in contact with the connection;

The suspension piston assembly 1 is provided with a first oil filling valve plate 11, a replenishing oil piston and a first oil discharge valve plate 12, the autonomous regulating valve 2 is provided with a second oil filling valve plate 29;

When the damping shaft and the suspension piston assembly are synchronously descending, the first charge valve piece in the suspension piston assembly is opened, and the vacancy generated in the inner cylinder is filled with oil when the damping shaft is descended; Under the oil piston The pressure at the end is increased, and part of the hydraulic oil is discharged to the outer cylinder through the self-regulating valve; when the self-regulating valve is drained downward, the first oil-discharge valve piece of the suspension piston assembly and the second oil-filling valve piece of the self-regulating valve Both are shown in a closed state;

Referring to FIG. 2-4, the number of the first oil-filling valve piece and the first oil-discharging valve piece are multiple, and the first receiving groove 101 is embedded in one end of the replenishing oil piston. The other end of the oil piston is embedded with a second receiving groove 102, the oil drain valve chip group is installed in the first receiving groove, and the oil filling valve chip group is installed in the second receiving groove; the first receiving A first spring 13 for limiting the movement stroke of the oil discharge valve piece group is disposed between the groove of the groove and the oil discharge valve piece, and the groove of the second storage groove is matched with the charge valve piece group Between the second spring 14 for limiting the movement stroke of the oil drain valve chip set;

a plurality of oil discharge holes 15 located under the oil discharge valve valve group are disposed at a bottom of the first accommodating groove of the replenishing oil piston, and each oil discharge hole communicates with the second accommodating groove; A plurality of fixing columns 16 are disposed in the oil piston, and each of the fixing columns is an oil discharging hole 161 having a diameter larger than a diameter of the oil discharging hole and extending to a notch of the first receiving groove; The oil valve plate group is both the oil filling hole 162, and one end of the oil discharging hole is at the same horizontal plane as the oil filling hole;

When the oil filling hole and the oil discharging hole are opened or closed, the oil discharge valve piece group and the charge valve group in the replenishing oil piston are in a plane closed state.

In this embodiment, a piston positioning pad 17 is fixed at the notch of the first receiving groove, and both ends of the first spring are connected between the piston positioning pad and the oil discharge valve chip group. A piston positioning piece 18 is disposed at the notch of the second receiving groove, and both ends of the second spring are connected between the piston positioning piece and the charge valve piece set. The positioning of the replenishing and exhausting piston can be realized by the piston positioning pad and the piston positioning piece, and the first spring and the second spring can be matched to limit the movement of the replenishing and discharging oil piston.

In this embodiment, the structure further includes a support rod 19 and a support plate 191, the support plate is located below the charge valve plate group, one end of the support rod is fixedly connected with the support plate, and the support rod is further One end passes through the oil discharge valve plate group in sequence, and the first spring is fixedly connected to the inner side of the piston positioning pad. The fixed column is evenly distributed around the outer periphery of the support rod, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the oil replenishment and the oil discharge, thereby ensuring that the valve piece does not have an offset phenomenon during the movement. The central portion of the inner wall of the charge venting piston is sleeved in the piston guide belt 192.

When the suspension piston assembly descends from the replenishing oil piston, the hydraulic oil is discharged from the plurality of oil discharge holes under the action of the oil pressure, and the first oil discharge valve piece is ejected after being discharged; the first oil discharge valve top After the hydraulic oil is discharged from a plurality of oil drain holes, the oil is discharged; when the oil discharge piston is lifted upward, the oil pressure direction is toward the first charge valve piece, and the first charge valve piece is under the action of oil pressure. Discharge; and discharge the charge valve piece after discharge, and make up the oil through the oil filling hole. The suspension piston assembly is mainly composed of a replenishing oil piston, a drain valve piece and a charge valve piece, and an improved design of the oil drain hole, the oil drain hole and the oil filling hole position, all the oil filling holes and the oil drain holes are Set in the same plane; when the oil filling hole and the oil drain hole are opened or closed, the valve piece in the piston is in a plane closed state, no matter how much oil pressure is generated in the cylinder body, the piston will not be caused by excessive pressure. The deformation of the valve piece inside is damaged; at the same time, the valve piece is not displaced, and the oil filling valve piece and the oil discharge valve piece are opened and closed very sensitively under the oil pressure force; and the valve piece is opened and closed completely by the inner cylinder The oil pressure is determined, and the design of the suspension valve plate is a good solution to the problem that the valve piece is easily deformed and damaged, ensuring the service life of the shock absorber and achieving good results.

Referring to FIG. 5, the self-regulating valve includes an oil-discharging copper piston 20, an oil draining rod 21, a tapered oil-discharging needle 22 and a regulating valve base 23; the upper end of the adjusting valve base is fixed with the upper pressing piece 24, and the two are combined into one cavity. The oil discharge column is installed in the cavity, and a piston spring 25 is installed in the oil discharge column. The oil discharge copper piston is placed in the oil discharge column and the lower part is sleeved in the piston spring; the oil discharge copper piston is installed with oil discharge. a needle spring 26, the tapered oil discharge needle is sleeved in the oil discharge needle spring;

The upper end of the oil discharge copper piston has a first oil discharge hole 201 adapted to the tapered portion of the tapered oil discharge needle; the outer wall of the oil discharge column is uniformly provided with a plurality of second oil discharge holes 211;

In this embodiment, the plurality of second oil drain holes form a plurality of oil drain hole groups, and the plurality of oil drain hole groups are sequentially distributed from the top to the bottom on the outer wall of the oil discharge column; in the oil discharge process, according to the oil The group of pressure-increasing oil drain holes is sequentially opened from top to bottom. The design of the structure makes the opening of the second oil hole in the oil drain column completely depending on the oil pressure generated in the inner cylinder when the shaft and the suspension piston assembly are descending; the oil pressure is larger, the oil drain hole is opened. The more laps in the group.

In this embodiment, an oil storage tank 212 is disposed in the lower end of the oil discharge column 21, and the size of the groove of the oil storage tank is smaller than the size of the lower end of the oil discharge copper piston; the oil discharge copper piston can descend to the piston spring. The slots of the oil sump are in contact. The oil storage tank is provided in the oil drain column to protect the copper hole type piston from colliding with the bottom of the oil drain column, and the hole type oil discharge copper piston is in contact with the oil surface in the oil storage tank groove. Buffering, the oil-discharge copper piston is not damaged by impact.

In the present embodiment, the outer periphery of the upper end of the oil discharge copper piston 20 is outwardly provided with a limiting block 202 for limiting the downward position thereof, and the diameter of the limiting block is greater than or equal to the diameter of the piston spring. The oil discharge spring in the regulating valve is easy to be deformed and shortened during the compression process for a long time, and the limit block is set so that the oil discharge spring can only be brought into contact with the lower end of the limiting block at most; so that it does not exceed its own working Withstand the limits and work properly within its acceptable range.

In the present embodiment, the lower end of the regulating valve base 23 is fixed with a spring seal base 27, and the piston base 203 is mounted in the lower end of the oil draining copper piston. The upper end of the oil drain column is provided with an extension column integrally formed therewith, and the upper pressure piece extends to be fixed in the extension column 213. A through hole is arranged in the upper pressing piece, and a connecting rod 50 which can be in contact with the upper end surface of the oil discharging copper piston is installed in the through hole; and the connecting rod is connected with the damping shaft. The outer surface of the upper pressing piece is sleeved with the piston down tower spring 28 and the second charge valve piece in order from top to bottom.

The oil draining copper piston is arranged in the oil discharge column of the regulating valve, and the tapered oil discharging needle is installed in the oil discharging copper piston, and the first step oil discharging is realized by the cooperation of the tapered oil discharging needle and the oil discharging copper piston in the downward process. The oil discharge of the second step is realized by the oil drain column. The improvement of the above structure makes the regulating valve realize the stepped oil discharging mode, and achieves the effect of self-adjusting; thereby, the hydraulic oil can be effectively discharged, and the shaft and the floating piston can be ensured to have sufficient downwards. resistance.

The two-step oil discharge of the regulating valve of the invention is specifically: the invention designs a stepped oil discharging mode, The oil drain hole in the downhole copper piston of the tapered oil piston in the self-regulating valve is opened and drained. This design is mainly for the vehicle when the speed is low during driving and the road surface is not large. It ensures the design of the vehicle is smooth and comfortable. This is only the first step of the self-regulating valve in the oil discharge process. At this time, the downward oil pressure in the inner cylinder generates the force only on the hole copper piston, so that the cylindrical spring in the copper piston tapered oil discharge needle is subjected to Press down, the cone-shaped oil discharge needle is opened downwards, and the oil is discharged moderately. As the speed of the vehicle and the road conditions change, the oil pressure in the inner cylinder will increase. At this time, the oil discharge amount of the tapered oil discharge needle in the piston can no longer be adapted, and the oil pressure in the inner cylinder increases. The oil pressure also acts on the hole piston. After the copper piston is subjected to a large pressure, the oil discharged from the tapered oil discharge needle has reached the limit, so that the entire hole copper piston is subjected to a large pressure after the oil discharge column. In the middle and lower reaches, the second step of the oil drain is opened.

The adjustment method of the self-regulating hydraulic shock absorber, when the shock absorber works, the damping shaft and the suspension piston assembly will run up and down, and oil pressure is generated in the inner cylinder during operation;

During the operation of the damper, the damper shaft and the suspension piston assembly shall be in any position regardless of the position. When the charge valve is opened, the oil discharge valve must be closed; when the oil discharge valve is opened, the oil filling valve It must be closed; and the damper shaft and suspension piston assembly must be fully oiled regardless of the position of the upper and lower ends of the suspension shaft and suspension piston assembly. The charge valve sheets herein refer to the first and second charge valve sheets.

The self-adjusting hydraulic shock absorber provided by the invention and the adjusting method thereof are in the closed state when the shock absorber is in operation, that is, when the charge valve in the piston is opened, the oil drain valve is closed; When the drain valve is opened, the charge valve must be closed. The damping shaft and the suspension piston assembly must maintain full oil at both the upper and lower ends, regardless of the position of the suspension, ensuring that the shock absorber is positive. There is no space during normal operation. The shock absorber is actually installed on the vehicle for testing. When the vehicle is in normal driving, the ride, comfort and safety are improved to different extents. Especially when the vehicle adopts emergency braking, the four-wheel grip performance is good, the vehicle body is stable, even if the road surface condition is not good, there is no round off the ground in the four wheels, especially in the car sharp turn process, the whole vehicle shock absorber is stable, four-wheeled The ground performance is particularly prominent, the friction coefficient of the four wheels and the ground is increased, and the braking performance is improved.

The above disclosure is only a few specific embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes that can be made by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

An autonomously-adjustable hydraulic shock absorber, comprising: an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, a damping shaft, an autonomous regulating valve and a suspension piston assembly; the inner cylinder is sleeved in the outer cylinder, the autonomous regulating valve And the suspension piston assembly is installed in the inner cylinder from bottom to top, and the lower end of the damping shaft is fixed in the suspension piston assembly, and the autonomous regulating valve and the lower end of the damping shaft are contactably connected;

The floating piston assembly is provided with a first oil filling valve piece, a replenishing oil piston and a first oil discharging valve piece, and the autonomous regulating valve is provided with a second oil filling valve piece;

When the shock absorber is working, the damping shaft and the suspension piston assembly will run up and down, and oil pressure is generated in the inner cylinder during operation;

When the damping shaft and the suspension piston assembly are synchronously descending, the first charge valve piece in the suspension piston assembly is opened, and the vacancy generated in the inner cylinder is filled with oil when the damping shaft is descended; The pressure at the lower end of the oil piston is increased, and part of the hydraulic oil is discharged to the outer cylinder through the self-regulating valve; when the self-regulating valve is drained downward, the first oil discharge valve piece of the suspension piston assembly and the second oil supply valve of the self-regulating valve The valve plates are all closed;

When the damping shaft and the suspension piston assembly are synchronously ascending, the upper end of the damping shaft and the suspension piston assembly in the inner cylinder are in a full oil state, and the upward resistance is received. At this time, the oil piston is replenished in the oil piston. The first oil drain valve piece is opened, and the upper hydraulic oil is drained to the lower end of the suspension shaft and the suspension piston assembly in the controlled oil drain hole; and the first charge valve piece in the suspension piston assembly is at the oil pressure Under the effect of rendering a closed state.
The self-regulating hydraulic shock absorber according to claim 1, wherein the number of the first oil-filling valve piece and the first oil-discharging valve piece is plural, and one end of the replenishing oil piston a first receiving groove is embedded therein, and a second receiving groove is embedded in the other end of the replenishing oil piston, and the first oil discharging valve piece is installed in the first receiving groove, the first oil filling valve piece Installed in the second receiving groove; a first spring for limiting the movement stroke of the first oil drain valve piece is disposed between the notch of the first receiving groove and the oil discharge valve piece, and the second a second spring for limiting the movement stroke of the first oil discharge valve piece is disposed between the notch of the accommodating groove and the first charge valve piece; the groove bottom of the first accommodating groove of the replenishing oil piston a plurality of piston oil drain holes located below the first oil drain valve piece, and each of the piston oil drain holes communicates with the second receiving groove; the supplemental oil piston is provided with a plurality of fixing columns, each of which is provided Above the fixing column is a diameter that is larger than the diameter of the oil drain hole and extends to the notch of the first receiving groove An oil hole; a lower portion of each of the fixing columns penetrates the first oil filling valve piece and is an oil filling hole, and one end of the piston oil discharging hole is at the same horizontal plane as the oil filling hole;

When the replenishing oil piston descends, under the action of oil pressure, the hydraulic oil is discharged from the plurality of piston oil drain holes, and after discharging, the first oil discharge valve piece is ejected; after the first oil discharge valve piece is ejected, the hydraulic oil is discharged. Discharged from a plurality of oil drain holes to achieve oil discharge;

When the replenishing oil piston is ascending upward, the direction of the oil pressure is toward the first charge valve piece, and the first charge valve piece is discharged under the action of the oil pressure; and after discharging, the first charge valve piece is ejected and the oil is replenished. The holes are filled with oil.
The self-adjusting hydraulic shock absorber according to claim 2, wherein a piston positioning pad is fixed at a notch of the first receiving groove, and both ends of the first spring are connected to the piston positioning pad and the row Between the oil valve sheet groups; a piston positioning piece is disposed at the notch of the second receiving groove, and the two ends of the second spring are connected between the piston positioning piece and the charge valve piece set.
The self-adjusting hydraulic shock absorber according to claim 2, wherein the suspension piston assembly further comprises a support rod and a support plate, the support plate being located below the first charge valve piece, the support One end of the rod is fixedly connected to the support plate, and the other end of the support rod sequentially passes through the oil discharge valve valve group, and the first spring is fixedly connected with the inner side of the piston positioning pad; the lower end of the damping shaft is sleeved on the support rod Inside.
The self-regulating hydraulic shock absorber according to claim 1, wherein the autonomous regulating valve further comprises an oil draining copper piston, an oil draining column, a tapered oil discharging needle and a regulating valve base; After the upper end is fixed on the pressing piece, the two are integrated into a cavity, the oil draining column is installed in the cavity, and the oil discharging column is installed and installed with a piston spring, and the oil discharging copper piston is placed in the oil discharging column. And a lower portion of the piston is disposed in the piston spring; the oil discharge copper piston is mounted with an oil discharge needle spring, and the tapered oil discharge needle is sleeved in the oil discharge needle spring;

The upper end of the oil-discharging copper piston defines a first oil-discharging hole corresponding to the tapered portion of the tapered oil-discharging needle; the outer wall of the oil-discharging column is uniformly provided with a plurality of second oil-discharging holes;

When the damping shaft penetrates through the suspension piston assembly and descends, after the hydraulic oil presses the first oil discharge hole, the tapered oil discharge needle descends and the tapered portion leaves the first oil discharge hole, and the first part of the oil discharge copper piston A row of oil holes is opened to drain oil, and the first step is drained;

When the oil pressure in the inner cylinder increases, the oil pressure also acts on the oil-discharging copper piston. After the oil-discharge copper piston is subjected to a large pressure, the oil discharged from the tapered oil-discharging needle has reached the limit, so that the entire oil-discharging copper The piston is subject to more After the large pressure, the oil is descended in the oil discharge column, and the oil discharged from the second step is opened by the second oil drain hole of the oil discharge column.
The self-adjusting hydraulic shock absorber according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of second oil drain holes form a plurality of oil drain hole groups, and the plurality of oil drain hole groups are sequentially distributed from top to bottom. On the outer wall of the oil drain column; in the oil draining process, the oil drain hole group is sequentially opened from top to bottom according to the oil pressure; the oil drain groove is disposed in the lower end of the oil drain column, and the oil storage tank groove The port size is smaller than the size of the lower end of the oil-discharge copper piston; the oil-discharge copper piston can be descended in the piston spring to contact the notch of the oil drain groove.
The self-adjusting hydraulic shock absorber according to claim 5, wherein a periphery of an upper end of the oil-discharging copper piston is outwardly provided with a limiting block for limiting a downward position thereof, the limiting block The diameter of the piston spring is greater than or equal to the diameter of the piston spring; the upper pressing piece is provided with a through hole, the connecting hole is provided with a connecting rod which can be in contact with the upper end surface of the oil discharging copper piston; and the connecting rod and the damping shaft The outer surface of the upper pressing piece is sleeved with the piston down tower spring and the second charge valve piece in order from top to bottom.
The self-adjusting hydraulic shock absorber according to claim 1, wherein a buffer rubber sleeve is disposed between the outer wall of the damping shaft and the inner wall of the inner cylinder; and the outer wall of the damping shaft is located in the buffer rubber sleeve. The travel limit is set above the travel limit.
The self-adjusting hydraulic shock absorber according to claim 1, wherein an axial positioning fixing sleeve is disposed between the upper end of the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder; and the axial positioning fixing sleeve and the damping shaft are A fixed sleeve oil-free bearing disposed outside the inner cylinder is disposed; an upper pressing cover is fixed on the upper end of the outer cylinder, and an oil seal is arranged on the upper end outer casing of the damping shaft, the oil seal and the upper pressing cover and the axial positioning The fixing sleeves are connected by an oil seal spring.
The invention relates to a method for adjusting an autonomously-adjustable hydraulic shock absorber, characterized in that, when the shock absorber is in operation, the damping shaft and the suspension piston assembly are operated up and down, and oil pressure is generated in the inner cylinder during operation;

When the damping shaft and the suspension piston assembly are synchronously descending, the first charge valve piece in the suspension piston assembly is opened, and the vacancy generated in the inner cylinder is filled with oil when the damping shaft is descended; The pressure at the lower end of the oil piston is increased, and part of the hydraulic oil is discharged to the outer cylinder through the self-regulating valve; when the self-regulating valve is drained downward, the first oil discharge valve piece of the suspension piston assembly and the second oil supply valve of the self-regulating valve The valve plates are all closed;

When the damping shaft and the suspension piston assembly are synchronized upward, the damping shaft and the suspension piston in the inner cylinder The upper end of the assembly is full of oil, and the upper side is subjected to resistance. At this time, under the action of oil pressure, the first oil-discharging valve piece in the replenishing oil piston is opened, and the upper end hydraulic oil is in the controlled oil-discharging hole to the damping shaft and suspended. The lower end of the piston assembly is drained; and the first charge valve piece in the suspension piston assembly is closed under the action of oil pressure;

During the operation of the damper, the damper shaft and the suspension piston assembly shall be in any position regardless of the position. When the charge valve is opened, the oil discharge valve must be closed; when the oil discharge valve is opened, the oil filling valve It must be closed; and the damper shaft and suspension piston assembly must be fully oiled regardless of the position of the upper and lower ends of the suspension shaft and suspension piston assembly.