WO2018237048A1 - Câble de distribution intégré à haute puissance - Google Patents

Câble de distribution intégré à haute puissance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018237048A1
WO2018237048A1 PCT/US2018/038563 US2018038563W WO2018237048A1 WO 2018237048 A1 WO2018237048 A1 WO 2018237048A1 US 2018038563 W US2018038563 W US 2018038563W WO 2018237048 A1 WO2018237048 A1 WO 2018237048A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fiber
high power
delivery cable
power integrated
light guide
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2018/038563
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Valentin Gapontsev
Daniil MYASNIKOV
Oleg VERSHININ
Original Assignee
Ipg Photonics Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ipg Photonics Corporation filed Critical Ipg Photonics Corporation
Publication of WO2018237048A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018237048A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
    • G02B6/023—Microstructured optical fibre having different index layers arranged around the core for guiding light by reflection, i.e. 1D crystal, e.g. omniguide
    • G02B6/02304—Core having lower refractive index than cladding, e.g. air filled, hollow core
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
    • G02B6/421—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms the intermediate optical component consisting of a short length of fibre, e.g. fibre stub
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4296—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements coupling with sources of high radiant energy, e.g. high power lasers, high temperature light sources
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
    • G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
    • G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
    • G02B6/02357—Property of longitudinal structures or background material varies radially and/or azimuthally in the cladding, e.g. size, spacing, periodicity, shape, refractive index, graded index, quasiperiodic, quasicrystals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
    • H01S3/0092—Nonlinear frequency conversion, e.g. second harmonic generation [SHG] or sum- or difference-frequency generation outside the laser cavity

Definitions

  • the disclosed delivery cable is based on a fiber which includes a hollow core and an input protective element having a light transparent window that adjoins the end of the hollow core.
  • the light transparent window has an optical nano-textured surface minimizing light losses and increasing a fiber damage threshold.
  • the output end assembly of the delivery cable is configured with another protective element which together with a rare-earth ion-doped YAG, harmonic generator and collimator are integrated with the hollow fiber into the one-pence delivery cable.
  • a hollow-core fiber is an optical fiber which guides light essentially within a hollow region, so that only a minor portion of the optical power propagates in the solid fiber material.
  • Hollow-core fibers are a versatile optical transmission media. They are used in a large number of applications including their low non-linearity, an extreme robustness towards bending, low dispersion, which is beneficial for pulse compression, the possibility of maintaining polarization, degree of single mode guidance, low loss and a high damage threshold. These and other advantages make hollow-core fibers particularly suited for delivery of high energy pulses as well known to one of ordinary skill in the laser arts.
  • One of general problems of hollow-core fibers is that a hollow fiber core should be protected from environmental hazard. Typically the protection is realized by a solid component covering the end of the hollow core, or the core end piece is collapsed.
  • a fiber I includes a hollow core 2 and an outer cladding 3 for guiding the light coupled into the fiber core 2.
  • Each fiber end 4 is surrounded by a cap-shaped protective element 5 in a dustproof fashion.
  • the protective element 5 has a flat window 6 at its front face in front of fiber end 4, for coupling in and decoupling the light to be guided through the hollow fiber core 2.
  • the window 6 has an AR coating on one or both sides and is separated from fiber end 4 by a distance 16 so that a sealed intermediate space 7 remains between fiber end 4 and window 6.
  • the inventive photonic hollow core fiber is configured with a fiber cladding which defines a hollow fiber core provided with an open end terminating in the plane of the fiber end.
  • the inventive fiber further includes a protective element made from fused silica and having a central region or window which is spaced inwards from the peripheral edge of the protective element traversed by a focused laser light in a broad wavelength range.
  • At least one of the opposite surfaces of the window is nano-textured so as to have a random array of pores spikes etched directly into the window.
  • the nano-textured surface is based on the concept suggested by Lord Rayleigh postulating that the gradual change of the refractive index at the interface of optical media reduces reflections.
  • the size, the shape and the density of microstructures on the surface determines the spectral reflection and scattering with the reflectance being between 0.01% and 0.1 % in a wide spectral range that can be optimized for a particular application.
  • the protective element is directly coupled to the fiber end such that the window and core end are coaxial and co-dimensional and have no void therebetween.
  • the coupling between the fiber and protective element is dust- and water-proof.
  • the disclosed hollow core fiber may have several configurations all including one or more arrays of capillaries disposed around the periphery of the hollow core and defining a central passage.
  • One of the configurations has a revolver configuration in which an array of hollow capillaries is disposed around the periphery of the hollow core such that the peripheries of adjacent capillaries are in physical contact with one another.
  • multiple large-diameter capillaries of the first array abut one another while being disposed around the periphery of the hollow core.
  • a second array of small-diameters capillaries is arranged so that each individual small-diameter capillary is inserted in the large-diameter so that the capillaries of the second array are spaced apart from one another.
  • FIG. I is the disclosed high power pulsed laser system with the inventive integrated delivery cable configured in accordance with a prior art.
  • FIG. 2 is an elevated side view of the disclosed fiber laser system.
  • FIG.3 is an end view of one of the disclosed configurations of the hollow core fiber.
  • FIG. 4 is an end view of another configuration of the disclosed hollow core fiber.
  • FIG. 5 is an end view of still another configuration of the disclosed light guide.
  • FIGs. 6 and 7 are two examples of nano-textured surfaces.
  • FIG. 8 is reflectance spectra of three nano-textured samples optimized for different wavelengths ranges.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates total losses of the samples in FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates another embodiment of the disclosed light guide.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a monolithic fiber laser system 100 configured input and output assemblies 25 and 35, respectively.
  • the input assembly 25 includes a focusing lens 27 receiving light from a laser source and focusing the light on the input of a fiber assembly which carries light between input and output assemblies.
  • the output assembly 35 is configured with a pulse compressor 37, a second harmonic generator 39, collimator 41, and a rear earth ions-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) 33 located upstream from the pulse compressor.
  • YAG yttrium aluminum garnet
  • the fiber assembly may be configured as a single fiber made of glass, as shown in FIG. 2, or can be composed of multiple fibers or a combination of fiber and plastic, as disclosed below.
  • the single fiber made of glass is a photonic fiber 20 with hollow core 22 and at least one cladding 22 surrounding and defining hollow core 24.
  • a laser source may have a variety of configurations, but preferably is a high power fiber-based pulsed laser with a MOPFA configuration outputting a tram of pulses in a fs -- ns pulse duration range.
  • fs-ps ultra-short
  • the reduction of high power densities, which contribute to the generation of undesirable nonlinear effect in a fiber amplifier may be realized by incorporating a pulse stretcher between the oscillator and booster.
  • opposite ends 26 and 28 of fiber 20 are directly coupled to respective protective elements 30 made of fused silica without any voids between coupled surfaces.
  • the coupling may be provided by any means providing dust- and water-proof connection. It is sufficient to to have the coupling means deposited upon only the outer peripheral region of the coupled surfaces.
  • Each of protective elements 30 is provided with a window 32 which is configured to transmit substantially losslessly a laser beam in a broad range of wavelengths.
  • each window 32 is provided with an AR nano-structured element 34 (FIGs. 6 and 7) having very low reflectance between 0.01% and 0.1% in a wide spectral range that can be optimized for a particular application.
  • the nano-structured AR element includes a plurality of pores and spikes, as shown in FIGs. 6 and 7, which are etched directly into fused silica window 32.
  • nano-textured protective element 34 Compared to the traditional thin film AR coatings, nano-textured protective element 34 provides such benefits as wide AR bandwidths, no absorption and increased laser-induced damage thresholds.
  • Most of the attempts to make nano-structured optical surfaces used lithography to create a highly-ordered pattern, such as moth-eye structures.
  • lithography to create a highly-ordered pattern, such as moth-eye structures.
  • a new process fully developed and commercialized provides random AR nano-strucrures without a lithographic step. This latest process uses standard inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching to make both patterned and random nano-textures on various optical materials.
  • FIGs. 6 and 7 based on SEM (FIG. 6) and AFM (FIG. 7) images of the nano-textured surface is represented by a random array of pores/spikes with the average lateral size about 50 nm and about 500nm long.
  • the size of the nano features is a compromise between the minimization of reflection at long wavelengths that requires larger feature sizes for a more gradual refractive index change and minimization of scattering at shorter wavelengths so that the feature size is smaller than the wavelength.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the reflectance spectra of 3 nano-textured samples specifically optimized for respective wavelength ranges.
  • the green graph represents the optimized reflectance for 500-1100 nm.
  • the blue graph is optimized for 1 100 nm and red for 100- 1 100 1500 nm. As can be seen the longer wavelength causes a high percentage of reflectance, as expected.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates total optical losses of the same three samples.
  • the green line illustrates the optimized results for 500-1 100 nm; blue for 1100 nm and red for 1000- 1500 nm.
  • FIGs. 3-5 illustrate different configurations of the revolver-like hollow core provided with various arrangements of capillaries.
  • capillaries 40 are disposed next to one another around the periphery of hollow core 24.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates another array of capillaries 34 disposed around the core periphery in a spaced-apart manner.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates still another arrangement having an array of large-diameter capillaries 40, which may be in contact, as shown, or arranged in accordance with FIG. 4, and another array of small-diameter capillaries 38 inserted in respective large diameter capillaries 40.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates another embodiment of inventive monolithic system 100. Similar to other embodiments, the illustrated system features input and output assemblies (not shown here.) The configuration of light guide however differs from those shown in the above-disclosed embodiments.
  • the fiber assembly carrying input light between input and output ends thereof, has hollow fiber 20 which, unlike the one disclosed above, terminates at a distance from protective element 30, and a taper 50 made from glass or plastic.
  • the taper 50 has its opposite ends coupled to the input end of fiber 20 and protective element 30, respectively and skirts away from the fiber end towards protective element 30
  • taper 50 is a stretch of plastic configured to contain the coupled light and carry it to the input end of core 24.
  • the opposite ends of taper 50 and fiber 20 are coupled such that light propagates from the taper into core 24 without losses.
  • the losses of light between input and output ends of taper 50 do not measurably affect the light output.
  • the input, large diameter end of taper 50 is smaller than the protective element 30.
  • the output end of the fiber assembly is configured identical to the shown input end so that the fiber assembly has a symmetrical configuration relative to its median line which is perpendicular to the core axis.
  • taper 50 may be configured of glass having a core and cladding spliced with respective core 24 and cladding 22 of fiber 20. This configuration is characterized by the reduced light losses as the light is guided along the taper.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un câble de distribution intégré haute puissance basé sur une fibre optique conçue avec un cœur de fibre creuse, les faces des deux extrémités du cœur de fibre creuse étant ouvertes, et chaque extrémité de fibre est protégée par un élément de protection couplé à une extrémité de fibre d'une manière étanche à la poussière sans vide. L'élément de protection comprend une fenêtre située à côté de l'extrémité ouverte du cœur et ayant une ou les deux faces opposées pourvues d'une surface nano-texturée qui réduit la réflectance de la lumière laser incidente sur la fenêtre à 0,01 %. Intégré à la fibre dans un câble de distribution d'une seule pièce se trouvent un amplificateur YAG, un compresseur, un générateur d'harmoniques et un collimateur couplés à l'extrémité de sortie de la fibre et l'un à l'autre.
PCT/US2018/038563 2017-06-20 2018-06-20 Câble de distribution intégré à haute puissance WO2018237048A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201762522368P 2017-06-20 2017-06-20
US62/522,368 2017-06-20
US201762565279P 2017-09-29 2017-09-29
US62/565,279 2017-09-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018237048A1 true WO2018237048A1 (fr) 2018-12-27

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4030204A1 (fr) 2021-01-19 2022-07-20 Heraeus Quarzglas GmbH & Co. KG Fibre optique microstructurée et préforme associée

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7414780B2 (en) * 2003-06-30 2008-08-19 Imra America, Inc. All-fiber chirped pulse amplification systems
US7508853B2 (en) * 2004-12-07 2009-03-24 Imra, America, Inc. Yb: and Nd: mode-locked oscillators and fiber systems incorporated in solid-state short pulse laser systems
US20140321492A1 (en) * 2009-07-01 2014-10-30 Calmar Optcom, Inc., dba Calmar Laser Optical pulse compressing based on chirped fiber bragg gratings for pulse amplification and fiber lasers
US20150055962A1 (en) * 2011-11-01 2015-02-26 Fianium Ltd. Laser or Amplifier Optical Device Seeded with Nonlinearly Generated Light

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7414780B2 (en) * 2003-06-30 2008-08-19 Imra America, Inc. All-fiber chirped pulse amplification systems
US7508853B2 (en) * 2004-12-07 2009-03-24 Imra, America, Inc. Yb: and Nd: mode-locked oscillators and fiber systems incorporated in solid-state short pulse laser systems
US20140321492A1 (en) * 2009-07-01 2014-10-30 Calmar Optcom, Inc., dba Calmar Laser Optical pulse compressing based on chirped fiber bragg gratings for pulse amplification and fiber lasers
US20150055962A1 (en) * 2011-11-01 2015-02-26 Fianium Ltd. Laser or Amplifier Optical Device Seeded with Nonlinearly Generated Light

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4030204A1 (fr) 2021-01-19 2022-07-20 Heraeus Quarzglas GmbH & Co. KG Fibre optique microstructurée et préforme associée
WO2022156956A1 (fr) 2021-01-19 2022-07-28 Heraeus Quarzglas Gmbh & Co. Kg Fibre optique microstructurée et préforme associée

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