WO2018233457A1 - 空调及其室外机除霜方法 - Google Patents

空调及其室外机除霜方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018233457A1
WO2018233457A1 PCT/CN2018/088849 CN2018088849W WO2018233457A1 WO 2018233457 A1 WO2018233457 A1 WO 2018233457A1 CN 2018088849 W CN2018088849 W CN 2018088849W WO 2018233457 A1 WO2018233457 A1 WO 2018233457A1
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Prior art keywords
temperature
heat exchanger
outdoor unit
compressor
air conditioner
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2018/088849
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨中锋
王彦生
曾福祥
刘超超
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Qingdao Haier Air Conditioner Gen Corp Ltd
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Qingdao Haier Air Conditioner Gen Corp Ltd
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Publication of WO2018233457A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018233457A1/zh
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Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/41—Defrosting; Preventing freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of air conditioning, in particular to an air conditioner and a defrosting method thereof.
  • the air conditioner When the air conditioner is heated in winter, the temperature of the condenser is low, and the surface thereof is prone to frost. Therefore, after the air conditioner is heated for a while, the condenser needs to be defrosted. After the air conditioner receives the start of the defrost signal, the four-way valve is reversed, and the refrigerant flows from the compressor to the condenser and then to the evaporator and then returns to the compressor. Similar to the cooling mode, the "high temperature" gas refrigerant discharged by the press is condensed. In order to achieve the purpose of defrosting and defrosting.
  • the defrosting may not be complete under the condition that the condenser is operated in an ultra-low temperature environment for a long time. Because in the ultra-low temperature environment (below -7 °C), the temperature of the gaseous refrigerant discharged from the fixed-frequency compressor is not high, and may be only about 30 °C. Therefore, the temperature of the refrigerant may be lower when entering the condenser, even reaching below 0 °C. In this case, the defrost speed is slow and may not be clean. If the frost is not fully condensed, frost accumulation may occur and even the surface of the heat exchanger may freeze, which seriously affects the heat exchange effect of the condenser.
  • the present invention has been made in order to provide an air conditioner and an outdoor unit defrosting method thereof that overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems.
  • An object of the present invention is to improve the defrosting efficiency.
  • Another object of the invention is to prevent a protective shutdown of the compressor.
  • Another object of the present invention is to maintain the refrigerant in the outdoor unit heat exchanger within a certain temperature range.
  • the present invention provides a defrosting method for an outdoor unit of an air conditioner, the air conditioner comprising a refrigerant circulation system formed by sequentially connecting a compressor, an outdoor unit heat exchanger and an indoor unit heat exchanger, the method comprising: receiving a defrosting signal After that, the air conditioner is controlled to enter a cooling state, and the defrosting process is started; the flow rate of the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger is reduced to gradually increase the temperature of the indicator; the temperature of the indicator is detected in real time, and whether the temperature of the indicator is higher than the first preset temperature; if so, Increasing the flow rate of the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger to gradually reduce the index temperature; wherein the index temperature includes: the exhaust temperature of the compressor or the middle portion of the outdoor heat exchanger or the refrigerant outlet temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger.
  • the method further comprises: detecting the temperature of the indicator in real time, and determining whether the temperature of the indicator is lower than the second preset temperature; and the second preset temperature It is smaller than the first preset temperature; if so, the flow rate of the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor unit heat exchanger is reduced again, and the subsequent steps are repeated to keep the control index temperature between the first preset temperature and the second preset temperature.
  • one end of the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor unit heat exchanger is provided with a shut-off valve
  • the step of reducing the flow rate of the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor unit heat exchanger comprises: reducing the opening degree of the shut-off valve to reduce the flow rate of the refrigerant; and increasing the heat exchange of the outdoor unit
  • the step of the flow of the refrigerant outlet includes increasing the degree of opening of the shutoff valve to increase the flow rate of the refrigerant.
  • the defrosting method further includes: after the defrosting process ends, restoring the opening degree of the shut-off valve in the normal heating state of the air conditioner; stopping the compressor and stopping the air-conditioning cooling.
  • the step of stopping the compressor and stopping the air conditioning and cooling further comprises: after waiting for the preset time, the compressor is restarted to enter the air conditioning heating state.
  • the present invention also provides an air conditioner comprising: a refrigerant circulation system formed by sequentially connecting a compressor, an outdoor unit heat exchanger and an indoor unit heat exchanger; and a throttle device for use in the defrosting process, The flow rate of the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger is controlled; the temperature detecting device is used for detecting the temperature of the indicator, and the temperature of the indicator includes: the exhaust temperature of the compressor or the intermediate part of the heat exchanger of the outdoor unit or the outlet temperature of the refrigerant of the outdoor unit heat exchanger And the main control device configured to receive the defrosting signal, control the air conditioner to enter the cooling state, and start the defrosting process; wherein the throttling device is further configured to reduce the flow rate of the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger to gradually increase the index temperature When the index temperature is higher than the first preset temperature, increase the flow rate of the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor unit heat exchanger to gradually lower the index temperature.
  • the throttling device is further configured to: when the indicator temperature is lower than the second preset temperature, reduce the flow rate of the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger again, to control the indicator temperature to remain at the first preset temperature and Between two preset temperatures.
  • the throttling device comprises: a shut-off valve disposed at one end of the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger, configured to reduce or increase the flow of the refrigerant by adjusting the degree of opening thereof.
  • the throttling device is further configured to restore the opening degree of the shut-off valve in the normal heating state of the air conditioner after the defrosting process ends; the main control device is further configured to control the compressor to stop and stop the air conditioning and cooling.
  • the master device is further configured to wait for a preset time to control the compressor to re-enter the air conditioning heating state.
  • the throttle device is controlled to reduce the flow rate of the refrigerant at the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger, and the heat exchange amount of the outdoor unit is reduced.
  • the exhaust temperature of the compressor rises rapidly, so that the temperature of the refrigerant reaching the condenser is relatively high, which improves the defrosting effect of the defrosting speed.
  • the compressor generally has a shutdown protection function, specifically when the indicator temperature is too high, which means that the exhaust temperature of the compressor is too high, the compressor will automatically stop, to avoid malfunction of the air conditioner.
  • the method of the present invention increases the flow rate of the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger to appropriately reduce the exhaust temperature of the compressor to avoid excessive exhaust gas temperature and compressor shutdown. Causes the defrosting process to be interrupted.
  • the method of the present invention further includes: if the index temperature is lower than the second preset temperature, reducing the flow rate of the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor unit heat exchanger again to increase the index temperature.
  • the method of the invention stabilizes the temperature of the indicator between the first preset temperature and the second preset temperature by repeatedly adjusting the throttle device, so that the refrigerant flowing through the heat exchanger of the outdoor unit is maintained in a relatively high temperature range, thereby It is easier to melt the frost on the surface of the heat exchanger.
  • the exhaust temperature of the compressor is more stable, preventing the exhaust gas temperature or the temperature fluctuation of the refrigerant inside the heat exchanger from being severe, which affects the normal operation of the air conditioner.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a refrigerant flow path of an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an air conditioner in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a defrosting method of an outdoor unit of an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a defrosting method of an outdoor unit of an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 5 is a flow chart showing a defrosting method of an outdoor unit of an air conditioner according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention first provides an air conditioner indoor unit, including: a compressor 100, an outdoor unit heat exchanger 200, an indoor unit heat exchanger 300, a throttle device 500, a temperature detecting device 110, and a main control device 400.
  • the compressor 100, the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200, and the indoor unit heat exchanger 300 are sequentially connected to form a refrigerant circulation system.
  • Refrigeration cycle systems for air conditioners are known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail herein.
  • the throttle device 500 is for controlling the flow rate of the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200 during the defrosting process.
  • the throttling device 500 may be a shut-off valve 500 disposed at one end of the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200 (the above-mentioned refrigerant outlet refers to heat exchange in the outdoor unit defrosting process, or indoor unit heat exchange)
  • the device 300 is in a cooling state, and is a refrigerant outlet of the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200.
  • the shutoff valve 500 has a passage for the refrigerant to flow inside and a spool for at least partially closing the passage.
  • the air conditioner can change the opening and closing degree of the passage of the shut-off valve 500 by adjusting the position of the spool, thereby adjusting the flow rate of the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 200, and in the case of general cooling or heating, the shut-off valve
  • the 500 refrigerant passage is kept fully open.
  • the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200 includes a supercooling tube, and the throttling device 500 may be an expansion valve disposed on the supercooling tube, and the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200 is indirectly reduced by adjusting the expansion valve opening degree. Refrigerant flow at the outlet of the refrigerant.
  • the temperature detecting device 110 is disposed at an exhaust port of the compressor 100 for detecting an index temperature.
  • the above index temperature includes the exhaust temperature of the compressor 100 or the intermediate portion temperature of the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200 or the refrigerant outlet temperature of the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200.
  • the index temperature is the exhaust temperature of the compressor 100
  • the temperature detecting device 110 may include a temperature sensor disposed at the exhaust port of the compressor 100 for detecting the exhaust temperature of the compressor 100.
  • the indicator temperature may also be the temperature of the intermediate portion of the coil of the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200 or the temperature of the refrigerant outlet.
  • the exhaust temperature of the compressor 100 is related to the temperature of the refrigerant in the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200.
  • the throttling device 500 is configured to reduce the flow rate of the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200 during the defrosting process to gradually increase the index temperature; and to increase the outdoor unit exchange when the exhaust index temperature is higher than the first preset temperature The flow rate of the refrigerant outlet of the heat exchanger 200 is gradually lowered to the index temperature.
  • the throttle device 500 is a shutoff valve 500
  • the index temperature is the exhaust temperature of the compressor 100
  • the first preset temperature may be 75 °C.
  • the index temperature may also be the intermediate portion temperature or the refrigerant outlet temperature of the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200, in which case the corresponding first predetermined temperature should be less than 75 °C.
  • the opening degree of the shutoff valve 500 is reduced during the defrosting period, the flow rate of the refrigerant is decreased, and the amount of heat exchange is lowered.
  • the exhaust temperature of the compressor 100 is rapidly increased, so that the temperature of the refrigerant reaching the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200 is relatively high, and the defrosting effect of the defrosting speed is improved.
  • the compressor 100 may be mechanically shut down, so when the exhaust gas temperature rises to the first preset temperature, it is necessary to appropriately increase the opening degree of the shutoff valve 500.
  • the opening degree of the shutoff valve 500 When the opening degree of the shutoff valve 500 is increased, the exhaust gas temperature of the compressor 100 is lowered, and when the exhaust gas temperature is lower than the second preset temperature, the flow rate of the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200 is again reduced.
  • the exhaust gas temperature is controlled to be maintained between the first preset temperature and the second preset temperature.
  • the second preset temperature may be 60 °C.
  • the air conditioner stops heating and starts defrosting.
  • the defrosting signal is received, the compressor 100 and the fan are stopped, the heating is suspended, and the rear four-way valve 600 is reversed to the position of the cooling state, in preparation for starting the defrosting, at which time the shut-off valve 500 is in the fully open state.
  • the shut-off valve 500 When the defrosting is started (that is, the indoor unit enters the cooling state), the shut-off valve 500 is first controlled to reduce the opening degree so that the refrigerant flow rate at the outlet of the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200 is lower than that in the normal cooling condition, and the compressor 100 is started after 5 s. run. Due to the significant throttling effect of the shut-off valve 500, the press exhaust temperature will rise rapidly and is significantly higher than the exhaust temperature of the compressor 100 in the normal cooling state of the air conditioner.
  • the control shut-off valve 500 increases the opening degree (if the exhaust gas temperature is too high, the compressor 100 will be protectively stopped, so that the defrosting cannot be continued), the exhaust gas temperature will drop, when it falls to At 60 ° C, the shut-off valve 500 again reduces the opening to increase the exhaust gas temperature, so that the cycle is repeated, so that the exhaust gas temperature is always in the high temperature range of 60-75 ° C, greatly improving the defrosting effect.
  • the main control device 400 is also configured to control the compressor 100 to stop and stop the air conditioning refrigeration after the defrosting process ends.
  • the throttle device 500 is also configured to restore the flow rate of the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200 in the heating state. When the preset defrost time is over, the defrost stops. At this time, regardless of the opening and closing state of the shutoff valve 500, the shutoff valve 500 is first fully opened, and the state of heating is restored to prevent the circulation of the refrigerant from being blocked. The heating is affected and the compressor 100 is then shut down.
  • the main control device 400 is further configured to wait for a preset time to control the compressor 100 to re-enter into the air conditioning heating state. After waiting for the preset time, the four-way valve 600 is switched to the heating state position, and the compressor 100 starts the fan operation and enters the normal heating mode, and the entire defrost cycle is completed.
  • control method of this embodiment may generally include the following steps:
  • Step S302 after receiving the defrosting signal, control the air conditioner to enter a cooling state, and start defrosting.
  • the above air conditioning refrigeration state is basically the same as that of the general air conditioner in the summer, that is, the refrigerant releases heat through the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200, and the cooling capacity is released through the indoor unit heat exchanger 300. However, there are some differences. In the above air conditioning refrigeration state, the indoor unit fan may not be opened to avoid blowing cold air into the room, which may affect the user.
  • the defrost signal can be sent by the internal program of the air conditioner. For example, each time the air conditioner is heated for a certain period of time, the air conditioner sends a defrost command, and the main control panel controls the air conditioner to automatically enter the defrost mode.
  • the defrost signal can also be transmitted by the user via the remote control.
  • step S304 the flow rate of the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200 is reduced to gradually increase the index temperature.
  • the above index temperature may include the exhaust temperature of the compressor 100 or the intermediate portion temperature of the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200 or the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200 refrigerant outlet temperature.
  • the refrigerant flow is reduced, and the heat exchange capacity of the outdoor unit is reduced.
  • the exhaust temperature of the compressor 100 and the associated index temperature will rise rapidly, so that the temperature of the refrigerant reaching the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200 is relatively increased, so that the high temperature refrigerant is more likely to melt the frost on the surface of the outdoor heat exchanger 200. Increases the defrosting speed and defrosting effect.
  • Step S306 detecting the indicator temperature in real time, and determining whether the index temperature is higher than the first preset temperature.
  • the compressor 100 has a shutdown protection function. When the exhaust temperature of the compressor 100 is too high, the compressor 100 automatically stops to avoid malfunction of the air conditioner. Therefore, when the index temperature exceeds the first preset temperature, it is necessary to appropriately lower the exhaust temperature of the compressor 100 to avoid the compressor 100 from being shut down.
  • step S308 if the result of the determination in step S306 is YES, the flow rate of the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200 is increased to gradually lower the index temperature.
  • the index temperature exceeds the first preset temperature, the flow rate of the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200 is increased, and the heat exchange amount of the outdoor unit is increased, so that the exhaust temperature of the compressor 100 and the related index temperature are lowered. If the result of the determination in step S306 is no, the waiting index temperature reaches the first preset temperature.
  • the expansion device 500 may be a shutoff valve 500 provided at one end of the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200.
  • the shutoff valve 500 has an opening through which the refrigerant flows and a valve body for at least partially closing the opening.
  • the air conditioner can change the opening and closing degree of the opening of the shutoff valve 500 by adjusting the position of the spool, thereby adjusting the flow rate of the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 200, and in the case of general cooling or heating, the shutoff valve The 500 is kept fully open.
  • the index temperature is selected from the exhaust temperature of the compressor 100.
  • the control method performs the following steps in sequence:
  • Step S402 after receiving the defrosting signal, control the air conditioner to enter a cooling state, and start defrosting.
  • step S404 the flow rate of the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200 is reduced to gradually increase the exhaust temperature of the compressor 100.
  • step S406 it is determined whether the exhaust temperature of the compressor 100 is higher than the first preset temperature.
  • the first preset temperature may be 75 °C.
  • step S408 if the result of the determination in step S306 is YES, the flow rate of the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200 is increased to gradually lower the exhaust temperature of the compressor 100. If the result of the determination in the step S306 is NO, the exhaust gas temperature of the compressor 100 is awaited to reach the first preset temperature.
  • step S410 it is determined whether the exhaust temperature of the compressor 100 is lower than the second preset temperature. If the result of the determination in step S410 is YES, the flow rate of the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200 is again reduced to gradually increase the exhaust temperature of the compressor 100. If the result of the determination in step S410 is NO, the compressor 100 is waited for the exhaust gas temperature to drop to the second preset temperature.
  • the second preset temperature may be 60 °C.
  • the flow rate of the refrigerant at the outlet of the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200 is controlled by adjusting the opening degree of the shutoff valve 500.
  • the exhaust gas temperature of the compressor 100 is always in a high temperature range of 60-75 ° C, so that the refrigerant flowing through the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200 is maintained in a relatively high temperature range, greatly improving the defrosting effect.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a defrosting method of an outdoor unit of an air conditioner according to another embodiment of the present invention, and the control method of the embodiment sequentially performs the following steps:
  • Step S502 after the defrosting process ends, the flow rate of the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200 in the heating state is restored.
  • step S504 the compressor 100 is stopped, and the air conditioning is stopped.
  • the shutoff valve 500 is first fully opened, and the state of heating is restored to prevent the circulation of the refrigerant from being blocked. The heating is affected and the compressor 100 is then shut down.
  • Step S506 waiting for the preset time. Before entering the air conditioning heating state, it is necessary to wait for a preset time, so that the temperature of the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200 drops to a certain extent, and the four-way valve 600 is switched to the heating state again. In order to prevent the outdoor unit heat exchanger 200 from suddenly switching from heating to cooling, the temperature difference is too large to damage the coil.
  • step S508 the compressor 100 is turned back on to enter the air conditioning heating state.
  • the press starts the fan and the air conditioner re-enters the heating state.

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Abstract

一种空调及其室外机除霜方法，在空调进入室外机的除霜模式后，控制节流装置（500）减少室外机换热器（200）出口的冷媒流量，室外机换热量降低。这样压缩机（100）的排气温度会快速升高，从而使到达冷凝器的冷媒温度也相对较高，提升了除霜速度的除霜效果。另外，压缩机（100）具有停机保护功能，当指标温度过高时，意味着压缩机（100）的排气温度过高，压缩机（100）会自动停机，避免空调发生故障。因此，本发明的方法当指标温度超过第一预设温度时，增加室外机换热器（200）的冷媒出口的流量，以适当降低压缩机（100）的排气温度，以避免压缩机（100）停机，除霜过程中断。

Description

空调及其室外机除霜方法 技术领域
本发明涉及空调领域，特别涉及一种空调及其室外机除霜方法。
背景技术
空调冬天制热时，冷凝器的温度低，其表面容易结霜。因此，在空调制热一段时间后，需要对冷凝器进行除霜。在空调接收到开始除霜信号后，四通阀换向，冷媒由压缩机流向冷凝器再流向蒸发器之后回到压缩机，类似于制冷模式，利用压机排出的“高温”气体冷媒经过冷凝器，从而达到化霜、除霜目的。
然而空调在冬天制热时，冷凝器长时间在超低温环境运行情况下，除霜可能不彻底。因为在超低温环境下(-7℃以下)，定频压缩机排出的气态冷媒温度不高，可能只有30℃左右。因此进入冷凝器时冷媒温度可能更低，甚至到达0℃以下。这种情况下除霜速度缓慢，而且可能除不干净。如果不能充分化霜，就可能出现结霜累积甚至出现换热器表面结冰，严重影响冷凝器的换热效果。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，提出了本发明以便提供一种克服上述问题或者至少部分地解决上述问题的空调及其室外机除霜方法。
本发明的一个目的是为了提高除霜效率。
本发明的另一个目的是为了防止压缩机保护性停机。
本发明的另一个目的是为了保持室外机换热器中的冷媒在一定的温度范围内。
一方面，本发明提供了一种空调室外机的除霜方法，空调包括由压缩机、室外机换热器和室内机换热器依次相连形成的冷媒循环系统，方法包括：接收到除霜信号后，控制空调进入制冷状态，开始除霜过程；减少室外机换热器冷媒出口的流量，以逐渐提高指标温度；实时检测指标温度，并判断指标温度是否高于第一预设温度；若是，增加室外机换热器冷媒出口的流量，以逐渐降低指标温度；其中指标温度包括：压缩机的排气温度或室外机换热器 的中间部分温度或室外机换热器冷媒出口温度。
可选地，在增加室外机换热器冷媒出口的流量，以逐渐降低指标温度的步骤之后还包括：实时检测指标温度，并判断指标温度是否低于第二预设温度；第二预设温度小于第一预设温度；若是，再次减少室外机换热器冷媒出口的流量，并重复后续步骤，以控制指标温度保持在第一预设温度和第二预设温度之间。
可选地，室外机换热器冷媒出口的一端设置有截止阀，其中减少室外机换热器冷媒出口的流量的步骤包括：减少截止阀的打开程度，以减少冷媒流量；增加室外机换热器冷媒出口的流量的步骤包括：增加截止阀的打开程度，以增加冷媒流量。
可选地，上述除霜方法还包括：在除霜过程结束后，恢复空调正常制热状态下截止阀的打开程度；压缩机停机，停止空调制冷。
可选地，压缩机停机，停止空调制冷的步骤之后还包括：等待预设时间后，压缩机重新开启进入空调制热状态。
另一方面，本发明还提供了一种空调，包括：由压缩机、室外机换热器和室内机换热器依次相连形成的冷媒循环系统；节流装置，用于在除霜过程中，控制室外机换热器冷媒出口的流量；温度检测装置，用于检测指标温度，指标温度包括：压缩机的排气温度或室外机换热器的中间部分温度或室外机换热器冷媒出口温度；和主控装置，配置成接收到除霜信号后，控制空调进入制冷状态，开始除霜过程；其中节流装置，还配置成减少室外机换热器冷媒出口的流量，以逐渐提高指标温度；在指标温度高于第一预设温度的情况下，增加室外机换热器冷媒出口的流量，以逐渐降低指标温度。
可选地，节流装置还配置成：在指标温度低于第二预设温度的情况下，再次减少室外机换热器冷媒出口的流量，以控制指标温度保持在第一预设温度和第二预设温度之间。
可选地，节流装置包括：截止阀，设置于室外机换热器冷媒出口的一端，配置成通过调整自身的打开程度以减少或增加冷媒流量。
可选地，节流装置，还配置成在除霜过程结束后，恢复空调正常制热状态下截止阀的打开程度；主控装置，还配置成控制压缩机停机，停止空调制冷。
可选地，主控装置，还配置成等待预设时间后，控制压缩机重新开启进 入空调制热状态。
本发明的方法，在空调进入室外机的除霜模式后，控制节流装置减少室外机换热器出口的冷媒流量，室外机换热量降低。这样压缩机的排气温度会快速升高，从而使到达冷凝器的冷媒温度也相对较高，提升了除霜速度的除霜效果。另外，压缩机一般具有停机保护功能，具体是指当指标温度过高时，意味着压缩机的排气温度过高，压缩机会自动停机，避免空调发生故障。因此，本发明的方法当指标温度超过第一预设温度时，增加室外机换热器的冷媒出口的流量，以适当降低压缩机的排气温度，以避免排气温度过高，压缩机停机导致除霜过程中断。
进一步地，本发明的方法还包括：若指标温度低于第二预设温度，则再次减少室外机换热器冷媒出口的流量，以提升指标温度。本发明的方法通过反复调节节流装置，令指标温度稳定在第一预设温度和第二预设温度之间，使得流经室外机换热器的冷媒保持在较高的温度范围内，从而更容易融化换热器表面的结霜。同时在除霜过程中，压缩机的排气温度更加稳定，防止出现排气温度或换热器内部冷媒温度波动剧烈，影响空调正常工作。
根据下文结合附图对本发明具体实施例的详细描述，本领域技术人员将会更加明了本发明的上述以及其他目的、优点和特征。
附图说明
后文将参照附图以示例性而非限制性的方式详细描述本发明的一些具体实施例。附图中相同的附图标记标示了相同或类似的部件或部分。本领域技术人员应该理解，这些附图未必是按比例绘制的。附图中：
图1是根据本发明一个实施例的空调的冷媒流路的示意图；
图2是根据本发明一个实施例的空调的示意性框图；
图3是根据本发明一个实施例的空调室外机的除霜方法的示意图；
图4是根据本发明一个实施例的空调室外机的除霜方法的流程图；
图5是根据本发明另一个实施例的空调室外机的除霜方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例首先提供了一种空调室内机，包括：压缩机100、室外机换热器200、室内机换热器300、节流装置500、温度检测装置110和主控装置400。
压缩机100、室外机换热器200和室内机换热器300依次相连形成的冷媒循环系统。空调的制冷循环系统为本领域技术人员悉知的，这里不做详述。
节流装置500用于控制在除霜过程中，室外机换热器200冷媒出口的流量。在本实施例中，节流装置500可以为设置于室外机换热器200冷媒出口一端的截止阀500(上述所指冷媒出口是指在室外机除霜过程中，或者说在室内机换热器300处于制冷状态下，室外机换热器200的冷媒出口)。截止阀500内部具有供冷媒流通的通道以及用于至少部分封闭上述通道的阀芯。在除霜状态下，空调可以通过调整阀芯的位置改变截止阀500通道的开闭程度，从而调整室外机换热器200冷媒出口的流量，而在一般的制冷或制热情况下，截止阀500的冷媒通道是保持全开的。在本发明另外一些实施例中，室外机换热器200包括过冷管，节流装置500可以为设置于过冷管上的膨胀阀，通过调整膨胀阀开度间接减少室外机换热器200冷媒出口的冷媒流量。
温度检测装置110设置于压缩机100的排气口处，用于检测指标温度。上述指标温度包括：压缩机100的排气温度或室外机换热器200的中间部分温度或室外机换热器200冷媒出口温度。在本实施例中，指标温度为压缩机100的排气温度，温度检测装置110可以包括设置于压缩机100排气口处的温度传感器，该温度传感器用于检测压缩机100的排气温度。在一些可替代实施例中，指标温度还可以为室外机换热器200盘管中间部分的温度或冷媒出口的温度。本领域技术人员应当了解，压缩机100的排气温度和室外机换热器200内的冷媒温度是相关的，一般而言，压缩机100的排气温度越高，室外机换热器200内的冷媒温度就会越高，因此，可以通过检测室外机换热器200中间部分的温度或冷媒出口的温度替代压缩机100的排气温度作为指标温度。
节流装置500配置成在除霜过程中，减少室外机换热器200冷媒出口的流量，以逐渐提高指标温度；在排气指标温度高于第一预设温度的情况下，增加室外机换热器200冷媒出口的流量，以逐渐降低指标温度。在本实施例中，节流装置500为截止阀500，上述指标温度为压缩机100的排气温度，上述第一预设温度可以为75℃。在本发明另外一些实施例中，指标温度还可以是室外机换热器200的中间部分温度或冷媒出口温度，在这种情况下，相应的第一预设温度应小于75℃。
在本实施例中，除霜期间减小截止阀500的开度，冷媒流量减少，换热 量降低。这样压缩机100的排气温度会快速升高，从而使到达室外机换热器200的冷媒温度也相对较高，提升了除霜速度的除霜效果。
但是，若压缩机100的排气温度持续升高，会造成压缩机100保护性停机，因此当排气温度上升至第一预设温度时，需要适当增大截止阀500的开度。
当截止阀500的开度增大时，压缩机100的排气温度会下降，在排气温度低于第二预设温度的情况下，再次减少室外机换热器200冷媒出口的流量，以控制排气温度保持在第一预设温度和第二预设温度之间。通过控制截止阀500的开关状态，能够使流经室外机换热器200的冷媒温度始终保持在较高的温度范围内。上述第二预设温度可以为60℃。
具体地，在空调制热状态下工作一段时间，室外机换热器200表面结霜到达一定程度后，空调暂停制热并开始除霜。当接收到除霜信号时，压缩机100、风机停止，暂停制热，而后四通阀600换向转为制冷状态的位置，为开始除霜做准备，此时截止阀500处于全开状态。当开始除霜时(即室内机进入制冷状态)，首先控制截止阀500减小开度，以使得室外机换热器200出口的冷媒流量小于正常制冷情况下的水平，5s后压缩机100启动运行。由于截止阀500明显的节流作用，压机排气温度会快速上升，且明显高于空调正常制冷状态下压缩机100的排气温度。当温度上升到75℃上时，控制截止阀500增加开度(如果排气温度过高会造成压缩机100保护性停机，从而无法继续除霜)，排气温度会随之下降，当下降到60℃时，截止阀500再次减少开度，以提高排气温度，如此循环反复，这样就能使排气温度始终处于60-75℃的高温度区间内，极大提高了除霜效果。
主控装置400还配置成在除霜过程结束后，控制压缩机100停机，停止空调制冷。节流装置500，还配置成恢复制热状态下室外机换热器200冷媒出口的流量。当预设的除霜时间结束后，除霜停止，此时不论截止阀500处于何种开闭状态都要首先控制截止阀500全开，恢复到制热时的状态，以防止冷媒流通受阻，影响制热，然后压缩机100再停机。
主控装置400，还配置成等待预设时间后，控制压缩机100重新开启进入空调制热状态。等待预设时间后四通阀600换向转为制热状态位置，压缩机100启动风扇运行，进入正常制热模式，至此整个除霜周期完成。
图3是根据本发明一个实施例的空调室内外机的除霜方法的示意图。本 实施例的控制方法一般性地可以包括以下步骤：
步骤S302，接收到除霜信号后，控制空调进入制冷状态，开始除霜。上述空调制冷状态和一般空调在夏天的制冷原理基本相同，即冷媒经室外机换热器200释放热量，经室内机换热器300释放冷量。但存在一些区别，在上述空调制冷状态而中，室内机风机未必开启，以避免将冷风吹向室内，对用户造成影响。该除霜信号可以由空调内部程序执行发送，例如每当空调制热一段时间后，空调程序发送除霜指令，主控板控制空调自动进入除霜模式。该除霜信号还可以由用户通过遥控器进行发送。
步骤S304，减少室外机换热器200冷媒出口的流量，以逐渐提高指标温度。上述指标温度可以包括：压缩机100的排气温度或室外机换热器200的中间部分温度或室外机换热器200冷媒出口温度。冷媒流量减少，室外机换热量降低。这样压缩机100的排气温度以及相关的指标温度会快速升高，从而使到达室外机换热器200的冷媒温度也相对提高，这样高温冷媒更容易融化室外机换热器200表面的结霜，提升了除霜速度和除霜效果。
步骤S306，实时检测指标温度，并判断指标温度是否高于第一预设温度。在本实施例中，压缩机100具有停机保护功能，当压缩机100的排气温度过高时，压缩机100会自动停机，以避免空调发生故障。因此，当指标温度超过第一预设温度时，需要适当降低压缩机100的排气温度，以避免压缩机100停机。
步骤S308，若步骤S306的判断结果为是，增加室外机换热器200冷媒出口的流量，以逐渐降低指标温度。当指标温度超过第一预设温度时，增加室外机换热器200冷媒出口的流量，室外机换热量提高，这样压缩机100的排气温度以及相关的指标温度会降低。若步骤S306的判断结果为否，则等待指标温度达到第一预设温度。
图4是根据本发明一个实施例的空调室内外机的除霜方法的流程图。在本实施例中，节流装置500可以为设置于室外机换热器200冷媒出口一端的截止阀500。截止阀500内部具有供冷媒流通的开口以及用于至少部分封闭上述开口的阀芯。在除霜状态下，空调可以通过调整阀芯的位置改变截止阀500开口的开闭程度，从而调整室外机换热器200冷媒出口的流量，而在一般的制冷或制热情况下，截止阀500是保持全开的。指标温度选用压缩机100的排气温度。该控制方法依次执行以下步骤：
步骤S402，接收到除霜信号后，控制空调进入制冷状态，开始除霜。
步骤S404，减少室外机换热器200冷媒出口的流量，以逐渐提高压缩机100排气温度。
步骤S406，判断压缩机100排气温度是否高于第一预设温度。上述第一预设温度可以为75℃。
步骤S408，若步骤S306的判断结果为是，增加室外机换热器200冷媒出口的流量，以逐渐降低压缩机100排气温度。若步骤S306的判断结果为否，则等待压缩机100排气温度达到第一预设温度。
步骤S410，判断压缩机100排气温度是否低于第二预设温度。若步骤S410的判断结果为是，再次减少室外机换热器200冷媒出口的流量，以逐渐提高压缩机100排气温度。若步骤S410的判断结果为否，则等待压缩机100排气温度下降到第二预设温度。上述第二预设温度可以为60℃。
本实施例的空调室外机除霜方法，通过调节截止阀500的开度，控制室外机换热器200出口的冷媒流量。使得压缩机100的排气温度始终处于60-75℃的高温度区间内，从而使得流经室外机换热器200的冷媒保持在较高的温度范围内，极大提高了除霜效果。
图5是根据本发明另一实施例的空调室外机的除霜方法的流程图，该实施例的控制方法依次执行以下步骤：
步骤S502，除霜过程结束后，恢复制热状态下室外机换热器200冷媒出口的流量。
步骤S504，压缩机100停机，停止空调制冷。当预设的除霜时间结束后，除霜停止，此时不论截止阀500处于何种开闭状态都要首先控制截止阀500全开，恢复到制热时的状态，以防止冷媒流通受阻，影响制热，然后压缩机100再停机。
步骤S506，等待预设时间。在进入空调制热状态之前，需要等待预设时间，使得室外机换热器200温度下降一定程度，四通阀600再换向转为制热状态位置。以避免室外机换热器200突然由制热切换到制冷，温度差过大损坏盘管。
步骤S508，压缩机100重新开启进入空调制热状态。压机启动风扇运行，空调重新进入制热状态。
至此，本领域技术人员应认识到，虽然本文已详尽示出和描述了本发明 的多个示例性实施例，但是，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的情况下，仍可根据本发明公开的内容直接确定或推导出符合本发明原理的许多其他变型或修改。因此，本发明的范围应被理解和认定为覆盖了所有这些其他变型或修改。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种空调室外机的除霜方法，所述空调包括由压缩机、室外机换热器和室内机换热器依次相连形成的冷媒循环系统，所述方法包括：
    接收到除霜信号后，控制所述空调进入制冷状态，开始除霜过程；
    减少所述室外机换热器冷媒出口的流量，以逐渐提高指标温度；
    实时检测指标温度，并判断所述指标温度是否高于第一预设温度；
    若是，增加所述室外机换热器冷媒出口的流量，以逐渐降低所述指标温度；其中
    所述指标温度包括：所述压缩机的排气温度或所述室外机换热器的中间部分温度或室外机换热器冷媒出口温度。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的除霜方法，在增加所述室外机换热器冷媒出口的流量，以逐渐降低所述指标温度的步骤之后还包括：
    实时检测所述指标温度，并判断所述指标温度是否低于第二预设温度；所述第二预设温度小于所述第一预设温度；
    若是，再次减少所述室外机换热器冷媒出口的流量，并重复后续步骤，以控制所述指标温度保持在所述第一预设温度和所述第二预设温度之间。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的除霜方法，所述室外机换热器冷媒出口的一端设置有截止阀，其中
    减少所述室外机换热器冷媒出口的流量的步骤包括：
    减小所述截止阀的打开程度，以减少冷媒流量；
    增加所述室外机换热器冷媒出口的流量的步骤包括：
    增加所述截止阀的打开程度，以增加冷媒流量。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的除霜方法，还包括：
    在除霜过程结束后，恢复空调正常制热状态下所述截止阀的打开程度；
    压缩机停机，停止空调制冷。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的除霜方法，其中压缩机停机，停止空调制冷的步骤之后还包括：
    等待预设时间后，压缩机重新开启进入空调制热状态。
  6. 一种空调，包括：
    由压缩机、室外机换热器和室内机换热器依次相连形成的冷媒循环系统；
    节流装置，用于在除霜过程中，控制所述室外机换热器冷媒出口的流量；
    温度检测装置，用于检测指标温度，所述指标温度包括：所述压缩机的排气温度或所述室外机换热器的中间部分温度或室外机换热器冷媒出口温度；和
    主控装置，配置成接收到除霜信号后，控制所述空调进入制冷状态，开始除霜过程；其中
    所述节流装置，还配置成减少所述室外机换热器冷媒出口的流量，以逐渐提高所述指标温度；在所述指标温度高于第一预设温度的情况下，增加所述室外机换热器冷媒出口的流量，以逐渐降低所述指标温度。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的空调，其中所述节流装置还配置成：
    在所述指标温度低于第二预设温度的情况下，再次减少所述室外机换热器冷媒出口的流量，以控制所述指标温度保持在所述第一预设温度和所述第二预设温度之间。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的空调，其中所述节流装置包括：
    截止阀，设置于所述室外机换热器冷媒出口的一端，配置成通过调整自身的打开程度以减少或增加冷媒流量。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的空调，其中
    所述节流装置，还配置成在除霜过程结束后，恢复空调正常制热状态下所述截止阀的打开程度；
    所述主控装置，还配置成控制压缩机停机，停止空调制冷。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的空调，其中
    所述主控装置，还配置成等待预设时间后，控制压缩机重新开启进入空调制热状态。
PCT/CN2018/088849 2017-06-22 2018-05-29 空调及其室外机除霜方法 Ceased WO2018233457A1 (zh)

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