WO2018233198A1 - 一种基于环状交织阵列的悬浮物动态监测方法与装置 - Google Patents

一种基于环状交织阵列的悬浮物动态监测方法与装置 Download PDF

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WO2018233198A1
WO2018233198A1 PCT/CN2017/111892 CN2017111892W WO2018233198A1 WO 2018233198 A1 WO2018233198 A1 WO 2018233198A1 CN 2017111892 W CN2017111892 W CN 2017111892W WO 2018233198 A1 WO2018233198 A1 WO 2018233198A1
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signal
transducer
receiving
frequency
transmitting
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French (fr)
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宁更新
宁秋燕
王波文
张军
冯义志
季飞
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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Priority to US16/463,392 priority Critical patent/US11480510B2/en
Priority to SG11201903044WA priority patent/SG11201903044WA/en
Publication of WO2018233198A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018233198A1/zh
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/18—Water
    • G01N33/1886—Water using probes, e.g. submersible probes, buoys
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/24—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting acoustical wave
    • G01P5/241—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting acoustical wave by using reflection of acoustical waves, i.e. Doppler-effect
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N2015/0042—Investigating dispersion of solids
    • G01N2015/0053—Investigating dispersion of solids in liquids, e.g. trouble
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • G01N2015/0687—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions in solutions, e.g. non volatile residue
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of liquid suspension dynamic monitoring, in particular to a method and a device for dynamically monitoring suspended matter based on a circular interlaced array.
  • Suspended solids concentration is one of the important factors affecting the quality of water environment and an important indicator of environmental monitoring. At the same time, the sedimentation of suspended solids will also form algal contamination events.
  • the detection technology of underwater suspended solids concentration and velocity, especially the multi-scale resolution of suspended solids detection technology, is of great significance for the prevention and control of water pollution and the development of marine economy.
  • the gravimetric method measures the concentration of suspended solids by sampling, filtering, drying, weighing, etc.
  • the measurement is accurate and the operation is simple, but the sampling conditions and measurement conditions will affect the accuracy of the measurement results, and the data of a small number of points is difficult. Reflect the changes and distribution of water quality in a wide range of waters.
  • the optical method uses the attenuation and scattering of light to measure the concentration of suspended matter, but the optical instruments generally used are fine and costly, and the optical properties of light in water vary with the concentration of suspended solids in the water, so Limits the application of optical methods.
  • remote sensing technology uses satellite or aerial remote sensing information to carry out spatial distribution and dynamic quantitative analysis of water quality (including suspended matter content) over a large area. It has the characteristics of macroscopic, large-area and periodic dynamic monitoring.
  • satellite remote sensing data needs to be verified with field data and modeled with field data, which still limits the real-time, convenient and rapid use of suspended solids concentration and linearity measurements.
  • the test instrument is a turbidimeter.
  • the standard instrument is a Jackson candle turbidity meter.
  • the turbidity meter can only be used directly to measure water samples with turbidity greater than 25 degrees. It is very inconvenient for low turbidity water use. People vary.
  • the above methods generally measure the concentration and linearity of the suspension separately, without considering the motion of the suspension.
  • the main object of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a suspension based on a circular interleaved array.
  • the dynamic monitoring method of the object uses different transceiving transducer arrays to transmit and receive the measurement signals, and the concentration and the linearity distribution of various suspended objects having a relatively large linear range can be obtained by one measurement.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a suspension dynamics monitoring apparatus based on the above method.
  • a method for dynamically monitoring suspended matter based on a circular interlaced array comprising the following steps:
  • the measuring device is stationary relative to the ground and sends a measurement signal s(t) vertically downward in the water containing the suspended matter:
  • A is the amplitude of the signal
  • W is the unilateral bandwidth of the signal
  • f 0 is the center frequency of the signal
  • its power spectrum is 0.5A on the positive half-axis, 2W in bandwidth, and f 0 at the center frequency.
  • the transmission duration is T 0 , T 0 ⁇ T
  • the s(t) frequency range should be included in the frequency range of the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer used, and there is a reflector directly below the transmitting transducer to ensure that the receiving transducer can receive the reflected signal sufficiently;
  • the transmission frequency is F
  • the unit vector of the z direction can be expressed as Set the water flow speed to Where v wx , v wy , v wz represent the components of the water flow velocity in the three directions of the coordinate axes x, y, and z, respectively, and the velocity of the water flow velocity in the S ⁇ G direction is:
  • the flow velocity in the water is mainly related to the water flow velocity. Therefore, it is estimated that the sedimentation velocity or flow velocity of the suspended solids can be converted into the calculated flow velocity of the suspended water body;
  • the propagation speed is c. Since the signal emission point S is stationary, according to the Doppler effect, the frequency at which the signal reaches the reflector is:
  • L represents the distance that the measurement signal is transmitted from the transmitting transducer S to the reflector G and finally to the receiving transducer R i .
  • ⁇ i , ⁇ i , ⁇ i are respectively vectors The angle between the coordinate axes x, y, and z can be obtained.
  • Vector unit vector is Then the velocity of the water flow velocity in the direction of G ⁇ R i is:
  • the measurement signal is subject to the Doppler effect; for the measurement signal s(t), it is sent once every period T at the transmitting end, and the signal is in the water.
  • the Doppler shift occurs due to the Doppler effect, so the period of the reflected signal r i (t) finally received by the receiving end R i is Receiving frequency Since there is no motion at the receiving end, the frequency at which the signal reaches the i-th receiving transducer R i is:
  • the measurement signal s(t) is sent from the transmission to the reception, and the relationship between the reception frequency and the transmission frequency is:
  • ⁇ is a Doppler factor
  • the M receiving transducers are required to list the M equations shown in the above formula, and M ⁇ 3, the three unknown numbers can be obtained, thereby obtaining the three-dimensional flow velocity of the suspended water body, that is, the suspended matter speed;
  • the system function of the transmitting transducer S is H 1 (f)
  • the system function of the receiving transducer is H 2 (f)
  • receiving in the same transceiver array The transducer parameters are the same, and the system functions H 1 (f) and H 2 (f) can be obtained by looking at the corresponding transducer parameters;
  • the measurement signal s(t) passes through the system H 1 (f) when it is emitted, and the received signal r i (t) also passes through the system H 2 (f) first, so that it propagates before and after propagation in the water.
  • the measured signal power spectrum is H 1 (f)S(f) and (f)/H 2 (f);
  • step S5-3 the discrete signal power spectrum of the measured signal at the f s k/N frequency point corresponding to the receiving transducer R i is The discrete signal power spectrum of the measured signal at the corresponding f s k/N frequency of the transmitting transducer S is The attenuation parameter Q k is thus obtained:
  • each transmit transducer transmits a measurement signal of a different frequency range, and if the wide frequency range to be measured is [f 1 , f m ], the wide frequency band can be divided into N Segment [f 1 , f 2 ], [f 3 , f 4 ], ..., [f m-1 , f m ], using N transmit transducers, the first transducer transmit frequency range is [f 1 , f 2 ] measurement signal s 1 (t), second transducer transmits measurement signal s 2 (t) with frequency range [f 3 , f 4 ], and so on; one transmit transducer corresponds to one transmit and receive Array, repeating steps S1-S5 for different transceiver arrays, can estimate the concentration, linearity distribution and velocity of suspended matter in the water.
  • different frequency bands may be consecutive or separated by a certain distance, and the transducer for receiving the measurement signal shall also be a receiving transducer of the corresponding frequency band.
  • a suspension dynamic monitoring device based on the above method comprises an operation module, a processing module, a transceiver module and an output module, and a power supply, wherein the power supply supplies power to all modules;
  • the operation module is connected to the processing module, and the processing module is respectively connected to the transceiver module and the output module ;
  • the transceiver module comprises a measuring frame, N reflectors and N transceiver arrays; the measuring frame is used for fixing the reflector and the different transceiver arrays; the transceiver arrays are separated by a certain distance; each transceiver array comprises a transmitting transducer And M receiving transducers, M ⁇ 3, the signal transmitting or receiving surfaces of all transducers are located at the same horizontal plane; the receiving transducers in each transceiver array are connected to the transmitting transducers, and the same transceiver array The distance between the receiving transducer and the transmitting transducer is the same, the frequency of the transmitting and receiving transducers in the same transceiver array is matched; the reflector is located directly under different transceiver arrays, and the reflecting surfaces of the N reflectors are on the same horizontal plane;
  • the operator inputs corresponding parameters through the operation module, and the processing module generates each segment of the measurement signal according to the parameter information, and transmits to the transmitting transducer of the transceiver array of the corresponding frequency band in the transceiver module to transmit and control the transmission period of the transmitting transducer;
  • the signal emitted by the transmitting transducer in the array receives the reflected signal from the corresponding receiving transducer array and transmits it to the processing module;
  • the processing module calculates the concentration and the linearity distribution of the suspended matter, and calculates the suspended water body according to the Doppler effect. Three-dimensional Flow rate; finally, the measured concentration and linear distribution value of the suspended solids and the water flow rate value are transmitted to the output module output display.
  • the number N of transceiver arrays depends on the application scenario and the range of measurements.
  • the measuring frame of the fixed reflector can adjust the height up and down.
  • the processing module comprises a digital processor, a digital to analog converter and an analog to digital converter.
  • the reflector is a material that facilitates signal reflection.
  • the measuring frame is made of a corrosion-resistant hard material.
  • the transceiver arrays are connected by a metal or plastic material.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
  • the present invention divides the frequency range of the required measurement into different frequency bands, and uses different transceiving transducer arrays to transmit and receive the measurement signals, and can obtain the concentration of various suspended substances having a relatively large linearity range by one measurement. And line distribution.
  • the circular multi-band interlaced array can be used to measure the concentration and linearity of suspended matter and the three-dimensional flow velocity of suspended water in combination with Doppler effect to realize real-time monitoring of water quality.
  • the circular multi-band interleaving array adopted by the invention can realize the separation of signals in different frequency bands, and can effectively suppress interference between measurement signals in different frequency bands.
  • the reflector of the present invention employs a material that facilitates signal transmission so that the receiving transducer can receive a sufficient amount of reflected signals.
  • the components required for the device of the present invention are all readily available, and the device is low in cost and highly feasible with respect to the optical device used in the optical method.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a process of analyzing a signal transmitted from a transmitting transducer to an underwater reflector
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a process of analyzing a signal from a reflector to a receiving transducer array
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a state of receiving and receiving a measurement signal
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the composition and connection of the device module
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a transceiver module of the device
  • FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of a ring-shaped transceiver array
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a specific implementation process of the measuring device.
  • Acoustic waves are elastic waves, which have the characteristics of small loss and long distance in water. Therefore, the method uses sound waves as measurement signals.
  • Existing underwater acoustic transducers range in frequency from tens of hertz to several kilohertz, and can even reach tens of megahertz, but the frequency span of a single transducer is difficult to cover the scale of water suspension. Therefore, a plurality of measurement signals of different frequency ranges are required, each transmitting transducer transmits a certain frequency range of signals, and uses multiple underwater acoustic transducers to transmit and receive signals, and technically can pass multi-band underwater sound
  • the combination of transducers is realized, that is, the detection system is a multi-incremental array structure; in addition, in order to obtain the three-dimensional flow velocity of the suspended matter, an over-receiving array structure is required.
  • the present embodiment provides an active underwater acoustic detection model based on a circular multi-band interleaving array and a three-dimensional flow velocity detection method for a suspended water body using a Doppler effect.
  • This embodiment uses the measurement signal as shown in equation (1):
  • A is the amplitude of the signal
  • W is the unilateral bandwidth of the signal
  • f 0 is the center frequency of the signal
  • its power spectrum is 0.5A on the positive half-axis, 2W in bandwidth, and f 0 at the center frequency. Rectangular pulse.
  • each transmitting transducer transmits a measurement signal of a different frequency range. If the wide frequency range that the experiment needs to measure is [f 1 , f m ], the wide frequency band can be divided into N segments [f 1 , f 2 ], [ f 3 , f 4 ], ..., [f m-1 , f m ], using N transmit transducers, the transducer 1 transmits a measurement signal s 1 (t of frequency range [f 1 , f 2 ] ), the transducer 2 transmits the measurement signal s 2 (t) having a frequency range of [f 3 , f 4 ], and so on.
  • these different frequency bands can be continuous or separated by a certain distance.
  • the receiver should also be the receiving transducer for the corresponding frequency band.
  • Step S1 Sending a measurement signal
  • the s(t) frequency range should be included in the frequency range of the transmitting transducer and receiving transducer used, and there is a reflector directly below the transmitting transducer to ensure that the receiving transducer can adequately receive the reflected signal.
  • Step S2 The process of analyzing the signal from the transmitting transducer to the reflector
  • This step analyzes the process by which acoustic waves are transmitted from the ultrasonic transducer to the underwater reflector, and the frequency at which the signal reaches the reflector is calculated.
  • the water surface is selected as the reference system, and the position of the ultrasonic transmitting probe S is taken as the coordinate origin, and the vertical ground downward direction is the z-direction to establish the spatial rectangular coordinate system, and the coordinate of S is (0, 0, 0), and the reflection is
  • the coordinates of the body G are (0, 0, z)
  • the corresponding three receiving transducers R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are on the same plane as the ultrasonic transmitting probe S. It can be seen from step S1 that the transmitting transducer S emits a measurement signal in the positive direction of the z-axis, that is, in FIG.
  • the unit vector with the transmission frequency of F and z can be expressed as
  • the flow rate in the water is mainly related to the flow velocity, so it is estimated that the sedimentation velocity or flow velocity of the suspended solids can be converted into the flow rate of the suspended water.
  • the velocity of sound waves under water is c. Since the signal emission point S is stationary, according to the Doppler effect, the frequency at which the signal reaches the reflector is
  • Step S3 The process of analyzing the signal from the reflector to the receiving transducer array
  • This process analyzes the process by which the signal passes from the reflector to the receiving transducer array, calculating the frequency at which the signal reaches the receiving probe.
  • the receiving process, the three receiving transducers R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are equidistant from the transmitting transducer S, and L indicates that the measurement signal is transmitted from the transmitting transducer S to the reflector G and finally transmitted.
  • L indicates that the measurement signal is transmitted from the transmitting transducer S to the reflector G and finally transmitted.
  • ⁇ i , ⁇ i , ⁇ i are respectively vectors
  • the angle between the coordinate axes x, y, and z can be obtained.
  • Vector unit vector is Then the velocity of the water flow velocity in the direction of G ⁇ R i is
  • the sound wave is subjected to the flow of water, so the measurement signal is subject to the Doppler effect.
  • the measurement signal For reflected signal r R i i finally receives the measurement signal s (t), transmitted at the transmitting side every time period T, the signal due to the Doppler effect during the Doppler-shifted propagating in water, so the receiving end
  • the period of (t) is Receiving frequency Since the receiving end has no motion, the frequency at which the signal reaches the i-th receiving transducer R i is
  • Equation (7) contains three unknowns v wx , v wy and v wz , so three or more receiving transducers are required to list three or more equations as shown in the above equation. Unknown number (if more than three equations are listed, then three equations with linear independence are selected in the equation to solve three unknowns), thereby obtaining the three-dimensional flow velocity of the suspended water, which is the velocity of the suspended matter.
  • three transducers and one transmitting transducer are matched to form a transceiver array. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 (S, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 ), a transceiver array is formed.
  • each receiving transducer in the same transceiver array is equidistant from the transmitting transducer, so in the same transceiver array, the measurement signal starts from the transmitting transducer S to the reflector G and finally passes to each receiving.
  • the distance between the transducers is L.
  • Step S4 Estimating the concentration and linearity distribution of the suspended matter
  • step S3 it can be seen from step S3 that three or more receiving transducers are required for reception of the same measurement signal.
  • three receiving transducers R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are used . Since the signal is subjected to the action of suspended matter and water in the water and the Doppler effect, the signal received by the receiving end is not equal in frequency domain, and for the transmitted signal s(t), it is transmitted by the transducer or The impact of other devices may not be equal in power spectrum. Therefore, for the transceiver array, the estimation of the concentration and the linearity distribution of the suspended matter using the signal power spectrum is as follows:
  • the measurement signal s(t) passes through the system H 1 (f) when it is emitted, and the received signal r i (t) also passes through the system H 2 (f) first, so
  • the measured signal power spectrum after propagation in water is H 1 (f)S(f) and (f) / H 2 (f).
  • the method or experimental formula can invert the concentration of the suspended matter, and each frequency point f s k/N of the measurement signal corresponds to the concentration of the suspension of the quarter-wavelength line.
  • Step S5 Repeat the above steps for other transceiver arrays to estimate the concentration and linearity of the suspended matter.
  • the analysis of the power spectrum in step S4 is on the positive half axis, and one transmission transducer and the corresponding three receiving transducers in a single transceiver array are analyzed, and the transmission and reception array analysis of other frequency bands is consistent.
  • the plurality of transceiver arrays are used to form an interleaving array, and according to steps S1 to S4, the measurement signals of the multi-band frequency bands are transmitted and received, and the concentration of suspended matter in the water body can be estimated by analyzing the power spectrum before and after the water passing through the water body, the Doppler effect, and the like. , line distribution and speed.
  • the above method forms an annular transceiving array by combining one transmitting transducer and three or more receiving transducers in the same frequency band through an active acoustic detecting model of the circular multi-band interleaving array, and transmitting and receiving the same, which can suppress different Band transducer Interference between.
  • concentration and linearity estimation of liquid suspension can be achieved by using a plurality of transceiver arrays responsible for different frequency bands, according to the power of the transmitted and received signals and the center frequency.
  • the above method combines the Doppler effect, periodically transmits the measurement signal through the circular multi-band interleaving array and analyzes the Doppler frequency shift of the signal, thereby realizing the three-dimensional flow velocity measurement of the suspended water body, and finally realizing the dynamic monitoring of the liquid suspension.
  • the required measurement frequency range is about [300KHz, 400KHz], which is responsible for this range.
  • the frequency range of a single transceiver array must include this range.
  • the concentration of the suspension of the two linearities can be estimated using the parameters (Q 0 to Q 99 ) and the parameters (Q 100 to Q 199 ).
  • a measuring device based on the method in Embodiment 1, comprising an operating module 101, a processing module 102, a transceiver module 103 and an output module 104, and a power source, as shown in FIG.
  • the operation module is connected to the processing module and is mainly used for human-computer interaction. According to the application scenario, the transmission power, the frequency range in which each transducer transmits and receives, and the signal frequency, amplitude and signal transmission period of the corresponding frequency band measurement signals are selected.
  • the processing module is respectively connected to the transceiver module and the output module, and performs data processing according to the instruction input by the operation module, and sends and receives the waveform and data of the measurement signal through the transceiver module, and analyzes and processes the received signal data to obtain the suspended matter concentration and the linearity.
  • the measurement results of the distributed and suspended water flow rate are transmitted to the output module output display.
  • the processing module includes a digital processor 203, a digital to analog converter 201, and an analog to digital converter 202.
  • the digital processor 203 can be implemented by a DSP chip or an ARM, and the digital-to-analog converter (D/A) 201 and the analog-to-digital converter (A/D) 202 can also be implemented by using a DSP chip.
  • the digital processor generates a measurement signal of each segment according to an instruction of the operation module and transmits the measurement signal to the digital-to-analog converter 201. In addition, it acquires data of the received signal from the analog-to-digital converter 202 to estimate the concentration and the linearity distribution of the suspended matter. The flow rate is estimated; the estimated result is then passed to the output module output.
  • the digital-to-analog converter and the analog-to-digital converter act as a bridge between the digital processor and the transceiver module, and transmit the digital-to-analog conversion of the signal generated by the digital processor to the interleaving array, and receive the signal from the transceiver module for analog-to-digital conversion to the digital processor for processing. .
  • the transceiver module 103 includes a measurement rack 303, a reflector 304, and N ring transceiver arrays (interleaved arrays).
  • the number N of ring-shaped transceiver arrays depends on the application scenario and the range of measurements.
  • the measuring frame 303 is used to connect and fix the reflector 304 and the different transceiver arrays in the transceiver module 103.
  • Each transceiver array includes a transmit transducer 301 and three (or more than three) receive transducers 302. As shown in FIG. 6, receive transducers 302 in each transmit and receive array are coupled to transmit transducers 301.
  • the transmit and receive faces of the transmit transducer 301 and the receive transducer 302 of all transceiver arrays are on the same horizontal plane, ie, the transducers used in different transceiver arrays may not be sized, but each transducer The signal emitting surface or receiving surface is located at the same level.
  • the transmitting transducer 301 transmits measurement signals of different frequency segments, and each frequency segment may be continuous or may be separated by a certain frequency, and the receiving transducer 302 receives the transmitting transducer 301 in the corresponding transmitting and receiving array.
  • signal of. Transceiver transducer frequency matching in the same transceiver array is responsible for obtaining measurement signal transmission from the digital-to-analog converter and transmitting the received signal to the analog-to-digital converter.
  • the measuring frame 303 is made of a corrosion-resistant metal hard material for connecting N transceiver arrays and N reflectors, and a sliding structure is adopted between the upper and lower sides of the measuring frame to adjust the relative distance between the transmitting and receiving array and the reflector 304.
  • 304 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, located directly under different transceiver arrays, ensuring that the corresponding receiving transducer can receive the reflected signal sufficiently, and the upper surface of all the reflectors (ie, the side opposite to the corresponding transceiver array) is on the same horizontal surface, reflecting
  • the body size is comparable to the corresponding transmit transducer 301, using materials such as metals that facilitate signal reflection.
  • the signal emitting or receiving surfaces of the transducers of all the transceiver arrays are located at the same horizontal plane, and the upper surfaces of all the reflectors 304 are also at the same horizontal plane, all the transceiver arrays and the corresponding reflectors 304 directly under the transceiver array The distance between them is equal.
  • the different receiving transducers 302 and the transmitting transducers 301 in the same transceiver array are equidistant, that is, the center of the signal receiving surface of the different receiving transducers 302 in the same transceiver array is transmitted to the center.
  • the center point distance of the signal emitting surface of the transducer 301 is the same, so the distance L through which the signals pass in the same transceiver array is the same.
  • the output module is used to display the result of the estimation analysis of the processing module, or send the detection result to the next processing system, so that the system responds according to the detection result.
  • Step 1 According to the frequency range that each transducer in the array is responsible for, select the measurement signal of the corresponding center frequency, and determine its signal amplitude and transmission period. Enter the operation parameters, the system detects whether the operation module has an operation request, and if there is an operation request, the processing module saves the parameter in response to the request.
  • Step 2 Enter a signal to start measuring through the operating module.
  • Step 3 When the processing module receives the start measurement signal, each segment of the measurement signal is generated according to the input parameter.
  • Step 4 The generated measurement signal is transmitted to the digital-to-analog converter, converted into an analog signal and transmitted to the transceiver module, and transmitted and received.
  • the module transmits the measurement signal through a transmit transducer in a ring transceiver array of the corresponding frequency band.
  • Step 5 The receiving transducers in each of the ring-shaped transceiver arrays respectively receive the reflected signals of the corresponding frequency bands, and convert them into electrical signals and transmit them to the analog-to-digital converter.
  • Step 6 The digital signal processor first filters out the signals outside the frequency range of each transducer, and superimposes the filtered signals to calculate the power spectrum amplitude, the center frequency, and the received period or frequency of the received signal, according to Embodiment 1.
  • the specific method in the method uses the existing method or experimental formula to estimate the concentration, linearity and velocity of the suspended solids.
  • Step 8 The monitoring result of the suspended matter (including the linearity and the corresponding concentration, the flow rate of the suspended water body) is transmitted to the output module, and the output module outputs the result.

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Abstract

一种基于环状交织阵列的悬浮物动态监测方法与装置，采用的环状多频段交织阵列可结合多普勒效应在线测量悬浮物的浓度和线度分布、悬浮水体的三维流速，实现水质的实时监测。通过将所需测量的频率范围分成不同的频段，利用不同的收发换能器阵列对测量信号进行发送和接收，能通过一次测量得出线度范围相当大的各种悬浮物的浓度和线度分布。

Description

一种基于环状交织阵列的悬浮物动态监测方法与装置 技术领域
本发明涉及液体悬浮物动态监测技术领域，特别涉及一种基于环状交织阵列的悬浮物动态监测方法与装置。
背景技术
悬浮物浓度是水环境质量的重要影响因素之一，也是环境监测的一项重要指标。同时，悬浮物的沉降，也会形成藻类污染事件。水下悬浮物浓度和速度的检测技术，特别是多尺度分辨悬浮物的检测技术，对水污染的防治和海洋经济的发展有重要意义。
对于悬浮物的检测，目前市场已有现成的测试仪器和方法。第一，重量法通过采样、过滤、烘干、称重等过程测量悬浮物浓度，测量准确，操作简单，但是采样条件和测定条件都会对测量结果的准确性产生影响，少量点的数据也难以反映大范围水域水质的变化和分布情况。第二，光学法利用光的衰减和散射来测量悬浮物浓度，但一般使用的光学仪器设备精细，成本高，同时光在水中的光学性质会随着水中悬浮物浓度的变化而变化，因此也限制了光学法的应用。第三，遥感技术通过卫星或航空遥感信息进行大面积范围内水质情况(包括悬浮物含量)的空间分布及动态的定量分析，具有宏观、大面积、周期性动态监测的特点。但是，卫星遥感的数据需要用现场数据进行验证，同时与现场数据建立模型，这仍然对悬浮物浓度和线度测量的实时、方便快捷性以及广泛使用产生了限制。测试仪器如浊度仪，其标准仪器为杰克逊烛光浊度计，该浊度计只能直接用于测定浊度大于25度的水样，对低浊水使用很不方便，测得结果往往因人而异。此外，上述方法一般为单独测量悬浮物浓度和线度，且没有考虑悬浮物的运动。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于克服现有技术的缺点与不足，提供一种基于环状交织阵列的悬浮 物动态监测方法，利用不同的收发换能器阵列对测量信号进行发送和接收，能通过一次测量得出线度范围相当大的各种悬浮物的浓度和线度分布。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种基于上述方法的悬浮物动态监测装置。
本发明的目的通过以下的技术方案实现：
一种基于环状交织阵列的悬浮物动态监测方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、发送测量信号；
测量装置相对于地面处于静止状态，在含有悬浮物的水中竖直向下发送测量信号s(t)：
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000001
式中，A是信号的幅度，W是信号的单边带宽，f0是信号的中心频率，其功率谱图在正半轴上为幅度为0.5A、带宽为2W、中心频率为f0的矩形脉冲：
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000002
每隔周期T发送一次，即发送频率为F＝1/T，发送时长为T0，T0<T；
s(t)频率范围应包含在所用发射换能器和接收换能器的频率范围中，且发射换能器正下方有一个反射体，以保证接收换能器能充分接收到反射信号；
S2、计算信号到达反射体时的频率；
选取地面作为参考系，以超声发射探头S的位置为坐标原点，垂直地面向下为z方向建立空间直角坐标系，则S的坐标为(0,0,0)，反射体G的坐标为(0,0,z)，相应的多个接收换能器均和超声发射探头S在同一平面上；
发射换能器S向z轴正方向，即
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000003
方向发射测量信号，发送频率为F，z方向的单位向量可表示为
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000004
设水流速度为
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000005
其中vwx，vwy，vwz分别代表水流速度在坐标轴x、y、z三个方向上的分量，则水流速度在S→G方向的速度为：
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000006
对于水中的悬浮物，由于悬浮物体积和质量都较小，在水中的流速主要与水流速度有关，因此估计悬浮物的沉降速度或流动速度可转换为计算悬浮水体的流速；假设声波在水下的传播速度为c，由于信号发射点S静止，根据多普勒效应可得，信号到达反射体时的频率为：
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000007
S3、计算信号到达接收探头时的频率；
L表示测量信号从发射换能器S出发传至反射体G最后传至接收换能器Ri的距离，
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000008
为测量信号从反射体G传至接收换能器Ri的传播方向，αi、βi、γi分别为向量
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000009
与坐标轴x、y、z的夹角，可得到
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000010
向量的单位向量为
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000011
则水流速度在G→Ri方向上的速度为：
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000012
声波由反射体G至接收点Ri的过程中，受到水流的作用，因此测量信号会受到多普勒效应；对于测量信号s(t)，在发送端每隔周期T发送一次，信号在水中传播的过程中由于多普勒效应产生多普勒频移，因此接收端Ri最终接收到的反射信号ri(t)的周期为
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000013
接收频率
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000014
由于接收端没有运动，因此信号到达第i个接收换能器Ri时的频率为：
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000015
整理，得到测量信号s(t)从发送到接收的过程中，接收频率与发送频率之间的关系为：
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000016
其中，Δ为多普勒因子；
S4、需要M个的接收换能器列出如上式所示的M个的等式，M≥3，即可求出上述三个未知数，由此求得悬浮水体的三维流速，即为悬浮物的速度；
S5、估计悬浮物的浓度和线度分布；
利用信号功率谱对悬浮物浓度及线度分布做估计过程如下：
S5-1、采样；
由于测量信号s(t)在水中受到衰减，同时受多普勒效应的影响，因此对第i个接收换能器Ri接收到的信号ri(t)，i＝1,2,..,M，采样后得到的信号为：
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000017
其中，Bi、Δi分别为接收信号的幅度和多普勒因子，wi(n)为信号噪声，采样频率fs＝1/Ts(fs＞2f(f0+W))，Δi可由步骤S3求出；
S5-2、对接收信号ri(n)的自相关函数Ri(n)作2N点离散傅里叶变换，得
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000018
S5-3、对该收发阵列的信号进行分析，发射换能器S的系统函数为H1(f)，接收换能器的系统函数均为H2(f)，同一个收发阵列中的接收换能器参数相同，且系统函数H1(f)和H2(f)可通过查看相应的换能器参数获得；
测量信号s(t)发射出去时先经过系统H1(f)，同时，接收到的信号ri(t)也先经过系统H2(f)，因此在水中传播前和在水中传播过后的测量信号功率谱分别为H1(f)S(f)和
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000019
(f)/H2(f)；
S5-4、由步骤S5-3，测量信号在接收换能器Ri相应的fsk/N频点上的离散信号功率谱为
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000020
测量信号在发射换能器S相应的fsk/N频点上的离散信号功率谱为
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000021
由此得到衰减参数Qk：
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000022
表示测量信号经过水体前后的衰减参数；
S5-5、对于M个接收换能器接收的信号，对信号相应区间离散功率谱进行叠加，根据衰减参数Qk(k＝0,1,…,N-1)和传输距离L反演出悬浮物的浓度，而测量信号的每个频点fsk/N则对应了四分之一波长线度的悬浮物的浓度。
优选的，使用多个发射换能器；每个发射换能器发送不同频率范围的测量信号，如需要测量的宽频率范围为[f1,fm]，则可将该宽频段分为N段[f1,f2]、[f3,f4]、……、[fm-1,fm]，使用N个发射换能器，第一换能器发送频率范围为[f1,f2]的测量信号s1(t)，第二换能器发送频率范围为[f3,f4]的测量信号s2(t)，依此类推；一个发射换能器对应一个收发阵列，对不同收发阵列重复步骤S1-S5，可估计出水体中悬浮物的浓度、线度分布以及速度。
具体的，不同的频段可连续也可相隔一定的距离，且用于接收该测量信号的换能器也应为相应频段的接收换能器。
一种基于上述方法的悬浮物动态监测装置，包括操作模块、处理模块、收发模块和输出模块和电源，电源为所有模块供电；操作模块与处理模块连接，处理模块分别与收发模块以及输出模块相连；
收发模块包括测量架、N个反射体和N个收发阵列；测量架用于将反射体以及不同的收发阵列连接固定；收发阵列之间相隔一定的距离；每个收发阵列包括一个发射换能器和M个接收换能器，M≥3，所有换能器的信号发射面或接收面均位于同一水平面；每个收发阵列中的接收换能器都和发射换能器相连，同个收发阵列中接收换能器到发射换能器的距离相同，同个收发阵列中的收发换能器频率匹配；反射体位于不同收发阵列正下方，且N个反射体的反射面在同一水平面上；
操作者通过操作模块输入对应的参数，处理模块根据参数信息产生各段测量信号，传送给收发模块中相应频段的收发阵列的发射换能器发射并控制发射换能器的发送周期；对于该收发阵列中发射换能器发射的信号，其对应的接收换能器阵列接收反射信号，传送给处理模块；处理模块计算出悬浮物的浓度和线度分布，同时，根据多普勒效应计算悬浮水体的三维 流速；最后将测量出来的悬浮物的浓度和线度分布值、水体流速值传送给输出模块输出显示。
优选的，收发阵列的数目N根据应用场景和测量的范围而定。
优选的，固定反射体的测量架横架可上下调节高度。
优选的，处理模块包括数字处理器、数模转换器及模数转换器。
优选的，反射体采用利于信号反射的材料。
优选的，测量架采用耐腐蚀的硬质材料。
优选的，收发阵列之间用金属或塑料材料相连。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下优点和有益效果：
1、本发明通过将所需测量的频率范围分成不同的频段，利用不同的收发换能器阵列对测量信号进行发送和接收，能通过一次测量得出线度范围相当大的各种悬浮物的浓度和线度分布。
2、采用的环状多频段交织阵列可结合多普勒效应在线测量悬浮物的浓度和线度分布、悬浮水体的三维流速，实现水质的实时监测。
3、本发明采用的环状多频段交织阵列能实现不同频段信号的相互分离，能有效抑制不同频段的测量信号之间的干扰。
4、本发明的反射体采用利于信号发射的材料，使接收换能器能接收到充分多的反射信号。
5、本发明装置所需的部件都是易于获取的，相对于光学方法采用的光学设备，本装置成本低廉、可行性强。
附图说明
图1为分析信号从发射换能器传至水下反射体的过程示意图；
图2为分析信号从反射体传至接收换能器阵列的过程示意图；
图3为测量信号收发状态示意图；
图4为装置模块组成及连接示意图；
图5为装置的收发模块具体结构示意图；
图6为环状收发阵列结构图；
图7为测量装置的具体实施过程流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
声波是弹性波，在水中具有损耗小、传播距离远的特点，因此本方法利用声波作为测量信号。要测量多种尺度(不同直径大小)的近海及河口的水中悬浮物，其中尺度从分米级(海草、浮游垃圾等)跨度到毫米甚至到微米级(有机和无机碎屑，海藻、细沙等)，理论上需要使用波长为0.25倍悬浮物尺度的宽频带超声进行探测(探测频率跨度从10kHz到10Mkz或以上)。现有水声换能器频率范围从数十赫兹到数千赫兹，甚至可以达到几十兆赫兹，但是，单个换能器的频率跨度难以囊括水体悬浮物的尺度范围。因此需要多个不同频率范围的测量信号，每个发射换能器发送某段频率范围的信号，使用多个水声换能器将信号进行发送和接收，在技术上则可通过多频带水声换能器组合实现，即探测系统是一个多发多收阵列结构；此外若要获得悬浮物的三维流速，则需要一发多收阵列结构。
基于上述原理，本实施例提供一种基于环状多频段交织阵列的主动式水声检测模型和利用多普勒效应的悬浮水体三维流速检测方法。
本实施例使用如式(1)所示的测量信号：
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000023
式中，A是信号的幅度，W是信号的单边带宽，f0是信号的中心频率，其功率谱图在正半轴上为幅度为0.5A、带宽为2W、中心频率为f0的矩形脉冲。
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000024
由于一个发射换能器只能发送一定频率范围的超声信号，因此需要使用多个发射换能器。每个发射换能器发送不同频率范围的测量信号，如实验需要测量的宽频率范围为[f1,fm]，则可将该宽频段分为N段[f1,f2]、[f3,f4]、……、[fm-1,fm]，使用N个发射换能器，换能器1发送频率范围为[f1,f2]的测量信号s1(t)，换能器2发送频率范围为[f3,f4]的测量信号s2(t)，依此类推。且这些不同的频段可连续也可相隔一定的距离，如以上划分的频率f2和f3之间可相隔一定的距离也可使f2＝f3，且用于接收该测量信号的换能器也应为相应频段的接收换能器。
接下来以其中一个发射换能器为例，分析本实施例的测量方法步骤。
步骤S1：发送测量信号
测量装置相对于地面处于静止状态，在含有悬浮物的水中竖直向下发送测量信号，即式(1)中的s(t)，每隔周期T发送一次，即发送频率为F＝1/T，发送时长为T0(T0<T)。s(t)频率范围应包含在所用发射换能器和接收换能器的频率范围中，且发射换能器正下方有一个反射体，以保证接收换能器能充分接收到反射信号。
步骤S2：分析信号从发射换能器传至反射体的过程
该步骤分析声波从超声发射换能器传至水下反射体的过程，计算信号到达反射体时的频率。
如图1所示，选取水面作为参考系，以超声发射探头S的位置为坐标原点，垂直地面向下为z方向建立空间直角坐标系，则S的坐标为(0,0,0)，反射体G的坐标为(0,0,z)，相应的三个接收换能器R1、R2、R3均和超声发射探头S在同一平面上。由步骤S1可知，发射换能器S向z轴正方向发射测量信号，即图1中的
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000025
发送频率为F，z方向的单位向量可表示为
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000026
设水流速度为
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000027
其中vwx，vwy，vwz分别代表水流速度在坐标轴x、y、z三个方向上的分量，则水流速度在S→G方向的速度为
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000028
对于水中的悬浮物，由于悬浮物体积和质量都较小，在水中的流速主要与水流速度有关，因此估计悬浮物的沉降速度或流动速度可转换为计算悬浮水体的流速。假设声波在水下的传播速度为c，由于信号发射点S静止，根据多普勒效应可得，信号到达反射体时的频率为
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000029
步骤S3：分析信号从反射体传至接收换能器阵列的过程
此过程分析信号从反射体传至接收换能器阵列的过程，计算信号到达接收探头时的频率。
如图2所示为接收过程，三个接收换能器R1、R2、R3与发射换能器S等距，L表示测量信号从发射换能器S出发传至反射体G最后传至接收换能器Ri(i＝1,2,3)的距离，
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000030
为测量信号从反射体G传至接收换能器Ri的传播方向，αi、βi、γi分别为向量
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000031
与坐标轴x、y、z的夹角，可得到
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000032
向量的单位向量为
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000033
则水流速度在G→Ri方向上的速度为
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000034
声波由反射体G至接收点Ri的过程中，受到水流的作用，因此测量信号会受到多普勒效应。对于测量信号s(t)，在发送端每隔周期T发送一次，信号在水中传播的过程中由于多普勒效应产生多普勒频移，因此接收端Ri最终接收到的反射信号ri(t)的周期为
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000035
接收频率
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000036
由于接收端没有运动，因此信号到达第i个接收换能器Ri时的频率为
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000037
整理，得到测量信号s(t)从发送到接收的过程中，接收频率与发送频率之间的关系为
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000038
其中，Δ为多普勒因子。式(7)中含有三个未知数vwx、vwy和vwz，因此需要三个或以上的接收换能器列出如上式所示的三个以上的等式，即可求出上述三个未知数(若列出的等式在三个以上，则在等式中选取线性无关的三个等式求解三个未知数)，由此求得悬浮水体的三维流速，即为悬浮物的速度。本实施例使用三个换能器和一个发射换能器相匹配，构成一个收发阵列，如图1、图2中的(S，R1，R2，R3)构成了一个收发阵列。
在本实施例中，同个收发阵列中各个接收换能器与发射换能器等距，因此在同个收发阵列中，测量信号从发射换能器S出发至反射体G最后传至各个接收换能器的距离均为L。
步骤S4：估计悬浮物的浓度和线度分布
由步骤S3可知，对于同一测量信号，需要三个或以上的接收换能器进行接收，本实施例使用三个接收换能器R1、R2、R3。由于信号在水中会受到悬浮物及水体的作用以及多普勒效应，因此接收端接收到的信号频域不等幅，且对于发射信号s(t)，在实际应用中受发射换能器或其他器件的影响，其功率谱图可能也不等幅。因此，对该收发阵列，利用信号功率谱对悬浮物浓度及线度分布做估计过程如下：
I.采样。由于测量信号s(t)在水中受到衰减，同时受多普勒效应的影响，因此对第i个接收换能器Ri接收到的信号ri(t)(i＝1,2,3)采样后得到的信号为
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000039
其中，Bi、Δi分别为接收信号的幅度和多普勒因子(i＝1,2,3)，wi(n)为信号噪声，采样频率fs＝1/Ts(fs＞2f(f0+W))，Δi可由公式(7)求出。
II.对接收信号ri(n)的自相关函数Ri(n)作2N点离散傅里叶变换(DFT)，得
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000040
III.对该收发阵列的信号进行分析，如图3中的C点和Di点(i＝1,2,3)。发射换能器S的系统函数为H1(f)，三个接收换能器的系统函数均为H2(f)(同一个收发阵列中的接收换能器参数相同)，且系统函数H1(f)和H2(f)可通过查看相应的换能器参数获得。如图所示，测量信号s(t)发射出去时先经过系统H1(f)，同时，接收到的信号ri(t)也先经过系统H2(f)，因此在水中传播前和在水中传播过后的测量信号功率谱分别为H1(f)S(f)和
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000041
(f)/H2(f)。
IV.由III，测量信号在Di点相应的fsk/N频点上的离散信号功率谱为
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000042
测量信号在C点相应的fsk/N频点上的离散信号功率谱为
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000043
由此得到衰减参数Qk，
Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-000044
表示测量信号经过水体前后(即图3中的C点和Di点)的衰减参数。
V.对于三个接收换能器接收的信号，对信号相应区间离散功率谱进行叠加，根据衰减参数Qk(k＝0,1,…,N-1)和传输距离L，利用现有的方法或实验公式可以反演出悬浮物的浓度，而测量信号的每个频点fsk/N则对应了四分之一波长线度的悬浮物的浓度。
步骤S5：对其他收发阵列重复以上步骤，估计悬浮物的浓度和线度
步骤S4中关于功率谱的分析均在正半轴，且是对单个收发阵列中的一个发射换能器及相应的三个接收换能器作分析，其他频段的收发阵列分析一致。利用多个收发阵列，构成一个交织阵列，并根据步骤S1～4，收发多段频段的测量信号，通过分析测量信号经过水体前后的功率谱、多普勒效应等可估计出水体中悬浮物的浓度、线度分布以及速度。
上述方法通过环状多频段交织阵列的主动式声检测模型，将相同频段的一个发射换能器和三个或三个以上的接收换能器组成一个环状收发阵列，收发结合，可抑制不同频段换能器 之间的干扰。利用多个负责不同频段的收发阵列、根据收发信号的功率和中心频率，可实现液体悬浮物的浓度和线度估计。另外，上述方法结合多普勒效应，通过环状多频段交织阵列周期性发送测量信号并分析信号的多普勒频移，可实现悬浮水体的三维流速测量，最终实现液体悬浮物的动态监测。
应用举例：对于范围为(1.5cm,2cm)的悬浮物，由于声音在水中的传播速度c约为1500m/s，因此所需的测量频率范围约为[300KHz,400KHz]，则负责该范围的单个收发阵列的频率范围必须包含该范围。将接收到的信号进行采样，采样点数为N＝200，即有200个参数(Q0～Q199)。根据上述方法中的估计方法，利用参数(Q0～Q99)和参数(Q100～Q199)可以估计出两种线度的悬浮物浓度。
实施例2
一种基于实施例1中的方法的测量装置，包括操作模块101、处理模块102、收发模块103和输出模块104和电源，如图4所示。
操作模块与处理模块连接，主要用于人机交互，根据应用场景选择：发射功率、各个换能器发射和接收所负责的频率范围、以及相应频段测量信号的信号频率、幅度和信号发送周期。
处理模块分别与收发模块以及输出模块相连，它根据操作模块输入的指令进行数据处理，通过收发模块发出以及接收测量信号的波形和数据，对接收信号数据进行分析处理得出悬浮物浓度和线度分布、悬浮水体流速的测量结果，将结果传输给输出模块输出显示。处理模块包括数字处理器203、数模转换器201及模数转换器202。其中数字处理器203可以用DSP芯片或者ARM等实现，数模转换器(D/A)201和模数转换器(A/D)202也可以用DSP芯片实现。数字处理器根据操作模块的指令产生各段的测量信号传送给数模转换器201；另外，它从模数转换器202中获取接收信号的数据进行悬浮物的浓度和线度分布估计线度和流速估计；然后将估计的结果传送给输出模块输出。数模转换器和模数转换器充当数字处理器和收发模块的桥梁，将数字处理器产生的信号数模转换传给交织阵列发送，从收发模块接收信号进行模数转换传给数字处理器处理。
收发模块103包括测量架303、反射体304和N个环状收发阵列(交织阵列)。环状收发阵列的数目N根据应用场景和测量的范围而定。测量架303用于将反射体304以及收发模块 103中不同的收发阵列连接固定。如图5所示，收发阵列之间相隔一定的距离di(i＝1,2,…,N-1)，各段距离di可不相等，用金属或塑料材料连接固定，用于发送和接收不同频段的测量信号。
每个收发阵列包括一个发射换能器301和三个(或三个以上)接收换能器302，如图6，每个收发阵列中的接收换能器302都和发射换能器301相连。所有收发阵列的发射换能器301和接收换能器302的信号发射面或接收面均在同一水平面上，即，不同收发阵列中所使用的换能器尺寸可能不等，但各个换能器的信号发射面或接收面均位于同一水平面。发射换能器301发送不同频率段的测量信号，并且各个频率段之间可以是连续的也可以是相隔一定频率的，接收换能器302则接收对应的收发阵列中的发射换能器301发送的信号。同个收发阵列中的收发换能器频率匹配，负责从数模转换器获取测量信号发射，以及接收信号传给模数转换器转换。
测量架303采用耐腐蚀的金属硬质材料，用于连接N个收发阵列和N个反射体，且测量架上下之间采用滑动结构，以调节收发阵列和反射体304的相对距离；其中反射体304为长方体结构，位于不同收发阵列正下方，保证相应的接收换能器能充分接收到反射信号，且所有反射体的上表面(即与相应的收发阵列相对的一面)在同一水平面上，反射体尺寸和相应的发射换能器301相当，采用金属等利于信号反射的材料。由于所有收发阵列的换能器的信号发射面或接收面均位于同一水平面，且所有反射体304的上表面也位于同一水平面，因此所有收发阵列与相应的位于该收发阵列正下方的反射体304之间距离相等。在本实施例中同个收发阵列中的不同接收换能器302和发射换能器301之间等距，即，同个收发阵列中的不同接收换能器302的信号接收面中心点到发射换能器301的信号发射面中心点距离相同，因此同个收发阵列中信号所经过的距离L相同。
输出模块用于显示处理模块估计分析的结果，或者将检测结果送给下一个处理系统，让该系统根据检测结果做出相应的响应。
本装置的工作步骤如图7所示，具体如下：
步骤1：根据阵列中每个换能器负责的频率范围，选取相应中心频率的测量信号，并确定其信号幅度，发送周期。输入操作参数，系统检测操作模块是否有操作请求，如果有操作请求则处理模块响应请求保存参数。
步骤2：通过操作模块输入一个开始测量的信号。
步骤3：处理模块收到开始测量信号则根据输入参数产生各段测量信号。
步骤4：将产生的测量信号传送到数模转换器，转换成模拟信号传送给收发模块，收发 模块通过相应频段的环状收发阵列中的发射换能器发送测量信号。
步骤5：各个环状收发阵列中的接收换能器分别接收相应频段的反射信号，并转换成电信号传给模数转换器。
步骤6：数字信号处理器首先滤掉各个换能器负责频率范围外的信号，并将滤波后的信号叠加，计算接收信号的功率谱幅度、中心频率以及接收的周期或频率，根据实施例1方法中的具体说明，利用现有的方法或实验公式，估计悬浮物的浓度、线度以及速度。
步骤8：将悬浮物的监测结果(包括线度和对应浓度、悬浮水体的流速)传送给输出模块，输出模块将结果输出。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于环状交织阵列的悬浮物动态监测方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S1、发送测量信号；
    测量装置相对于地面处于静止状态，在含有悬浮物的水中竖直向下发送测量信号s(t)：
    Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-100001
    式中，A是信号的幅度，W是信号的单边带宽，f0是信号的中心频率，其功率谱图在正半轴上为幅度为0.5A、带宽为2W、中心频率为f0的矩形脉冲：
    Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-100002
    每隔周期T发送一次，即发送频率为F＝1/T，发送时长为T0，T0<T；
    s(t)频率范围应包含在所用发射换能器和接收换能器的频率范围中，且发射换能器正下方有一个反射体，以保证接收换能器能充分接收到反射信号；
    S2、计算信号到达反射体时的频率；
    选取地面作为参考系，以超声发射探头S的位置为坐标原点，垂直地面向下为z方向建立空间直角坐标系，则S的坐标为(0,0,0)，反射体G的坐标为(0,0,z)，相应的多个接收换能器均和超声发射探头S在同一平面上；
    发射换能器S向z轴正方向，即
    Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-100003
    方向发射测量信号，发送频率为F；z方向的单位向量可表示为
    Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-100004
    设水流速度为
    Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-100005
    其中vwx，vwy，vwz分别代表水流速度在坐标轴x、y、z三个方向上的分量，则水流速度在S→G方向的速度为：
    Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-100006
    对于水中的悬浮物，由于悬浮物体积和质量都较小，在水中的流速主要与水流速度有关，因此估计悬浮物的沉降速度或流动速度可转换为计算悬浮水体的流速；假设声波在水下的传播速度为c，由于信号发射点S静止，根据多普勒效应可得，信号到达反射体时的频率为：
    Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-100007
    S3、计算信号到达接收探头时的频率；
    L表示测量信号从发射换能器S出发传至反射体G最后传至接收换能器Ri的距离，
    Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-100008
    为测量信号从反射体G传至接收换能器Ri的传播方向，αi、βi、γi分别为向量
    Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-100009
    与坐标轴x、y、z的夹角，可得到
    Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-100010
    向量的单位向量为
    Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-100011
    则水流速度在G→Ri方向上的速度为：
    Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-100012
    声波由反射体G至接收点Ri的过程中，受到水流的作用，因此测量信号会受到多普勒效应；对于测量信号s(t)，在发送端每隔周期T发送一次，信号在水中传播的过程中由于多普勒效应产生多普勒频移，因此接收端Ri最终接收到的反射信号ri(t)的周期为
    Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-100013
    接收频率
    Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-100014
    由于接收端没有运动，因此信号到达第i个接收换能器Ri时的频率为：
    Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-100015
    整理，得到测量信号s(t)从发送到接收的过程中，接收频率与发送频率之间的关系为：
    Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-100016
    其中，Δ为多普勒因子；
    S4、需要M个接收换能器列出如上式所示的M个的等式，M≥3，即可求出上述三个未知数，由此求得悬浮水体的三维流速，即为悬浮物的速度；一个发射换能器和M个接收换能器组成一个收发阵列；
    S5、估计悬浮物的浓度和线度分布；
    利用信号功率谱对悬浮物浓度及线度分布做估计过程如下：
    S5-1、采样；
    由于测量信号s(t)在水中受到衰减，同时受多普勒效应的影响，因此对第i个接收换能器Ri接收到的信号ri(t)，i＝1,2,..,M，采样后得到的信号为：
    Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-100017
    其中，Bi、Δi分别为接收信号的幅度和多普勒因子，wi(n)为信号噪声，采样频率fs＝1/Ts(fs＞2f(f0+W))，Δi可由步骤S3求出；
    S5-2、对接收信号ri(n)的自相关函数Ri(n)作2N点离散傅里叶变换，得：
    Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-100018
    S5-3、对该收发阵列的信号进行分析，发射换能器S的系统函数为H1(f)，接收换能器的系统函数均为H2(f)，同一个收发阵列中的接收换能器参数相同，且系统函数H1(f)和H2(f)可通过查看相应的换能器参数获得；
    测量信号s(t)发射出去时先经过系统H1(f)，同时，接收到的信号ri(t)也先经过系统H2(f)，因此在水中传播前和在水中传播过后的测量信号功率谱分别为H1(f)S(f)和
    Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-100019
    S5-4、由步骤S5-3，测量信号在接收换能器Ri相应的fsk/N频点上的离散信号功率谱为
    Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-100020
    测量信号在发射换能器S相应的fsk/N频点上的离散信号功率谱为
    Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-100021
    由此得到衰减参数Qk：
    Figure PCTCN2017111892-appb-100022
    表示测量信号经过水体前后的衰减参数；
    S5-5、对于M个接收换能器接收的信号，对信号相应区间离散功率谱进行叠加，根据衰减参数Qk(k＝0,1,…,N-1)和传输距离L反演出悬浮物的浓度，而测量信号的每个频点fsk/N则对应了四分之一波长线度的悬浮物的浓度。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的悬浮物动态监测方法，其特征在于，使用多个发射换能器；每个发射换能器发送不同频率范围的测量信号，且用于接收该测量信号的换能器也应为相应频段的接收换能器；如需要测量的宽频率范围为[f1,fm]，则可将该宽频段分为N段[f1,f2]、[f3,f4]、……、[fm-1,fm]，使用N个发射换能器，第一换能器发送频率范围为[f1,f2]的测量信号s1(t)，第二换能器发送频率范围为[f3,f4]的测量信号s2(t)，依此类推；一个发射换能器对应一个收发阵列，对不同收发阵列重复步骤S1-S5，可估计出水体中悬浮物的浓度、线度分布以及速度。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的悬浮物动态监测方法，其特征在于，不同的频段连续或者相隔一定的距离。
  4. 一种基于权利要求1所述的方法的监测装置，其特征在于，包括操作模块、处理模块、收发模块和输出模块和电源，电源为所有模块供电；操作模块与处理模块连接，处理模块分别与收发模块以及输出模块相连；
    收发模块包括测量架、N个反射体和N个收发阵列；测量架用于将反射体以及不同的收发阵列连接固定；收发阵列之间相隔一定的距离；每个收发阵列包括一个发射换能器和M个接收换能器，M≥3，所有换能器的信号发射面或接收面均位于同一水平面；每个收发阵列中的接收换能器都和发射换能器相连，同个收发阵列中接收换能器到发射换能器的距离相同，同个收发阵列中的收发换能器频率匹配；反射体位于不同收发阵列正下方，且N个反射体的反射面在同一水平面上；
    操作者通过操作模块输入对应的参数，处理模块根据参数信息产生各段测量信号，传送给收发模块中相应频段的收发阵列的发射换能器发射并控制发射换能器的发送周期；对于该收发阵列中发射换能器发射的信号，其对应的接收换能器阵列接收反射信号，传送给处理模块；处理模块计算出悬浮物的浓度和线度分布，同时，根据多普勒效应计算悬浮水体的三维流速；最后将测量出来的悬浮物的浓度和线度分布值、水体流速值传送给输出模块输出显示。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的监测装置，其特征在于，收发阵列的数目N根据应用场景和 测量的范围而定。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的监测装置，其特征在于，固定反射体的测量架横架可上下调节高度。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的监测装置，其特征在于，处理模块包括数字处理器、数模转换器及模数转换器。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的监测装置，其特征在于，反射体采用利于信号反射的材料。
  9. 根据权利要求4所述的监测装置，其特征在于，测量架采用耐腐蚀的硬质材料。
  10. 根据权利要求4所述的监测装置，其特征在于，收发阵列之间用金属或塑料材料相连。
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