CN108693082A - 一种基于声学仪与粒径分析仪定量悬浮物沉降速度的方法 - Google Patents
一种基于声学仪与粒径分析仪定量悬浮物沉降速度的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于声学仪与粒径分析仪定量悬浮物沉降速度的方法,包括:将声学仪和粒径分析仪放置在海水中对悬浮物和流速进行剖面测量,获取悬浮物浓度、分粒级悬浮物体积浓度以及流速数据;将每一层的悬浮物浓度和对应的离海底高度通过Rouse浓度垂线公式做对数拟合得到沉降因子;根据观测得到的流速数据计算出海底摩擦速度代入到沉降因子中得到悬浮物沉降速度;根据Rouse浓度垂线公式,将分粒级悬浮物体积浓度与对应的离海底高度进行对数拟合可以得到不同粒级悬浮物的沉降速度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及海洋沉积动力学研究领域,具体涉及一种基于声学仪与粒径分析仪定量悬浮物沉降速度的方法。
背景技术
悬浮物沉降速度ws的确定对于悬浮物输运过程模拟来说是一个至关重要的输入参量,但由于影响悬浮颗粒沉降的因素非常复杂且缺乏现场观测,至今很多数值模式中仍然使用简单的Stokes沉降公式根据底质类型计算沉降速度作为输入条件,有些甚至将其作为一个可调常数。对于近海,受生物过程、絮凝-解絮凝、湍流剪切等因素影响,悬浮物的成份、粒径和有效密度等物理性质时空变化剧烈,对沉降速度的现场原位观测在实际应用过程中遇到很多困难。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种可以更准确、客观的刻画悬浮物沉降速度的定量悬浮物沉降速度的方法,技术方案如下:
一种基于声学仪与粒径分析仪定量悬浮物沉降速度的方法,包括如下的步骤:
1)将声学仪和粒径分析仪放置在海水中对悬浮物和流速进行剖面测量,获取悬浮物浓度、分粒级悬浮物体积浓度以及流速数据;
2)将每一层的悬浮物浓度和对应的离海底高度通过Rouse浓度垂线公式做对数拟合得到沉降因子;
3)根据观测得到的流速数据计算出海底摩擦速度代入到沉降因子中得到悬浮物沉降速度;
4)根据Rouse浓度垂线公式,将分粒级悬浮物体积浓度与对应的离海底高度进行对数拟合可以得到不同粒级悬浮物的沉降速度。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例提供一种基于声学仪与粒径分析仪定量悬浮物沉降速度的方法,目的在于实现悬浮物沉降速度的定量化,应用到悬沙输运数值模拟中提高模拟精度。具体实施包括以下方面:
1、将声学仪(如ADCP、ADV)和粒径分析仪(如LISST-100)放置在海水中对悬浮物和流速进行剖面测量,获取悬浮物浓度、分粒级悬浮物体积浓度以及流速数据。
2、在海底边界层内,忽略水体水平、垂向对流,可近似认为沉积物的重力沉降与向上湍扩散造成的再悬浮达到平衡,即有
其中,ws为悬浮物沉降速度,C为悬浮物浓度,z为离海底高度,K为层结水体中的湍扩散系数,K=κu*z[1-(z/hd)],κ=0.40为von Karman常数,u*为海底摩擦速度,hd=D2/(D-1)为海底混合层高度,D取水体中部层结的潮内平均距离海底的高度,如果观测水体水深较浅且垂向混合均匀,D取观测站点深度。通过上式的整理可得Rouse浓度垂线公式:
其中,β=ws/κu*为沉降因子,Ca和za分别为初始的悬浮物浓度与离海底的高度。由Rouse浓度公式可见,沉降因子越大,悬浮物浓度垂向梯度越大,分布越不均匀。
3、悬浮物浓度C剖面序列做10分钟平均后与离海底高度z进行对数拟合可以得到沉降因子β。将观测得到的流速计算得出的摩擦速度u*时间序列带入β中即可得到悬浮物的沉降速度ws,其中相关系数R2>0.96的对数拟合通过有效检验。
4、粒径分析仪测量获得32种粒径的悬浮物体积浓度剖面,将32个粒径的悬浮物体积浓度大体分为2~3个粒级(例如粘土、粉砂和砂),并将每个粒级内的体积浓度相加,即可得到“分粒级体积浓度VCn”(例如粘土类颗粒体积浓度、粉砂类颗粒体积浓度等)。根据Rouse浓度剖面,将分粒级体积浓度VCn与离海底高度z进行对数拟合可以得到不同粒级悬浮物的沉降速度,即:
n表示粘土类颗粒/粉砂类颗粒等。
利用声学仪与粒径分析仪观测的数据资料通过上述方法可以用来定量不同粒径的悬浮物共存的海域(例如大颗粒絮凝体和细颗粒悬沙)的颗粒物沉降速度。
Claims (1)
1.一种基于声学仪与粒径分析仪定量悬浮物沉降速度的方法,包括如下的步骤:
1)将声学仪和粒径分析仪放置在海水中对悬浮物和流速进行剖面测量,获取悬浮物浓度、分粒级悬浮物体积浓度以及流速数据。
2)将每一层的悬浮物浓度和对应的离海底高度通过Rouse浓度垂线公式做对数拟合得到沉降因子;
3)根据观测得到的流速数据计算出海底摩擦速度代入到沉降因子中得到悬浮物沉降速度;
4)根据Rouse浓度垂线公式,将分粒级悬浮物体积浓度与对应的离海底高度进行对数拟合可以得到不同粒级悬浮物的沉降速度。
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CN117367382A (zh) * | 2023-12-07 | 2024-01-09 | 水利部南京水利水文自动化研究所 | 一种基于h-adcp的在线悬移质泥沙测量方法 |
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JPH11287756A (ja) * | 1998-04-02 | 1999-10-19 | Fukuhara:Kk | 水の清浄度確認方法および清浄度確認槽 |
CN101281113A (zh) * | 2007-04-03 | 2008-10-08 | 王飞 | 燃油悬浮物沉降检测系统 |
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原野: "基于声学方法的中国近海沉积物和悬浮颗粒物动力过程观测研究", 《中国博士学位论文全文数据库(电子期刊)》 * |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN117367382A (zh) * | 2023-12-07 | 2024-01-09 | 水利部南京水利水文自动化研究所 | 一种基于h-adcp的在线悬移质泥沙测量方法 |
CN117367382B (zh) * | 2023-12-07 | 2024-02-20 | 水利部南京水利水文自动化研究所 | 一种基于h-adcp的在线悬移质泥沙测量方法 |
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