WO2018232782A1 - 一种双极化全向天线 - Google Patents

一种双极化全向天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018232782A1
WO2018232782A1 PCT/CN2017/091766 CN2017091766W WO2018232782A1 WO 2018232782 A1 WO2018232782 A1 WO 2018232782A1 CN 2017091766 W CN2017091766 W CN 2017091766W WO 2018232782 A1 WO2018232782 A1 WO 2018232782A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
filter
polarized
dual
horizontal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/091766
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨瑞典
Original Assignee
深圳市安拓浦科技有限公司
杨瑞典
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201720713462.7U external-priority patent/CN206789690U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201710466226.4A external-priority patent/CN107134640B/zh
Application filed by 深圳市安拓浦科技有限公司, 杨瑞典 filed Critical 深圳市安拓浦科技有限公司
Publication of WO2018232782A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018232782A1/zh
Priority to US16/432,128 priority Critical patent/US10812749B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/44—Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards
    • H04N5/46—Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards for receiving on more than one standard at will
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/526—Electromagnetic shields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
    • H01Q21/205—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path providing an omnidirectional coverage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
    • H01Q5/335—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors at the feed, e.g. for impedance matching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/06—Receivers
    • H04B1/16—Circuits
    • H04B1/18—Input circuits, e.g. for coupling to an antenna or a transmission line
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/007—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas specially adapted for indoor communication

Definitions

  • the patent relates to the field of dual-polarized signal receiving, and in particular to a dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna.
  • An antenna is a component used in a radio to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves.
  • Engineering systems such as radiocommunication, broadcasting, television, radar, navigation, electronic countermeasures, remote sensing, radio astronomy, etc., all of which use electromagnetic waves to transmit information rely on antennas for work.
  • the TV signal also includes vertically polarized signals and horizontally polarized signals. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an omnidirectional bipolar. Receive antennas to ensure better reception.
  • the patent provides a dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna capable of omnidirectionally receiving a vertically polarized signal and a horizontally polarized signal at the same time, and the receiving effect is good.
  • a dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna including a vertically polarized antenna and a ring-shaped horizontally polarized antenna;
  • the vertically polarized antenna includes a vertical fixed cover and a cylindrical antenna, and the column The antenna is fixedly mounted in a vertical fixed cover;
  • the horizontally polarized antenna comprises a horizontal fixed cover and a loop antenna, the loop antenna is fixedly mounted in the horizontal fixed cover, and the vertical fixed cover is fixedly mounted on the horizontal fixed cover.
  • the cylindrical antenna receives the vertically polarized signal
  • the loop antenna receives the horizontally polarized signal
  • the loop antenna can also realize the omnidirectional reception of the horizontally polarized signal, thereby ensuring a good receiving effect, and generally the wireless signal passes through the transmitting end.
  • the vertical signal and the horizontal signal propagate in two different directions in the space, and the receiving end is respectively received by the vertically polarized antenna and the horizontally polarized antenna.
  • Vertical signal and horizontal signal may change the direction of the signal during the propagation in space, which results in loss of signal reception at the receiving end.
  • setting the vertically polarized antenna and the horizontally polarized antenna can minimize the reception. The loss of the signal, because even if the direction of the signal changes, the decomposition vector in the other direction will be received by the antenna in the other direction.
  • the vertically polarized antenna is disposed in a direction vertically upward of a center of the horizontally polarized antenna
  • the horizontally polarized antenna further includes a metal shielding plate disposed between the cylindrical antenna and the loop antenna.
  • the cylindrical antenna and the loop antenna are separated by a metal shielding plate to have high polarization isolation, and the two antennas are prevented from interfering with each other when receiving signals.
  • the loop antenna includes at least two layers of omnidirectional ring oscillators superposed on top of each other.
  • the omnidirectional ring oscillators By superimposing the omnidirectional ring oscillators on multiple layers, on the one hand, signal reception can be enhanced.
  • omnidirectional oscillators of different sizes can be set for receiving signals of different frequency bands, and the entire vibrator can be installed very much by the stacked mounting structure. Small space.
  • a part of the omnidirectional ring oscillator is a UHF horizontal receiving antenna, and the other part is a VHF horizontal receiving antenna.
  • the loop antenna can receive both the VHF band signal and the UHF band signal, ensuring a large signal receiving coverage capability.
  • the method further includes a hybrid filter amplifying circuit disposed in the horizontal fixed cover, the hybrid filter amplifying circuit including a first filter, a second filter, a third filter, a fourth filter, a first amplifier, and a second
  • the amplifier, the third amplifier and the mixer, the cylindrical antenna is electrically connected to the input end of the mixer through the first filter and the first amplifier, and the UHF horizontal receiving antenna sequentially passes through the input of the second filter and the second amplifier and the mixer.
  • the terminal is electrically connected, the output of the mixer is electrically connected to the third filter, the VHF horizontal receiving antenna is electrically connected to the fourth filter, and the output signals of the third filter and the fourth filter are mixed and sent to the third amplifier. .
  • the first filter, the second filter, and the fourth filter respectively filter out the clutter received by the cylindrical antenna, the UHF horizontal receiving antenna, and the VHF horizontal receiving antenna, and the cylindrical antenna and the UHF horizontal receiving antenna receive the received After the signal is filtered and amplified, it is mixed output through a mixer.
  • the third filter can further filter the clutter generated during the mixing process, and finally filtered by the fourth filter received by the VHF horizontal receiving antenna. The signal is mixed and amplified.
  • the hybrid filter amplifying circuit further includes an LTE filter electrically connected to the third amplifier.
  • the hybrid filter amplifier circuit sets an LTE filter at the final output to eliminate interference from the mobile phone signal to obtain a valid signal.
  • the metal shield plate is circular and has a diameter of 30 to 120 mm.
  • the diameter of the metal shielding plate set above is within a suitable range, so that the metal shielding plate can better shield the isolation effect (can effectively reduce the mutual interference 50-80%) without occupying excessive area and attenuation signal. .
  • the metal shield plate has a thickness of 0.1 mm to 0.6 mm.
  • the metal shielding plate is disposed in parallel at a central position of the horizontally polarized antenna, perpendicular to the vertically polarized antenna, 15 mm to 35 mm from the loop antenna, and 5 mm to 12 mm from the cylindrical antenna. It can be seen that the metal shield plate is closer to the cylindrical antenna.
  • This patent is intended to receive horizontally polarized television signals and is suitable for areas with more horizontally polarized signals.
  • the horizontal cross section of the cylindrical antenna is a cross shape, and the area of the horizontal cross section from top to bottom is increased.
  • the lower end of the cylindrical antenna is connected to the feeding line, and the thicker the antenna is from the end of the feeding line, the smaller the antenna input impedance changes with frequency, and the impedance is matched with the feeding line. At this time, the operating frequency range of the antenna is wide, and the signal receiving effect is wide. Good, and the cylindrical antenna
  • the lower end is a metal shield and a loop antenna. The thicker lower end can ensure better signal receiving capability and reduce the signal shielding and interference of the metal shield and loop antenna to the cylindrical antenna.
  • Figure 1 is a front view of the patent.
  • Figure 2 is a left side view of the patent.
  • Figure 3 is a rear elevational view of the patent.
  • Figure 4 is a top plan view of the patent.
  • Figure 5 is a bottom view of the patent.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the patent.
  • Figure 7 is a structural disassembly diagram of the present patent.
  • Figure 8 is a large diagram of the structure of the vertically polarized antenna of the present patent.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view of the waterproof apron of the present patent.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the structure of the center portion above the casing of the present patent.
  • FIG 11 is a block diagram of the circuit module of the present patent.
  • Figure 13 is a circuit diagram of the high pass filter of the present patent.
  • Figure 14 is a circuit diagram of the amplifier of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a circuit diagram of the mixer of the present patent.
  • Figure 16 is a diagram showing the received waveform of the cylindrical antenna of the present patent.
  • Figure 17 is a diagram showing the received waveform of the loop antenna of the present patent.
  • Figure 18 is a diagram of the total received waveform of this patent.
  • Figure 19 is a horizontal plan view of the patent in the 194 MHz band.
  • Figure 20 is a horizontal plan view of the patent in the 214 MHz band.
  • Figure 21 is a horizontal plan view of the patent in the 550 MHz band.
  • Figure 22 is a horizontal plan view of the patent in the 670 MHz band.
  • Figure 23 is a vertical plan view of the patent in the 510 MHz band.
  • Figure 24 is a vertical plan view of the patent in the 700 MHz band.
  • a dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna as shown in FIGS. 1 to 10 includes a vertically polarized antenna 1 and a ring-shaped horizontally polarized antenna 2, and the vertically polarized antenna 1 includes a columnar vertical fixed cover 10 and is mounted on a vertical fixed cover.
  • the cylindrical antenna 100 in the 10 the annular horizontally polarized antenna 2 includes a disk-shaped horizontal fixed cover 20 and a loop antenna 200, and the loop antenna 200 includes an upper omnidirectional annular vibrator 208 and a lower omnidirectional ring.
  • a cylindrical antenna 100 is mounted in the vertical fixed cover 10, the vertical fixed cover 10 is installed at a central position above the horizontal fixed cover 20, and a support 3 is provided at a lower center of the horizontal fixed cover 20, and the support 3 side is further A wiring head 4 is provided.
  • the horizontal fixed cover 20 has a diameter of 479.85 mm and an error range of about 10 mm; the vertical fixed cover 10 has a height of 205 mm, and the error range is about 5 cm; the height of the cylindrical antenna 100 is 138 mm, and the error range is About 3cm.
  • the vertical fixed cover 10 is formed by splicing the left casing 101 and the right casing 102, and the horizontal fixed cover 20 is composed of an upper casing 201 and a lower casing 202. Stitching composition.
  • the left housing 101 and the right housing 102 are correspondingly provided with a clamping portion 103 for fixing the cylindrical antenna 100.
  • the cylindrical antenna 100 is provided with a notch 104 corresponding to the clamping portion 103, and a square connecting member 105 and a cylinder disposed at the bottom end.
  • the connector 106 is shaped, and the cylindrical antenna 100 has a horizontal cross section and is divided into two sections from top to bottom. The horizontal section area of the upper section is constant, and the horizontal section area of the lower section is continuously increased from the top to the bottom.
  • the clamping portion 103 of the 101 and right housing 102 engages at the notch 104, and also positions the block connector 105 and the cylindrical connector 106 so that the cylindrical antenna 100 cannot rotate and move up and down, enhancing structural stability.
  • the bottom end of the cylindrical antenna 100 is provided with a screw hole 107.
  • the side wall of the screw hole 107 is provided with a crack 108 extending upward from the bottom end of the cylindrical antenna 100.
  • the upper casing 201 is provided with a through hole 203, a fixing groove 204 and the same.
  • the through hole 203 is disposed in the middle of the fixing groove 204, and is surrounded by a convex step 206.
  • the metal connector 6 is locked with a hex nut in the middle of the hole 203, and the metal connector 6 is used for
  • the cylindrical antenna 100 is electrically connected, and a through hole corresponding to the metal connector 6 is disposed in the middle of the waterproof rubber ring 205.
  • the bottom end of the cylindrical antenna 100 is screwed to the metal connector 6 through the screw hole 107.
  • the side wall of the screw hole 107 is interference-fitted with the step 206, and the crack 108 at the bottom end of the cylindrical antenna 100 is pressed.
  • the bottom end of the left housing 101 and the right housing 102 are further provided with a housing fixing screw hole 5.
  • the waterproof rubber ring 205 and the upper housing 201 are respectively provided with a housing fixing screw hole 5, which is assembled when installed.
  • the left housing 101 and the right housing 102 are fixed to the upper housing 201 by screwing screws into the housing fixing screw holes 5.
  • the above-mentioned waterproof rubber ring 205 and the step 206 are all provided with a good waterproof function to prevent rainwater from penetrating into the bottom end of the cylindrical antenna 100 during rainy days, and to interfere with signal reception.
  • a metal shield plate 207, an upper omnidirectional ring-shaped vibrator 208, a lower omnidirectional ring-shaped vibrator 209, and a circuit board 210 are mounted in the horizontal fixed cover 20 from top to bottom, wherein the upper omnidirectional ring-shaped vibrator 208 is a UHF horizontal receiving antenna.
  • the lower omnidirectional ring oscillator 209 is a VHF horizontal receiving antenna
  • the cylindrical antenna 100 is a UHF vertical receiving antenna
  • the horizontal cross-sectional area of the lower portion of the cylindrical antenna 100 is continuously increased from the top to the bottom, that is, the cylindrical antenna 100 is away from the metal.
  • the near end of the shielding plate 207 has a stronger ability to receive signals, further reducing the signal shielding and interference caused by the metal shielding plate 207 and the loop antenna 200 to the cylindrical antenna 100, and the influence of the low frequency signal on the high frequency signal according to the interference principle of the signal. Obviously, on the contrary, the influence of the high-frequency signal on the low-frequency signal is not large.
  • the superposition method of increasing the diameter from the bottom to the bottom can not only reduce the signal interference, but also the center of gravity. Lower down, improve structural stability.
  • a circuit board 210 is provided with a hybrid filter amplifying circuit.
  • the hybrid filter amplifying circuit includes a first filter, a second filter, a third filter, a fourth filter, a first amplifier, and a second
  • the receiving antenna (upper omnidirectional ring oscillator 208) is electrically connected to the other input of the mixer through the second filter and the second amplifier, and the output of the mixer is electrically connected to the third filter, and the VHF horizontal receiving antenna (
  • the lower omnidirectional ring oscillator 209) is electrically connected to the fourth filter, the third filter and the fourth filter are electrically connected to the input end of the third amplifier, and the output end of the third amplifier is electrically connected to the terminal 4 through the LTE filter. connection.
  • the first filter, the second filter, and the fourth filter respectively respectively UHF vertical receiving antenna (column antenna 100), UHF horizontal receiving antenna (upper layer omnidirectional ring oscillator 208), and VHF horizontal receiving antenna (lower layer full
  • the clutter received from the ring oscillator 209) is filtered out, and the signal received by the UHF vertical receiving antenna (column antenna 100) and the UHF horizontal receiving antenna (upper omnidirectional ring oscillator 208) is filtered and amplified, and then passed through the mixer.
  • the third filter can further filter the clutter generated during the mixing process, and finally filtered by the fourth filter received by the VHF horizontal receiving antenna (lower omnidirectional ring oscillator 209)
  • the signal is mixed and amplified.
  • the first filter, the second filter and the third filter are both high-pass filters, the fourth filter is a low-pass filter, and the first amplifier and the second amplifier are both low-noise amplifiers.
  • the metal shielding plate 207 has a diameter of 60 mm.
  • the diameter of the metal shielding plate 207 disposed above is within a suitable range, so that the metal shielding plate 207 can better shield the isolation effect (can effectively reduce the mutual interference 50-80%) without occupying an excessive area.
  • the attenuation signal; the thickness of the metal shield plate 207 is 0.3 mm; the metal shield plate 207 has 26.35 mm from the loop antenna 200 and 9 mm from the cylindrical antenna 100. It can be seen that the metal shield plate 207 is away from The cylindrical antenna 100 is relatively close, and this embodiment tends to receive a horizontally polarized television signal, which is suitable for a region where the horizontally polarized signal is large.
  • the height of the cylindrical antenna 100 is 138 mm, the height of the vertical fixed cover 10 is 205 mm, and the vertical fixed cover 10 is about one quarter higher than the cylindrical antenna 100. This arrangement ensures the cylindrical antenna 100 in the vertical fixed cover 10. It can have a larger buffer space and enhance the stability of the cylindrical antenna 10 under vibration.
  • the overall height of the embodiment is 293.92 mm, and the width (that is, the diameter of the horizontal fixing cover 20 shown in FIG. 4) is 479.85 mm, which can be picked up by one hand, is convenient to carry, and is convenient for outdoor use.
  • the LTE filter includes an input terminal connected in series, a first group of inductors L9 and a capacitor C18 connected in parallel, a first group of inductors L10 and a capacitor C20 connected in parallel, and a third group of inductors L10 and C20 in parallel. , output.
  • the junction between the first set of parallel circuits and the second set of parallel circuits is grounded through a capacitor C19, and the junction between the second set of parallel circuits and the third set of parallel circuits is grounded through a capacitor C21; wherein the inductances L9, L10 and L11
  • the parameters are all 10 ⁇ 18nH (2.5*1.5*0.5Q), and the parameters of capacitors C18, C19, C20, C21 and C22 are 2PF, 2.2PF, 3.3PF, 1.8PF and 2.5PF respectively.
  • the high-pass filter includes an input terminal connected in series, a capacitor C5, a capacitor C6, a capacitor C7, and an output terminal, and nodes between the capacitors are grounded through inductors L1, L2, and L3, respectively; wherein the capacitor C5,
  • the parameters of C6, C7 and C8 are 10P, 3.3P, 3.3P and 10P, respectively.
  • the parameters of inductances L1, L2 and L3 are 10 ⁇ 22nH (2*2.5*0.4Q).
  • the third amplifier includes a resistor R10, a capacitor C31, a capacitor C17, a capacitor C8, an inductor L8, and a transistor U1.
  • the input terminal of the third amplifier is electrically connected to the base of the transistor U1 through a capacitor C8, +5V.
  • the power terminal is connected to one end of the resistor R10, and the other end of the resistor R10 is connected to one end of the inductor L8 in addition to the ground through the capacitor C31.
  • the other end of the inductor L8 is connected to one end of the capacitor C17 and the collector of the transistor U1, and the other end of the capacitor C17 is connected to the output.
  • the emitter of the transistor is grounded.
  • the transistor U1 is BGA614; wherein the resistor R10 is 62 ⁇ , the capacitors C31, C17, and C8 are 10KPF, 330PF, and 330PF, respectively, and the inductance L8 has a parameter of 470NH.
  • the mixer includes a resistor R7, a capacitor C20, a capacitor C18, a capacitor C22, a capacitor C19, a core inductor L4, and a core inductor L5.
  • the two input terminals of the mixer are respectively connected to a capacitor C20 and a capacitor C19.
  • the other ends of the capacitor C20 and the capacitor C19 are respectively connected to the two ends of the core inductor L4, and the two ends of the core inductor L4 are also connected in parallel with the resistor R7 (the resistor R7 and the core inductor L4 can increase two inputs here)
  • the isolation of the signal is about 15 ⁇ 30dB, which can greatly reduce the mutual interference between the two signals.
  • the core inductor L4 and the core inductor L5 have five windings respectively, and the node T1 in Fig. 15 is connected to the magnetic pole.
  • the core inductor L4 is wound at the intermediate node and the core inductor L5 is wound into a node of proportional 1:3 (or 1:4).
  • the node T1 is grounded through the capacitor C18, and the core inductor L5 has a specific gravity of 3 (or 4) one end is grounded, one end of the specific gravity is connected to one end of the capacitor C22, and the other end of the capacitor C22 is connected to the output end; wherein the resistor R7 is 180 ⁇ , capacitors C20, C18, C22, and C19 are 330PF, 2PF, 330PF, and 330PF, respectively.
  • the waveform diagram of the received signal of the cylindrical antenna 100, the waveform diagram of the loop antenna 200, and the waveform diagram of the present embodiment, in which four points are selected for comparison, respectively, are 174 MHz, 230 MHz, 470MHz and 700MHz, of which 174MHz to 230MHz belong to the VHF band, and 470MHz to 700MHz belong to the UHF band.
  • the gain of 174MHz in this embodiment is 25.915dB
  • the gain of 230MHz is 11.989dB
  • the gain of 470MHz is 24.873dB
  • the gain of 700MHz is 25.915dB
  • the gain of 26.404 dB is flat or higher than the gain of the received signal by the cylindrical antenna 100 or the loop antenna 200 alone, so that the cylindrical antenna 100 and the loop antenna 200 together can also compensate the signal, specifically
  • the principle is that the horizontally polarized signal and the vertically polarized signal can be converted into each other during the reflection process.
  • the gain of the frequency band above 700 MHz is negative, that is, the high-pass filter performs the frequency band above 700 MHz. Filtering, because broadcast signals in the frequency band above 700 MHz are not used in most regions.
  • FIG. 19 to FIG. 22 it is a pattern in which the receiving frequencies in the horizontal plane are 194 MHz, 214 MHz, 550 MHz, and 670 MHz, respectively; as shown in FIGS. 23 to 24, the receiving frequency of the patent in the vertical plane is 510 MHz, respectively.
  • the 700MHz pattern it can be seen that the radiation field intensity distribution of the antenna is relatively uniform in all directions. This patent achieves full-scale reception of signals at various frequencies.

Abstract

本专利涉及一种双极化全向天线，包括垂直极化天线及环状水平极化天线；所述垂直极化天线包括垂直固定罩及柱形天线，柱形天线固定安装在垂直固定罩中；所述水平极化天线包括水平固定罩及环状天线，环状天线固定安装在水平固定罩中，垂直固定罩固定安装在水平固定罩上。所述柱形天线接收垂直极化信号，环状天线接收水平极化信号，同时环状天线可以实现水平极化信号的全方向接收，保证较好的接收效果。

Description

一种双极化全向天线 技术领域
本专利涉及双极化信号接收领域，具体涉及一种双极化全向天线。
背景技术
天线是一种在无线电设备中用来发射或接收电磁波的部件。无线电通信、广播、电视、雷达、导航、电子对抗、遥感、射电天文等工程系统，凡是利用电磁波未传递信息的，都依靠天线来进行工作。随着无线数字电视信号的普及，越来越多人在户外或移动中接收电视信号，而不只局限于室内。在户外特别是移动中接收电视信号，因为信号塔是固定的，而接收天线的位置会不断变化，电视信号还包括垂直极化信号和水平极化信号，因此需要研发一种全方向的双极化接收天线来保证较好的接收效果。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术的缺陷，本专利提供一种双极化全向天线，能够同时对垂直极化信号和水平极化信号进行全方向接收，接收效果好。
针对上述技术问题，本专利是这样解决的：一种双极化全向天线，包括垂直极化天线及环状水平极化天线；所述垂直极化天线包括垂直固定罩及柱形天线，柱形天线固定安装在垂直固定罩中；所述水平极化天线包括水平固定罩及环状天线，环状天线固定安装在水平固定罩中，垂直固定罩固定安装在水平固定罩上。所述柱形天线接收垂直极化信号，环状天线接收水平极化信号，同时环状天线还可以实现水平极化信号的全方向接收，保证较好的接收效果，而且一般无线信号经过发射端调制以后在空间中呈垂直信号和水平信号两种不同方向传播，接收端分别通过垂直极化天线和水平极化天线接收。垂直信号和水平信号在空间中传播的过程中有可能会改变其信号的方向，这样就导致了接收端的信号接收的损失，同时设置垂直极化天线和水平极化天线能够最大程度的减少该接收信号的损失，因为即使信号方向改变了，其另一方向的分解矢量也会被另一方向的天线所接收。
进一步地，所述垂直极化天线设置在水平极化天线中心垂直向上的方向，水平极化天线还包括设置在柱形天线和环状天线之间的金属屏蔽板。所述柱形天线和环状天线之间由金属屏蔽板隔开，使其具有较高的极化隔离度，避免两个天线在接收信号时相互干扰。
进一步地，所述环状天线包括至少两层上下叠加的全向环状振子。通过将全向环状振子多层叠加，一方面能够增强信号接收，一方面可以设置不同大小的全向振子用于接收不同频段的信号，而且通过层叠的安装结构，能够将整个振子安装在很小的空间内。
进一步地，一部分全向环状振子为UHF水平接收天线，另一部分为VHF水平接收天线。
这样设置，使得环状天线既能接收VHF频段的信号，也能接收UHF频段的信号，保证有较大的信号接收覆盖能力。
进一步地，还包括设在水平固定罩内的混合滤波放大电路，所述混合滤波放大电路包括第一滤波器、第二滤波器、第三滤波器、第四滤波器、第一放大器、第二放大器、第三放大器及混合器，柱形天线依次通过第一滤波器及第一放大器与混合器的输入端电连接，UHF水平接收天线依次通过第二滤波器及第二放大器与混合器的输入端电连接，混合器的输出端与第三滤波器电连接，VHF水平接收天线与第四滤波器电连接，第三滤波器及第四滤波器的输出信号经混合后输送到第三放大器中。
所述第一滤波器、第二滤波器和第四滤波器分别将柱形天线、UHF水平接收天线和VHF水平接收天线接收到的杂波过滤掉，柱形天线、UHF水平接收天线接收到的信号经过滤波、放大后，通过混合器进行混合输出，第三滤波器可对在混合过程中产生的杂波进行进一步的过滤，最后再与VHF水平接收天线接收到的经第四滤波器过滤后的信号进行混合放大输出。
进一步地，所述混合滤波放大电路还包括与第三放大器电连接的LTE滤波器。
因为天线在使用过程中或多或少会接收到一些手机信号，因此混合滤波放大电路在最后的输出端设置LTE滤波器，排除手机信号的干扰，以获取有效信号。
进一步地，所述金属屏蔽板为圆形，其直径为30至120mm。金属屏蔽板的直径越小，所能起到的隔离效果越差，而直径越大虽然能够起到较好的隔离效果，但是由于体积所限，且设置过大也会对信号接收造成干扰，上述设置的金属屏蔽板直径在合适的范围内，使金属屏蔽板能够起到较好屏蔽隔离效果(可以有效降低相互干扰的50-80％)的同时也不会占用过大的面积和衰减信号。
进一步地，所述金属屏蔽板的厚度为0.1mm至0.6mm。
进一步地，所述金属屏蔽板平行设置在水平极化天线中心位置上，与垂直极化天线垂直，距离环状天线15mm至35mm，距离柱形天线5mm至12mm。可以看出金属屏蔽板离柱形天线较近，本专利是倾向于接收水平极化的电视信号，适用于水平极化信号较多的区域。
进一步地，所述柱形天线的水平截面为十字形，且从上到下水平截面的面积增大。所述柱形天线的下端与馈线连接，而天线离馈线的一端越粗，天线输入阻抗随频率的变化越小，容易和馈线保持阻抗匹配，这时天线的工作频率范围较宽，信号接收效果好，而且柱形天线 的下端为金属屏蔽板和环状天线，较粗的下端能够保证更好的信号接收能力，减轻金属屏蔽板和环状天线对柱形天线的信号屏蔽和干扰。
相比于现有技术，本专利的有益效果为：
通过设置垂直极化天线及环状水平极化天线，保证能够接收到两个不同极化的电视信号，且均为全方向接收，接收效果好。
附图说明
图1是本专利的主视图。
图2是本专利的左视图。
图3是本专利的后视图。
图4是本专利的俯视图。
图5是本专利的仰视图。
图6是本专利的截面图。
图7是本专利的结构拆解图。
图8是本专利垂直极化天线的结构拆解放大图。
图9是本专利防水胶圈的示意图。
图10是本专利上壳体上方中心部位的结构示意图。
图11是本专利电路模块方框图。
图12是本专利LTE滤波电路的电路图。
图13是本专利高通滤波器的电路图。
图14是本专利放大器的电路图。
图15是本专利混合器的电路图。
图16是本专利柱形天线的接收波形图。
图17是本专利环状天线的接收波形图。
图18是本专利的总接收波形图。
图19是本专利在194MHZ频段的水平面方向图。
图20是本专利在214MHZ频段的水平面方向图。
图21是本专利在550MHZ频段的水平面方向图。
图22是本专利在670MHZ频段的水平面方向图。
图23是本专利在510MHZ频段的垂直面方向图。
图24是本专利在700MHZ频段的垂直面方向图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例及附图对本专利进行详细说明。
如图1至10所示的一种双极化全向天线，包括垂直极化天线1及环状水平极化天线2，垂直极化天线1包括柱状的垂直固定罩10及安装在垂直固定罩10内的柱形天线100，环状水平极化天线2包括圆盘状的水平固定罩20及环状天线200，所述环状天线200包括上层全向环状振子208和下层全向环状振子209，垂直固定罩10内安装有柱形天线100，垂直固定罩10安装在水平固定罩20上方的中心位置，水平固定罩20的下方居中处设有支座3，支座3一侧还设有接线头4。
具体实施过程中，所述水平固定罩20的直径为479.85mm，误差范围在10mm左右；垂直固定罩10的高度为205mm，误差范围在5cm左右；柱形天线100的高度为138mm，误差范围在3cm左右。
如图7所示的双极化全向天线中的内部结构，所述垂直固定罩10由左壳体101和右壳体102拼接构成，水平固定罩20由上壳体201和下壳体202拼接构成。
左壳体101和右壳体102对应设有用于固定柱形天线100的夹持部103，柱形天线100上设有对应夹持部103的缺口104及设于底端的方块连接件105、圆柱形连接件106，且柱形天线100水平截面为十字形，且从上到下分为两段，上段水平截面面积不变，下段水平截面面积从上往下不断增大，拼接时左壳体101和右壳体102的夹持部103在缺口104处接合，还将方块连接件105及圆柱形连接件106的位置限定住，使柱形天线100不能转动和上下移动，增强结构稳定性。
柱形天线100底端设有螺孔107，螺孔107侧壁上开有从柱形天线100底端向上延伸的裂缝108，对应地，上壳体201设有穿孔203、固定槽204及安放于固定槽204的防水胶圈205，穿孔203设在固定槽204中间，且围有凸起的台阶206，穿孔203中间设有用六角螺母锁紧的金属连接头6，该金属连接头6用于与柱形天线100电连接，防水胶圈205中间设有对应金属连接头6的通孔。在安装时，柱形天线100底端通过螺孔107与金属连接头6相拧紧，此时螺孔107侧壁与台阶206过盈配合，将柱形天线100的底端的裂缝108压紧。左壳体101和右壳体102的底端还设有壳体固定螺孔5，对应地，防水胶圈205和上壳体201均设有壳体固定螺孔5，安装时，拼接好的左壳体101和右壳体102通过将螺丝拧入壳体固定螺孔5中来固定在上壳体201上。
上述防水胶圈205及台阶206的设置均能起到很好的防水作用，避免雨天时雨水渗透到柱形天线100的底端，干扰信号的接收。
水平固定罩20内从上到下依次安装有金属屏蔽板207、上层全向环状振子208、下层全向环状振子209和电路板210，其中上层全向环状振子208为UHF水平接收天线，下层全向环状振子209为VHF水平接收天线，柱形天线100为UHF垂直接收天线，且柱形天线100下段水平截面面积从上往下不断增大，也就是说柱形天线100距离金属屏蔽板207近的一端接收信号的能力更强，进一步降低金属屏蔽板207和环状天线200对柱形天线100造成的信号屏蔽和干扰，根据信号的干扰原理，低频信号对高频信号的影响明显，反之，高频信号对低频信号的影响却不大，对于上述接收不同频段信号的两个全向环状振子，采用直径由上自下递增的叠加方式，不仅可以减少信号干扰，而且重心更靠下，提高了结构稳定性。
电路板210上设置有混合滤波放大电路，如图11所示，所述混合滤波放大电路包括第一滤波器、第二滤波器、第三滤波器、第四滤波器、第一放大器、第二放大器、第三放大器、用于过滤手机信号的LTE滤波器及混合器，UHF垂直接收天线(柱形天线100)依次通过第一滤波器及第一放大器与混合器的输入端电连接，UHF水平接收天线(上层全向环状振子208)依次通过第二滤波器及第二放大器与混合器的另一输入端电连接，混合器的输出端与第三滤波器电连接，VHF水平接收天线(下层全向环状振子209)与第四滤波器电连接，第三滤波器及第四滤波器均电连接第三放大器的输入端，第三放大器的输出端通过LTE滤波器与接线头4电连接。
所述第一滤波器、第二滤波器和第四滤波器分别将UHF垂直接收天线(柱形天线100)、UHF水平接收天线(上层全向环状振子208)和VHF水平接收天线(下层全向环状振子209)接收到的杂波过滤掉，UHF垂直接收天线(柱形天线100)、UHF水平接收天线(上层全向环状振子208)接收到的信号经过滤放大后，通过混合器进行混合输出，第三滤波器可对在混合过程中产生的杂波进行进一步的过滤，最后再与VHF水平接收天线(下层全向环状振子209)接收到的经第四滤波器过滤后的信号进行混合放大输出。
其中第一滤波器、第二滤波器及第三滤波器均为高通滤波器，第四滤波器为低通滤波器，第一放大器和第二放大器均为低噪声放大器。
具体实施过程中，所述金属屏蔽板207的直径为60mm。金属屏蔽板207的直径越小，所能起到的隔离效果越差，而直径越大虽然能够起到较好的隔离效果，但是由于体积所限，且设置过大也会对信号接收造成干扰，上述设置的金属屏蔽板207直径在合适的范围内，使金属屏蔽板207能够起到较好屏蔽隔离效果(可以有效降低相互干扰的50-80％)的同时也不会占用过大的面积和衰减信号；所述金属屏蔽板207的厚度为0.3mm；所述金属屏蔽板207距离环状天线200有26.35mm，距离柱形天线100有9mm。可以看出金属屏蔽板207离 柱形天线100较近，本实施例倾向于接收水平极化的电视信号，适用于水平极化信号较多的区域。
所述柱形天线100的高度为138mm，垂直固定罩10的高度为205mm，垂直固定罩10比柱形天线100高约四分之一，这样设置能保证垂直固定罩10内的柱形天线100能有较大的缓冲空间，增强柱形天线10在振动下的稳定性。
本实施例整体高度为293.92mm，宽度(也即图4中所示的水平固定罩20的直径)为479.85mm，一只手即可拿起，方便携带，便于户外使用。
如图12所示，所述LTE滤波器包括依次串联的输入端，第一组并联的电感L9和电容C18，第一组并联的电感L10和电容C20，第三组并联的电感L10和电容C20，输出端。第一组并联电路和第二组并联电路之间的结点通过电容C19接地，第二组并联电路和第三组并联电路之间的结点通过电容C21接地；其中电感L9、L10和L11的参数均为10～18nH(2.5*1.5*0.5Q)，电容C18、C19、C20、C21和C22的参数分别为2PF、2.2PF、3.3PF、1.8PF和2.5PF。
如图13所示，所述高通滤波器包括依次串联的输入端、电容C5、电容C6、电容C7及输出端，各电容间的结点分别通过电感L1、L2和L3接地；其中电容C5、C6、C7和C8的参数分别为10P、3.3P、3.3P和10P，电感L1、L2和L3的参数均为10～22nH(2*2.5*0.4Q)。
如图14所示，所述第三放大器包括电阻R10、电容C31、电容C17、电容C8、电感L8和三极管U1，第三放大器的输入端通过电容C8与三极管U1的基极电连接，+5V电源端连接电阻R10一端，电阻R10另一端除了通过电容C31接地外，还连接电感L8的一端，电感L8的另一端分别连接电容C17的一端和三极管U1的集电极，电容C17的另一端接输出端，三极管的发射极接地，具体地，所述三极管U1为BGA614；其中电阻R10为62Ω，电容C31、C17、C8分别为10KPF、330PF、330PF，电感L8的参数为470NH。
如图15所示，所述混合器包括电阻R7、电容C20、电容C18、电容C22、电容C19、磁芯电感L4及磁芯电感L5，混合器的两个输入端分别连接电容C20和电容C19的一端，电容C20和电容C19的另一端分别连接磁芯电感L4的两端，且磁芯电感L4的两端还与电阻R7并联(电阻R7与磁芯电感L4在此处可提高两个输入信号的隔离度15～30dB左右，能够极大地降低两个信号之间的相互干扰)，磁芯电感L4和磁芯电感L5上分别有5圈绕线，图15中的结点T1分别连接磁芯电感L4绕线中间结点和将磁芯电感L5绕线分为比例1:3(或者是1:4)的结点，结点T1通过电容C18接地，磁芯电感L5绕线比重为3(或者是4)的一端接地，比重为1的一端接电容C22的一端，电容C22的另一端接输出端；其中电阻R7为 180Ω，电容C20、C18、C22、C19分别为330PF、2PF、330PF及330PF。
如图16、17和18所示的柱形天线100接收信号的波形图、环状天线200的波形图以及本实施例的波形图，在其中选取四个点进行比较，分别是174MHz、230MHz、470MHz和700MHz，其中174MHz至230MHz属于VHF频段，470MHz至700MHz属于UHF频段，可以看出本实施例的174MHz的增益为25.915dB，230MHz的增益为11.989dB，470MHz的增益为24.873dB，700MHz的增益为26.404dB，比单独用柱形天线100或环状天线200来接收信号的增益持平或更高，因此柱形天线100和环状天线200一起设置还能够起到对信号进行补偿的效果，具体原理为水平极化信号和垂直极化信号可以在反射的过程中相互转换；另外，从三个图中可看出700MHZ以上的频段的增益为负，也即高通滤波器将700MHZ以上的频段进行过滤，因为现在大多数地区已经不使用700MHZ以上的频段的广播信号。
如图19至22所示，是本专利在水平面上接收频率分别为194MHz、214MHz、550MHz、670MHz的方向图；如图23至24所示，是本专利在垂直面上接收频率分别为510MHz、700MHz的方向图；可以看出，在各个方向上天线的辐射场强分布比较均匀，本专利对各个频率的信号实现了全方位的接收。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种双极化全向天线，其特征在于，包括垂直极化天线及环状水平极化天线；所述垂直极化天线包括垂直固定罩及柱形天线，柱形天线固定安装在垂直固定罩中；所述水平极化天线包括水平固定罩及环状天线，环状天线固定安装在水平固定罩中，垂直固定罩固定安装在水平固定罩上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种双极化全向天线，其特征在于，所述垂直极化天线设置在水平极化天线中心垂直向上的方向，水平极化天线还包括设置在柱形天线和环状天线之间的金属屏蔽板。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种双极化全向天线，其特征在于，所述环状天线包括至少两层上下叠加的全向环状振子。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种双极化全向天线，其特征在于，一部分全向环状振子为UHF水平接收天线，另一部分为VHF水平接收天线。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种双极化全向天线，其特征在于，还包括设在水平固定罩内的混合滤波放大电路，所述混合滤波放大电路包括第一滤波器、第二滤波器、第三滤波器、第四滤波器、第一放大器、第二放大器、第三放大器及混合器，柱形天线依次通过第一滤波器及第一放大器与混合器的输入端电连接，UHF水平接收天线依次通过第二滤波器及第二放大器与混合器的输入端电连接，混合器的输出端与第三滤波器电连接，VHF水平接收天线与第四滤波器电连接，第三滤波器及第四滤波器的输出端均电连接第三放大器。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种双极化全向天线，其特征在于，所述混合滤波放大电路还包括与第三放大器电连接的LTE滤波器。
  7. 根据权利要求2至6任一项所述的一种双极化全向天线，其特征在于，所述金属屏蔽板为圆形，其直径为30至120mm。
  8. 根据权利要求2至6任一项所述的一种双极化全向天线，其特征在于，所述金属屏蔽板的厚度为0.1mm至0.6mm。
  9. 根据权利要求2至6任一项所述的一种双极化全向天线，其特征在于，所述金属屏蔽板平行设置在水平极化天线中心位置上，与垂直极化天线垂直，距离环状天线15mm至35mm，距离柱形天线5mm至12mm。
  10. 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的一种双极化全向天线，其特征在于，所述柱形天线的水平截面为十字形，且从上到下水平截面的面积增大。
PCT/CN2017/091766 2017-06-19 2017-07-05 一种双极化全向天线 WO2018232782A1 (zh)

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USD816641S1 (en) * 2015-10-30 2018-05-01 Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. Illuminated antenna cover
USD953309S1 (en) * 2020-03-11 2022-05-31 Zhicheng Zhou TV antenna
CN114122684B (zh) * 2020-08-30 2023-04-18 华为技术有限公司 天线装置和无线设备
US11670859B1 (en) 2022-03-28 2023-06-06 City University Of Hong Kong Tri-band dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna

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CN2549673Y (zh) * 2002-05-13 2003-05-07 孙青山 全方向、全频道电视接收天线
CN201797043U (zh) * 2010-07-14 2011-04-13 中国移动通信集团设计院有限公司 一种双极化吸顶天线
US20130215832A1 (en) * 2010-10-08 2013-08-22 Feng Gao Broadband dual-polarized omni-directional antenna and feeding method using the same
CN205944411U (zh) * 2016-08-12 2017-02-08 京信通信技术(广州)有限公司 双极化天线

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CN2549673Y (zh) * 2002-05-13 2003-05-07 孙青山 全方向、全频道电视接收天线
CN201797043U (zh) * 2010-07-14 2011-04-13 中国移动通信集团设计院有限公司 一种双极化吸顶天线
US20130215832A1 (en) * 2010-10-08 2013-08-22 Feng Gao Broadband dual-polarized omni-directional antenna and feeding method using the same
CN205944411U (zh) * 2016-08-12 2017-02-08 京信通信技术(广州)有限公司 双极化天线

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