WO2018227669A1 - 一次性样本采集管及其应用方法 - Google Patents

一次性样本采集管及其应用方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018227669A1
WO2018227669A1 PCT/CN2017/091229 CN2017091229W WO2018227669A1 WO 2018227669 A1 WO2018227669 A1 WO 2018227669A1 CN 2017091229 W CN2017091229 W CN 2017091229W WO 2018227669 A1 WO2018227669 A1 WO 2018227669A1
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Prior art keywords
tube
spoon
rubber plug
sample collection
cavity
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PCT/CN2017/091229
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡强
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四川沃文特生物技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2018227669A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018227669A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of sample testing, and relates to a disposable sample collection tube and an application method thereof.
  • Sample collection is an important part of medical examination. In the prior art, most of the sample collection is sampled by plastic cup. The main defects are as follows: 1. The plastic cup sampling is not good for the sample, and the liquid and the mixture are mixed. It is open-ended and has a great influence on the accuracy of the test results. Second, the amount of sampled samples is difficult to control and quantitative sampling is impossible.
  • the original sample collection tube is equipped with a quantitative scraper.
  • the quantitative scraper is used to scrape off excess feces.
  • the patient is complicated to operate, and the quantitative scraper is not used because of the unfamiliar use of the product, and the quantitative scraper is not discarded, which may affect the collection of sample traits and the like.
  • the original sample collection tube has no large particle blocking structure at the upper end of the tube spoon, and there is a risk of being blocked by larger particles.
  • the snap-fit structure of the rubber plug ring of the original sample collection tube is simple but not flexible, and there is a risk of the buckle being broken during installation, and there is a risk that the lower rubber plug will pop out due to the fixation being weak after installation.
  • the invention provides a disposable sample collection tube and an application method thereof.
  • the disposable sample collection tube comprises a tube body having a cavity therein, a tube cover which is detachably connected to the top portion and can be rotatably connected to the top of the tube body through the tube cover; wherein the lower end of the tube body is provided with an overcurrent a partition of the hole, the partition partitions the inside of the tube into two upper and lower cavities, the tube spoon is built in the upper cavity, and the lower cavity is provided with a matching rubber plug, and the lower rubber plug is opened There is a sample collection chamber that communicates with the upper cavity through the overflow hole; the quantitative scraper is eliminated in the structure, and the process of scraping off excess feces using the quantitative scraper is eliminated, and the use is convenient, simple and easy to understand.
  • the lower end of the lower rubber plug is fixed to the lower end of the tubular body through a rubber plug ring
  • the rubber plug ring includes a snap ring body and a plurality of elastic buckles disposed on the edge of the snap ring body, and correspondingly on the snap ring body
  • the position is provided with a groove for mounting the elastic buckle
  • the lower end of the pipe body is provided with a fastening hole matched with the elastic buckle.
  • the middle portion of the buckle body is hollow, and the lower rubber plug is exposed; the elastic buckle The installation avoids the risk of breakage and the risk of the lower rubber plug being ejected due to the unfixed fixing after installation, and is convenient to install, not easily damaged, and firmly fixed.
  • the upper outer wall of the tube spoon is further provided with a serrated annular baffle.
  • the annular baffle blocks large particles, thereby avoiding the risk of clogging.
  • the elastic buckle includes an elastic member and a protrusion
  • the elastic member is connected to an end of the groove near the edge of the buckle body and extends laterally to the other end of the groove near the edge of the buckle body but is not connected thereto.
  • the protrusion is disposed on an outer edge of the elastic member and adjacent to the other end of the groove, and the protrusion is matched and fixed with the buckle hole.
  • the structure of the elastic buckle is reasonable, and the elastic member, the protrusion and the snap hole are used together, which can effectively serve the installation and is not easy to be damaged, and the fixing is firm.
  • the tube spoon comprises a cylindrical and hollow spoon tube, an inner passage communicating with the lower end portion of the scoop tube at the upper end portion, and a scoop portion disposed vertically at the lower end portion of the inner passage portion, the scoop portion
  • the bottom of the bottom is provided with at least one micro-hole through which the scoop portion communicates with the internal passage; in the scoop tube, a rubber plug and an inner rubber plug having a concave cavity are sequentially inserted from top to bottom, and the upper rubber plug and the inner rubber plug are combined and Forming between the two
  • the upper portion of the inner rubber plug is provided with at least one notch, and the scoop tube is provided with at least one air hole corresponding to the notch; and the serrated annular baffle is disposed below the air hole.
  • a through hole may be formed in the middle of the tube cover to expose the upper rubber plug therein.
  • At least one notch on the inner rubber plug is electrically connected to the air hole in the scoop tube.
  • the number and distribution of the notches, the number and distribution of the air holes should be satisfied: the inner rubber plug can rotate freely in the circumferential direction, and the gap and the air hole can be ensured.
  • the outer wall of the scoop tube is provided with an annular snap ring ring stop, an annular groove, and the zigzag annular baffle from the top to the bottom.
  • An annular sealing ring is disposed in the annular groove, and the bottom of the tube cover is provided with at least one buckle matched with the annular engaging member.
  • an external thread is provided on an upper outer wall of the tubular body, and an internal thread matching the external thread is disposed in the tubular cover.
  • the tube cap is screwed to the tube body by the cooperation of the internal thread and the external thread.
  • a screen is arranged between the lower rubber plug and the partition.
  • the outer wall of the scoop tube is also provided with at least two ribs perpendicular to the outer wall thereof, and the inner wall of the tube body is vertically provided with a rib for resisting the outside of the scoop tube.
  • the ribs on the outer wall of the scoop tube include short ribs and long ribs. When the short ribs are used to fit the tube body, the tube spoon is prevented from being skewed, and the long ribs are used to cooperate with the ribs, and the ribs are used to resist the spoon. Long ribs on the outer wall of the tube.
  • the application method of the disposable sample collection tube includes the following steps:
  • the tube spoon is inserted into the sample, and the sample is scooped through the spoon portion, and a flat spoon is excavated, and then the tube spoon collecting the sample is placed in the tube body, and then the tube cover is tightened;
  • an operation of adding or mixing a gas may be performed between the steps A and B, and the specific method is as follows:
  • the inventive concept of the present invention mainly considers the following seven aspects:
  • the collected sample falls to the tube body storage.
  • the sealing performance between the tube spoon and the tube body is an important factor determining whether the sample is sealed. Therefore, the annular sealing ring is used for the tube spoon and the tube body.
  • the contact port is sealed; at the same time, the pipe cover and the pipe body are screwed together to seal the joint between the pipe cover and the pipe body, and the effect of the secondary sealing is much better than the single sealing measure, and the sample is realized.
  • the seal stored in the tube body is
  • the sealing effect of adding liquid, mixing and sampling is also an important factor affecting the test results. It is obviously not advisable to add liquid, mix and sample in non-closed environment.
  • the invention designs an internal channel in the tube spoon, a rubber plug is installed on the upper part of the tube spoon, and a liquid needle/gas filling needle is inserted into the rubber plug to liquid or Gas is injected into the sample in the sample collection chamber from the internal channel to achieve liquid addition to the sample in a closed environment; sampling is taken from the lower part of the tube body.
  • the lower cavity of the tube body is sealed with a lower rubber plug, and the lower rubber plug is opened on the lower rubber plug.
  • the sample collection chamber is collected in the lower rubber plug, and then the lower rubber plug is inserted into the sample collection chamber by the sampling needle to realize the sampling operation in a closed environment.
  • the present invention applies the upper layer of the tube spoon.
  • the plug and the inner rubber plug are combined to be designed as a hollow structure, and at the same time, the inner rubber plug is hollow inside, and the gas permeable needle is inserted into the cavity of the inner rubber plug to be exhausted outward.
  • the quantitative scraper causes the patient to operate complicated, and the quantitative scraper is not used because the product is unfamiliar, and the quantitative scraper is not discarded, which may affect the collection of sample traits, etc., and the quantitative scraping is eliminated in the structure.
  • the board also eliminates the need to use a quantitative scraper to scrape excess feces, which is easy to use and simple to understand.
  • the original sample collection tube has no large particle blocking structure at the upper end of the tube spoon, and there is a risk of being blocked by larger particles.
  • the annular baffle blocks large particles, thus avoiding the risk of clogging.
  • the buckle structure of the rubber plug ring of the original sample collection tube is simple but not elastic, and there is a risk of the buckle being broken at the time of installation, and there is a risk that the lower rubber plug is ejected due to the fixation being weak after installation. Bomb The setting of the sexual buckle avoids the risk of breakage and the risk of the lower rubber plug ejecting due to the unfixed fixing after installation, and is convenient to install, not easy to be damaged, and firmly fixed.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the annular baffle can block large particles, thereby avoiding the risk of clogging.
  • the invention can simultaneously achieve the beneficial effects of the original structure.
  • the invention has the advantages of ingenious design, simpler structure and more convenient realization, not only novelty and creativity, but also very high practicability and market competitiveness. It has laid a solid foundation for its wide-ranging promotion and application.
  • Figure 1 is an exploded view of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the present invention after assembly.
  • Figure 3 is an internal cross-sectional view of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of the interior of the pipe body of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion A in Fig. 1.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of the rubber plug ring of the present invention.
  • the disposable sample collection tube comprises a tube spoon 1 and a tube body 2, and a tube cover 3 is attached to the top of the tube spoon 1 and is relatively rotatable.
  • the tube body is hollow.
  • the tube spoon is loaded into the tube body, and the tube cap is screwed to the upper portion of the tube body.
  • the embodiment adopts a two-stage sealed sealing form, a first-stage sealing: an external thread is arranged on the upper outer wall of the pipe body 2, and the pipe cover 3 is provided with the outer portion.
  • the tube cover 3 is screwed to the tube body 2 by the cooperation of the internal thread and the external thread; the secondary seal: an annular groove 113 is opened in the upper part of the tube spoon, and an annular sealing ring 5 is installed in the annular groove The sealing ring acts to seal the contact opening between the tube spoon and the tube body.
  • the method of tightening the tube spoon between the tube spoon and the tube body should also have the following structure: the outer wall of the tube spoon 1 is also vertically provided with at least two ribs 112 perpendicular to the outer wall thereof, and the ribs include short ribs and long ribs 114.
  • the pipe spoon is prevented from being skewed; on the inner wall of the pipe body 2, a rib 23 for resisting the long rib of the outer wall of the spoon pipe is vertically provided. The rib protrudes from the outer wall of the tube spoon, and the rib protrudes from the inner wall of the tube body.
  • the method of screwing between the tube spoon and the tube body through the tube cover is as follows: rotating the tube cover, at this time, the tube cover and the tube spoon move synchronously, and when the long ribs on the side wall of the tube spoon touch the block in the tube body After the rib, the tube spoon stops rotating, because the tube spoon and the tube cover can rotate relative to each other, so the tube cover continues to rotate until it is tightened.
  • the step of opening the tube cover and removing the tube spoon are reversed from the above.
  • the lower end of the pipe body is provided with a flow hole in the embodiment.
  • a partition 22 of the separator 22 the partition 22 is divided into two upper and lower cavities, and the scoop 1 is built in the upper cavity, and the lower cavity is provided with a lower rubber plug 4 matched thereto, and the lower rubber is provided.
  • the plug 4 is provided with a sample collection chamber 41 communicating with the upper cavity through the flow orifice 21, and preferably, the lower rubber plug should completely block the lower cavity of the tubular body.
  • a rubber plug ring 8 is further disposed at the bottom thereof, and the middle of the rubber plug ring is hollow, and the bottom of the lower rubber plug is exposed.
  • the sampling needle When sampling, the sampling needle can be inserted into the cavity to achieve sampling, which avoids contamination of the sample and affects the test result.
  • a filter screen 7 is further disposed between the lower rubber plug and the partition plate, and the collected sample flows through the flow hole to the sample sampling chamber, and the residue in the sample is filtered out by the filter screen to prevent the specimen from being removed. The residue affects the identification results.
  • the buckle structure of the rubber plug ring of the original sample collection tube is simple but not elastic, and there is a risk of the buckle being broken at the time of installation, and there is a risk that the lower rubber plug is ejected due to the fixation being weak after installation.
  • the rubber plug ring 8 includes a snap ring body and a plurality of elastic buckles 81 disposed on the edge of the snap ring body. The corresponding position on the snap ring body is provided with a groove 82 for mounting the elastic buckle 81.
  • the elastic buckle 81 matches the fixed snap hole; the specific structure is: the elastic buckle 81 includes an elastic member and a protrusion, and the elastic member is connected to the end of the groove 82 near the edge of the buckle body and extends laterally to the groove 82. The other end of the edge of the snap ring body is not connected thereto.
  • the protrusion is disposed on the outer edge of the elastic member and adjacent to the other end of the recess 82.
  • the protrusion is matched and fixed with the snap hole.
  • the structure of the elastic buckle is reasonable, and the elastic member, the protrusion and the snap hole are used together, which can effectively serve the installation and is not easy to be damaged, and the fixing is firm.
  • the scoop comprises a cylindrical and hollow scoop tube 11, an internal passage 12 disposed at a lower portion of the scoop tube 11 and communicating therewith, and a scoop portion 13 vertically disposed at an end of the internal passage 12, the scoop portion
  • the bottom of the 13 is provided with at least one micro hole 131 through which the scoop portion 13 communicates with the internal passage 12; in the scoop tube 11, a top rubber plug 14 and an inner rubber plug having a concave cavity are arranged in order from top to bottom. 15.
  • the rubber stopper 14 and the inner rubber stopper 15 are combined to form a hollow structure; generally, the volume of the inner rubber stopper 15 is substantially matched with the spoon tube, and the inner rubber stopper 15 is embedded in the spoon tube 11, and after the two are coupled, the inner rubber stopper It can realize the complete sealing of the spoon tube.
  • the structure of the tube spoon being engaged with the tube cover and rotatable relative to each other is as follows: the top of the outer wall of the spoon tube 11 is provided with an annular snap member 115, and the bottom of the tube cover 3 is provided with at least one buckle matched with the annular clip member 115. After the two are snapped together, the tube spoon and the tube cover are locked and relatively rotatable. In this embodiment, only the implementation of the locking and the relative rotation of the tube spoon and the tube cover is illustrated. It should be noted that the implementation manner is very mature in the prior art, and those skilled in the art understand the structure. On the premise of the principle, corresponding adjustments or improvements may be made, but such adjustments or improvements are also included in the scope of protection of the present invention.
  • annular stop is arranged on the outer wall of the spoon tube 11 and between the annular clip 115 and the annular groove 113.
  • the original sample collection tube has no large particle blocking structure at the upper end of the tube scoop, and is blocked by larger particles. risks of.
  • a serrated annular baffle 6 is further disposed on the outer wall of the scoop tube 11 and below the annular groove 113. The annular baffle blocks large particles, thereby avoiding the risk of clogging.
  • the outer wall of the scoop tube 11 in this embodiment is an annular snap member 115, an annular stop, an annular groove 113, and an annular baffle 6 from top to bottom.
  • the shape of the scoop portion is "concave", that is, the cavity should be recessed to form a cavity for accommodating the sample, and the shape of the scoop can be set at any one, and is not particularly limited.
  • the shape of the scoop portion in the drawing should not limit the protection of the present invention. range.
  • the scoop is used to quantify the sputum sample.
  • the steps for collecting samples by the present invention are as follows:
  • the tube spoon is inserted into the sample, and the sample is scooped through the spoon portion, and a flat spoon is excavated, and then the tube spoon collecting the sample is placed in the tube body, and then the tube cover is tightened;
  • the sampling by the present invention is: inserting a sample needle from the lower portion of the lower rubber plug into the lower rubber sample collection chamber, and collecting the sample through the sampling needle.
  • the ribs and the annular sealing ring are all arranged on the spoon tube, and the inner rubber plug and the upper rubber plug divide the inside of the spoon tube into two chambers. a cavity, a cavity of the inner rubber plug, a cavity surrounded by a lower portion of the inner rubber plug and a lower portion of the spoon tube, and the cavity communicates with the internal passage and communicates with the spoon portion through the micro hole, and the cavity of the inner rubber plug
  • the cavity enclosed by the lower part of the inner rubber plug and the lower part of the spoon tube serves as a passage for adding liquid and mixing the gas into the tube body.
  • the embodiment has at least one notch 151 in the upper portion of the inner rubber plug 15, and the spoon tube 11 has at least one position and
  • the gap 151 corresponds to the air hole 111, and the air hole is located between the annular groove and the annular baffle.
  • the number and distribution of the notches, the number and distribution of the air holes, and the rotation of the inner rubber plug in the circumferential direction can ensure the notch and the air hole. Turn on.
  • the above rubber plug, inner rubber plug, notch, and air hole function to form a passage for adding or adding air into the tube, and a passage for exhausting the inside of the tube to the outside of the tube, and the specific realization is as follows:
  • the upper end of the needle is located outside the tube cover, and the lower end is inserted outside the bottom of the inner rubber plug and extends to the spoon tube; at this time, the venting needle - the inner rubber plug cavity - the notch - the air hole, the four are realized inside the tube
  • the liquid addition needle / the gas supply needle - the lower part of the spoon tube - the internal passage - the micro-hole - the spoon part - the overflow hole, which constitutes the sample collection chamber in the downward rubber plug Or aerated passages.
  • the middle portion of the cap can adopt a hollow structure, and the upper rubber plug under it is directly exposed to facilitate the pin.
  • the path of the added liquid or gas is as follows: the lower part of the spoon - the internal passage - the micro-hole - the scoop - the overflow orifice; at the same time, the gas in the tube passes through the pores and the gap on the inner rubber plug Flow into the cavity of the inner rubber plug, Then through the venting needle to the outside of the tube cover, the exhaust path is as follows: vent - notch - inner rubber cavity - vent needle.
  • the present embodiment further has a positioning rib 24 perpendicular to the wall of the tubular body on the outer wall of the tubular body.
  • the present invention is not only a single technical solution, but also an overall solution composed of a plurality of cases, each of which is an arrangement manner, that is, each embodiment is one of the technical solutions of the present invention.
  • the present invention can be preferably implemented in accordance with the above embodiments. It should be noted that, based on the above structural design, in order to solve the same technical problem, even if some substantial changes or retouchings are made on the present invention, the essence of the technical solution adopted is still the same as the present invention. Therefore, it should also be within the scope of the present invention.

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Abstract

一次性样本采集管，包括内部具有空腔的管体（2），顶部设有管盖（3）并可通过该管盖（3）与管体（2）顶部旋转连接的管勺（1）；管体（2）下端设有具有过流孔（21）的隔板（22），该隔板（22）将管体（2）内部分隔为上下两个空腔，管勺（1）内置于上空腔内，下空腔内设有与其匹配的下胶塞（4），且该下胶塞（4）上开设有通过过流孔（21）与上空腔连通的样本收集腔（41）。在原有的结构基础上，取消了定量刮板，使用时也免去了使用定量刮板刮除多余粪便的过程，使用方便、简洁易懂；弹性卡扣（81）的设置避免了断裂的风险和安装后因固定不牢固而使下胶塞（4）弹出的风险，安装方便、不易损坏、固定牢固。环形挡板（6）能阻挡大颗粒，进而避免了堵塞的风险。该装置设计巧妙、结构更加简单、实现更加方便。

Description

一次性样本采集管及其应用方法 技术领域
本发明属于样本检验领域，涉及一种一次性样本采集管及其应用方法。
背景技术
在医学检验行业中，自动化设备能代替绝大部分繁琐的人工操作，较之人工而言，自动化设备的检验速度更快、效率更高，检验结果更为准确、一致性好，有效避免了生化污染及人为误差，因此得到了广泛应用。
样本采集是医学检验中的重要环节，现有技术中，对于样本的采集多数采用塑料杯取样，其主要存在以下缺陷：一、塑料杯取样对样本的密封欠佳，且加液和混匀均是开放式的，对检验结果的精确性影响非常大；二、取样样本的量较难掌控，无法做到定量取样。
在此技术基础上，现开发了一次性标本采集管，但该采集管仍然存在以下缺陷：
1、原有样本采集管配有定量刮板，病人采样时需要用该定量刮板刮除多余粪便。存在缺陷：病人操作复杂，会因为对产品使用的不熟悉而未使用定量刮板并且未丢掉定量刮板，进而会影响样本性状的采集等。
2、原有样本采集管在管勺上端通气孔处没有大颗粒的阻挡结构，有存在被较大颗粒堵塞的风险。
3、原有样本采集管的胶塞卡环的卡扣结构简单但是没有弹性，有存在安装时候卡扣断裂的风险，同时存在安装后因固定不牢固而使下胶塞弹出的风险。
发明内容
本发明提供一次性样本采集管及其应用方法。
一次性样本采集管，包括内部具有空腔的管体，顶部可拆卸连接有管盖并可通过该管盖与管体顶部旋转连接的管勺；其中，所述管体下端设有具有过流孔的隔板，该隔板将管体内部分隔为上下两个空腔，所述管勺内置于上空腔内，下空腔内设有与其匹配的下胶塞，且该下胶塞上开设有通过过流孔与上空腔连通的样本收集腔；在结构上取消了定量刮板，使用时也免去了使用定量刮板刮除多余粪便的过程，使用方便、简洁易懂。
具体地，所述下胶塞的下端部通过胶塞卡环与管体下端固定，该胶塞卡环包括卡环本体和多个设于卡环本体边缘的弹性卡扣，卡环本体上相应位置设有用于安装弹性卡扣的凹槽，管体下端设有与弹性卡扣匹配固定的卡扣孔，为了便于取样，所述卡环本体中部为中空，裸露出下胶塞；弹性卡扣的设置避免了断裂的风险和安装后因固定不牢固而使下胶塞弹出的风险，安装方便、不易损坏、固定牢固。
进一步地，所述管勺的上部外壁还设有锯齿状的环形挡板。该环形挡板能阻挡大颗粒，进而避免了堵塞的风险。
具体地，所述弹性卡扣包括弹性件和凸起，所述弹性件与凹槽靠近卡环本体边缘的一端连接且横向延伸至凹槽靠近卡环本体边缘的另一端但不与之连接，所述凸起设于弹性件的外边缘且靠近凹槽的另一端，该凸起与卡扣孔匹配固定。弹性卡扣的结构设置合理，弹性件、凸起和卡扣孔配合使用，可有效地起到安装方便并且不易损坏，固定牢固的作用。
进一步地，所述管勺包括呈圆筒形且中空的勺管，上端部与勺管下端部连通的内部通道，以及竖直设置于内部通道下端部且呈凹形的勺部，该勺部的底部设有至少一个微孔，勺部通过该微孔与内部通道连通；在勺管内从上至下依次嵌入上胶塞和具有凹腔的内胶塞，上胶塞和内胶塞组合并在二者之间形成中 空结构，所述内胶塞的上部设有至少一个缺口，所述勺管上设有至少一个位置与缺口对应的气孔；所述锯齿状的环形挡板设于气孔下方。在此基础上，管盖的中间可开设通孔，以使得其内的上胶塞裸露出来。
为了装配方便，所述内胶塞上至少有一个缺口与勺管上的气孔导通。在实际应用情况下，缺口的数量及分布、气孔数量及分布应当满足：内胶塞圆周方向任意旋转，均能保证缺口与气孔导通。
为了达到最佳的密封效果，也为了操作更加方便灵活，结构更加合理，所述勺管外壁从顶部向下依次设有环形卡接件环形挡台、环形槽，所述锯齿状的环形挡板设于环形槽下方；所述环形槽内安装有环形密封圈，所述管盖的底部设有至少一个与环形卡接件匹配的卡扣。
进一步地，在所述管体的上部外壁上设有外螺纹，所述管盖内设有与该外螺纹匹配的内螺纹。管盖通过内螺纹与外螺纹的配合与管体旋紧。
为了将干扰检验结果的残渣过滤掉，所述下胶塞与隔板之间设有滤网。
为了更好的实现，所述勺管的外壁上还竖直设有至少两条垂直于其外壁的筋，而在管体的内壁上则竖直设有用于抵挡勺管外部的档筋。在一种实施方案中，勺管外壁上的筋包括短筋和长筋，短筋用于装入管体时，防止管勺歪斜，长筋则用于与挡筋配合，通过挡筋抵挡勺管外壁的长筋。
一次性样本采集管的应用方法，包括以下步骤：
A、采集样本
S1、握紧并旋转管盖，通过管盖将管勺从管体内取出；
S2、将管勺伸入样本，通过勺部舀样本，挖取一平勺，然后将采集有样本的管勺放入管体中，再旋紧管盖；
S3、样本从勺部通过过流孔落入下胶塞的样本收集腔内；
B、取样:用取样针从下胶塞下部插入至下胶塞的样本收集腔内，通过取样针采集样本。
进一步地，在所述步骤A和B之间还可进行加液或混匀气体的操作，其具体方法如下：
(1)从管盖向管勺内插入中空的通气针和加液针/加气针，其中，通气针的上端位于管盖外部，其下端插入至的内胶塞的凹腔内，加液针/加气针的上端位于管盖外部，其下端插至内胶塞底部之外，并延伸至勺管；
(2)向加液针/加气针内加入液体或气体，液体或气体沿加液针/加气针流至内部通道，并通过微孔从内部通道流至勺部，然后流至下胶塞的样本收集腔内；与此同时，管体内气体通过气孔和内胶塞上的缺口流至内胶塞的凹腔内，再通过通气针流至管盖外部。
本发明的发明构思主要考虑了以下七方面问题：
一、定量采集样本的便捷性
独特设计管勺，利用勺部舀样本，实现定量采集。
二、避免生化污染，确保样本的密闭
采集后的样本，落至管体存储，此时，管勺与管体之间的密封性能的好坏，是决定样本是否密闭的重要因素，因此，采用环形的密封圈对管勺与管体的接触口进行密封；同时，管盖与管体之间通过螺纹旋接，以对管盖和管体的连接处进行密封，二次密封的效果远优于单一的密封措施，实现了样本在管体内存储的密封。
三、在密闭的条件下进行样本的加液、混匀、取样
加液、混匀、取样的密封效果也是影响检验结果的重要因素，现有开放式 (非密闭环境下操作)的加液、混匀、取样显然不可取，本发明在管勺内设计内部通道，管勺上部安装胶塞，加液针/加气针插入胶塞，将液体或气体从内部通道注入样本收集腔内的样本内，实现密闭环境下对样本加液；取样从管体下部采取，首先，用下胶塞封堵住管体的下部空腔，在下胶塞上开设样本收集腔，样本收集在下胶塞内，然后用取样针插入下胶塞至样本收集腔内，实现密闭环境下的取样操作。
四、密闭条件下加液的透气性
公知的，在密闭环境下，加液必然占据管体内的固有容积，液体或气体进入管体内的体积，管体内必然需要向外部排出同等体积的气体，因此，本发明将管勺上部的上胶塞和内胶塞组合后设计为中空结构，同时，内胶塞的内部中空，透气针插入内胶塞的空腔内，向外排气。
五、定量刮板多余
在实际运用时，定量刮板造成病人操作复杂，会因为对产品使用的不熟悉而未使用定量刮板并且未丢掉定量刮板，进而会影响样本性状的采集等，在结构上取消了定量刮板，使用时也免去了使用定量刮板刮除多余粪便的过程，使用方便、简洁易懂。
六、气孔堵塞的风险性
原有样本采集管在管勺上端通气孔处没有大颗粒的阻挡结构，有存在被较大颗粒堵塞的风险。环形挡板能阻挡大颗粒，进而避免了堵塞的风险。
七、胶塞卡环易损坏
原有样本采集管的胶塞卡环的卡扣结构简单但是没有弹性，有存在安装时候卡扣断裂的风险，同时存在安装后因固定不牢固而使下胶塞弹出的风险。弹 性卡扣的设置避免了断裂的风险和安装后因固定不牢固而使下胶塞弹出的风险，安装方便、不易损坏、固定牢固。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明在原有结构上，着重突出以下三方面改进以及带来的有益效果：
(1)在结构上取消了定量刮板，使用时也免去了使用定量刮板刮除多余粪便的过程，使用方便、简洁易懂。
(2)弹性卡扣的设置避免了断裂的风险和安装后因固定不牢固而使下胶塞弹出的风险，安装方便、不易损坏、固定牢固。
(3)环形挡板能阻挡大颗粒，进而避免了堵塞的风险。
在此基础上，本发明还可同时达到原有结构的有益效果，总而言之，本发明设计巧妙、结构更加简单、实现更加方便，不仅具备新颖性和创造性，具备非常高的实用性和市场竞争力，为其大范围的推广应用，奠定了坚实的基础。
附图说明
图1为本发明的爆炸图。
图2为本发明装配完成后的结构示意图。
图3为本发明的内部剖视图。
图4为本发明中管体的内部示意图。
图5为图1中A部放大图。
图6为本发明胶塞卡环的结构示意图。
其中，附图标记所对应的名称：1-管勺，2-管体，3-管盖，4-下胶塞，5-环形密封圈，6-环形挡板，7-滤网，8-胶塞卡环，81-弹性卡扣，82-凹槽；
11-勺管，12-内部通道，13-勺部，14-上胶塞，15-内胶塞，21-过流孔， 22-隔板，23-挡筋，24-定位筋，41-样本收集腔，61-夹扣件；
111-气孔，112-筋，113-环形槽，114-长筋，115-环形卡接件，131-微孔，151-缺口。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步说明，本发明的实施方式包括但不限于下列实施例。
实施例
如图1-6所示，一次性样本采集管，包括管勺1和管体2两大部分，管勺1的顶部设有一个与其卡接并可相对旋转的管盖3，管体中空，装配时，管勺装入管体内，管盖与管体的上部旋紧。进一步的，为了确保二者连接的紧密性，本实施例采用两级密封的密封形式，一级密封：在管体2的上部外壁上设有外螺纹，管盖3内则设有与该外螺纹匹配的内螺纹，管盖3通过内螺纹与外螺纹的配合与管体2旋紧；二级密封：在管勺上部开设有环形槽113，并在该环形槽内安装有环形密封圈5，密封圈作用在于对管勺与管体的接触口进行密封。
管勺与管体之间通过管盖旋紧的方式，还应当具备以下结构：管勺1外壁上还竖直设有至少两条垂直于其外壁的筋112，筋包括短筋和长筋114，短筋用于装入管体时，防止管勺歪斜；在管体2的内壁上则竖直设有用于抵挡勺管外壁长筋的挡筋23。筋凸出于管勺的外壁，挡筋凸出于管体的内壁。基于上述结构，管勺与管体之间通过管盖旋紧的方式如下：旋转管盖，此时管盖与管勺同步运动，当管勺侧壁上的长筋触碰到管体内的挡筋后，管勺停止旋转，因管勺与管盖可相对旋转，因此，管盖继续旋转，直到其拧紧为止。打开管盖，取出管勺的步骤及动作关系与上述相反。
为了实现密封条件下的取样操作，本实施例中管体的下端设有具有过流孔 21的隔板22，该隔板22将管体2内部分隔为上下两个空腔，管勺1内置于上空腔内，下空腔内设有与其匹配的下胶塞4，且该下胶塞4上开设有通过过流孔21与上空腔连通的样本收集腔41，作为优选，下胶塞应当完全封堵住管体的下部空腔。进一步的，为了避免下胶塞掉落，在其底部还设有胶塞卡环8，胶塞卡环中部中空，裸露出下胶塞的底部。取样时，采用取样针插入腔内即可实现取样，避免了样本被污染，影响检验结果。再进一步的，本实施例还在下胶塞与隔板之间设有滤网7，采集的样本经过流孔流至样本取样腔前，由滤网将其内的残渣过滤掉，防止标本中的残渣影响鉴定结果。
原有样本采集管的胶塞卡环的卡扣结构简单但是没有弹性，有存在安装时候卡扣断裂的风险，同时存在安装后因固定不牢固而使下胶塞弹出的风险。胶塞卡环8包括卡环本体和多个设于卡环本体边缘的弹性卡扣81，卡环本体上相应位置设有用于安装弹性卡扣81的凹槽82，管体2下端设有与弹性卡扣81匹配固定的卡扣孔；具体结构为：弹性卡扣81包括弹性件和凸起，所述弹性件与凹槽82靠近卡环本体边缘的一端连接且横向延伸至凹槽82靠近卡环本体边缘的另一端但不与之连接，所述凸起设于弹性件的外边缘且靠近凹槽82的另一端，该凸起与卡扣孔匹配固定。弹性卡扣的结构设置合理，弹性件、凸起和卡扣孔配合使用，可有效地起到安装方便并且不易损坏，固定牢固的作用。
管勺包括呈圆筒形且中空的勺管11，设置于勺管11下部并与其连通的内部通道12，以及竖直设置于内部通道12端部且呈凹形的勺部13，该勺部13的底部至少设有一个微孔131，勺部13通过该微孔131与内部通道12连通；在勺管11内、从上至下依次设有上胶塞14和具有凹腔的内胶塞15，上胶塞14和内胶塞15组合构成中空结构；一般地，内胶塞15的体积基本与勺管匹配，内胶塞15嵌入勺管11内，二者配合连接后，内胶塞可实现完全封堵住勺管。
管勺与管盖卡接且可相对旋转的实现结构如下：勺管11外壁的顶部的设有环形卡接件115，管盖3的底部设有至少一个与环形卡接件115匹配的卡扣，二者卡接后，实现管勺与管盖的卡接且可相对旋转。本实施例中只举例说明，管勺与管盖的卡接且可相对旋转的实现方式，应当注意的是，该实现方式在现有技术中，已经非常成熟，本领域技术人员在明白其结构原理的前提下，可作相应的调整或改进，但是，这些调整或改进也应当包含在本发明的保护范围内。
勺管11外壁上并位于环形卡接件115和环形槽113之间设有环形挡台，原有样本采集管在管勺上端通气孔处没有大颗粒的阻挡结构，有存在被较大颗粒堵塞的风险。本实施例在勺管11外壁上并位于环形槽113的下方还设有锯齿状的环形挡板6。该环形挡板能阻挡大颗粒，进而避免了堵塞的风险。在物理位置关系上，本实施例在勺管11外壁从上到下依次为环形卡接件115、环形挡台、环形槽113、环形挡板6。
勺部的形状呈“凹”形，即其中间应当凹陷，形成可容纳样本的腔，其外观形状可任一设置，不作特别限定，附图中对勺部的形状不应当限制本发明的保护范围。勺部用于定量舀样本。
通过本发明采集样本的步骤如下：
S1、握紧并旋转管盖，通过管盖将管勺从管体内取出；
S2、将管勺伸入样本，通过勺部舀样本，挖取一平勺，然后将采集有样本的管勺放入管体中，再旋紧管盖；
S3、样本从勺部通过过流孔落入下胶塞的样本收集腔内；
通过本发明取样的步骤为:用取样针从下胶塞下部插入至下胶塞样本收集腔内，通过取样针采集样本。
筋及环形密封圈均设置在勺管上，内胶塞和上胶塞将勺管内部分为两个腔 体，一个为内胶塞的凹腔，一个为内胶塞下部与勺管下部围成的腔体，且该腔体与内部通道连通并通过微孔与勺部连通，内胶塞的凹腔作为内部气流外排的通道，内胶塞下部与勺管下部围成的腔体作为向管体内加液、混匀气体的通道。
进一步的，作为一种优选方案，尤其是当内胶塞完全封堵住勺管时，本实施例在内胶塞15的上部至少设有一个缺口151，勺管11上至少设有一个位置与缺口151对应的气孔111，该气孔位于环形槽和环形挡板之间，作为优选，为了装配方便，缺口数量及分布、气孔数量及分布，使得内胶塞圆周方向任意旋转均能保证缺口与气孔导通。
上述上胶塞、内胶塞、缺口、气孔的作用在于形成向管内加液或加气的通道，以及由管内向管外排气的通道，具体的实现如下：
加液或加气前
从管盖向管勺内插入中空的通气针和加液针/加气针，其中，通气针的上端位于管盖外部，其下端插入至内胶塞的凹腔内，加液针/加气针的上端位于管盖外部，其下端插至内胶塞底部之外，并延伸至勺管；此时，通气针——内胶塞凹腔——缺口——气孔，四者即实现了管内与管外气压的连通；加液针/加气针——勺管下部——内部通道——微孔——勺部——过流孔，即构成了向下胶塞内样本采集腔加液或加气的通道。因插针的需要，作为优选，管盖的中部可采用中空的结构，直接将其下的上胶塞裸露出来，以便于插针。
加液或加气
向加液针/加气针内加入液体或气体，液体或气体沿加液针/加气针流至内部通道，并通过微孔从内部通道流至勺部，然后流至下胶塞的样本收集腔内，所加液体或气体的路径如下：勺管下部——内部通道——微孔——勺部——过流孔；与此同时，管体内气体通过气孔和内胶塞上的缺口流至内胶塞的凹腔内， 再通过通气针流至管盖外部，排气路径如下：气孔——缺口——内胶塞凹腔——通气针。
为了使得本发明可与其他机械或机械上的零部件连接定位，本实施例在管体的外壁上还竖着设有垂直于管体壁的定位筋24。
本发明不仅仅是一个单独的技术方案，并且是由多个个案组成的整体方案，每个实施例均是一种设置方式，即每个实施例均是本发明的技术方案之一。
按照上述实施例，便可很好地实现本发明。值得说明的是，基于上述结构设计的前提下，为解决同样的技术问题，即使在本发明上做出的一些无实质性的改动或润色，所采用的技术方案的实质仍然与本发明一样，故其也应当在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一次性样本采集管，其特征在于，包括内部具有空腔的管体(2)，顶部可拆卸连接有管盖(3)并可通过该管盖(3)与管体顶部旋转连接的管勺(1)；其中，所述管体(2)下端设有具有过流孔(21)的隔板(22)，该隔板(22)将管体(2)内部分隔为上下两个空腔，所述管勺(1)内置于上空腔内，下空腔内设有与其匹配的下胶塞(4)，且该下胶塞(4)上开设有通过过流孔(21)与上空腔连通的样本收集腔(41)；
    所述下胶塞(4)的下端部通过胶塞卡环(8)与管体(2)下端固定，该胶塞卡环(8)包括卡环本体和多个设于卡环本体边缘的弹性卡扣(81)，卡环本体上相应位置设有用于安装弹性卡扣(81)的凹槽(82)，管体(2)下端设有与弹性卡扣(81)匹配固定的卡扣孔，所述卡环本体中部为中空；
    所述管勺(1)的上部外壁还设有锯齿状的环形挡板(6)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一次性样本采集管，其特征在于，所述弹性卡扣(81)包括弹性件和凸起，所述弹性件与凹槽(82)靠近卡环本体边缘的一端连接且横向延伸至凹槽(82)靠近卡环本体边缘的另一端但不与之连接，所述凸起设于弹性件的外边缘且靠近凹槽(82)的另一端，该凸起与卡扣孔匹配固定。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一次性样本采集管，其特征在于，所述管勺(1)包括呈圆筒形且中空的勺管(11)，上端部与勺管(11)下端部连通的内部通道(12)，以及竖直设置于内部通道(12)下端部且呈凹形的勺部(13)，该勺部(13)的底部设有至少一个微孔(131)，勺部(13)通过该微孔(131)与内部通道(12)连通；
    在勺管(11)内从上至下依次嵌入上胶塞(14)和具有凹腔的内胶塞(15)，上胶塞(14)和内胶塞(15)组合并在二者之间形成中空结构，所述内胶塞(15) 的上部设有至少一个缺口(151)，所述勺管(11)上设有至少一个位置与缺口(151)对应的气孔(111)；
    所述锯齿状的环形挡板(6)设于气孔(111)下方。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一次性样本采集管，其特征在于，所述内胶塞(15)上至少有一个缺口与勺管(11)上的气孔(111)导通。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一次性样本采集管，其特征在于，所述勺管(11)外壁从顶部向下依次设有环形卡接件(115)、环形挡台、环形槽(113)，所述锯齿状的环形挡板(6)设于环形槽(113)下方；
    所述环形槽(113)内安装有环形密封圈(5)，所述管盖(3)的底部设有至少一个与环形卡接件(114)匹配的卡扣。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一次性样本采集管，其特征在于，在所述管体(2)的上部外壁上设有外螺纹，所述管盖(3)内设有与该外螺纹匹配的内螺纹。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一次性样本采集管，其特征在于，所述下胶塞(4)与隔板(22)之间设有滤网(7)。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的一次性样本采集管，其特征在于，所述勺管(11)的外壁上还竖直设有至少两条垂直于其外壁的筋(112)，而在管体(2)的内壁上则竖直设有用于抵挡勺管(11)外部的档筋(23)。
  9. 如权利要求1-8任意一项所述的一次性样本采集管的应用方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    A、采集样本
    S1、握紧并旋转管盖，通过管盖将管勺从管体内取出；
    S2、将管勺伸入样本，通过勺部舀样本，挖取一平勺，然后将采集有样本的管勺放入管体中，再旋紧管盖；
    S3、样本从勺部通过过流孔落入下胶塞的样本收集腔内；
    B、取样:用取样针从下胶塞下部插入至下胶塞的样本收集腔内，通过取样针采集样本。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一次性样本采集管的应用方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤A和B之间还可进行加液或混匀气体的操作，其具体方法如下：
    (1)从管盖向管勺内插入中空的通气针和加液针/加气针，其中，通气针的上端位于管盖外部，其下端插入至的内胶塞的凹腔内，加液针/加气针的上端位于管盖外部，其下端插至内胶塞底部之外，并延伸至勺管；
    (2)向加液针/加气针内加入液体或气体，液体或气体沿加液针/加气针流至内部通道，并通过微孔从内部通道流至勺部，然后流至下胶塞的样本收集腔内；与此同时，管体内气体通过气孔和内胶塞上的缺口流至内胶塞的凹腔内，再通过通气针流至管盖外部。
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