WO2018218972A1 - 一种太阳能供电系统及其充放电检测与调节电路 - Google Patents

一种太阳能供电系统及其充放电检测与调节电路 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018218972A1
WO2018218972A1 PCT/CN2018/072490 CN2018072490W WO2018218972A1 WO 2018218972 A1 WO2018218972 A1 WO 2018218972A1 CN 2018072490 W CN2018072490 W CN 2018072490W WO 2018218972 A1 WO2018218972 A1 WO 2018218972A1
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Prior art keywords
resistor
circuit
capacitor
charging
battery
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PCT/CN2018/072490
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
尹振坤
唐少海
李志伟
项佰川
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深圳源创智能照明有限公司
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Publication of WO2018218972A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018218972A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a solar power supply system and a charging and discharging detection and regulation circuit thereof.
  • a solar power supply system generally includes a charging circuit for charging a battery by a solar panel, a battery, and a solar battery, and the battery is a discharge system powered by the electric device.
  • a charging circuit for charging a battery by a solar panel, a battery, and a solar battery
  • the battery is a discharge system powered by the electric device.
  • the output voltage of the battery is generally used to know the capacity of the battery, and the battery capacity obtained by the method is not accurate.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a solar power supply system and a charge and discharge detection and regulation circuit thereof for the above-mentioned deficiencies of the solar power supply system.
  • the solar power supply system accurately calculates the memory in the battery by statistically inputting energy into the battery. Energy, easy to distribute.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is: a charging and discharging detecting and regulating circuit for a solar power supply system, comprising a solar panel SP, a battery BT, a charging circuit for charging the battery BT by the solar panel SP, and a discharging circuit for supplying power to the electric device;
  • the positive electrode SP+ of the solar panel SP is connected to the positive electrode BT+ of the battery BT, and the negative electrode BT- of the battery BT is further provided with a current sampling circuit, and further includes a single chip microcomputer and a current detecting circuit; the current detecting circuit is connected to the current sampling circuit, and
  • the current sensed current is input into the single-chip microcomputer, and the single-chip microcomputer obtains the real-time capacity of the battery through real-time charging current and time accumulation, adjusts the discharge power, and controls the reduction of the charging current or the shutdown charging when a large current is detected.
  • the single-chip microcomputer can calculate the charging and discharging capacity of the battery by detecting the recording charging and discharging current value and the time accumulation, and adjust the charging and discharging power.
  • the control reduces the charging current or turns off the charging; when discharging, detecting the discharging current and the time is expected to increase the lighting time when the battery capacity is insufficient, and the discharge current can be reduced.
  • the single-chip computer collects the current of the cathode output of the battery in real time, counts the capacity of the battery, adjusts the power and time of the electric equipment at night, ensures the working of the electric equipment in the rainy day, and can affect the performance of the circuit when encountering a large current charging.
  • the single-chip computer collects the current of the cathode output of the battery in real time, counts the capacity of the battery, adjusts the power and time of the electric equipment at night, ensures the working of the electric equipment in the rainy day, and can affect the performance of the circuit when encountering a large current charging.
  • the current sampling circuit includes a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a resistor R26, a R27, and a capacitor C7; a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a resistor R26, a R27, and a capacitor C7.
  • the two ends are connected to form a parallel detecting circuit, and one end of the parallel circuit is connected to the negative electrode BT- of the battery BT, and the other end of the parallel circuit is connected to the negative electrode SP- end of the solar panel SP, and the wire is taken out from the other end of the detecting parallel circuit to form a sample. End I_IN.
  • the current detecting circuit detects the output of the sampling terminal I_IN in real time, and the result is input to the single chip microcomputer;
  • the current detecting circuit includes an operational amplifier ICU7, a resistor R33, Resistor R34, resistor R35, resistor R36, resistor R37, resistor R38, resistor R39, capacitor C31, capacitor C32 and capacitor C34;
  • the sampling end I_IN is respectively connected to one end of the resistor R37, the resistor R38 and the resistor R39, the other end of the resistor R39 is connected to the negative pole BT- of the battery BT, the other end of the resistor R38 is connected to the working power source, and the other end of the resistor R37 is respectively connected with the resistor.
  • One end of R36 and one end of capacitor C32, the other end of resistor R36 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal +IN of the operational amplifier ICU7, and the other end of the capacitor C32 is grounded;
  • the inverting input terminal -IN of the operational amplifier ICU7 is grounded through a resistor R35, and a resistor R34 and a capacitor C34 are disposed between the inverting input terminal -IN and the output terminal OUT of the operational amplifier ICU7;
  • the output terminal OUT of the operational amplifier ICU7 is connected to one end of the resistor R33, the other end of the resistor R33 is grounded through the capacitor C33, and the common terminal connected by the resistor R33 and the capacitor C33 forms the output IOUT of the current detecting circuit and is connected to the single chip microcomputer;
  • the operational amplifier ICU7 positive power supply terminal VS is connected to 5V working voltage, and the operational amplifier ICU7 negative power supply terminal is VS-grounded.
  • the discharging circuit is controlled by a single chip microcomputer, and comprises a MOS tube Q3, a current limiting resistor and a power consumption device;
  • the anode BT of the battery BT is connected to the anode of the electric device, the cathode of the electric device is connected to the D pole of the MOS tube Q3, and the S pole of the MOS tube Q3 is grounded together with the cathode BT- of the battery BT;
  • the PWM signal output terminal generated by the single chip microcomputer is connected to the G pole of the MOS transistor Q3.
  • the discharge circuit further includes a resistor R7, a resistor R8, a capacitor C3 and a capacitor C6;
  • the resistor R7 is connected in series between the PWM signal output end generated by the single chip microcomputer and the G pole of the MOS transistor Q3;
  • the resistor R8 and the capacitor C3 are respectively connected between the G pole of the MOS transistor Q3 and the S pole of the MOS transistor Q3;
  • Both ends of the capacitor C6 are respectively connected to the S pole and the D pole of the MOS transistor Q3.
  • the operating voltage is generated by the output of the battery through a voltage stabilizing circuit, and the voltage stabilizing circuit includes a transistor Q2, a Zener diode ZD1, a resistor R24, and a capacitor C12;
  • the anode BT+ of the battery BT is connected to the collector of the transistor Q2, and the resistor R24 is set in the transistor Q2.
  • the Zener diode ZD1 is placed between the base of the transistor Q2 and the ground.
  • the positive terminal of the Zener diode ZD1 is grounded.
  • the capacitor C12 is placed between the emitter of the transistor and the ground.
  • the emitter output of the transistor is +5V. Operating Voltage.
  • the capacitor C13 is further included, and the capacitor C13 is connected in parallel at both ends of the Zener diode ZD1.
  • the capacitor C35, the capacitor C36 and the capacitor C37 are further included; the capacitor C35, the capacitor C36 and the capacitor C37 are connected in parallel between the collector of the transistor Q2 and the ground.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a solar power supply system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a discharge circuit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 3 is a current detecting circuit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 4 is a voltage stabilizing circuit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 is a charging and discharging detection and regulation circuit for a solar power supply system, and uses a solar energy system to supply power to a municipal facility.
  • the equipment of the municipal facility generally includes an LED street lamp, a camera of the Skynet system, and the like.
  • the solar power supply system includes a solar panel SP and a battery BT. During the sunny day, the solar panel SP charges the battery BT, and the charging is controlled by the single chip microcomputer, and generally controls charging to form an MPPT (maximum power) charging circuit, and in addition, is a single chip microcomputer. Controlled discharge circuit that supplies power to the electrical equipment. As shown in Fig.
  • the single-chip microcomputer detects the current I_IN flowing from the negative electrode BT- of the battery BT in real time, and integrates the current I_IN injected into the negative electrode BT- of the battery BT in real time to obtain the real-time capacity of the battery BT. In order to control the discharge circuit.
  • Battery BT discharge circuit for power supply equipment including the one that generates the required PWM signal, MOS transistor Q3, resistor R7, resistor R8, capacitor C3 and capacitor C6, MOS transistor Q3 generates PWM signal from the microcontroller Control, the output power of the discharge circuit is controlled by the duty cycle of the PWM signal.
  • the anode of the battery BT + the anode of the power input of the electric equipment, the cathode of the electric equipment is connected to the D pole of the MOS tube Q3, the S pole of the MOS tube Q3 is grounded together with the cathode of the battery; the PWM signal output terminal of the single chip is connected to the MOS tube G pole of Q3.
  • the single chip microcomputer controls the output power of the LED lamp by generating PWM signals with different duty ratios.
  • a current sampling circuit is connected in series. As shown in FIG. 1, the current sampling circuit samples the current I_IN flowing into the negative electrode BT- of the battery BT, and then the current detecting circuit. The sampled current I_IN is detected and input to the microcontroller.
  • the current detecting circuit detects the current input to the battery or the current output from the battery, and then integrates the time, so that the remaining capacity in the battery can be obtained very accurately, so that the power of the LED lamp can be divided.
  • the current sampling circuit is shown in FIG. 1 and includes a parallel circuit composed of a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a resistor R26 and a resistor R27 in parallel.
  • the parallel circuit is connected in series to the lead of the negative electrode BT- of the battery BT, and is further connected at both ends of the resistor R27.
  • a capacitor C7 is connected in parallel, and a wire is connected to a single machine in the parallel circuit.
  • the single chip can detect the battery charging or discharging current according to this signal, and accordingly, the remaining capacity of the battery can be obtained, which is used for realizing the control of the LED lamp.
  • the working power supply is used, which can be generated by the output of the battery through the voltage stabilization circuit. It is a 5V power supply, which is used in this embodiment, mainly for the purpose of collecting power or other chips.
  • the power supply is the power supply required by the microcontroller.
  • FIG. 3 the schematic diagram of the standard output voltage generated by the solar panel output through the voltage regulator circuit, from the resistor R21, capacitor C35, capacitor C36, capacitor C37, resistor R24, transistor Q2, Zener diode ZD1, capacitor C13 And capacitor C12.
  • One end of the resistor R21 is connected to the positive electrode BT+ of the battery BT, and the other end is connected to the collector of the transistor Q2.
  • the capacitor C35, the capacitor C36 and the capacitor C37 are connected in parallel, one end is connected to the collector of the transistor Q2, and the other end is connected to the negative electrode BT- of the battery BT.
  • R24 end The collector of the transistor Q2 is connected to the base of the transistor Q2, the positive terminal of the Zener diode ZD1 is connected to the negative pole of the battery, and the negative terminal is connected to the base of the transistor Q2.
  • Capacitor C13 is connected in parallel across ZD1. One end of the capacitor C12 is connected to the emitter of Q2, the two ends are connected to the battery negative pole BT- of the battery BT, and the emitter output of the triode Q2 is 5V to supply power to the MCU.
  • VCC and the positive electrode BT+ of the battery BT provide voltage for turning on and off the transistor Q2.
  • the function is: VCC is regulated by the battery, and the positive BT+ is connected to the solar panel.
  • the battery voltage lowering circuit Will be disconnected, can not provide VCC voltage, recharge can not control the transistor Q2 turn-on and short can not charge, now the circuit battery BT positive BT+ can be activated by the solar panel voltage control Q2.
  • the working voltage generally 5V.
  • the working voltage will be pulled low.
  • the voltage of +5V is used.
  • a single-chip microcomputer is used as a control center, and the charge and discharge current detecting circuit can also be a circuit as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the circuit is composed of a resistor R33, a capacitor C31, an operational amplifier ICU7, a resistor R36, a resistor R34, a resistor R35, and a capacitor C32. It is composed of resistor R37, resistor R38, resistor R39 and capacitor C33.
  • the sample is taken from the sampling point I_IN of the current detection, as shown in Fig. 1, from the resistance end of the discharge current sampling circuit in the figure.
  • the first leg of the operational amplifier ICU7 is the IN terminal, which is connected to the resistor R36, the resistor R37, the resistor R39, and the cathode BT- of the battery.
  • the signal from the sampling point I_IN of the current detection is introduced from the common terminal of the resistor R37 and the resistor R39.
  • the common terminal of R37 and resistor R39 is also connected to resistor R38, capacitor C33 and ground in turn.
  • the common terminal of resistor R38 and capacitor C33 is connected to the working power supply of the system.
  • the operating power supply after the voltage regulator circuit is regulated and regulated, regardless of Is the solar panel output after the regulated 5V, or the output of the battery through the 5V output of the voltage regulator circuit shown in Figure 4.
  • the common terminal of the resistor R36 and the resistor R37 is grounded through the capacitor C32.
  • the second leg of the operational amplifier ICU7 is grounded.
  • the fifth pin of the operational amplifier ICU7 is connected to the working power supply.
  • the resistor R34 and the capacitor C34 are connected in parallel between the third pin and the fourth pin of the operational amplifier ICU7; the third pin of the operational amplifier ICU7 is also grounded through the resistor R35, as shown in FIG.
  • the fourth pin of the operational amplifier ICU7 is the output pin OUT, at which the filter is filtered by the resistor R33 and the capacitor C31 to form a current output signal I_OUT connected to the MCU.
  • the MCU detects the charge and discharge current through a current detecting circuit.
  • the MCU detects the magnitude of the charging current and the charging time to determine the charging capacity.
  • the MCU controls the current to decrease the charging current or suspend charging.
  • the discharge current is detected.
  • the battery voltage drops, the current does not change, and the power becomes smaller.
  • the MCU analyzes the discharge power through the collected voltage and current, and adjusts the current through the PWM to achieve constant power discharge.
  • U7 is an operational amplifier IC, which mainly acts to amplify and detect the current of charging and discharging the battery.
  • One end of the solar panel connected to the battery is a charging circuit, and the battery supplies a discharge circuit to the LED.
  • the current detecting circuit detects the voltage of the known resistance sampling resistor, and then inputs the voltage of the sampling resistor into the voltage amplified by the operational amplifier, and the MCU collects the amplified voltage.
  • the corresponding voltage is the actual current, and the MCU can get the corresponding power according to the magnitude of the current and the time of charging and discharging.
  • the present invention further provides a solar power supply system, including the charge and discharge detection and regulation circuit of the solar power supply system of all the above embodiments, and has the same technical effects, and details are not described herein again.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

一种太阳能供电系统及其充放电检测与调节电路，该电路包括太阳能电池板（SP）、蓄电池（BT）、充电电路、放电电路；在蓄电池（BT）的负极（BT-）还设置有电流取样电路、还包括单片机、电流检测电路；所述的单片机根据电流检测电路输出的电流值，实现对充电电路、放电电路的控制。该单片机实时收集蓄电池（BT）阴极输出的电流，统计蓄电池（BT）的容量，调节夜晚用电设备的功率和时间，保证阴雨天用电设备工作，并在遇到大电流充电，可能会影响电路的性能时，控制减小充电电流或关断充电。

Description

一种太阳能供电系统及其充放电检测与调节电路
技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能供电系统及其充放电检测与调节电路。
背景技术
太阳能是目前取之不尽用之不竭的绿色能源，因此，目前城市公共照明系统都提倡使用太阳能，而灯具中，LED灯具是一种节能且寿命长的灯具，这种LED灯具由于亮度大，功耗相对小，且寿命长，也被用于路灯。另外，目前天网系统等24小时在室内外工作的系统也可以采用太阳能做供电系统。
目前，太阳能供电系统中一般包括太阳能电池板、蓄电池、太阳能电池向蓄电池充电的充电电路，蓄电池为用电装置供电的放电系统。在长期的充放电过程中需要知道电池的容量，这样才能规划分配放电功率，如何保证在阴雨天能够尽量长时间的供电，因此，需要知道电池的容量，这样才能更好地分配功率输出。
而目前，一般采用检测蓄电池的输出电压来获知蓄电池的容量，该方法所获得的蓄电池容量精确度不高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对太阳能供电系统的上述不足，提供一种太阳能供电系统及其充放电检测与调节电路，该太阳能供电系统采用统计输入到蓄电池内的能量的方式，精确地确定蓄电池内存有的能量，便于分配使用。
本发明的技术方案是：一种太阳能供电系统充放电检测与调节电路，包括太阳能电池板SP、蓄电池BT、太阳能电池板SP对蓄电池BT充电的充电电路、蓄电池对用电设备供电的放电电路；太阳能电池板SP的正极SP+与蓄电池BT的正极BT+相连，在蓄电池BT的负极BT-还设置有电流取样电路、还包括单片机、电流检测电路；所述的电流检测电路与电流取样电路相连，将实时检测的电流大小输入所述的单片机，所述的单片机通过实时充电电流和时间累计获得蓄电池实时的容量，调节放电功率，当检测到有大电流后，控制减少充电电流或关断充电。
所述单片机通过检测记录充电、放电电流值和时间累计，可计算获得蓄电池充电或放电的容量，调节充电放电功率。当检测到大电流后，控制减小充电电流或关断充电；当放电时，检测放电电流和时间预计蓄电池容量不足时需要延长亮灯时间，可减小放电电流。
本发明中，单片机实时收集蓄电池阴极输出的电流，统计蓄电池的容量，调节夜晚用电设备的功率和时间，保证阴雨天用电设备工作，并在遇到大电流充电可以能会影响电路的性能时，控制减少充电电流或关断充电。
进一步的，上述的太阳能供电系统充放电检测与调节电路中：所述的电流取样电路包括电阻R5、电阻R6、电阻R26、R27和电容C7；电阻R5、电阻R6、电阻R26、R27和电容C7的两端相连形成检测并联电路，检测并联电路的一端接蓄电池BT的负极BT-，检测并联电路的另一端接太阳能电池板SP的负极SP-端，从检测并联电路的另一端引出导线形成取样端I_IN。
进一步的，上述的太阳能供电系统充放电检测与调节电路中：所述的电流检测电路对取样端I_IN的输出实时检测，结果输入到单片机；所述的电流检测电路包括运算放大器ICU7、电阻R33、电阻R34、电阻R35、电阻R36、电阻R37、电阻R38、电阻R39、电容C31、电容C32和电容C34；
所述的取样端I_IN分别与电阻R37、电阻R38、电阻R39的一端相连，电阻R39的另一端接蓄电池BT的负极BT-，电阻R38的另一端接工作电源，电阻R37的另一端分别接电阻R36的一端和电容C32的一端，电阻R36的另一端接运算放大器ICU7的同相输入端+IN，电容C32的另一端接地；
运算放大器ICU7的反相输入端－IN通过电阻R35接地，在运算放大器ICU7的反相输入端－IN与输出端OUT之间设置有电阻R34和电容C34；
运算放大器ICU7的输出端OUT接电阻R33的一端，电阻R33的另一端通过电容C33接地，电阻R33和电容C33相连的公共端形成电流检测电路的输出IOUT端接单片机；
运算放大器ICU7正电源端VS接5V工作电压，运算放大器ICU7负电源端VS－接地。
进一步的，上述的太阳能供电系统充放电检测与调节电路中：所述的放电电路由单片机控制，包括MOS管Q3、限流电阻和用电设备；
蓄电池BT的正极BT+接用电设备的阳极，用电设备的阴极接MOS管Q3的D极，MOS管Q3的S极与蓄电池BT的负极BT－一起接地；
单片机产生的PWM信号输出端接MOS管Q3的G极。
进一步的，上述的太阳能供电系统充放电检测与调节电路中：所述的放电电路中还包括电阻R7、电阻R8、电容C3和电容C6；
所述的电阻R7串连在单片机产生的PWM信号输出端与MOS管Q3的G极之间；
电阻R8和电容C3分别连接在MOS管Q3的G极与MOS管Q3的S极之间；
电容C6的两端分别接在MOS管Q3的S极与D极。
进一步的，上述的太阳能供电系统中：所述的工作电压由蓄电池的输出通过稳压电路产生，所述的稳压电路包括三极管Q2、稳压二极管ZD1、电阻R24、电容C12；
蓄电池BT的阳极BT+接三极管Q2的集电极，电阻R24设置在三极管Q2 集电极与基极之间，稳压二极管ZD1设置在三极管Q2的基极与地之间，稳压二极管ZD1正极端接地，电容C12设置在三极管发射极与地之间，三极管发射极输出+5V工作电压。
进一步的，上述的太阳能供电系统充放电检测与调节电路中：还包括电容C13，所述的电容C13并联在稳压二极管ZD1的两端。
进一步的，上述的太阳能供电系统充放电检测与调节电路中：还包括电容C35、电容C36、电容C37；所述的电容C35、电容C36和电容C37并联在三极管Q2的集电极与地之间。
以下将结合附图和实施例，对本发明进行较为详细的说明。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1提供的太阳能供电系统原理图；
图2为本发明实施例1提供的放电电路原理图；
图3为本发明实施例1提供的电流检测电路；
图4为本发明实施例1提供的稳压电路。
具体实施方式
实施例1，本实施例是一种太阳能供电系统充放电检测与调节电路，采用太阳能系统对市政设施供电，市政设施的设备一般包括LED路灯、天网系统的摄像头等。太阳能供电系统包括太阳能电池板SP和蓄电池BT，在晴天白天时，太阳能电池板SP对蓄电池BT充电，充电是由单片机控制的，一般控制充电形成MPPT（最大功率）充电电路，另外，就是由单片机控制的对用电设备供电的放电电路。如图1所示，单片机通过实时检测由蓄电池BT的负极BT－流入的电流I_IN，在单片机将实时检测到注入到蓄电池BT的负极BT－的电流I_IN对时间进行积分可以获得蓄电池BT的实时容量，以便对放电电路进行控制。
充电电路和放电电路中都会由于蓄电池的容量的不同，可以采用不同的充电和放电电流，这些都由单片机进行现场检测，然后，由单片机实现对充、放电电路的电流大小进行控制。
蓄电池BT对用电设备供电的放电电路如图2所示：包括产生所需要的PWM信号的单片机、MOS管Q3、电阻R7、电阻R8、电容C3和电容C6，MOS管Q3由单片机产生PWM信号控制，由PWM信号的占空比控制放电电路的输出功率。
蓄电池BT的正极BT+用电设备的电源输入的阳极，用电设备的阴极接MOS管Q3的D极，MOS管Q3的S极与蓄电池的阴极一起接地；单片机产生的PWM信号输出端接MOS管Q3的G极。这里，单片机通过产生不同占空比的PWM信号控制LED灯具的输出功率。
本实施例中，在蓄电池BT的负极BT-中，串连一个电流取样电路，如图1所示，电流取样电路对流入到蓄电池BT的负极BT－的电流I_IN进行取样，然后由电流检测电路对取样到的电流I_IN进行检测，输入到单片机中。
在单片机中对电流检测电路检测输入蓄电池的电流或者从蓄电池输出的电流，然后通过对时间的积分，可以非常准确地获得蓄电池中剩余的容量，这样可以对LED灯具的功率进行分压。
电流采样电路如图1所示，包括由电阻R5、电阻R6、电阻R26和电阻R27并联组成的并联电路，并联电路串连到蓄电池BT的负极BT－的引线上，在电阻R27的两端还并联有电容C7，在并联电路引出一根导线接到单机上，单片机根据这个信号就可以检测到蓄电池充电或者放电电流了，据此可以得到蓄电池剩余的容量，用于实现对LED灯具的控制。
这里用到了工作电源，它可以由蓄电池的输出通过稳压电路稳压后生成，是个5V电源，在本实施例中用处比较多，主要是在用于做集电集电源或者其它芯片所需要的电源如单片机所需要的电源。
如图3所示，由太阳能电池板输出经过稳压电路将产生标准输出电压的原理图，由电阻R21、电容C35、电容C36、电容C37、电阻R24、三极管Q2、稳压二极管ZD1、电容C13、电容C12组成。电阻R21一端接蓄电池BT的正极BT+，另一端接三极管Q2的集电极，电容C35、电容C36、电容C37并联在一起，一端接三极管Q2的集电极，另一端接蓄电池BT的负极BT－。R24一端接 三极管Q2的集电极，另一端接三极管Q2的基极，稳压二极管ZD1的正极端接电池负极，负极端接三极管Q2的基极。电容C13并联在ZD1两端。电容C12一端接Q2的发射极，两一端接蓄电池BT的电池负极BT－，三极管Q2的发射极输出5V给MCU供电。
VCC和蓄电池BT的正极BT+是给三极管Q2导通关短提供电压的，作用是：VCC是由电池稳压给到，正极BT+是和太阳能板相连，在长时间放置电池时，电池电压降低电路会断开，不能提供VCC电压，再充电的时候就不能控制三极管Q2导通关短没法充电，现在电路蓄电池BT的正极BT+可以由太阳能板电压激活控制Q2。
工作电压无固定要求，一般是5V，在这里工作电压会被拉低，为不影响其他电路，选用+5V稳压的电压。
本实施例中，采用单片机做控制中心，充放电电流检测电路也可以如图3所示的电路，该电路由电阻R33、电容C31、运算放大器ICU7、电阻R36、电阻R34、电阻R35、电容C32 、电阻R37、电阻R38、电阻R39、电容C33组成。从电流检测的取样点I_IN处取样，该取样点如图1所示，从图中的放电电流采样电路的电阻一端。运算放大器ICU7的第1脚也就是IN端依次连接电阻R36、电阻R37、电阻R39、蓄电池的阴极BT－，从电阻R37和电阻R39的公共端引入电流检测的取样点I_IN的信号，另外，电阻R37和电阻R39的公共端还依次连接电阻R38、电容C33和地，在电阻R38和电容C33的公共端接入系统的工作电源，这里采用上面的稳压电路稳压后输出的工作电源，不论是太阳能电池板输出经过稳压后的5V，还是蓄电池的输出通过如图4所示的稳压电路输出的5V。电阻R36和电阻R37的公共端通过电容C32接地。
运算放大器ICU7的第2脚接地。运算放大器ICU7的第5脚接工作电源。
运算放大器ICU7的第3脚和第4脚之间并联了电阻R34和电容C34；运算放大器ICU7的第3脚还通过电阻R35接地，如图4所示。运算放大器ICU7的第4脚是输出引脚OUT，在该输出端通过由电阻R33和电容C31组成的滤波滤掉交流部分形成电流输出信号I_OUT接MCU。
MCU通过电流检测电路检测充放电电流大小。充电时，MCU检测充电电流的大小和充电时间判断充电容量，当充电电流过大时MCU控制电流减小充电电流或暂停充电。放电时，检测放电电流，放电过程中电池电压下降，电流不变，功率会变小，MCU通过采集的电压电流分析放电功率，通过PWM调节电流大小达到恒功率放电。这里U7是运算放大器IC,主要作用放大检测电池充放电的电流。太阳能板接蓄电池的一端是充电电路，电池给LED供电的是放电电路。
电流检测电路检测已知阻值采样电阻的电压，再将采样电阻的电压进过运算放大器放大的电压，MCU采集放大后的电压。对应的电压就是实际电流，MCU根据电流的大小和充放电的时间就可以得出对应电量。
此外，本发明还提供一种太阳能供电系统，包括上述所有实施例的太阳能供电系统充放电检测与调节电路，且具有相同的技术效果，此处不再赘述。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种太阳能供电系统充放电检测与调节电路，包括太阳能电池板SP、蓄电池BT、太阳能电池板SP对蓄电池BT充电的充电电路、蓄电池对用电设备供电的放电电路；其特征在于：还包括单片机、电流检测电路；太阳能电池板SP的正极SP+与蓄电池BT的正极BT+相连，在蓄电池BT的负极BT-设置有电流取样电路，所述的电流取样电路的输出端与电流检测电路的输入端相连，所述的电流检测电路的输出端与单片机相连，所述单片机根据所述的电流检测电路的输出信号实现对充电电路、放电电路的控制。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能供电系统充放电检测与调节电路，其特征在于：所述的单片机通过检测电路输出的蓄电池的充、放电电流值和时间累计，获得蓄电池实时容量，调节充电放电功率；当检测到充电电流超出设定值后，控制减小充电电流或关断充电；当放电时，根据蓄电池实时容量，调节放电功率。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能供电系统充放电检测与调节电路，其特征在于：所述的电流取样电路包括电阻R5、电阻R6、电阻R26、R27和电容C7；电阻R5、电阻R6、电阻R26、R27和电容C7的两端相连形成检测并联电路，检测并联电路的一端接蓄电池BT的负极BT-，检测并联电路的另一端接太阳能电池板SP的负极SP-端，从检测并联电路的另一端引出导线形成取样端I_IN。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的太阳能供电系统充放电检测与调节电路，其特征在于：所述的电流检测电路对取样端I_IN的输出实时检测，结果输入到单片机；所述的电流检测电路包括运算放大器ICU7、电阻R33、电阻R34、电阻R35、电阻R36、电阻R37、电阻R38、电阻R39、电容C31、电容C32和电容C34；
    所述的取样端I_IN分别与电阻R37、电阻R38、电阻R39的一端相连，电阻R39的另一端接蓄电池BT的负极BT-，电阻R38的另一端接工作电源，电阻R37的另一端分别接电阻R36的一端和电容C32的一端，电阻R36的另一端接运算放大器ICU7的同相输入端+IN，电容C32的另一端接地；
    运算放大器ICU7的反相输入端－IN通过电阻R35接地，在运算放大器ICU7的反相输入端－IN与输出端OUT之间设置有电阻R34和电容C34；
    运算放大器ICU7的输出端OUT接电阻R33的一端，电阻R33的另一端通过电容C33接地，电阻R33和电容C33相连的公共端形成电流检测电路的输出IOUT端接单片机；
    运算放大器ICU7正电源端VS接5V工作电压，运算放大器ICU7负电源端VS－接地。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的太阳能供电系统充放电检测与调节电路，其特征在于：所述的放电电路由单片机控制，包括MOS管Q3、限流电阻和用电设备；
    蓄电池BT的正极BT+接用电设备的阳极，用电设备的阴极接MOS管Q3的D极，MOS管Q3的S极与蓄电池BT的负极BT－一起接地；
    单片机产生的PWM信号输出端接MOS管Q3的G极。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的太阳能供电系统充放电检测与调节电路，其特征在于：所述的放电电路中还包括电阻R7、电阻R8、电容C3和电容C6；
    所述的电阻R7串连在单片机产生的PWM信号输出端与MOS管Q3的G极之间；
    电阻R8和电容C3分别连接在MOS管Q3的G极与MOS管Q3的S极之间；
    电容C6的两端分别接在MOS管Q3的S极与D极。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的太阳能供电系统充放电检测与调节电路，其特征在于：所述的工作电压由蓄电池的输出通过稳压电路产生，所述的稳压电路包括三极管Q2、稳压二极管ZD1、电阻R24、电容C12；
    蓄电池BT的阳极BT+接三极管Q2的集电极，电阻R24设置在三极管Q2 集电极与基极之间，稳压二极管ZD1设置在三极管Q2的基极与地之间，稳压二极管ZD1正极端接地，电容C12设置在三极管发射极与地之间，三极管发射极输出+5V工作电压。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的太阳能供电系统充放电检测与调节电路，其特征在于：还包括电容C13，所述的电容C13并联在稳压二极管ZD1的两端。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的太阳能供电系统充放电检测与调节电路，其特征在于：还包括电容C35、电容C36、电容C37；所述的电容C35、电容C36和电容C37并联在三极管Q2的集电极与地之间。
  10. 一种太阳能供电系统，其特征在于：包括如权利要求1至9任一项所述的太阳能供电系统充放电检测与调节电路。
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