WO2018215085A1 - Procédé de réduction de champs de dispersion lors d'une transmission d'énergie par induction - Google Patents

Procédé de réduction de champs de dispersion lors d'une transmission d'énergie par induction Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018215085A1
WO2018215085A1 PCT/EP2018/000233 EP2018000233W WO2018215085A1 WO 2018215085 A1 WO2018215085 A1 WO 2018215085A1 EP 2018000233 W EP2018000233 W EP 2018000233W WO 2018215085 A1 WO2018215085 A1 WO 2018215085A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
metamaterial
coil
magnetic field
layer
antenna elements
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/000233
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Mauricio Esguerra
Original Assignee
Magment Ug (Haftungsbeschränkt)
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Magment Ug (Haftungsbeschränkt) filed Critical Magment Ug (Haftungsbeschränkt)
Publication of WO2018215085A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018215085A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/122—Circuits or methods for driving the primary coil, e.g. supplying electric power to the coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/36—Electric or magnetic shields or screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/36—Electric or magnetic shields or screens
    • H01F27/363—Electric or magnetic shields or screens made of electrically conductive material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for reducing stray fields in the inductive energy transmission, in which a by a transformer coil containing
  • Transmitter arrangement having a substantially constant operating frequency having alternating magnetic field in magnetic interaction with a brought into a receiving position, preferably a receiver coil containing
  • Receiver arrangement occurs, wherein the Mattertrageran extract in its the receiving position of the receiver assembly remote area has a stray field shielding layer of metamaterial.
  • the invention further relates to a transformer arrangement and a receiver arrangement for carrying out such a method, the use of the metamaterials in such a method or in Studentstrageran Aunt or the receiver assembly, and the use of the metamaterials in the inductive
  • a method of the type mentioned is known from US 2013/0088090.
  • a system which basically consists of three main components, namely a
  • the described transformer arrangement comprises a ferrimagnetic
  • the metamaterial can be designed inter alia as a so-called split-ring resonator, for example as a ring coil structure on a printed circuit board.
  • split-ring resonator for example as a ring coil structure on a printed circuit board.
  • the resonance of the inductance of the ring with its own parasitic capacitance may be sufficient to achieve the desired resonant frequency.
  • low field frequencies it may be necessary to bring the material into the resonant structure required for the action as a metamaterial by adding an external capacitor with an inductive coil.
  • the described systems are intended for use in static or dynamic charging of electrically powered vehicles.
  • Eddy currents at high frequencies may also have effective diamagnetic behavior.
  • the eddy currents inevitably lead to a disadvantageous for the efficiency reduction of the coil quality.
  • the mentioned in the said application also as a possible shielding
  • Metamaterial requires, especially when it comes to the shielding of larger areas, the use of a variety of in their inductance and capacitance exactly to the frequency of the alternating magnetic field matched individual elements. It is difficult and associated with the production of correspondingly great effort to comply with these parameters with the required accuracy for each of the individual elements of such a variety.
  • the metamaterial as proposed in the cited application, is designed as a so-called split-ring resonator, for example as a printed circuit board with a conductive coil with a gap and a capacitor connected to the coil ends.
  • split-ring resonator for example as a printed circuit board with a conductive coil with a gap and a capacitor connected to the coil ends.
  • Such arrangements also have a non-negligible thickness, which is disadvantageous in some applications where space is limited.
  • the object of the invention was based on this prior art, a
  • the layer of metamaterial is formed by a plurality of identically constructed coil antenna elements, which are applied in a planar, regular arrangement on a polymer film and each forming a coil
  • RFID radio-frequency identification, by means of electromagnetic waves
  • transponder often referred to as radio tag
  • passive coil antenna elements are designed.
  • Coil antenna elements for their function not on their own energy sources such.
  • Coil antenna elements usually a thin, advantageously flexible carrier film
  • planar, regular arrangement of the coil antenna elements on a polymer film is ultimately an array of resonators whose resonant frequency is tuned by tuning the available inductance and capacitance, i. essentially on the design of the tracks and dimensioning of the capacitors, in certain desired
  • Frequency range which is usually well below the operating frequency of the alternating magnetic field and typically also above the resonant frequency of the individual Coil antenna elements is, therefore, the respective present collective of the coil antenna elements can act as a metamaterial, which is able to effectively shield the stray fields.
  • the frequency ranges suitable for this purpose can be estimated, for example, with the aid of the curves which determine the frequency dependence of the permeability for the respective metamaterial Ueff ''). Such curves can, for example, by
  • J.B. Pendry was developed for metamaterial structures and, for example, in J.B. Pendry et al., IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICRO WAVE THEORY AND
  • inductance and capacitance are tuned so that metamaterial in the frequency at which the intersection of the curve of Ueff 'and Ueff "is approximately equal to the operating frequency of the alternating magnetic field.However, it is not necessary that these frequencies exactly In most cases, a tolerance range of + 20%, advantageously + 10%, is sufficient to ensure a low permeability of the metamaterial for the present magnetic field and thus also an effective
  • the method according to the invention can be used over a wide frequency spectrum and is used particularly favorably in areas where magnetic fields with standardized operating frequencies are provided.
  • Examples of such applications are the inductive energy transfer in the field of electromobility, where operating frequencies of the magnetic fields have proven between 10 kHz to 100 kHz, which was determined by convention as the standard operating frequency 85 kHz.
  • operating frequencies of the magnetic fields have proven between 10 kHz to 100 kHz, which was determined by convention as the standard operating frequency 85 kHz.
  • essentially constant operating frequencies those which are mostly selected from the range of 10 kHz to 50 MHz are used. It is not excluded to lower the lower limit to about 50 Hz. In general, it has proved to be advantageous if the operating frequency of the alternating magnetic field is subjected to the smallest possible fluctuations.
  • the respectively intended operating frequency should expediently be maintained with an accuracy of at least + 5%, preferably at least + 2%, particularly preferably + 1%.
  • the advantages of the invention are usually particularly noticeable when high amounts of energy are transferred, so that energy losses caused by stray fields and / or risks with regard to electromagnetic environmental compatibility are not negligible. This applies to a large extent, for example, for the inductive energy transfer in the field of electromobility.
  • modified RFID coil antenna elements is that you can rely on the available and proven in RFID technology for their production process. These production methods are known to the person skilled in the art; as an example, reference is made to the methods described in US 2006/0043199 A1.
  • the respectively selected coil patterns are applied in a manner known per se in the form of printed conductors to a polymer carrier film, to be precise by means of printing or etching processes. This can be done for example with particular advantage by printing processes using conductive inks, such as stamp printing or inkjet printing, but also by etching, for example dry etching of metallized carrier films, or by electrodeposition, sputtering or photolithographic processes.
  • materials which ensure the electrical conductivity of the conductor tracks, are preferably metals, in particular aluminum or copper, but also silver, gold or nickel, optionally also in the form of alloys in question.
  • metals in particular aluminum or copper, but also silver, gold or nickel, optionally also in the form of alloys in question.
  • copper or silver have proven useful, for example for conductive inks, while etching is often used in aluminum.
  • aluminum is often preferred.
  • this information is not intended to be limiting; In some cases, it may also be expedient, for example, to use conductive tracks based on conductive polymers.
  • the conductor tracks are advantageously applied to the carrier foil in such a way that they are located on the periphery of the coil antenna elements in their respectively provided surface form, while the central region of the elements is kept free of conductor tracks. This not only has the advantage of saving material but has also been found to be beneficial for reducing and shielding stray fields. Basically, however, too
  • Embodiments are not excluded in which the traces utilize the entire available surface area of the coil antenna elements. It has continued to prove itself in the
  • the surface shape of the coil antenna elements is suitably chosen so that a
  • the number of individual elements should be at least 4, so that the shielding effect of the metamaterials comes into play. However, it may in many cases be significantly higher, for example, when shielding surfaces that are significantly larger than the area of a single coil antenna element by the layer of metamaterial. In general, one will also select the surface shape and area extent of the coil antenna elements to the effect that they on the one hand, the conductor tracks in the required length and the
  • Capacitor can record, and on the other hand allow the fullest possible use of the film width.
  • the distance of the individual elements from each other can be kept low and can often be reduced to up to 1.5 mm.
  • the film thickness of the carrier film is suitably in the range of 10 to 300 ⁇ , advantageously 20 to 250 ⁇ , in particular 25 to 125 ⁇ .
  • a film material usually used in RFID technology polymers are used, such as those based on polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimide or preferably polyethylene terephthalate.
  • a metallized polymer film for example an aluminum-coated polyethylene terephthalate film.
  • the inductance of the coil formed can be adjusted. It usually depends on the given
  • the number of turns is suitably between 2 and 20, favorably chosen between 2 and 12. Often, for reasons of space, the
  • capacitors are selected to, if they are integrated to form the coil antenna elements in the interconnects to keep the supernatant on the film surface and thus their unevenness as low as possible.
  • ceramic capacitors in particular ceramic multilayer capacitors (MLLC) or polymer capacitors, have proven to be useful, since they are available on the one hand in a small size and, on the other hand, also have a high degree of robustness against high current intensities which sometimes occur.
  • the capacitors are usually integrated in such a way that their supply lines with the endpoints of the in
  • Coil form applied conductor tracks are connected.
  • the respective required capacity can be estimated, for example, with the help of simulation calculations and, if necessary, optimized in connection with preliminary tests.
  • capacitance range can be used within which, in conjunction with the present inductance, a behavior of the resonators results, which causes an effective permeability of Ueff ' ⁇ 1 at the operating frequency of the alternating magnetic field.
  • the specified capacitances are subject to the lowest possible fluctuations in the selected capacitors and are kept within close tolerances as accurately as possible.
  • fluctuations of about ⁇ _5% are still acceptable; however, it is advantageous if the fluctuations amount to only ⁇ 2%, in particular only + 1%.
  • the shielding effect of the metamaterial is reduced when the capacitances of the individual capacitors within the plurality are + 10% or more apart.
  • the protective films can be glued or laminated, for example. Although for them basically the same polymer material as for the Carrier film can be used, this is not mandatory.
  • protective films not only those based on polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimide or
  • Polyethylene terephthalate are used, but also those based on, for example, organosilicon polymers. It is also possible to apply one or more protective lacquer layers instead of or in addition to protective films. This can be useful, for example, if the film surface is also to be rendered hydrophobic or color-coded.
  • the method according to the invention can also be used under conditions in which the material can be exposed to high mechanical, thermal or climatic stresses, as for example in some applications in the field of electromobility.
  • Transformer arrangement can be used on a receiver assembly.
  • metamaterial e.g. in IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICRO W AVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, VOL. 64, NO.5, MAY 2016, p. 1644-1654.
  • the article refers in particular to the fact that the high space requirement of the previously known metamaterial cells precludes their widespread use, and presents as a solution to the problem a comparatively compact arrangement in which metamaterial with
  • Thickness dimensions in the centimeter range in the manner of a magnetic lens in the space between the transformer and receiver coil is introduced, thus causing an improvement in the inductive energy transfer.
  • a further object of the invention was therefore to specify a metamaterial which, with a small space requirement, focusses the magnetic field provided by the transformer arrangement
  • a receiver facing the array has a magnetic alternating field focusing layer of metamaterial, which is formed by a plurality of identically constructed coil antenna elements, which are applied in a flat, regular arrangement on a polymer film and each comprise a coil-forming conductor tracks with integrated capacitor whose inductance and capacitance are matched to one another such that the layer has the magnetic field focusing effect at the operating frequency of the alternating magnetic field. This effect can be achieved if the operating frequency of the alternating magnetic field for the layer
  • Metamaterial results in an effective permeability of Ueff ' ⁇ 0.
  • Magnetic metamaterial may be constructed analogous to the metamaterial described above for use in shielding the stray fields.
  • Coil antenna elements advantageously determined by simulation calculations and optimized on the basis of preliminary tests.
  • the invention further includes a transducer assembly suitable for use in the method of the invention.
  • transformer arrangements essentially have a transformer coil, which consists of a molded body of a magnetizable material is surrounded, wherein the transmitter coil is embedded in the receiving position of the Empfangeran für open recesses of the shaped body and the molded body is provided in its receiving position of the receiver assembly remote area at least partially with at least one shielding layer of the metamaterial.
  • the transmitter arrangement can be provided with a magnetic material-focusing layer of the metamaterial in the region facing the receiver position of the receiver arrangement.
  • the flat, periodic arrangement of a multiplicity of identically constructed coil antenna elements described therein is used as the metamaterial, which are respectively constructed of conductor tracks applied to a polymer film, forming a coil, and a capacitor integrated therein , whose inductance and capacity are coordinated so that in the
  • Operating frequency of the alternating magnetic field for the layer of metamaterial results in a stray field shielding effect (ie an effective permeability of Ucfr ' ⁇ 1, preferably between 1 and 0, in particular between 0.2 and 0), and for the according to said embodiment optionally present layer from metamaterial a magnetic field focusing effect (ie an effective permeability of Ueff ' ⁇ 0, preferably between -0.5 and -1, in particular between -0.8 and -1).
  • Magnetisable concrete is preferably used as the magnetizable material for the shaped body. This usually contains particles of one or more soft magnetic materials, which are preferably selected from the group of soft ferrites, the nanocrystalline metals, the amorphous metals and the metallic powder.
  • the particles are usually incorporated into a matrix of a binder which can be used for concretes, for which advantageously solidified hydraulic cement, white cement, Portland cement or bitumen is selected.
  • a binder which can be used for concretes, for which advantageously solidified hydraulic cement, white cement, Portland cement or bitumen is selected.
  • the proportion by weight of each selected soft magnetic material is favorably at least 80 weight percent, preferably 85 to 95
  • Grain size distributions are selected to a dense packing of the
  • a soft magnetic material for example a soft magnetic ferrite
  • Grain diameter from 2 to 10 mm with a particle size distribution between 0.5 and 20 mm and a second fraction with a mean grain diameter of 0.1 to 0.5 mm are combined with a particle size distribution of 0.01 to 5 mm.
  • fractions are presented in approximately equal proportions by weight, with deviations of up to about 20 weight percent up or down can be accepted.
  • Such combinations of different fractions of soft magnetic ferrites are
  • Manufacture of magnetizable products are inter alia embedded in a matrix of hydraulic cement, which is shaped and finally solidified.
  • the shaped body has its surface
  • the recesses can, for example, in the
  • Receptor arrangement remote area at least partially, but preferably is completely provided with a shielding layer of the invention to be used metamaterial.
  • a shielding layer of the invention to be used metamaterial For example, in the case of a rectangular shaped body, a particularly effective reduction of the stray fields is achieved if all side surfaces and the base surface are covered with the metamaterial and only the surface facing the receiving position remains free of shielding metamaterial.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the transformer arrangement according to the invention can be provided which are difficult or impossible to implement with conventional metamaterials and, moreover, are often associated with high costs.
  • the transformer arrangement is provided with a second shielding layer of the metamaterial, in which conductor tracks and capacitors of the coil antenna elements are matched in their inductance and capacitance to each other so that at a further, second operating frequency of the alternating magnetic field for this second layer from metamaterial gives an effective permeability Ueff ' ⁇ 1.
  • Transformer arrangement not excluded which are provided with further layers of the invention to be used metamaterials, which are adapted in their resonance behavior, for example, to other possible operating frequencies of the alternating magnetic field.
  • Such developments are particularly advantageous when the transformer assemblies are permanently installed, for example, by being integrated into a roadway structure, and can be dispensed with costly and costly expansion and installation measures when changing the operating frequency.
  • the transmitter arrangement is provided with a magnetic material-focusing layer of metamaterial in the area in the reception position of the receiver arrangement.
  • the coil antenna elements are each made of a polymer film
  • a coil-forming conductor tracks and a capacitor integrated therein whose inductance and capacitance are coordinated so that at the operating frequency of the alternating magnetic field for the focusing layer
  • a transformer assembly is integrated into the road and a minimum distance to the in-vehicle
  • Said second advantageous embodiment can also be modified such that a second focusing layer of metamaterial is provided, in which the conductor tracks and capacitors of the coil antenna elements are cut to a second possible operating frequency of the alternating magnetic field.
  • transmitter arrangements installed in the vicinity of magnetic field sensitive devices may be required to further enhance the shielding effect by providing one or more metallic shielding layers, if any. This is especially true when the
  • the receiver arrangements customary for the respective purpose are suitable.
  • a receiver coil is provided in these for interaction with the magnetic alternating field provided by the transformer arrangement, by means of which, for example, an inductively transmitted charging current for a battery or an accumulator can be generated.
  • an inductively transmitted charging current for a battery or an accumulator can be generated.
  • such a receiver coil is not mandatory for all applications; for inductive heating or inductive heating, for example, flat metal parts may be provided for receiving the inductively transmitted power.
  • the receiver arrangement may comprise a molded body of magnetizable material, in particular magnetizable concrete, which is provided with recesses open towards the receiving position, in which the receiver coil is embedded.
  • the receiver arrangement has a stray field shielding layer of metamaterial in its region remote from the receiving position.
  • the layer is, as already described above in the method according to the invention and also suitable for carrying it out
  • Transformer arrangement for the metamaterial used formed by a plurality of identically constructed coil antenna elements, which are applied in a flat, regular arrangement on a polymer film and each forming a coil
  • coil elements which are applied in a planar, regular arrangement on a polymer film and each comprise a coil-forming conductor tracks with integrated capacitor, as a metamaterial in the inductive energy transfer by means of magnetic alternating fields having a substantially constant operating frequency.
  • Transformer arrangement and / or receiver arrangement can be used with particular advantage for inductive energy transfer for the purpose of static, stationary or dynamic charging of batteries in electric and / or hybrid vehicles, or for the direct drive such vehicles, or for the purpose of inductive heat generation.
  • FIG. 1 a schematically shows a method for inductive energy transmission in which a transformer arrangement is used which does not use metamaterial.
  • FIG. 1b schematically shows the otherwise identical method, in which, however, in the case of FIG
  • Figure 2 shows schematically the structure of a single one of the coil antenna elements, which arranged in plurality form the metamaterial used in the invention.
  • a transformer assembly 1 is shown, which may be integrated, for example, in a roadway structure 2 and which has a molded body 3 made of magnetizable material, such as a magnetizable concrete.
  • the molded body is provided with recesses 4, in which a transformer coil 5 is embedded with their turns. If these are flowed through by current, an alternating magnetic field 6 is formed whose course is schematically indicated by field lines.
  • a receiver arrangement 7, which has, for example, a receiver coil 8 and can be provided in an electrically operated vehicle not shown here, is brought into a receiving position in the region of the alternating field, the alternating field 6 enters into magnetic interaction with the receiver arrangement 7, for example by excitation the receiver coil 8, thereby causing the inductive transmission of energy.
  • the efficiency of the energy transfer is affected by the fact that facing away from the receiving position Surfaces of the molding, ie its side surfaces 9 and possibly also the base 10, stray fields 11 occur.
  • FIG. 1b shows how, with an otherwise identical structure in the manner according to the invention, the side surfaces 9 and the base surface 10 of the molded body 3 are provided with shielding metamaterial 12, for example by gluing.
  • the thickness of the used metamaterial 12 is greatly increased for the sake of clarity; in practice, the metamaterial used according to the invention leads only to minimally increased space requirements because of its small thickness. If the metamaterial 12 has an effective permeability of Ueff ' ⁇ 1 at the operating frequency of the alternating magnetic field 6, then it has
  • Receiver arrangement 7 and the interaction with the receiver coil 8 are available.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows the construction of one of the coil antenna elements which can be used as a meta material according to the invention as a multiplicity in a planar, periodic arrangement.
  • the coil antenna element 14 shown here as, for example, rectangular individual element comprises a thin polymer film 15, running parallel in its outer region in the form of a rectangle with rounded corners
  • Printed conductors 16 applied, for example, are printed.
  • Aluminum or copper tracks can be designed are connected to each other at its two end points 17 via a preferably low-volume capacitor 18.
  • This arrangement corresponds to a resonator which can be designed in terms of its properties such that an effective permeability, which is smaller than 1 or even has a negative sign, results in a certain frequency range.
  • This has the advantage that the desired resonance behavior of the coil antenna elements and thus of the metamaterial can be tailored precisely to the operating frequency of the alternating magnetic field.
  • the following embodiment serves to illustrate the invention and is not to be construed as a limitation.
  • Mass% soft magnetic ferrite with a grain size with average grain diameter of about 5 mm about 40 mass% soft magnetic ferrite with a grain size with average grain diameter of about 0.25 mm (determination of the mean grain diameter in each case by sieve analysis), about 5 mass - Portland cement, about 0.5 mass% of liquefier and about 4.5% by mass of water by pouring into a mold and then curing a cuboid shaped body with 75 cm in length, 55 cm wide and 2.5 cm in height
  • the molding was provided on its upper outer surface with recesses into which a transformer coil was inserted. This was connected via leads to an inverter, via which the current for the provision of the alternating magnetic field was fed.
  • the operating frequency of the alternating field was set to a value of 85 kHz. This value is currently envisaged in the field of electromobility as a standard based on SAE standard J 2954.
  • a receiver coil having the identical dimensions as the transmitter coil has now been placed in the receiving position as a receiver arrangement, i. It was positioned as close as possible to the transmitter coil at a distance of 30 cm. Using a standard vector network analyzer, it was then measured at the receiver coil what percentage of the power provided by the transmitter coil was inductively transmitted to the receiver array. This percentage was about 88%.
  • the metamaterial to be used according to the invention was glued to the base surface as well as all side surfaces of the shaped body so that only the surface provided with the recesses remained free.
  • 50 successively arranged rows of 10 each were arranged side by side on a 200 .mu.m thick polyethylene terephthalate film by etching according to a method customary for the production of passive RFID labels
  • Coil antenna elements have been generated.
  • the individual elements each consisted of a quadrangular section of the film, on its periphery parallel to its Outside edges four parallel aluminum conductors (width about 1mm, spacing about 1.5 mm) were formed with rounded corners.
  • the tracks ended in two round endpoints, which were connected by a flat capacitor. From the operating frequency of the alternating magnetic field of 85 kHz was determined by resonant circuit calculation, that a suitable effective permeability Ueff ' ⁇ 1 can be achieved with a resonator whose inductance about 5 ⁇ and whose rated capacity is about 10 ⁇ ⁇ . As for the provision of this capacity suitable capacitors conventional flat ceramic capacitors corresponding specification could be used. In order to provide the appropriate adjusted inductance, the tracks were designed so that each individual element gave a total length of 1.2 m.
  • the transformer coil was inserted into the recesses of the molding and connected to the inverter.
  • the receiver coil with the identical dimensions as the transmitter coil was brought into the receiving position as a receiver arrangement, i. It was positioned as close as possible to the transmitter coil at a distance of 30 cm.
  • alternating magnetic field was operated as in the comparison arrangement with an operating frequency of 85 kHz.
  • Polymer film applied, a coil-forming conductor tracks and a capacitor integrated therein are constructed as a metamaterial thus allows for a small space requirement and low production costs a significant improvement in the efficiency of the inductive energy transfer.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de transmission d'énergie par induction, selon lequel un champ magnétique alternatif (6), fourni par un dispositif de transmission (1), entre en interaction magnétique avec un dispositif récepteur (7). Pour réduire les champs de dispersion, le dispositif de transmission (1) est pourvu, dans sa zone opposée à la position de réception du dispositif récepteur, au moins partiellement, d'une couche (12) à blindage contre les champs de dispersion en métamatériau. Ladite couche est formée d'une pluralité d'éléments d'antenne bobinée (14) de conception identique, lesquels sont appliqués suivant un agencement plan et régulier sur une feuille polymère et lesquels comprennent respectivement des pistes conductrices (16) formant une bobine dotées d'un condensateur (18) intégré. Au moyen du réglage de l'inductance et de la capacité, la perméabilité de la couche (12) peut être ajustée de telle sorte que l'effet de blindage et une réduction efficace des pertes de transmission résultant de champs de dispersion sont obtenus à la fréquence de fonctionnement du champ magnétique alternatif. Les éléments d'antenne bobinée peuvent être conçus de manière favorable sous la forme d'éléments RFID modifiés.
PCT/EP2018/000233 2017-05-02 2018-05-02 Procédé de réduction de champs de dispersion lors d'une transmission d'énergie par induction WO2018215085A1 (fr)

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CN114312380A (zh) * 2020-09-30 2022-04-12 马勒国际有限公司 用于感应组件的车道盖板

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CN114312380A (zh) * 2020-09-30 2022-04-12 马勒国际有限公司 用于感应组件的车道盖板

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