WO2018215007A1

WO2018215007A1 - Dynamoelectric drive device, method for driving an output shaft using a dynamoelectric drive device, and two-wheeled vehicle comprising a dynamoelectric drive device

Info

Publication number: WO2018215007A1
Application number: PCT/DE2018/100208
Authority: WO
Inventors: Christian Hartmann; Oliver Dippold; Ralf Wagner
Original assignee: Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG
Priority date: 2017-05-24
Filing date: 2018-03-08
Publication date: 2018-11-29
Also published as: DE102017111391A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a drive device (10) for a two-wheeled vehicle, said device comprising a crankshaft (16) which can be rotated about a crankshaft longitudinal axis (22), an electromotive coupling (24) which is mounted on the crankshaft (16) and has at least one rotor (26) and a stator (28), the rotor (26) being mounted for conjoint rotation on the crankshaft (16), and the stator (28) being arranged at a distance from the outer peripheral surface of the rotor (26) such that an air gap (32) is formed between the stator (28) and the rotor (26), and the stator (28) can be rotated by the rotor (26), the stator (28) being coupled to an output shaft (40) such that the rotational movement transmitted from the rotor (26) to the stator (28) can be transmitted to the output shaft (40).

Description

DYNAMOELECTRIC DRIVE DEVICE, METHOD FOR DRIVING A DEPTH SHAFT WITH A DYNAMOELECTRIC DRIVE DEVICE AND TWO WHEEL WITH A DYNAMOELECTRIC DRIVE DEVICE

The invention relates to a drive device for a bicycle with an electric motor coupling.

In addition, the invention relates to a method for driving an output shaft with the drive device according to the invention.

Furthermore, the invention comprises a bicycle with the drive device according to the invention.

Two-wheelers, in particular motorized scooters, generally have a drive device in the form of an internal combustion engine, with a piston arranged in the combustion chamber being displaced translationally by burning a fuel-air mixture in a combustion chamber. The piston is usually connected via a connecting rod with a crankshaft of the drive device, so that it is offset by the displacement of the piston in a rotational movement about the crankshaft longitudinal axis. The crankshaft has a generator at a first end, via which power can be generated by the rotational movement of the crankshaft. On a second end a mechanical friction clutch is arranged, which is connected to a transmission input shaft to transmit the rotational movement of the crankshaft via the clutch to the transmission input shaft.

There is a regular need to further develop the drive means of a two-wheeler to reduce the space of a drive device.

It is the object of the invention to provide a drive device for a bicycle, which has a reduced installation space.

The object is achieved by a drive device with the features of claim 1, by a method according to the features of Claim 8 and by a bicycle according to the features of claim 9. Preferred embodiments of the invention are set forth in the subclaims and the following description, each of which individually or in combination may constitute an aspect of the invention.

According to the invention, a drive device for a two-wheeler is provided, comprising a crankshaft rotatable about a crankshaft longitudinal axis, an electromotive clutch arranged on the crankshaft, having at least one rotor and a stator, wherein the rotor is arranged rotationally fixed on the crankshaft, and the stator is spaced from the outer Circumferential surface of the rotor is arranged so that between the stator and the rotor, an air gap is formed, and the stator is displaceable via the rotor in a rotational movement, wherein the stator is coupled to an output shaft, so that the transmitted from the rotor to the stator Rotary movement is transferable to the output shaft.

The drive device thus has a crankshaft rotatable about a crankshaft longitudinal axis. The crankshaft is preferably connected to a piston via a connecting rod, wherein the crankshaft is rotatable about the longitudinal axis of the crankshaft by a translational displacement of the piston, which as a rule takes place by combustion of a fuel-air mixture in a combustion chamber having the piston. In principle, the drive device may have a plurality of pistons connected to the crankshaft via a connecting rod in each case. On the crankshaft, an electromotive clutch is arranged, wherein the electromotive clutch has a rotor and a stator. The rotor is rotatably connected to the crankshaft, so that a rotational movement of the crankshaft is transmitted directly to the rotor via the rotationally fixed connection. The rotor preferably forms the flywheel in order to reduce drive-related irregularities, for example, from the combustion cycle of the drive device or of the engine. The stator is arranged at a distance from the outer peripheral surface of the rotor, so that an air gap is formed between the stator and the rotor. A magnetic field can be generated via the electromotive coupling, that is to say via the electromotive configuration of stator and rotor, so that a rotational movement of the rotor can be transmitted to the stator via the magnetic field due to a rotation of the crankshaft. The rotational speed of rotor and stator can but also at least temporarily different from each other. The stator is coupled to an output shaft so that the rotational movement transmitted to the stator via the rotor can be transmitted directly and / or translated to the output shaft. The electromotive clutch can thus take over the task of a torque converter. The output shaft may preferably be a transmission input shaft. The electromotive clutch thus combines at least two capabilities, namely the generation of a magnetic alternating field and thus the generation of energy, which usually takes over a generator, and also over the rotor and the stator exercisable coupling function, in the state of the art via a friction clutch. The electromotive clutch can thus replace the generator and the friction clutch, whereby the space can be reduced. Moreover, the friction clutch-free design of the drive device can reduce abrasion-related contamination of the friction clutch in a lubricant surrounding the clutch, thereby extending maintenance intervals of the drive device and thus maintenance costs can be reduced.

An advantageous development of the invention is that the electromotive coupling is electrically conductively connected to an energy storage device for driving and / or accelerating the stator, and / or is electrically conductively connected to an energy sink for slowing down the stator, wherein the energy store and the Energy sink preferably as a component, particularly preferably as an accumulator, is formed. By supplying electrical energy to the electromotive clutch from the energy store and / or removing electrical energy from the electromotive clutch to the energy sink, the amount and / or the sign of a rotational speed difference between the rotational speed of the crankshaft and the rotational speed of the output shaft can be selectively changed. With a supply of electrical energy, the output shaft can be accelerated in addition to the speed introduced by crankshaft, whereby the rotational speed of the stator can exceed that of the arranged on the crankshaft rotor. With a discharge of electrical energy, the output shaft can be braked compared to the speed introduced by the crankshaft, whereby the stator and thus the output shaft rotates slower than the crankshaft. An advantageous development of the invention is that the stator has permanent magnets and the rotor windings or the stator windings and the rotor permanent magnets, wherein the windings are connected via a non-contact or touch-contacting electrical contact with electrical lines for introducing and / or discharging electrical energy. A touch-contacting electrical contacting may preferably be formed as a sliding contact connection. The electric cables are thus preferably connected to the energy store and / or to the energy sink, particularly preferably to the accumulator. Depending on the design and / or purpose, the permanent magnets and windings can be reversed. In principle, it is possible to provide current-flowable, preferably individually and independently controllable, windings for both the stator and the rotor in order to provide particularly many control possibilities for the electromotive coupling. By a rotation of the crankshaft, preferably, the rotor having the windings and connected to the crankshaft rotatably connected is set in a rotational movement. If the output shaft, and thus also the stator preferably having the permanent magnet, rests, the magnetic field formed between the rotor and the stator is moved by the rotation of the rotor relative to the stator and mechanical energy is thus converted into electrical energy which can be supplied to the accumulator via the electric lines. As soon as the output shaft is released for a rotational movement, the stator is set in rotation via the magnetic field. This preferably takes place until the rotational speed of the rotor corresponds to the rotational speed of the stator.

It is advantageously provided that the stator can be driven by the rotor and / or the energy supply. The stator can thus be driven on the one hand exclusively via the rotation of the crankshaft and the magnetic field generated thereby between the rotor and stator. In addition to this, previously stored electrical energy can be supplied from the energy store, so that the magnetic field moved via the rotation of the crankshaft between the rotor and the stator is additionally changed by the supply of energy from the energy store and thus at least temporarily amplified. This may preferably be useful for an accelerated torque transmission. It is further provided that the magnetic field can be changed at least temporarily only via the supply of energy from the energy store, so that the drive of the drive device at least temporarily way is purely electric. In this way, fuel consumption and / or CO 2 emissions can be reduced.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is that the crankshaft is mounted via a one-way clutch in the housing of the drive device and / or the motor housing. The one-way clutch has a freewheel, so that the crankshaft is rotatable about the crankshaft longitudinal axis only in a first direction of rotation and locks in a second direction of rotation opposite to the first direction of rotation. The locking of the second direction of rotation may preferably be required when the torque transmission between the rotor and stator is purely electrical. Thus, the rotor stands still and is preferably supported against the locked freewheel. About the supplied electrical energy, the stator is rotated relative to the rotor in rotation, wherein the stator transmits the rotational energy and / or rotation to the output shaft.

In principle, any type of accumulator can be used for energy storage. The energy store is particularly preferably a battery, in particular a battery for a motor vehicle or two-wheeler, which particularly preferably has a high power density. An advantageous development of the invention is that the energy storage is designed as a lithium-ion accumulator. A lithium-ion battery is characterized in particular by its high energy density and small dimensions compared to alternative energy storage devices. In this way, the space of the drive device can be reduced. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the drive device is inoperable via the electromotive coupling. Thus, the drive device and / or the motor can be started via the electromotive clutch, wherein the electric motor coupling for starting the drive means electrical energy is supplied from the energy storage. The preferably designed as a transmission input shaft output shaft and / or coupled to the output shaft gear are blocked, so that the coupled to the output shaft stator is fixed. In the case of a two-wheeled vehicle, this can preferably take place in that the driver manually actuates the brake and / or the brake is automatically actuated for the starting procedure. About the supplied energy is between the rotor and the stator changes the magnetic field, whereby the rotor is rotated relative to the stator in rotation and thus an electromotive force is generated, which drives the crankshaft to start the drive means. Thus, an additional starter for starting the drive device can be dispensed with, as a result of which the installation space and / or the weight of the drive device can be reduced.

An advantageous development of the invention is that the electromotive clutch for transmitting an engine torque of the crankshaft for Antriebsein- devices and / or two-wheelers with a displacement of 50 cm ³ to 250 cm ^{3 is} formed. This preferably corresponds to a motor torque of about 6 Nm to about 30 Nm.

The invention also relates to a method for driving an output shaft with a drive device, comprising a crank shaft rotatable about a crankshaft longitudinal axis, arranged on the crankshaft, at least one rotor and a stator having, electromotive clutch, wherein the rotor is rotatably mounted on the crankshaft, and the stator is spaced apart from the outer peripheral surface of the rotor, so that an air gap is formed between the stator and the rotor, and the stator is rotatable about the rotor, wherein the stator is coupled to an output shaft, so that of the Rotor transmitted to the stator rotational movement is transferable to the output shaft, wherein a supply of electrical energy into the electromotive clutch and / or a discharge of electrical energy from the electromotive clutch in response to a rotational speed of the crankshaft to control the rotational speed of the output shaft is carried out.

It is thus an aspect of the method according to the invention that the output shaft is set into rotation and driven by a supply of electrical energy into the electromotive clutch and / or by a removal of electrical energy from the electromotive clutch as a function of the rotational speed of the crankshaft , The electromotive clutch can thus take over the task of a torque converter. Due to the electromotive design of the clutch and the drive of the output shaft via the arranged on the crankshaft electro- Motor coupling, the output shaft can be driven with a space-reduced drive device.

The invention also relates to a two-wheeled vehicle comprising a drive device, comprising a crankshaft rotatable about a crankshaft longitudinal axis, an electromotive clutch arranged on the crankshaft, having at least one rotor and a stator, wherein the rotor is arranged rotationally fixed on the crankshaft, and Stator spaced apart from the outer peripheral surface of the rotor is arranged so that between the stator and the rotor, an air gap is formed, and the stator is displaceable via the rotor in a rotational movement, wherein the stator is coupled to an output shaft, so that of the rotor transmitted to the stator rotational movement on the output shaft is transferable.

The preferred and / or advantageous developments of the drive device according to the invention also apply individually and / or in combination for the method according to the invention and the two-wheeler according to the invention.

In the following, the invention will be explained by way of example with reference to the appended drawing with reference to a preferred exemplary embodiment, wherein the features shown below may represent an aspect of the invention both individually and in combination. Show it:

1 shows a section through a drive device of a two-wheeler with an electromotive clutch, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.

In Fig. 1 is a section through a drive means 10 of a two-wheeler is shown. The drive device 10 has a crankshaft 16 connected to a piston 14 via a connecting rod 12, wherein the crankshaft 16 is rotatable about the crankshaft longitudinal axis 22 by a translational displacement of the piston 14 within a combustion chamber 18 of a cylinder 20. The translational displacement of the piston 14 within the combustion chamber 18 is effected by combustion of a fuel-air mixture, wherein the translational displacement of the piston 14 is transmitted via the connecting rod 12 in a rotational movement to the crankshaft 16. On the crankshaft 16, an electromotive clutch 24 is arranged, wherein the electromotive clutch 24 has a rotor 26 and a stator 28. The rotor 26 is rotatably connected to the crankshaft 16, so that a rotational movement of the crankshaft 16 about the crankshaft longitudinal axis 22 is transmitted via the rotationally fixed connection directly to the rotor 26. The rotor 26 preferably forms a flywheel to reduce drive-related irregularities, preferably from the combustion cycle of the drive device 10 and the engine. The stator 28 is arranged at a distance from the outer circumferential surface 30 of the rotor 26, so that an air gap 32 is formed between the stator 28 and the rotor 26.

A magnetic or electromagnetic field can be generated via the electromotive coupling 24, that is to say via the electromotive configuration of the stator 28 and the rotor 26, so that rotational movement of the rotor 26 can be transmitted to the stator 28 via the magnetic field due to rotation of the crankshaft 16 ,

The stator 28 is rotatably connected to a first gear 34 of a gear stage of a gearbox 35 in order to transmit the rotational movement of the stator 28 via the first gear 34 to a second gear 36 of a second gear stage of an output shaft 40 designed as a transmission input shaft 38. The electromotive clutch 24 can thus take over the task of a torque converter. The electromotive clutch 24 thus combines at least two capabilities, namely the generation of a magnetic field and thus the generation of energy, which usually takes over a generator, and also via the rotor 26 and the stator 28 has a coupling function between the crankshaft 16 and the output shaft 40th The electromotive clutch 24 can thus replace the generator and the friction clutch, whereby the space of the drive device can be reduced. Moreover, the friction clutch-free design of the drive device 10 can reduce abrasion-related contamination of a friction clutch in a lubricant surrounding the clutch, thereby extending maintenance intervals of the drive device 10 and thus maintenance costs can be reduced.

The electromotive clutch 24 is provided with an energy storage (not shown) for driving and / or accelerating the stator 28, and with an energy sink (not shown) to slow down the stator 28 electrically connected. The energy store and the energy sink are designed as one component, the energy store being an accumulator. Due to the design of the energy store and the energy sink as a component, the installation space of the drive device 10 can be reduced.

The accumulator is designed as a lithium-ion accumulator and thus has a high energy density. The accumulator can be recharged quickly and can have a reduced installation space.

By supplying electrical energy to the electromotive clutch 24 from the energy storage and / or a discharge of electrical energy from the electromotive clutch 24 to the energy sink, the amount and / or the sign of a speed difference between the rotational speed of the crankshaft 16 and the rotational speed of the output shaft 40 is selectively changed become. With a supply of electrical energy, the output shaft 40 can be accelerated in addition to the speed introduced by the crankshaft 16, whereby the rotational speed of the stator 28 can exceed that of the rotor 26 arranged on the crankshaft. With a discharge of electrical energy, the output shaft 40 can be braked compared to the speed introduced by the crankshaft 16, whereby the stator 28 and thus the output shaft 40 rotates slower than the crankshaft 16.

In the present embodiment, the stator 28 permanent magnets and the rotor 26 windings, wherein the windings are electrically conductively connected via a contactless or touch-contacting electrical contact, preferably a sliding contact connection, with electrical lines for introducing and / or discharging electrical energy to the accumulator. By a rotation of the crankshaft 16 of the windings having, with the crankshaft 16 rotatably connected rotor 26 is set in a rotational movement. If the output shaft 40 and thus also the permanent magnet and / or the permanent magnets having stator 28 rests, a magnetic field and thus electrical energy is generated by the rotation of the rotor 26 relative to the stator 28, which can be supplied via the electric lines to the accumulator. As soon as the output shaft 40 is released for a rotational movement, the stator 28 becomes via the magnetic field set in rotation. This preferably takes place until the rotational speed of the rotor 26 corresponds to the rotational speed of the stator 28.

The stator 28 can be driven via the rotor 26 and / or the energy store. The stator 28 can thus be driven solely by the rotation of the crankshaft 16 and the magnetic field generated thereby between the rotor 26 and stator 28. In addition, previously stored electrical energy can be supplied from the energy store, so that the magnetic field generated by the rotation of the crankshaft 16 between the rotor 26 and the stator 28 is at least temporarily enhanced by the supply of energy from the energy store. This may preferably be useful for an accelerated torque transmission. It is further provided that the magnetic field can be built up, at least temporarily, solely by the supply of energy from the energy store, so that the drive of the drive device 10 is at least temporarily purely electric. In this way, fuel consumption and / or CO 2 emissions can be reduced.

The crankshaft 16 is mounted in the housing 44 of the drive device 10 via a one-way clutch 42. The one-way clutch 42 has a freewheel, so that the crankshaft 16 can only be rotated in a first direction of rotation about the crankshaft longitudinal axis 22 and locks in a second direction of rotation opposite to the first direction of rotation. The locking of the second direction of rotation may preferably be required when the torque transmission between the rotor 26 and stator 28 is purely electrical. Thus, the rotor 26 is stationary and is preferably supported against the locked freewheel. By means of the supplied electrical energy from the accumulator, the stator 28 is set in rotation relative to the rotor 26, wherein the stator 28 transmits the rotation to the output shaft 40 via the gear wheels 34, 36 of the gear stages. Reference number list Drive device

connecting rod

piston

crankshaft

combustion chamber

cylinder

crankshaft axis

Electromotive coupling

rotor

stator

Outer surface rotor

air gap

First gear of a gear stage

manual transmission

Second gear of a gear stage

Transmission input shaft

output shaft

One-way clutch

casing

Claims

claims

1 . Drive device (10) for a two-wheeler, comprising a crankshaft (16) rotatable about a crankshaft longitudinal axis (22), an electromotive clutch (24) arranged on the crankshaft (16), having at least one rotor (26) and a stator (28). wherein the rotor (26) is non-rotatably mounted on the crankshaft (16), and the stator (28) is spaced from the outer peripheral surface of the rotor (26) so that between the stator (28) and the rotor (26) Air gap (32) is formed, and the stator (28) via the rotor (26) is set in a rotational movement, wherein the stator (28) with an output shaft (40) is coupled, so that the of the rotor (26 ) on the stator (28) transmitted rotary motion to the output shaft (40) is transferable.

2. Drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electromotive coupling (24) with an energy storage for driving and / or accelerating the stator (28) is electrically connected and / or with an energy sink for slowing down the stator (28) electrically conductive is connected, wherein the energy storage and the energy sink are preferably formed as a component, particularly preferably as an accumulator.

3. Drive device according to claim 2, characterized in that the energy store is a battery.

4. Drive device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the stator (28) has permanent magnets and the rotor (26) windings or the stator (28) windings and the rotor (26) permanent magnets, wherein the windings via a non-contact or touch-contacting electrical contacting with electrical lines for the introduction and / or discharge of electrical energy are connected.

5. Drive device according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the stator (28) via the rotor (26) and / or the energy storage is drivable.

6. Drive device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the crankshaft (16) via a one-way clutch (42) in the housing (44) of the drive device (10) is mounted.

7. Drive device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized marked, that via the electromotive coupling (24) the drive means (10) is inbuttable drivable.

8. A method for driving an output shaft (40) with a drive device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a supply of electrical energy into the electromotive coupling (24) and / or a discharge of electrical energy from the electromotive clutch (24). in response to a rotational speed of the crankshaft (16) for controlling the rotational speed of the output shaft (40) is performed.

9. A bicycle comprising a drive device (10) according to one of claims 1 to 7.