EP2884005B1 - Soil compactor with direct drive - Google Patents

Soil compactor with direct drive Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2884005B1
EP2884005B1 EP14003744.1A EP14003744A EP2884005B1 EP 2884005 B1 EP2884005 B1 EP 2884005B1 EP 14003744 A EP14003744 A EP 14003744A EP 2884005 B1 EP2884005 B1 EP 2884005B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ground
electric motor
drive
motor
frequency
Prior art date
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Application number
EP14003744.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2884005A1 (en
Inventor
Michael Steffen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wacker Neuson Produktion GmbH and Co KG
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Wacker Neuson Produktion GmbH and Co KG
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/046—Improving by compacting by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/22—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for consolidating or finishing laid-down unset materials
    • E01C19/30—Tamping or vibrating apparatus other than rollers ; Devices for ramming individual paving elements
    • E01C19/34—Power-driven rammers or tampers, e.g. air-hammer impacted shoes for ramming stone-sett paving; Hand-actuated ramming or tamping machines, e.g. tampers with manually hoisted dropping weight
    • E01C19/35—Hand-held or hand-guided tools
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/22—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for consolidating or finishing laid-down unset materials
    • E01C19/30—Tamping or vibrating apparatus other than rollers ; Devices for ramming individual paving elements
    • E01C19/34—Power-driven rammers or tampers, e.g. air-hammer impacted shoes for ramming stone-sett paving; Hand-actuated ramming or tamping machines, e.g. tampers with manually hoisted dropping weight
    • E01C19/38—Power-driven rammers or tampers, e.g. air-hammer impacted shoes for ramming stone-sett paving; Hand-actuated ramming or tamping machines, e.g. tampers with manually hoisted dropping weight with means specifically for generating vibrations, e.g. vibrating plate compactors, immersion vibrators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/18—Mechanical movements
    • Y10T74/18056—Rotary to or from reciprocating or oscillating
    • Y10T74/18208—Crank, pitman, and slide

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a soil compacting device and a method for operating a soil compacting device.
  • the invention can be used for tools for soil compaction, such as rammers or vibratory plates.
  • Soil compacting machines are typically powered by combustion and / or electric motors. While internal combustion engines allow a largely independent operation of the soil compaction device by storing the fuel (fuel) in a tank on the machine, the use of electric motors, a burden on the environment and an operator operating the soil compaction machine can be avoided.
  • the supply of the electric motor is generally via an external connection to the public power grid or, for example, in smaller soil compaction machines, by an electric accumulator.
  • the rotational frequency of the electric motors necessary for generating the motor power is much higher than the operating frequency of the compressor, i. So the tamping or vibration frequency. Consequently, reduction gears are provided between the drive motor and the ramming or vibration system, which reduce the rotational frequency of the drive movement generated by the electric motor and increase the drive torque.
  • Such reduction gears include complex assemblies that require a suitable space, have a high weight and lead to high costs in the production. In working mode, they are exposed to heavy loads, have high wear and thus lead to a limited reliability of the overall system.
  • rammers are adapted to the conditions of non-compacted standard floors in such a way that the best possible compaction effect of the machine is achieved, even if the properties of the floors coincide with the floors considered in the dimensioning of the ramming system. When compacting different types of soils, the ramming effect can therefore be lower.
  • a rammer for soil compaction is known in which a working movement of the ground contact element is generated by an electric motor via a crank mechanism.
  • a motor shaft is rotated, which is connected via a coupling with the crank mechanism.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a soil compaction device that allows reliable operation while maintaining high efficiency of the overall system and low production costs. Furthermore, the invention has for its object to provide a method for operating such a soil compaction device.
  • a soil compacting device has an upper mass and a lower mass coupled to the upper mass by a spring device with a ground contact element. Furthermore, a drive for generating a working movement of the ground contact element is provided.
  • the drive has an electric motor, and a drive frequency of a drive motion generated by the electric motor is equal to a frequency of the working movement of the ground contact element.
  • the equality of the drive frequency of the electric motor and the frequency of the working movement are achieved in the soil compacting device by a synchronization of the electric motor with the frequency of the working movement.
  • the drive movement is thus transmitted to the ground contact element without changing the frequency.
  • the rotational frequency of the electric motor for example the rotational frequency of a drive element or a drive shaft of the electric motor
  • a frequency of the working movement of the ground contact element for example, a ground contact plate
  • a rotation of the drive element of the electric motor exactly corresponds to a working or ramming cycle or the stamping frequency of the ground contact plate.
  • the synchronization of the electric motor with the working frequency makes it possible to generate the working movement directly by the electric motor.
  • the drive movement of the drive element can be transmitted directly and without converting their frequency to the ground contact element. Consequently, it is not necessary, for example, to provide transmission devices or other transmission elements for converting, for example reducing, the drive frequency. This is referred to below as a direct drive.
  • the synchronization of the electric motor with the working frequency thus allows a direct connection of the electric motor with the ramming system on the lower mass, or with a connecting rod of the ramming system.
  • the position of the ramming system (ram) and the rotation angle of the drive shaft of the electric motor or the rotor shaft to each other are always exactly defined by the lack of coupling, so that with the knowledge of one can always be closed on the other and vice versa.
  • the direct drive makes it possible to provide a soil compaction device which is substantially smaller and lighter than, for example, a conventional rammer or a conventional vibration plate with gear device.
  • a lower weight of the upper mass can be achieved, resulting in a lower center of gravity and thus better leadership properties. Due to the lower mechanical complexity of the overall system lower production costs are achieved.
  • the direct drive and in particular the direct connection of the electric motor with the ramming system allows an effective, accurate and low-noise transmission of the drive movement to the ground contact element.
  • a low-noise and low-maintenance operation with high efficiency of the overall system is possible in which little wear occurs.
  • the electric motor has a DC motor, AC motor or AC motor with a high number of pole pairs.
  • the DC, rotary or AC motor can be at least two, three, four, five, have eight or ten pairs of poles each consisting of a north and a south pole.
  • the DC, rotary or AC motor may have at least 8 poles or a pole pair number of at least 8 pole pairs.
  • an electric motor with a low, for example, the operating frequency of the soil compacting device adapted speed.
  • the torque of the electric motor increases, essentially in proportion to the number of pole pairs.
  • a high drive torque is simultaneously achieved, which is suitable for driving the ground contact element in the working movement. Consequently, a high pole-pair rotating or alternating current motor is suitable for enabling direct drive of the soil compaction device.
  • the electric motor has a torque motor.
  • a torque motor is a high-torque magnetic motor or switched reluctance motor or a slow-speed electric motor such. an electric asynchronous motor with a high number of pole pairs.
  • torque motors have high torques at low speeds. This can be used in the manner described above for the direct drive of the soil compacting device.
  • Torque motors can be designed as brushless DC motors and can be designed as external rotor with internal stator and external rotor and as internal rotor with internal rotor and external stator. Their large drive torque can cause high accelerations and leads to a high dynamics of the working behavior of the soil compacting device.
  • the high starting torque already present at the start makes it possible to start the soil compacting device solely by the torque motor.
  • the high drive stiffness of the torque motors allows essentially no play, which is why torque motors have good control properties, which make it possible to accurately implement the work requirements of the soil compacting device.
  • the torque motor may be preceded by an electronic frequency converter, which provides a supply current with a suitable frequency for operating the torque motor.
  • the overall system of the soil compacting device can be designed inexpensively, since additional costs, for example, for gearboxes and other transmission elements can be omitted.
  • the electric motor has an asynchronous motor with a high number of pole pairs and / or a squirrel cage drive motor with a high number of pole pairs.
  • the asynchronous motor or the squirrel-cage drive motor 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10 or more pole pairs have.
  • the asynchronous motor or the squirrel cage drive motor may have at least 8 poles or a pole pair number of at least 8 pole pairs.
  • asynchronous motors or squirrel-cage drive motors enables a cost-effective design of the soil compacting device.
  • the provision of a high number of pole pairs makes it possible to provide a high-torque drive with a low speed, which allows a direct drive of the ground contact element of the soil compacting device.
  • the asynchronous motor or squirrel-cage drive motor can be designed, for example, such that when operated at the mains frequency, for example of the public power grid, a direct drive of the ground contact element with a suitable stamping frequency is possible.
  • a frequency converter for converting the mains frequency may be provided to allow operation of the soil compacting device with a suitable working movement of the ground contact element, for example when feeding the electric motor from the public power grid or from a battery with DC-AC conversion.
  • the electric motor may comprise or be configured as a sensor-commutated brushless magnet motor with an electronic control device.
  • a sensor-commutated, brushless magnetic motor with electronic control has sensors for determining the position of a rotor of the electric motor relative to the stator field.
  • the stator coils can be energized depending on the current rotor position and according to a movement request.
  • Hall sensors for detecting the magnetic flux of the rotor or optical sensors in the region of the stator can be used as sensors, for example.
  • the signals of the sensors via an incremental encoder, for example, with zero setting at a given rotor position, output.
  • the control device can determine the position of the rotor and thus, in the case of a direct-acting drive, also the position of the ground contact element, i. of the padfoot, relative to the soil compactor and thus determine relative to the ground. Based on this position information, the electronic control device can suitably control or energize the windings, which generate a torque in the rotor, via suitable power drivers. This control can be made depending on a movement request of the rammer and / or depending on the position of the rotor or position of the padfoot. This is referred to below as sensor-controlled commutation.
  • the sensor-controlled commutation a needs-based control of the working frequency of the soil compaction device can be achieved and a working movement of the soil contact element can be directly influenced.
  • the sensor-controlled commutation works even at very low speeds or in the state. Usually, not all phases are energized at the same time, especially in three or more phases, so that at any time at least one phase can be de-energized.
  • a drive movement of the electric motor can be transmitted to the ground contact plate via a crank drive.
  • a connecting rod of the crank mechanism can be eccentrically coupled to a rotor device of the electric motor.
  • the coupling can be achieved for example by means of a crank pin, which is arranged eccentrically on the rotor device of the electric motor.
  • the electric motor may have a rotatably arranged stator device and a rotor device rotatable relative to the stator device, wherein the rotor device is rotatable or rotatable with respect to the stator device by the action of the supplied rotary or alternating current.
  • the connecting rod of the crank mechanism may be coupled to the rotor device, for example by means of the eccentrically arranged on the rotor device crank pin. This can form a robust connection between the rotor device and the connecting rod.
  • the connecting rod Due to the direct connection of the connecting rod with the rotor device, a direct transmission of the drive torque of the electric motor to the connecting rod and via the connecting rod to the ground contact element is achieved without requiring gear devices or further transmission elements. As a result, the drive movement can be effectively and smoothly transmitted to the ground contact element. Furthermore, the connecting rod can be suitably guided through the rotor in an operation of the soil compacting device. As a result, interference from the working operation of the soil compacting device, for example reflections of the soil contact element of working soil, can be absorbed and contained.
  • the electric motor and the crank drive can be structurally integrated.
  • the rotor device of the electric motor may have an eccentric, for example an eccentric disk, to which the connecting rod is fastened, for example, by means of the crank pin.
  • an electrical energy store and / or a connection device can be provided for connection to a current source.
  • the electric motor can be supplied with electrical energy from the electrical energy store and / or from the current source.
  • the power source may be provided, for example, by a public power grid and / or a generator.
  • a power source arranged externally, for example, outside the soil compacting device makes it possible to operate the soil compaction device with low emissions and low noise and thus gentle on the operator and the environment after connection to the power source.
  • the use of an internal electrical energy store which is thus arranged on the ground device and which can be loadable by connection to an external electrical current source furthermore makes it possible to operate the ground compacting device independently of the cable independently of access to the current source.
  • a frequency converter for generating a rotary or alternating current for the electric motor may be provided at a predetermined or selectable by the operator frequency.
  • the frequency converter can be structurally integrated with the electric motor, which allows a simple construction of the soil compacting device with a small installation space. It is also possible to provide the frequency converter separate from the electric motor, or to provide an external frequency converter for providing a supply current with the frequency required by the electric motor. For example, the frequency of the feed stream may be controllable with respect to work demands on the soil compacting device.
  • the drive can have a further motor, and the further motor can be operated alternatively or in addition to the electric motor.
  • the further engine may be another electric motor or an internal combustion engine.
  • the electric motor and the further motor can alternatively or simultaneously drive the working movement of the ground contact element, for example by alternative or simultaneous action on the connecting rod.
  • a cranked shaft with a plurality of crankpins may be provided for driving by a plurality of motors.
  • an internal combustion engine in addition to the electric motor enables a hybrid drive of the soil compacting device, for example, depending on whether an electrical energy store is charged, an external power source available and / or if a tank container of the internal combustion engine is refueled. This achieves the greatest possible independence from the availability of the energy sources and thus a high availability of the soil compacting device in different application scenarios.
  • the soil compaction device has an upper mass, a lower mass coupled to the upper mass by a spring device with a ground contact element and a drive for generating a drive movement of the ground contact element.
  • the drive has an electric motor, and a drive frequency of a drive motion generated by the electric motor is equal to a frequency of the working movement of the ground contact element.
  • the soil compacting device may correspond to any of the embodiments and variants discussed above.
  • the method comprises injecting a rotary or alternating current into the electric motor and transmitting the drive movement of the Electric motor in a working movement of the ground contact element with the same frequency.
  • the method thus enables the operation of a ground compaction device with a direct drive, in which a rotational frequency of a drive element of the electric motor corresponds to a frequency of the working movement of the ground contact plate.
  • the electric motor may be driven to produce at least one further driving movement of a drive shaft of the electric motor.
  • the further drive movement may be configured to generate at least one further impact of the ground contact plate (e.g., the soil to be compacted), the further drive motion having a higher drive frequency than a drive frequency of the drive shaft at the moment of impact.
  • the higher drive frequency of the further drive movement can be significantly and significantly higher than the drive frequency at the moment of the power surge.
  • the higher drive frequency may be at least 30% higher than the drive frequency at the moment of the power surge.
  • This embodiment enables the setting of a multiple impact of the soil compacting device as well as a lookup.
  • further power surges can be generated immediately after the impulse, which the padfoot exerts on the ground.
  • This is achieved by suitable moderation of the drive after placing the padfoot on the ground, in particular by a suitable electromagnetic excitation of the drive motor. Since the drive movement of the drive motor with the same frequency or rigidly transmitted to the padfoot, an exact control of the multiple impact or Nahbans is possible.
  • the drive motor can be controlled such that a series of rapidly successive rotational pulses of the drive shaft / rotor shaft is generated at a very high drive frequency and transmitted to the padfoot.
  • the further drive movement can be at least one partial movement having a direction of rotation of the drive shaft opposite to a direction of rotation of the drive shaft at the moment of impact.
  • the soil to be compacted is repeatedly compressed by the padfoot / soil contact element and with rapidly successive shock pulses, which leads to additional compaction of the soil.
  • the fact that there is no or only a minimal reflection of the force pulse due to the already made contact of the padfoot to the ground, a very effective compaction of the soil can be achieved.
  • the figure shows schematically in a lateral sectional view serving as a soil compacting rammer 1, in which a housing 2, an electric motor 3 is provided.
  • the electric motor 3 has a stator 4 and a rotor 5 rotatable relative to the stator 4 and is fed from an electrical energy store 6 arranged on the rammer 1.
  • an eccentric disk 7 Structurally integrated with the rotor 5 is an eccentric disk 7, on which eccentrically a crank pin 8 is arranged.
  • a connecting rod 9 Connected to the crank pin 8 is a connecting rod 9 for converting the rotary drive movement of the rotor 5 in a translational and oscillatory up and down movement, and for transmitting the up and down movement on a coupled to the connecting rod 9 via spring packs 10 and 11 padfoot 12, on which a ground contact plate 13 is arranged as the ground contact element.
  • the alternating or three-phase current is supplied as a supply current to the stator 4 of the electric motor 3.
  • alternating magnetic fields in the region of the rotor 5 are generated and the rotor 5 is set in a known manner in a rotational movement, the drive movement of the electric motor.
  • a rotational frequency of the rotor 5 or drive frequency of the drive movement is caused directly by a frequency of the stator 4 supplied alternating or three-phase current.
  • the drive or rotational movement of the rotor 5, which is structurally integrated with the crank mechanism formed by the eccentric disc 7, the crank pin 8 and the connecting rod 9, is concurrently, ie with the same frequency in a working movement of the padfoot 12 and the ground contact plate 13 arranged thereon implemented.
  • a direct drive of the ground contact plate 13 is achieved by the electric motor 3 with synchronous frequency.
  • the direct drive makes it possible to design the tamper 1 without further transmission devices or without further frequency-converting transmission elements. As a result, a lower complexity of the overall system is achieved, which leads to low production costs, low maintenance costs, a high overall efficiency and a high reliability of the stampers 1.
  • the construction is low in noise and wear and also has a low center of gravity compared to conventionally driven rammers and thus improved leadership.
  • the electric motor 3 may have, for example, a rotary or alternating current motor with a high number of pole pairs, a torque motor, an asynchronous motor with a high pole pair number and / or a squirrel cage drive motor with a high number of pole pairs.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Road Paving Machines (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung und ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung. Die Erfindung ist für Arbeitsgeräte zur Bodenverdichtung einsetzbar, wie beispielsweise Stampfer oder Vibrationsplatten.The invention relates to a soil compacting device and a method for operating a soil compacting device. The invention can be used for tools for soil compaction, such as rammers or vibratory plates.

Bodenverdichtungsmaschinen werden typischerweise von Verbrennungs- und/ oder Elektromotoren angetrieben. Während Verbrennungsmotoren einen weitgehend unabhängigen Betrieb der Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung durch Bevorratung des Energieträgers (Kraftstoff) in einem Tank an der Maschine ermöglichen, kann durch den Einsatz von Elektromotoren eine Belastung der Umwelt und eines die Bodenverdichtungsmaschine bedienenden Bedieners vermieden werden. Die Versorgung des Elektromotors erfolgt im Allgemeinen über einen externen Anschluss zum öffentlichen Stromversorgungsnetz oder, beispielsweise bei kleineren Bodenverdichtungsmaschinen, durch einen elektrischen Akkumulator.Soil compacting machines are typically powered by combustion and / or electric motors. While internal combustion engines allow a largely independent operation of the soil compaction device by storing the fuel (fuel) in a tank on the machine, the use of electric motors, a burden on the environment and an operator operating the soil compaction machine can be avoided. The supply of the electric motor is generally via an external connection to the public power grid or, for example, in smaller soil compaction machines, by an electric accumulator.

Bei der Verwendung von Elektromotoren liegt die zur Erzeugung der Motorleistung notwendige Rotationsfrequenz der Elektromotoren wesentlich höher als die Arbeitsfrequenz des Verdichters, d.h. also die Stampf- oder Vibrationsfrequenz. Folglich werden Reduktionsgetriebe zwischen dem Antriebsmotor und dem Stampf- bzw. Vibrationssystem vorgesehen, die die Rotationsfrequenz der vom Elektromotor erzeugten Antriebsbewegung herabsetzen und das Antriebsmoment erhöhen.When using electric motors, the rotational frequency of the electric motors necessary for generating the motor power is much higher than the operating frequency of the compressor, i. So the tamping or vibration frequency. Consequently, reduction gears are provided between the drive motor and the ramming or vibration system, which reduce the rotational frequency of the drive movement generated by the electric motor and increase the drive torque.

Derartige Reduktionsgetriebe beinhalten komplexe Baugruppen, welche einen geeigneten Bauraum benötigen, ein hohes Gewicht haben und zu hohen Kosten bei der Herstellung führen. Im Arbeitsbetrieb sind sie starken Belastungen ausgesetzt, weisen einen hohen Verschleiß auf und führen so zu einer eingeschränkten Zuverlässigkeit des Gesamtsystems.Such reduction gears include complex assemblies that require a suitable space, have a high weight and lead to high costs in the production. In working mode, they are exposed to heavy loads, have high wear and thus lead to a limited reliability of the overall system.

Schnelldrehende Elektromotoren wirken folglich beim Antrieb von Bodenverdichtern über Untersetzungsgetriebe und Federpakete auf das Bodenkontaktelement. Somit kann konstruktionsbedingt nicht aus dem Drehwinkel des Antriebmotors auf die Position des Stampffußes und dessen Lastfall zurückgeschlossen werden. Vielmehr hängen die Stampffrequenz, eine Anstoßgeschwindigkeit sowie der zeitliche Ablauf des Stoßvorganges von den Systemgrößen der Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung sowie von einer Beschaffenheit (Steifigkeit) des zu verdichtenden Bodens ab.Fast-rotating electric motors consequently act on the ground contact element when driven by ground compressors via reduction gears and spring assemblies. Thus, due to the design can not be deduced from the rotation angle of the drive motor to the position of the padfoot and its load case. Rather, the stamping frequency, an abutment speed and the timing of the impact process depend on the system sizes of the soil compaction device and on the nature (rigidity) of the soil to be compacted.

Bei der Konzipierung und Auslegung werden Stampfer an die Bedingungen unverdichteter Standardböden derart angepasst, dass es zu einer bestmöglichen Verdichtungswirkung der Maschine genau dann kommt, wenn auch die Eigenschaften der Böden mit den bei der Dimensionierung das Stampfsystems berücksichtigten Böden übereinstimmen. Bei der Verdichtung anders gearteter Böden kann die Stampfwirkung daher geringer sein.During design and construction, rammers are adapted to the conditions of non-compacted standard floors in such a way that the best possible compaction effect of the machine is achieved, even if the properties of the floors coincide with the floors considered in the dimensioning of the ramming system. When compacting different types of soils, the ramming effect can therefore be lower.

Aus der WO 2012/084074 A1 ist ein Stampfer zur Bodenverdichtung bekannt, bei dem eine Arbeitsbewegung des Bodenkontaktelements durch einen Elektromotor über einen Kurbeltrieb erzeugt wird. Durch den Elektromotor wird eine Motorwelle in Rotation versetzt, die über eine Kupplung mit dem Kurbeltrieb verbunden ist.From the WO 2012/084074 A1 a rammer for soil compaction is known in which a working movement of the ground contact element is generated by an electric motor via a crank mechanism. By the electric motor, a motor shaft is rotated, which is connected via a coupling with the crank mechanism.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung anzugeben, die einen zuverlässigen Betrieb bei gleichzeitig hohem Wirkungsgrad des Gesamtsystems und geringen Herstellkosten ermöglicht. Weiterhin liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer solchen Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung anzugeben.The invention has for its object to provide a soil compaction device that allows reliable operation while maintaining high efficiency of the overall system and low production costs. Furthermore, the invention has for its object to provide a method for operating such a soil compaction device.

Diese Aufgaben werden durch eine Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung gemäß Patentanspruch 1 und durch ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung gemäß dem nebengeordneten Patentanspruch gelöst. Weiterentwicklungen sind den abhängigen Ansprüchen zu entnehmen.These objects are achieved by a soil compaction device according to claim 1 and by a method for operating a soil compacting device according to the independent claim. Further developments can be found in the dependent claims.

Eine Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung weist eine Obermasse und eine mit der Obermasse durch eine Federeinrichtung gekoppelte Untermasse mit einem Bodenkontaktelement auf. Weiterhin ist ein Antrieb zum Erzeugen einer Arbeitsbewegung des Bodenkontaktelements vorgesehen. Der Antrieb weist einen Elektromotor auf, und eine Antriebsfrequenz einer von dem Elektromotor erzeugten Antriebsbewegung ist gleich einer Frequenz der Arbeitsbewegung des Bodenkontaktelements.A soil compacting device has an upper mass and a lower mass coupled to the upper mass by a spring device with a ground contact element. Furthermore, a drive for generating a working movement of the ground contact element is provided. The drive has an electric motor, and a drive frequency of a drive motion generated by the electric motor is equal to a frequency of the working movement of the ground contact element.

Die Gleichheit der Antriebsfrequenz des Elektromotors und der Frequenz der Arbeitsbewegung werden in der Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung durch ein Gleichlaufen des Elektromotors mit der Frequenz der Arbeitsbewegung erreicht. Die Antriebsbewegung wird folglich ohne Änderung der Frequenz auf das Bodenkontaktelement übertragen. Dies bedeutet insbesondere, dass die Drehfrequenz des Elektromotors, beispielsweise die Drehfrequenz eines Antriebselements bzw. einer Antriebswelle des Elektromotors, einer Frequenz der Arbeitsbewegung des Bodenkontaktelements, z.B. einer Bodenkontaktplatte, entspricht. Demzufolge entspricht eine Drehung des Antriebselements des Elektromotors genau einem Arbeits- bzw. Stampfzyklus bzw. der Stampffrequenz der Bodenkontaktplatte.The equality of the drive frequency of the electric motor and the frequency of the working movement are achieved in the soil compacting device by a synchronization of the electric motor with the frequency of the working movement. The drive movement is thus transmitted to the ground contact element without changing the frequency. This means in particular that the rotational frequency of the electric motor, for example the rotational frequency of a drive element or a drive shaft of the electric motor, a frequency of the working movement of the ground contact element, for example, a ground contact plate corresponds. Accordingly, a rotation of the drive element of the electric motor exactly corresponds to a working or ramming cycle or the stamping frequency of the ground contact plate.

Das Gleichlaufen des Elektromotors mit der Arbeitsfrequenz ermöglicht es, die Arbeitsbewegung durch den Elektromotor direkt erzeugen zu lassen. Insbesondere kann die Antriebsbewegung des Antriebselements direkt und ohne Umsetzen ihrer Frequenz auf das Bodenkontaktelement übertragen werden. Demzufolge ist es nicht notwendig, beispielsweise Getriebevorrichtungen oder weitere Übertragungsglieder zum Umsetzen, beispielsweise Reduzieren, der Antriebsfrequenz vorzusehen. Dies wird im Folgenden als Direktantrieb bezeichnet.The synchronization of the electric motor with the working frequency makes it possible to generate the working movement directly by the electric motor. In particular, the drive movement of the drive element can be transmitted directly and without converting their frequency to the ground contact element. Consequently, it is not necessary, for example, to provide transmission devices or other transmission elements for converting, for example reducing, the drive frequency. This is referred to below as a direct drive.

Das Gleichlaufen des Elektromotors mit der Arbeitsfrequenz ermöglicht somit eine direkte Verbindung des Elektromotors mit dem Stampfsystem an der Untermasse, bzw. mit einem Pleuel des Stampfsystems. Dies führt zu einer phasendefinierten Verbindung zwischen Elektromotor und Stampfsystem. Insbesondere sind durch die fehlende Kupplung die Position des Stampfsystems (Stampfpleuels) und der Drehwinkel der Antriebswelle des Elektromotors bzw. der Rotorwelle zueinander immer exakt definiert, so dass mit der Kenntnis des einen immer auf den anderen geschlossenen werden kann und umgekehrt.The synchronization of the electric motor with the working frequency thus allows a direct connection of the electric motor with the ramming system on the lower mass, or with a connecting rod of the ramming system. This leads to a phase-defined connection between the electric motor and ramming system. In particular, the position of the ramming system (ram) and the rotation angle of the drive shaft of the electric motor or the rotor shaft to each other are always exactly defined by the lack of coupling, so that with the knowledge of one can always be closed on the other and vice versa.

Durch den Direktantrieb des Bodenkontaktelements durch den Elektromotor wird eine besonders einfache Konstruktion der Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung möglich, da auf die Getriebevorrichtungen oder die weitere Übertragungsglieder zum Umsetzen der Frequenz verzichtet werden kann.Due to the direct drive of the ground contact element by the electric motor, a particularly simple construction of the soil compaction device becomes possible because it is possible to dispense with the transmission devices or the further transmission elements for converting the frequency.

Der Direktantrieb ermöglicht es, eine Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung anzugeben, die wesentlich kleiner und leichter ist als beispielsweise ein konventioneller Stampfer bzw. eine konventionelle Vibrationsplatte mit Getriebevorrichtung. Insbesondere kann ein geringeres Gewicht der Obermasse erreicht werden, wodurch sich ein niedriger Schwerpunkt und damit bessere Führungseigenschaften ergeben. Durch die geringere mechanische Komplexität des Gesamtsystems werden geringere Herstellkosten erreicht.The direct drive makes it possible to provide a soil compaction device which is substantially smaller and lighter than, for example, a conventional rammer or a conventional vibration plate with gear device. In particular, a lower weight of the upper mass can be achieved, resulting in a lower center of gravity and thus better leadership properties. Due to the lower mechanical complexity of the overall system lower production costs are achieved.

Im Arbeitsbetrieb ermöglicht der Direktantrieb und insbesondere die direkte Verbindung des Elektromotors mit dem Stampfsystem eine effektive, genaue und geräuscharme Übertragung der Antriebsbewegung auf das Bodenkontaktelement. Hierdurch wird ein geräusch- und wartungsarmer Betrieb mit hohem Wirkungsgrad des Gesamtsystems möglich, in dem wenig Verschleiß auftritt.During operation, the direct drive, and in particular the direct connection of the electric motor with the ramming system allows an effective, accurate and low-noise transmission of the drive movement to the ground contact element. As a result, a low-noise and low-maintenance operation with high efficiency of the overall system is possible in which little wear occurs.

In einer Ausführungsform weist der Elektromotor einen Gleichstrommotor, Drehstrommotor oder Wechselstrommotor mit hoher Polpaarzahl auf. Beispielsweise kann der Gleich-, Dreh- oder Wechselstrommotor wenigstens zwei, drei, vier, fünf, acht oder zehn Polpaare bestehend aus jeweils einem Nord- und einem Südpol aufweisen. Beispielsweise kann der Gleich-, Dreh- oder Wechselstrommotor mindestens 8 Pole oder eine Polpaarzahl von wenigstens 8 Polpaaren aufweisen.In one embodiment, the electric motor has a DC motor, AC motor or AC motor with a high number of pole pairs. For example, the DC, rotary or AC motor can be at least two, three, four, five, have eight or ten pairs of poles each consisting of a north and a south pole. For example, the DC, rotary or AC motor may have at least 8 poles or a pole pair number of at least 8 pole pairs.

Insbesondere kann durch eine große Anzahl von Polpaaren ein Elektromotor mit einer niedrigen, beispielsweise der Arbeitsfrequenz der Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung angepassten Drehzahl erreicht werden. Gleichzeitig erhöht sich das Drehmoment des Elektromotors, und zwar im Wesentlichen proportional zur Polpaaranzahl. Demzufolge wird gleichzeitig ein hohes Antriebsmoment erreicht, das zum Antreiben des Bodenkontaktelements in die Arbeitsbewegung geeignet ist. Folglich ist ein Dreh- oder Wechselstrommotor mit hoher Polpaarzahl geeignet, um einen Direktantrieb der Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung zu ermöglichen.In particular, can be achieved by a large number of pole pairs, an electric motor with a low, for example, the operating frequency of the soil compacting device adapted speed. At the same time, the torque of the electric motor increases, essentially in proportion to the number of pole pairs. As a result, a high drive torque is simultaneously achieved, which is suitable for driving the ground contact element in the working movement. Consequently, a high pole-pair rotating or alternating current motor is suitable for enabling direct drive of the soil compaction device.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform weist der Elektromotor einen Torquemotor auf.In a further embodiment, the electric motor has a torque motor.

Ein Torquemotor ist ein drehmomentstarker Magnetmotor oder geschalteter Reluktanzmotor bzw. ein langsam laufender Elektromotor wie z.B. ein Elektro-Asynchronmotor mit hoher Polpaaranzahl. Entsprechend den obigen Überlegungen weisen Torquemotoren hohe Drehmomente bei kleinen Drehzahlen auf. Dies kann in der oben beschriebenen Weise für den Direktantrieb der Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung genutzt werden.A torque motor is a high-torque magnetic motor or switched reluctance motor or a slow-speed electric motor such. an electric asynchronous motor with a high number of pole pairs. In accordance with the above considerations, torque motors have high torques at low speeds. This can be used in the manner described above for the direct drive of the soil compacting device.

Torquemotoren können als bürstenlose Gleichstrommotoren ausgeführt sein und können als Außenläufer mit innenliegendem Stator und außenliegendem Rotor sowie als Innenläufer mit innenliegendem Rotor und außenliegendem Stator gestaltet sein. Ihr großes Antriebsmoment kann hohe Beschleunigungen bewirken und führt zu einer hohen Dynamik des Arbeitsverhaltens der Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung. Das bereits beim Start vorliegende hohe Anlaufmoment ermöglicht es, die Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung allein durch den Torquemotor zu starten. Die hohe Antriebssteifigkeit der Torquemotoren lässt im Wesentlichen kein Spiel zu, weswegen Torquemotoren gute Regeleigenschaften aufweisen, die es ermöglichen, die Arbeitsanforderungen an die Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung genau umzusetzen.Torque motors can be designed as brushless DC motors and can be designed as external rotor with internal stator and external rotor and as internal rotor with internal rotor and external stator. Their large drive torque can cause high accelerations and leads to a high dynamics of the working behavior of the soil compacting device. The high starting torque already present at the start makes it possible to start the soil compacting device solely by the torque motor. The high drive stiffness of the torque motors allows essentially no play, which is why torque motors have good control properties, which make it possible to accurately implement the work requirements of the soil compacting device.

Dem Torquemotor kann ein elektronischer Frequenzumformer vorgelagert sein, der einen Speisestrom mit einer geeigneten Frequenz zum Betreiben des Torquemotors bereitstellt.The torque motor may be preceded by an electronic frequency converter, which provides a supply current with a suitable frequency for operating the torque motor.

Trotz der vergleichsweise hohen Anschaffungskosten für Torquemotoren kann das Gesamtsystem der Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung preisgünstig gestaltet werden, da zusätzliche Kosten beispielsweise für Getriebe und weitere Übertragungsglieder entfallen können.Despite the comparatively high purchase costs for torque motors, the overall system of the soil compacting device can be designed inexpensively, since additional costs, for example, for gearboxes and other transmission elements can be omitted.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform weist der Elektromotor einen Asynchronmotor mit hoher Polpaarzahl und/oder einen Kurzschlussläufer-Antriebsmotor mit hoher Polpaarzahl auf. Beispielsweise können der Asynchronmotor bzw. der Kurzschlussläufer-Antriebsmotor 2, 3, 4, 5,8, 10 oder mehr Polpaare aufweisen. Insbesondere kann der Asynchronmotor bzw. der Kurzschlussläufer-Antriebsmotor mindestens 8 Pole oder eine Polpaarzahl von wenigstens 8 Polpaaren aufweisen.In a further embodiment, the electric motor has an asynchronous motor with a high number of pole pairs and / or a squirrel cage drive motor with a high number of pole pairs. For example, the asynchronous motor or the squirrel-cage drive motor 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10 or more pole pairs have. In particular, the asynchronous motor or the squirrel cage drive motor may have at least 8 poles or a pole pair number of at least 8 pole pairs.

Die Verwendung von Asynchronmotoren bzw. Kurzschlussläufer-Antriebsmotoren ermöglicht eine kostengünstige Gestaltung der Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung. Das Vorsehen einer hohen Polpaarzahl ermöglicht es, einen drehmomentstarken Antrieb mit einer niedrigen Drehzahl anzugeben, der einen Direktantrieb des Bodenkontaktelements der Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung ermöglicht. Der Asynchronmotor bzw. Kurzschlussläufer-Antriebsmotor kann beispielsweise derart gestaltet sein, dass bei einem Betrieb mit der Netzfrequenz beispielsweise des öffentlichen Stromnetzes ein Direktantrieb des Bodenkontaktelements mit einer geeigneten Stampffrequenz möglich ist. Alternativ kann auch ein Frequenzumformer zum Umwandeln der Netzfrequenz vorgesehen sein, um einen Betrieb der Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung mit einer geeigneten Arbeitsbewegung des Bodenkontaktelements zu ermöglichen, beispielsweise bei Speisung des Elektromotors aus dem öffentlichen Stromnetz oder aus einem Akkumulator mit Gleichstrom-Wechselstromwandlung.The use of asynchronous motors or squirrel-cage drive motors enables a cost-effective design of the soil compacting device. The provision of a high number of pole pairs makes it possible to provide a high-torque drive with a low speed, which allows a direct drive of the ground contact element of the soil compacting device. The asynchronous motor or squirrel-cage drive motor can be designed, for example, such that when operated at the mains frequency, for example of the public power grid, a direct drive of the ground contact element with a suitable stamping frequency is possible. Alternatively, a frequency converter for converting the mains frequency may be provided to allow operation of the soil compacting device with a suitable working movement of the ground contact element, for example when feeding the electric motor from the public power grid or from a battery with DC-AC conversion.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform kann der Elektromotor einen sensorkommutierten bürstenlosen Magnetmotor mit einer elektronischen Steuervorrichtung aufweisen bzw. als solcher ausgebildet sein.In a further embodiment, the electric motor may comprise or be configured as a sensor-commutated brushless magnet motor with an electronic control device.

Ein sensorkommutierter, bürstenloser Magnetmotor mit elektronischer Ansteuerung besitzt Sensoren zur Bestimmung der Lage eines Rotors des Elektromotors relativ zum Statorfeld. Dadurch können die Statorspulen abhängig von der aktuellen Rotorstellung und gemäß einer Bewegungsanforderung bestromt werden.A sensor-commutated, brushless magnetic motor with electronic control has sensors for determining the position of a rotor of the electric motor relative to the stator field. As a result, the stator coils can be energized depending on the current rotor position and according to a movement request.

Als Sensoren können beispielsweise Hall-Sensoren zur Erfassung des magnetischen Flusses des Rotors oder optische Sensoren im Bereich des Stators verwendet werden. Beispielsweise können die Signale der Sensoren über einen Inkremetalgeber, beispielsweise mit Nullsetzen bei vorgegebener Rotorstellung, ausgegeben werden.Hall sensors for detecting the magnetic flux of the rotor or optical sensors in the region of the stator can be used as sensors, for example. For example, the signals of the sensors via an incremental encoder, for example, with zero setting at a given rotor position, output.

Aus den Sensorsignalen kann die Steuerungsvorrichtung die Lage des Rotors und damit bei einem direkt wirkenden Antrieb auch die Stellung des Bodenkontaktelements, d.h. des Stampffußes, relativ zum Bodenverdichter und damit auch relativ zum Boden bestimmen. Auf Basis dieser Stellungsinformation kann die elektronische Steuervorrichtung über geeignete Leistungstreiber die Wicklungen geeignet ansteuern bzw. bestromen, die im Rotor ein Drehmoment erzeugen. Diese Ansteuerung kann abhängig von einer Bewegungsanforderung des Stampfers und/oder abhängig von Lage des Rotors bzw. Stellung des Stampffußes vorgenommen werden. Dies wird im Folgenden als sensorgesteuerte Kommutierung bezeichnet.From the sensor signals, the control device can determine the position of the rotor and thus, in the case of a direct-acting drive, also the position of the ground contact element, i. of the padfoot, relative to the soil compactor and thus determine relative to the ground. Based on this position information, the electronic control device can suitably control or energize the windings, which generate a torque in the rotor, via suitable power drivers. This control can be made depending on a movement request of the rammer and / or depending on the position of the rotor or position of the padfoot. This is referred to below as sensor-controlled commutation.

Durch die sensorgesteuerte Kommutierung kann eine bedarfsgerechte Steuerung der Arbeitsfrequenz der Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung erreicht werden und eine Arbeitsbewegung des Bodenkontaktelements direkt beeinflusst werden. Die sensorgesteuerte Kommutierung funktioniert auch bei sehr geringen Drehzahlen bzw. im Stand. Gewöhnlich werden dabei, insbesondere bei drei oder mehr Phasen, nicht alle Phasen zugleich bestromt, so dass zu jedem Zeitpunkt zumindest eine Phase stromlos sein kann.By the sensor-controlled commutation a needs-based control of the working frequency of the soil compaction device can be achieved and a working movement of the soil contact element can be directly influenced. The sensor-controlled commutation works even at very low speeds or in the state. Usually, not all phases are energized at the same time, especially in three or more phases, so that at any time at least one phase can be de-energized.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform kann eine Antriebsbewegung des Elektromotors über einen Kurbeltrieb auf die Bodenkontaktplatte übertragbar sein. Insbesondere kann ein Pleuel des Kurbeltriebs exzentrisch an einer Rotorvorrichtung des Elektromotors angekoppelt sein. Das Ankoppeln kann beispielsweise mittels eines Kurbelzapfens erreicht werden, welcher exzentrisch an der Rotorvorrichtung des Elektromotors angeordnet ist.In a further embodiment, a drive movement of the electric motor can be transmitted to the ground contact plate via a crank drive. In particular, a connecting rod of the crank mechanism can be eccentrically coupled to a rotor device of the electric motor. The coupling can be achieved for example by means of a crank pin, which is arranged eccentrically on the rotor device of the electric motor.

Insbesondere kann der Elektromotor eine drehfest angeordnete Statorvorrichtung und eine relativ zur Statorvorrichtung drehbare Rotorvorrichtung aufweisen, wobei die Rotorvorrichtung bezüglich der Statorvorrichtung durch Einwirkung des eingespeisten Dreh- oder Wechselstroms dreh- bzw. rotorierbar ist. Das Pleuel des Kurbeltriebs kann an der Rotorvorrichtung angekoppelt sein, beispielsweise mittels des exzentrisch an der Rotorvorrichtung angeordneten Kurbelzapfens. Dieser kann eine robuste Verbindung zwischen der Rotorvorrichtung und dem Pleuel bilden.In particular, the electric motor may have a rotatably arranged stator device and a rotor device rotatable relative to the stator device, wherein the rotor device is rotatable or rotatable with respect to the stator device by the action of the supplied rotary or alternating current. The connecting rod of the crank mechanism may be coupled to the rotor device, for example by means of the eccentrically arranged on the rotor device crank pin. This can form a robust connection between the rotor device and the connecting rod.

Durch die direkte Verbindung des Pleuels mit der Rotorvorrichtung wird eine direkte Übertragung des Antriebsmoments des Elektromotors auf das Pleuel und über das Pleuel auf das Bodenkontaktelement erreicht, ohne dass Getriebevorrichtungen oder weitere Übertragungsglieder benötigt werden. Hierdurch kann die Antriebsbewegung effektiv und störungsfrei auf das Bodenkontaktelement übertragen werden. Weiterhin kann das Pleuel in einem Betrieb der Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung geeignet durch den Rotor geführt werden. Hierdurch können Störeinflüsse aus dem Arbeitsbetrieb der Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung, beispielsweise Reflexionen des Bodenkontaktelements von bearbeitendem Erdreich, aufgefangen und eingedämmt werden.Due to the direct connection of the connecting rod with the rotor device, a direct transmission of the drive torque of the electric motor to the connecting rod and via the connecting rod to the ground contact element is achieved without requiring gear devices or further transmission elements. As a result, the drive movement can be effectively and smoothly transmitted to the ground contact element. Furthermore, the connecting rod can be suitably guided through the rotor in an operation of the soil compacting device. As a result, interference from the working operation of the soil compacting device, for example reflections of the soil contact element of working soil, can be absorbed and contained.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform können der Elektromotor und der Kurbeltrieb baulich integriert sein.In a further embodiment, the electric motor and the crank drive can be structurally integrated.

Beispielsweise kann die Rotorvorrichtung des Elektromotors einen Exzenter, zum Beispiel eine Exzenterscheibe, aufweisen, an der das Pleuel beispielsweise mittels des Kurbelzapfens befestigt ist. Dies ermöglicht eine besonders kompakte und robuste, kostengünstige und verschleißarme Konstruktion der Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung.For example, the rotor device of the electric motor may have an eccentric, for example an eccentric disk, to which the connecting rod is fastened, for example, by means of the crank pin. This allows a particularly compact and robust, low-cost and low-wear construction of the soil compacting device.

In einer weiteren Variante kann ein elektrischer Energiespeicher und/oder eine Anschlusseinrichtung zum Anschließen an eine Stromquelle vorgesehen sein. Der Elektromotor kann aus dem elektrischen Energiespeicher und/oder aus der Stromquelle mit elektrischer Energie versorgbar sein.In a further variant, an electrical energy store and / or a connection device can be provided for connection to a current source. The electric motor can be supplied with electrical energy from the electrical energy store and / or from the current source.

Die Stromquelle kann beispielsweise durch ein öffentliches Energieversorgungsnetz und/oder einen Generator bereitgestellt sein. Die Nutzung einer beispielsweise extern außerhalb der Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung angeordneten Stromquelle ermöglicht es, die Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung nach Verbindung mit der Stromquelle abgas- und geräuscharm und somit schonend für den Bediener und die Umwelt zu betreiben. Die Verwendung eines internen, also an der Bodenvorrichtung angeordneten elektrischen Energiespeichers, der durch Verbindung mit einer externen elektrischen Stromquelle ladbar sein kann, ermöglicht darüber hinaus den kabellosen Betrieb der Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung unabhängig von einem Zugang zur Stromquelle.The power source may be provided, for example, by a public power grid and / or a generator. The use of a power source arranged externally, for example, outside the soil compacting device makes it possible to operate the soil compaction device with low emissions and low noise and thus gentle on the operator and the environment after connection to the power source. The use of an internal electrical energy store which is thus arranged on the ground device and which can be loadable by connection to an external electrical current source, furthermore makes it possible to operate the ground compacting device independently of the cable independently of access to the current source.

In einer Variante dieser Ausführungsform kann ein Frequenzumformer zum Erzeugen eines Dreh- oder Wechselstroms für den Elektromotor mit einer vorbestimmten oder durch den Bediener wählbaren Frequenz vorgesehen sein.In a variant of this embodiment, a frequency converter for generating a rotary or alternating current for the electric motor may be provided at a predetermined or selectable by the operator frequency.

Beispielsweise kann der Frequenzumformer mit dem Elektromotor baulich integriert sein, was einen einfachen Aufbau der Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung mit geringem Bauraum ermöglicht. Ebenso ist es möglich, den Frequenzumformer getrennt vom Elektromotor vorzusehen, oder einen externen Frequenzumformer zum Bereitstellen eines Speisestroms mit der vom Elektromotor benötigten Frequenz vorzusehen. Die Frequenz des Speisestroms kann beispielsweise steuerbar in Bezug auf Arbeitsanforderungen an die Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung sein.For example, the frequency converter can be structurally integrated with the electric motor, which allows a simple construction of the soil compacting device with a small installation space. It is also possible to provide the frequency converter separate from the electric motor, or to provide an external frequency converter for providing a supply current with the frequency required by the electric motor. For example, the frequency of the feed stream may be controllable with respect to work demands on the soil compacting device.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform kann der Antrieb einen weiteren Motor aufweisen, und der weitere Motor alternativ oder zusätzlich zum Elektromotor betreibbar sein. Der weitere Motor kann ein weiterer Elektromotor oder ein Verbrennungsmotor sein.In a further embodiment, the drive can have a further motor, and the further motor can be operated alternatively or in addition to the electric motor. The further engine may be another electric motor or an internal combustion engine.

Die Verwendung des weiteren Motors ermöglicht es, die Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung bedarfsgerecht anzutreiben. Beispielsweise können der Elektromotor und der weitere Motor alternativ oder gleichzeitig die Arbeitsbewegung des Bodenkontaktelements antreiben, beispielsweise durch alternatives oder gleichzeitiges Einwirken auf das Pleuel. Hierfür kann beispielsweise eine gekröpfte Welle mit mehreren Kurbelzapfen zum Antrieb durch mehrere Motoren vorgesehen sein.The use of the further motor makes it possible to drive the soil compacting device as needed. For example, the electric motor and the further motor can alternatively or simultaneously drive the working movement of the ground contact element, for example by alternative or simultaneous action on the connecting rod. For this purpose, for example, a cranked shaft with a plurality of crankpins may be provided for driving by a plurality of motors.

Das Vorsehen eines Verbrennungsmotors zusätzlich zum Elektromotor ermöglicht einen Hybridantrieb der Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung beispielsweise in Abhängigkeit davon, ob ein elektrischer Energiespeicher geladen, eine externe Stromquelle verfügbar und/oder ob ein Tankbehälter des Verbrennungsmotors betankt ist. Hierdurch wird eine größtmögliche Unabhängigkeit von der Verfügbarkeit der Energiequellen und damit eine hohe Verfügbarkeit der Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung in unterschiedlichen Anwendungsszenarien erreicht.The provision of an internal combustion engine in addition to the electric motor enables a hybrid drive of the soil compacting device, for example, depending on whether an electrical energy store is charged, an external power source available and / or if a tank container of the internal combustion engine is refueled. This achieves the greatest possible independence from the availability of the energy sources and thus a high availability of the soil compacting device in different application scenarios.

In einem Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung weist die Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung eine Obermasse, eine mit der Obermasse durch eine Federeinrichtung gekoppelte Untermasse mit einem Bodenkontaktelement und einem Antrieb zum Erzeugen einer Antriebsbewegung des Bodenkontaktelements auf. Der Antrieb weist einen Elektromotor auf, und eine Antriebsfrequenz einer von dem Elektromotor erzeugten Antriebsbewegung ist gleich einer Frequenz der Arbeitsbewegung des Bodenkontaktelements. Beispielsweise kann die Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung jeder der oben diskutierten Ausführungsformen und Varianten entsprechen. Das Verfahren weist ein Einspeisen eines Dreh- oder Wechselstroms in den Elektromotor und ein Übertragen der Antriebsbewegung des Elektromotors in eine Arbeitsbewegung des Bodenkontaktelements mit gleicher Frequenz auf.In a method for operating a soil compacting device, the soil compaction device has an upper mass, a lower mass coupled to the upper mass by a spring device with a ground contact element and a drive for generating a drive movement of the ground contact element. The drive has an electric motor, and a drive frequency of a drive motion generated by the electric motor is equal to a frequency of the working movement of the ground contact element. For example, the soil compacting device may correspond to any of the embodiments and variants discussed above. The method comprises injecting a rotary or alternating current into the electric motor and transmitting the drive movement of the Electric motor in a working movement of the ground contact element with the same frequency.

Das Verfahren ermöglicht somit den Betrieb einer Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung mit einem Direktantrieb, bei dem eine Drehfrequenz eines Antriebselements des Elektromotors einer Frequenz der Arbeitsbewegung der Bodenkontaktplatte entspricht.The method thus enables the operation of a ground compaction device with a direct drive, in which a rotational frequency of a drive element of the electric motor corresponds to a frequency of the working movement of the ground contact plate.

In einer Ausführungsform des Verfahrens zum Betreiben der Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung kann nach einem Kraftstoß der Bodenkontaktplatte (z.B. auf einen zu verdichtenden Boden) ein Ansteuern des Elektromotors zum Erzeugen von wenigstens einer weiteren Antriebsbewegung einer Antriebswelle des Elektromotors vorgesehen sein. Die weitere Antriebsbewegung kann dazu ausgelegt sein, wenigstens einen weiteren Kraftstoß der Bodenkontaktplatte (z.B. auf den zu verdichtenden Boden) zu erzeugen, wobei die weitere Antriebsbewegung eine höhere Antriebsfrequenz aufweist als eine Antriebsfrequenz der Antriebswelle im Moment des Kraftstoßes.In an embodiment of the method for operating the soil compacting device, after a force impact of the ground contact plate (e.g., on a soil to be compacted), the electric motor may be driven to produce at least one further driving movement of a drive shaft of the electric motor. The further drive movement may be configured to generate at least one further impact of the ground contact plate (e.g., the soil to be compacted), the further drive motion having a higher drive frequency than a drive frequency of the drive shaft at the moment of impact.

Die höhere Antriebsfrequenz der weiteren Antriebsbewegung kann deutlich und wesentlich höher sein als die Antriebsfrequenz im Moment des Kraftstoßes. Beispielsweise kann die höhere Antriebsfrequenz um wenigstens 30% höher sein als die Antriebsfrequenz im Moment des Kraftstoßes.The higher drive frequency of the further drive movement can be significantly and significantly higher than the drive frequency at the moment of the power surge. For example, the higher drive frequency may be at least 30% higher than the drive frequency at the moment of the power surge.

Diese Ausführungsform ermöglicht das Setzen eines Mehrfach-Stoßes der Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung sowie ein Nachschlagen. Dabei können unmittelbar nach dem Kraftstoß, den der Stampffuß auf den Boden ausübt, weitere Kraftstöße erzeugt werden. Dies wird durch geeignete Moderation des Antriebs nach dem Aufsetzen des Stampffußes auf dem Boden, und zwar insbesondere durch eine geeignete elektromagnetische Anregung des Antriebsmotors erreicht. Da die Antriebsbewegung des Antriebsmotors mit gleicher Frequenz bzw. starr auf den Stampffuß übertragen wird, ist eine exakte Steuerung des Mehrfach-Stoßes bzw. Nahschlagens möglich. Beispielsweise kann der Antriebsmotor derart angesteuert werden, dass eine Folge rasch aufeinander folgender Drehimpulse der Antriebswelle/Rotorwelle mit sehr hoher Antriebsfrequenz erzeugt und auf den Stampffuß übertragen wird.This embodiment enables the setting of a multiple impact of the soil compacting device as well as a lookup. In this case, further power surges can be generated immediately after the impulse, which the padfoot exerts on the ground. This is achieved by suitable moderation of the drive after placing the padfoot on the ground, in particular by a suitable electromagnetic excitation of the drive motor. Since the drive movement of the drive motor with the same frequency or rigidly transmitted to the padfoot, an exact control of the multiple impact or Nahschlagens is possible. For example, the drive motor can be controlled such that a series of rapidly successive rotational pulses of the drive shaft / rotor shaft is generated at a very high drive frequency and transmitted to the padfoot.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform des Verfahrens zum Betreiben der Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung kann die weitere Antriebsbewegung wenigstens eine Teilbewegung mit einer Drehrichtung der Antriebswelle entgegengesetzt zu einer Drehrichtung der Antriebswelle im Moment des Kraftstoßes aufweisen.In a further embodiment of the method for operating the soil compaction device, the further drive movement can be at least one partial movement having a direction of rotation of the drive shaft opposite to a direction of rotation of the drive shaft at the moment of impact.

Dies ermöglicht es, bei der genannten Folge rasch aufeinander folgender Drehimpulse mit hoher Antriebsfrequenz auch Drehbewegungen der Antriebswelle/Rotorwelle mit gegenläufiger Drehrichtung auszuführen. Dies ermöglicht ein sehr schnelles Nachschlagen, da der Drehzyklus vor dem Nachschlagen nicht abgeschlossen werden muss, sondern kurzfristig, auch mehrfach, umgekehrt werden kann. Dies ermöglicht es, beispielsweise gemäß einer Bedieneranforderung eine sehr schnelle Folge kurzer Stampfbewegungen zu erzeugen.This makes it possible to carry out rotational movements of the drive shaft / rotor shaft with opposite direction of rotation in the said sequence of rapidly successive rotational pulses with a high drive frequency. This allows a very quick reference, since the rotation cycle does not have to be completed before looking up, but can be reversed at short notice, even several times. This makes it possible, for example, to generate a very fast sequence of short pitching movements in accordance with an operator request.

Dadurch wird der zu verdichtende Boden durch den Stampffuß/ das Bodenkontaktelement mehrfach und mit schnell aufeinanderfolgenden Stoßimpulsen zusammengedrückt, was zu einer zusätzlichen Verdichtung des Erdreichs führt. Besonders die Tatsache, dass dabei durch den bereits erfolgten Kontakt des Stampffußes zum Erdboden keine bzw. nur noch eine minimale Reflexion des Kraftimpulses auftritt, kann eine sehr effektive Verdichtung des Erdbodens erreicht werden.As a result, the soil to be compacted is repeatedly compressed by the padfoot / soil contact element and with rapidly successive shock pulses, which leads to additional compaction of the soil. In particular, the fact that there is no or only a minimal reflection of the force pulse due to the already made contact of the padfoot to the ground, a very effective compaction of the soil can be achieved.

Diese und weitere Merkmale der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand von Beispielen unter Zuhilfenahme der begleitenden Figur näher erläutert. Die

Figur
zeigt eine Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung, wobei eine Arbeitsbewegung einer Bodenkontaktplatte der Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung durch einen mit einer Frequenz der Arbeitsbewegung gleichlaufenden Elektromotor erzeugt wird.
These and further features of the invention are explained in more detail below by means of examples with the aid of the accompanying figure. The
figure
shows a soil compaction device, wherein a working movement of a ground contact plate of the soil compaction device is generated by a concurrent with a frequency of the working movement electric motor.

Die Figur zeigt schematisch in einer seitlichen Schnittansicht einen als Bodenverdichtungsvorrichtung dienenden Stampfer 1, bei welchem in einem Gehäuse 2 ein Elektromotor 3 vorgesehen ist. Der Elektromotor 3 weist einen Stator 4 und einen relativ zum Stator 4 drehbaren Rotor 5 auf und wird aus einem am Stampfer 1 angeordneten elektrischen Energiespeicher 6 gespeist.The figure shows schematically in a lateral sectional view serving as a soil compacting rammer 1, in which a housing 2, an electric motor 3 is provided. The electric motor 3 has a stator 4 and a rotor 5 rotatable relative to the stator 4 and is fed from an electrical energy store 6 arranged on the rammer 1.

Mit dem Rotor 5 baulich integriert ist eine Exzenterscheibe 7, an der exzentrisch ein Kurbelzapfen 8 angeordnet ist. Mit dem Kurbelzapfen 8 verbunden ist ein Pleuel 9 zum Umsetzen der rotatorischen Antriebsbewegung des Rotors 5 in eine translatorische und oszillatorische Auf- und Abbewegung, und zum Übertragen der Auf- und Abbewegung auf einen mit dem Pleuel 9 über Federpakete 10 und 11 gekoppelten Stampffuß 12, an dem als Bodenkontaktelement eine Bodenkontaktplatte 13 angeordnet ist.Structurally integrated with the rotor 5 is an eccentric disk 7, on which eccentrically a crank pin 8 is arranged. Connected to the crank pin 8 is a connecting rod 9 for converting the rotary drive movement of the rotor 5 in a translational and oscillatory up and down movement, and for transmitting the up and down movement on a coupled to the connecting rod 9 via spring packs 10 and 11 padfoot 12, on which a ground contact plate 13 is arranged as the ground contact element.

In einem Arbeitsbetrieb des Stampfers 1 wird eine vorab in dem an einem Führungsbügel 14 des Stampfers 1 angeordneten elektrischen Energiespeicher 6 gespeicherte elektrische Energie zur Erzeugung eines Wechsel- oder Drehstroms beispielsweise mit Hilfe eines Frequenzumformers genutzt. Der Wechsel- oder Drehstrom wird als Speisestrom dem Stator 4 des Elektromotors 3 zugeführt. Hierdurch werden wechselnde Magnetfelder im Bereich des Rotors 5 erzeugt und der Rotor 5 in bekannter Weise in eine Drehbewegung versetzt, die Antriebsbewegung des Elektromotors 3.In a working operation of the rammer 1, a stored electrical energy stored in advance in the arranged on a guide bracket 14 of the rammer 1 electrical energy storage 6 electrical energy for generating a alternating or three-phase current, for example by means of a frequency converter. The alternating or three-phase current is supplied as a supply current to the stator 4 of the electric motor 3. As a result, alternating magnetic fields in the region of the rotor 5 are generated and the rotor 5 is set in a known manner in a rotational movement, the drive movement of the electric motor. 3

Eine Drehfrequenz des Rotors 5 bzw. Antriebsfrequenz der Antriebsbewegung wird dabei direkt durch eine Frequenz des dem Stator 4 zugeführten Wechsel- oder Drehstroms bedingt. Die Antriebs- bzw. Drehbewegung des Rotors 5, welcher baulich mit dem durch die Exzenterscheibe 7, den Kurbelzapfen 8 und das Pleuel 9 gebildeten Kurbelbetrieb integriert ist, wird gleichlaufend, also mit gleicher Frequenz in eine Arbeitsbewegung des Stampffußes 12 und der daran angeordneten Bodenkontaktplatte 13 umgesetzt. Hierdurch wird ein Direktantrieb der Bodenkontaktplatte 13 durch den Elektromotor 3 mit gleichlaufender Frequenz erreicht.A rotational frequency of the rotor 5 or drive frequency of the drive movement is caused directly by a frequency of the stator 4 supplied alternating or three-phase current. The drive or rotational movement of the rotor 5, which is structurally integrated with the crank mechanism formed by the eccentric disc 7, the crank pin 8 and the connecting rod 9, is concurrently, ie with the same frequency in a working movement of the padfoot 12 and the ground contact plate 13 arranged thereon implemented. As a result, a direct drive of the ground contact plate 13 is achieved by the electric motor 3 with synchronous frequency.

Der Direktantrieb ermöglicht es, den Stampfer 1 ohne weitere Getriebevorrichtungen bzw. ohne weitere frequenzumsetzende Übertragungsglieder zu gestalten. Hierdurch wird eine geringere Komplexität des Gesamtsystems erreicht, welche zu geringen Herstellkosten, geringen Wartungsaufwänden, einem hohen Gesamtwirkungsgrad und einer hohen Zuverlässigkeit des Stampers 1 führt. Die Konstruktion ist geräusch- und verschleißarm und weist weiterhin einen im Vergleich zu herkömmlich angetriebenen Stampfern niedrigen Schwerpunkt und damit ein verbessertes Führungsverhalten auf.The direct drive makes it possible to design the tamper 1 without further transmission devices or without further frequency-converting transmission elements. As a result, a lower complexity of the overall system is achieved, which leads to low production costs, low maintenance costs, a high overall efficiency and a high reliability of the stampers 1. The construction is low in noise and wear and also has a low center of gravity compared to conventionally driven rammers and thus improved leadership.

Der Elektromotor 3 kann beispielsweise einen Dreh- oder Wechselstrommotor mit hoher Polpaarzahl, einen Torquemotor, einen Asynchronmotor mit hoher Polpaarzahl und/oder einen Kurzschlussläufer-Antriebsmotors mit hoher Polpaarzahl aufweisen.The electric motor 3 may have, for example, a rotary or alternating current motor with a high number of pole pairs, a torque motor, an asynchronous motor with a high pole pair number and / or a squirrel cage drive motor with a high number of pole pairs.

Claims (12)

  1. Ground-compacting device (1) having
    - an upper mass (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) and a lower mass (12, 13) coupled to the upper mass (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) by a spring device (10, 11) and having a ground-contacting element (13) and
    - a drive (3, 4, 5) for generating a working movement of the ground-contacting element (13), wherein
    - the drive comprises an electric motor (3, 4, 5),
    - a drive frequency of a driving movement, generated by the electric motor (3, 4, 5), is identical to a frequency of the working movement of the ground-contacting element (13),
    - the driving movement of the electric motor (3, 4, 5) can be transferred to the ground-contacting element (13) via a crank drive (7, 8, 9), and wherein
    - a connection rod (9) of the crank drive is eccentrically coupled directly to a rotor device (5) of the electric motor (3, 4, 5).
  2. Ground-compacting device (1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein
    - the electric motor (3, 4, 5) comprises a direct current motor, three-phase motor or alternating current motor having a high number of pole pairs.
  3. Ground-compacting device (1) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein
    - the electric motor (3, 4, 5) comprises a torque motor.
  4. Ground-compacting device (1) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein
    - the electric motor (3, 4, 5) comprises an asynchronous motor having a high number of pole pairs and/or a squirrel cage drive motor having a high number of pole pairs.
  5. Ground-compacting device (1) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein
    - the electric motor (3, 4, 5) comprises a sensor-commutated, brushless magnetic motor having an electronic controller.
  6. Ground-compacting device (1) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein
    - the electric motor (3, 4, 5) and the crank drive (7, 8, 9) are structurally integrated.
  7. Ground-compacting device (1) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein
    - an electrical energy store and/or a connecting device for connecting to a current source is/are provided, and
    - the electric motor (3, 4, 5) can be supplied with electrical energy from the electrical energy store (6) and/or from the current source.
  8. Ground-compacting device (1) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, having
    - a frequency converter for generating a three-phase current or alternating current for the electric motor (3, 4, 5) having a predetermined frequency.
  9. Ground-compacting device (1) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein
    - the drive comprises a further motor and the further motor can be operated as an alternative to or in addition to the electric motor (3, 4, 5), and wherein
    - the further motor is a further electric motor or an internal combustion engine.
  10. Method for operating a ground-compacting device (1) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the ground-compacting device comprises an upper mass (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9), a lower mass (12, 13) coupled to the upper mass (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) by a spring device and having a ground-contacting element (13), and a drive (3, 4, 5) for generating a working movement of the ground-contacting element (13), wherein the drive comprises an electric motor (3, 4, 5), and wherein a drive frequency of a driving movement, generated by the electric motor (3, 4, 5), is identical to a frequency of the working movement of the ground-contacting element (13), comprising the steps of
    - feeding a three-phase current or alternating current to the electric motor (3, 4, 5);
    - translating the driving movement of the electric motor (3, 4, 5) into a working movement of the ground-contacting element (13) with identical frequency.
  11. Method for operating a ground-compacting device (1) as claimed in claim 10, comprising the step of
    - actuating, after an impulse of the ground-contacting plate, the electric motor to generate at least one further driving movement of a drive shaft of the electric motor, wherein the further driving movement is configured to generate at least one further impulse of the ground-contacting plate, and wherein the further driving movement has a higher drive frequency than the drive frequency of the drive shaft at the time of the impulse.
  12. Method for operating a ground-compacting device (1) as claimed in claim 10 or 11, wherein
    - the further driving movement comprises at least one partial movement with a direction of rotation of the drive shaft being opposite to a direction of rotation of the drive shaft at the time of the impulse.
EP14003744.1A 2013-12-12 2014-11-06 Soil compactor with direct drive Active EP2884005B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DE102013020857.2A DE102013020857A1 (en) 2013-12-12 2013-12-12 Ground compactor with direct drive

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EP2884005A1 EP2884005A1 (en) 2015-06-17
EP2884005B1 true EP2884005B1 (en) 2016-10-26

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CN104711920A (en) 2015-06-17
CN104711920B (en) 2019-04-09
US9175447B2 (en) 2015-11-03
EP2884005A1 (en) 2015-06-17
US20150167259A1 (en) 2015-06-18

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