WO2018214518A1 - 隧道落石塌方的智能钢拱架柔性防护装置 - Google Patents

隧道落石塌方的智能钢拱架柔性防护装置 Download PDF

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WO2018214518A1
WO2018214518A1 PCT/CN2018/072077 CN2018072077W WO2018214518A1 WO 2018214518 A1 WO2018214518 A1 WO 2018214518A1 CN 2018072077 W CN2018072077 W CN 2018072077W WO 2018214518 A1 WO2018214518 A1 WO 2018214518A1
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Prior art keywords
flexible
arch
tunnel
flexible protection
protection device
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李术才
许振浩
王欣桐
黄鑫
林春金
潘东东
林鹏
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Shandong University
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Shandong University
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Priority to US16/072,086 priority Critical patent/US10513924B2/en
Publication of WO2018214518A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018214518A1/zh
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/003—Linings or provisions thereon, specially adapted for traffic tunnels, e.g. with built-in cleaning devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/12—Temporary supports for use during building; Accessories
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
    • E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
    • E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
    • E21D11/383—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating by applying waterproof flexible sheets; Means for fixing the sheets to the tunnel or cavity wall
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/40—Devices or apparatus specially adapted for handling or placing units of linings or supporting units for tunnels or galleries
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a smart steel arch flexible protection device for tunnel falling rock collapse.
  • the present invention provides a flexible steel arch flexible protection device and an early warning system for a tunnel falling rock collapse operation which is easy to operate and convenient to monitor.
  • a smart steel arch flexible protection device for tunnel falling rock collapse comprising an arch main body system and a flexible protection system;
  • the arch main body system comprises an arched rigid high-strength steel frame and a base;
  • the flexible protection The system comprises two parallel support rods arranged on the rigid high-strength steel frame along the arc of the arch frame, and a connecting rod is arranged between the two support rods, and the two ends of the connecting rod are Fixed on two support rods, a guide rod is arranged on the connecting rod, an elastic device is arranged between the guide rod and the support rod; and a plurality of adjacent two-way guide rods are arranged
  • a two-way guide rod has a rolling shaft that is perpendicular to the axial direction and is connected to the two-way guide rod, and a flexible roller is fitted on the rolling shaft.
  • the support rod is connected to the rigid high-strength steel frame through a column, and a buffer cushion is arranged on the column.
  • the flexible protection system further comprises a fence type stone block, the fence type stone net is disposed on the top of the rigid high strength steel frame and located under the flexible roller.
  • the parallel rolling shafts are all nested with a plurality of flexible rollers, and the flexible rollers are connected with the rolling shaft through bearings, coated with lubricating oil, and there is a gap between the flexible rollers on different rolling shafts, and no Resistance rolling.
  • an elastic device is also disposed between the two-way guide bars.
  • the elastic device is a high strength spring.
  • the invention also includes an intelligent monitoring and data collecting system comprising a plurality of sensors and a wireless transmission device, wherein the flexible roller is provided with a rotational speed sensor and a pressure sensor for pressure between the flexible roller and the main shaft , number of revolutions, speed, angle, angular velocity information are detected;
  • the wireless transmission device is embedded in the flexible roller, and the collected signal is transmitted to the data analysis feedback system through the wireless transmission device.
  • the data analysis feedback system further includes a computer, a servo controller, and a remote control room, which is responsible for storing, sorting, processing, and analyzing the data collected by the intelligent monitoring system, and implementing fully automated processing.
  • the data analysis feedback system conducts early warning and forecasting of different types of landslides through the analysis of the monitoring data, and feeds back to the alarm system, so that the construction unit can timely and accurately understand the landslide information, and take emergency measures as soon as possible to reduce losses.
  • the impact buffering system of the present application is divided into two kinds of shock absorbing buffering devices, which are respectively high-strength springs and buffering cushions, and high-strength springs are fixed between the guiding rods and the poles, and between the guiding rods and the guiding rods;
  • Intelligent monitoring and data acquisition system including a variety of sensors and wireless transmission devices, the flexible roller is equipped with a rotational speed sensor and a pressure sensor, the wireless transmission device is embedded in the flexible roller, and the collected signal is transmitted to the data analysis feedback through the wireless transmission device. system;
  • Data analysis feedback system including computer, servo controller and remote control room, responsible for storing, sorting, processing and analyzing the data collected by the intelligent monitoring system to achieve fully automated processing.
  • the arch body system comprises a rigid high-strength steel frame and a base, and the steel arch parameters can be set according to the specific conditions of the tunnel;
  • the support rod and the connecting rod are bolted to form a steel frame, and the upper and lower layers are divided into two layers, and the upper and lower layers are detachable for reuse;
  • the parallel rolling shafts are all nested with a plurality of flexible rollers, which are connected by bearings and coated with lubricating oil. There is a gap between the flexible rollers on different rolling shafts, which can be rolled without resistance and fixed on the first layer frame, which is the first road. Protection
  • the fence type stone block net is a wire rope protection net fixed on the second layer frame for the second line protection
  • the flexible roller After the landslide occurs, the flexible roller is rotated by the lateral force, and the remaining part of the impact kinetic energy is converted into the rotational kinetic energy, and the rotation of the generated flexible roller has a guiding effect on the falling rock, so that the falling rock reduces its impact force along the direction of the arch frame. , further reducing the damage of the falling rock to the arch;
  • the shock absorbing buffer system is divided into two kinds of shock absorbing buffer devices, which are respectively high-strength springs and cushioning cushion blocks;
  • the high-strength spring is fixed between the guide rod and the vertical rod, between the guide rod and the guide rod.
  • the high-strength spring is Stretching or compressing, converting horizontal impact kinetic energy into elastic potential energy of the spring;
  • the cushioning cushion is made of rubber and is disposed between the upper and lower frames to offset the vertical impact kinetic energy generated by the falling rock.
  • the invention relates to a flexible steel arch flexible protection device and an early warning system for a tunnel falling rock collapse, which is suitable for a surrounding rock of a tunnel containing a karst cave, and reduces the karst collapse caused by a karst tunnel in the previous karst tunnel construction.
  • the threat solves the technical problem of real-time and accurate monitoring of the falling rock disaster of the cave.
  • the device of the invention has the following advantages:
  • the support rod and the guide rod are bolted to form a steel frame, which is divided into two upper and lower frames, and the upper and lower layers are detachable, which can be reused and economical and convenient;
  • a part of the impact kinetic energy is offset by the deformation of the flexible drum, converted into deformation potential energy, and the remaining part is converted into rotational kinetic energy.
  • the two shields composed of the flexible roller and the fence type stone net double protect the arch, and the safety higher;
  • the device has a guiding effect on the falling rock, and the resilience generated after the deformation of the flexible drum can counteract the falling rock, so that the falling rock reduces its impact force along the direction of the arch, and also reduces the damage of the falling rock to the arch;
  • the anti-shock buffer system consists of two kinds of shock absorbing buffer devices.
  • the high-strength spring and the cushioning cushion block buffer the impact in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction respectively, and the device is simple and simple;
  • the data analysis feedback system stores, sorts, processes and analyzes the data collected by the intelligent monitoring system, and conducts early warning, forecasting and feedback to different types of landslides through automatic analysis and processing, which is efficient and accurate for concrete construction. Guidance suggestions are provided.
  • Figure 1 is a front elevational view of the structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a flexible protection system
  • Figure 3 is a front view of the flexible protection system
  • the "high strength" as used in the present invention means that the strength can withstand the impact force of the falling rock;
  • the fence type rock-blocking net refers to a mesh structure which is woven by a steel strand.
  • the present application proposes a smart steel arch flexible protection device and an early warning system for a tunnel falling rock collapse.
  • the utility model relates to a flexible steel arch flexible protection device and an early warning system for a tunnel falling rock collapse.
  • the arch main body system comprises a rigid high-strength steel frame 1 and a base, and the specific steel arch frame parameters can be set according to the specific conditions of the tunnel.
  • the flexible protection system is composed of a plurality of flexible rollers 2, an arched support rod 3, a bidirectional guide rod and a matching slide rod 4, a parallel rolling shaft 5, and a fence type rocker net 7.
  • the bolt between the support rod 3 and the connecting rod 10 is bolted.
  • each of the parallel rolling shafts 5 is nested with a plurality of flexible rollers 2, which are connected by bearings, coated with lubricating oil, and flexible on different rolling axes There is a gap between the rollers, which can roll without resistance, and is fixed on the first layer frame for the first protection;
  • the fence type stone block 7 is a wire rope protection net, which is fixed on the second layer frame and is the second protection.
  • the large falling rock is intercepted by the first protection, and the small rolling stone through the double-layer rigid frame is intercepted by the second protection.
  • the fence type stone block network is composed of a high-strength bottom frame and a steel stranded stone block network, and converts the impact energy of the small rock falling stone into the deformation energy of the stone block.
  • the arched support rod 3 is connected to the rigid high-strength steel frame 1 by a rigid upright 9.
  • the shock absorbing cushioning system is divided into two kinds of shock absorbing cushioning devices, which are respectively a high-strength spring 6 and a cushioning absorbing cushion block 8.
  • the high-strength spring 6 is fixed between the guiding rod 4 and the arch-shaped supporting rod 3, when the falling rock impact energy is compared
  • the high-strength spring 6 is stretched or compressed to convert the horizontal impact kinetic energy into the elastic potential energy of the spring;
  • the cushioning cushion 8 is made of rubber It is made between the upper and lower frames and can offset the vertical impact kinetic energy generated by the falling stones.
  • Intelligent monitoring and data acquisition system including a variety of sensors and wireless transmission devices
  • the flexible roller is equipped with a speed sensor and a pressure sensor, which can detect the pressure, number of revolutions, speed, angle, angular velocity and other information between the flexible roller and the spindle.
  • the wireless transmission device is embedded in the flexible roller, and the collected signal is transmitted to the data analysis feedback system through the wireless transmission device.
  • Data analysis feedback system including computer, servo controller and remote control room, responsible for storing, sorting, processing and analyzing the data collected by the intelligent monitoring system to realize fully automated processing.
  • Data analysis feedback system including computer, servo controller and remote control room, responsible for storing, sorting, processing and analyzing the data collected by the intelligent monitoring system to realize fully automated processing.
  • early warning, forecasting and feedback to different types of landslides are sent to the alarm system, so that the construction unit can timely and accurately understand the landslide information, and take emergency measures as soon as possible to reduce losses.
  • the impact buffering system of the present application is divided into two kinds of shock absorbing buffering devices, which are respectively high-strength springs and buffering cushions, and high-strength springs are fixed between the guiding rods and the poles, and between the guiding rods and the guiding rods;
  • Intelligent monitoring and data acquisition system including a variety of sensors and wireless transmission devices, the flexible roller is equipped with a rotational speed sensor and a pressure sensor, the wireless transmission device is embedded in the flexible roller, and the collected signal is transmitted to the data analysis feedback through the wireless transmission device. system;
  • Data analysis feedback system including computer, servo controller and remote control room, responsible for storing, sorting, processing and analyzing the data collected by the intelligent monitoring system to realize fully automated processing.
  • the arch body system comprises a rigid high-strength steel frame and a base, and the steel arch parameters can be set according to the specific conditions of the tunnel;
  • the support rod and the connecting rod are bolted to form a steel frame, and the upper and lower layers are divided into two layers, and the upper and lower layers are detachable for reuse;
  • the parallel rolling shafts are all nested with a plurality of flexible rollers, which are connected by bearings and coated with lubricating oil. There is a gap between the flexible rollers on different rolling shafts, which can be rolled without resistance and fixed on the first layer frame, which is the first road. Protection
  • the fence type stone block net is a wire rope protection net fixed on the second layer frame for the second line protection
  • the flexible roller After the landslide occurs, the flexible roller is rotated by the lateral force, and the remaining part of the impact kinetic energy is converted into the rotational kinetic energy, and the rotation of the generated flexible roller has a guiding effect on the falling rock, so that the falling rock reduces its impact force along the direction of the arch frame. , further reducing the damage of the falling rock to the arch;
  • the shock absorbing buffer system is divided into two kinds of shock absorbing buffer devices, which are respectively high-strength springs and cushioning cushion blocks;
  • the high-strength spring is fixed between the guide rod and the vertical rod, between the guide rod and the guide rod.
  • the high-strength spring is Stretching or compressing, converting horizontal impact kinetic energy into elastic potential energy of the spring;
  • the cushioning cushion is made of rubber and is disposed between the upper and lower frames to offset the vertical impact kinetic energy generated by the falling rock.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于隧道落石塌方的智能钢拱架柔性防护装置，包括拱架主体系统和柔性防护系统；所述的拱架主体系统包括拱形的刚性高强度钢架（1）以及底座；所述的柔性防护系统包括设置在所述的刚性高强度钢架上沿着拱架的圆弧方向设有两个平行的支撑杆（3），在两个支撑杆之间间隔的设有导向杆，所述的导向杆与支撑杆之间通过连接件相连；且在相邻的双向导向杆之间设有多个与双向导向杆轴线方向垂直且与双向导向杆相连的滚动轴（5），在所述的滚动轴上套装有柔性滚筒（2）。当带有巨大冲击力的落石块向下滚落，冲击动能的一部分由柔性滚筒的变形来抵消，转化为变形势能，而且柔性滚筒变形以后产生的回弹力可以反作用于落石，极大程度上减小了落石坍塌对拱架的伤害。

Description

隧道落石塌方的智能钢拱架柔性防护装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于隧道落石塌方的智能钢拱架柔性防护装置。
背景技术
现阶段，随着经济建设的飞速发展，大批水利水电工程、铁路公路交通工程等重大基础工程加快了建设步伐，并且建设重心向地形地质条件极端复杂的西部山区、岩溶地区转移，这都大大促进了隧洞工程的建设。在含溶洞的隧道施工中，为提高围岩稳定性和施工安全性，软弱围岩通常需要进行拱架安装支护。在岩溶隧道施工初支后、二衬施工前，在工程扰动下，极易引发溶洞塌方落石灾害，常给搭设的拱架造成了不可修复的重创，导致了严重的人员伤亡，造成了工期延误及经济损失。现阶段，相关专家学者尚未针对含溶洞隧道的落石塌方灾害研制出一种有效的拱架防护措施或装置。因此，有必要针对含溶洞隧道的隧道及地下工程中的落石塌方，发明一种拱架柔性防护装置及预警系统，使施工单位能及时准确地了解塌方信息，尽快采取应急措施，减小损失。
发明内容
本发明为克服上述技术的不足，提供一种操作简便、方便监测的隧道落石塌方的智能钢拱架柔性防护装置及预警系统。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用下述技术方案：
一种用于隧道落石塌方的智能钢拱架柔性防护装置，包括拱架主体系统和柔性防护系统；所述的拱架主体系统包括拱形的刚性高强度钢架以及底座；所述的柔性防护系统包括设置在所述的刚性高强度钢架上沿着拱架的圆弧反向设有两个平行的支撑杆，在两个支撑杆之间间隔的设有连接杆，连接杆的两端固定在两个支撑杆上，在所述的连接杆上套装有导向杆，所述的导向杆与支撑杆之间设有弹性装置；且在相邻的双向导向杆之间设有多个与双向导向杆轴线方向垂直且与双向导向杆相连的滚动轴，在所述的滚动轴上套装有柔性滚筒。
进一步的，所述的支撑杆通过立柱与所述的刚性高强度钢架相连，且在所述的立柱上设有缓冲减震垫块。
进一步的，所述的柔性防护系统还包括栅栏式拦石网，所述的栅栏式拦石网 设置在刚性高强度钢架顶部，位于柔性滚筒下方。
进一步的，所述的并列滚动轴均嵌套多个柔性滚筒，所述的柔性滚筒与滚动轴之间通过轴承连接，涂有润滑油，不同滚动轴上的柔性滚筒之间有间隙，可无阻力滚动。
进一步的，在所述的双向导向杆之间也设有弹性装置。
进一步的，所述的弹性装置为高强度弹簧。
进一步的，还包括智能监测与数据采集系统，所述智能监测与数据采集系统包括多种传感器及无线传输装置，柔性滚筒内设置有转速传感器和压力传感器，可对柔性滚筒和主轴之间的压力、转数、转速、角度、角速度信息进行检测；
所述无线传输装置内嵌在柔性滚筒内，收集到的信号通过无线传输装置传送到数据分析反馈系统。
进一步的，还包括数据分析反馈系统，所述数据分析反馈系统包括计算机、伺服控制器以及远程控制室，负责对智能监测系统收集到的数据进行储存、整理、处理、分析，实现全自动化处理。
所述数据分析反馈系统通过对监测数据的分析，对不同种类的塌方进行预警、预报，反馈至报警系统，使施工单位能及时准确地了解塌方信息，尽快采取应急措施，减小损失。
当带有巨大冲击力的落石块向下滚落，冲击动能的一部分由柔性滚筒的变形来抵消，转化为变形势能，而且柔性滚筒变形以后产生的回弹力可以反作用于落石，极大程度上减小了落石坍塌对拱架的伤害；发生塌方后，柔性滚筒受侧向力产生转动，剩余的部分冲击动能转化为转动动能，产生的柔性滚筒的转动对落石有导向作用，使落石沿着拱架方向减小了自身冲击力，进一步减小了落石坍塌对拱架的伤害；
本申请的抗冲击缓冲系统：分为两种减震缓冲装置，分别为高强度弹簧、缓冲减震垫块，高强度弹簧固定在导向杆和立杆之间、导向杆和导向杆之间；
智能监测与数据采集系统：包括多种传感器及无线传输装置，柔性滚筒内设置有转速传感器和压力传感器，无线传输装置内嵌在柔性滚筒内，收集到的信号通过无线传输装置传送到数据分析反馈系统；
数据分析反馈系统：包括计算机、伺服控制器以及远程控制室，负责对智能 监测系统收集到的数据进行储存、整理、处理、分析，实现全自动化处理。
所述拱架主体系统包括刚性高强度钢架以及底座，可根据隧道具体情况对钢拱架参数进行设置；
所述支撑杆与连接杆之间为螺栓连接，形成钢框架，分上下两层框架，上下两层可拆卸，以重复利用；
所述并列滚动轴均嵌套多个柔性滚筒，以轴承连接，涂润滑油，不同滚动轴上的柔性滚筒之间有间隙，可无阻力滚动，固定在第一层框架上，为第一道防护；
所述栅栏式拦石网为钢丝绳防护网，固定在第二层框架上，为第二道防护；
所述当带有巨大冲击力的落石块向下滚落，冲击动能的一部分由柔性滚筒的变形来抵消，转化为变形势能，而且柔性滚筒变形以后产生的回弹力可以反作用于落石，极大程度上减小了落石坍塌对拱架的伤害；
发生塌方后，所述柔性滚筒受侧向力产生转动，剩余的部分冲击动能转化为转动动能，产生的柔性滚筒的转动对落石有导向作用，使落石沿着拱架方向减小了自身冲击力，进一步减小了落石坍塌对拱架的伤害；
所述抗冲击缓冲系统分为两种减震缓冲装置，分别为高强度弹簧、缓冲减震垫块；
所述高强度弹簧固定在导向杆和立杆之间、导向杆和导向杆之间，当落石冲击能较大时，柔性滚筒的转动动能和柔性滚筒的变形势能不足以消减，高强度弹簧拉伸或压缩，将水平向的冲击动能转化为弹簧的弹性势能；
所述缓冲减震垫块由橡胶制成，安置在上下两层框架之间，可以抵消落石产生的垂直向的冲击动能。
本发明研究了一种用于隧道落石塌方的智能钢拱架柔性防护装置及预警系统，适用于含溶洞的隧道围岩，减小了以往岩溶隧道施工中溶洞塌方落石灾害对钢拱架造成的威胁，解决了对溶洞塌方落石灾害的实时准确监测的技术难题。与前人研究相比，本发明装置具有以下优点：
1)支撑杆与导向杆之间为螺栓连接，形成钢框架，分上下两层框架，上下两层可拆卸，可重复利用、经济方便；
2)冲击动能的一部分由柔性滚筒的变形来抵消，转化为变形势能，剩余的部分转化为转动动能，柔性滚筒和栅栏式拦石网组成的两道防护对拱架进行双重 保护，安全性更高；
3)本装置对落石有导向作用，且柔性滚筒变形以后产生的回弹力可以反作用于落石，使落石沿着拱架方向减小了自身冲击力，也减小了落石坍塌对拱架的伤害；
4)抗冲击缓冲系统由两种减震缓冲装置组成，高强度弹簧、缓冲减震垫块分别对垂直方向和水平方向的冲击进行缓冲，装置简易并不简单；
5)采用智能监测与数据采集系统对柔性滚筒和主轴之间的压力、转数、转速、角度、角速度等信息进行收集，并进行无线传输，能及时准确的监测落石的发生，综合性强；
6)数据分析反馈系统对智能监测系统收集到的数据进行储存、整理、处理、分析，通过全自动化分析处理，对不同种类的塌方进行预警、预报，反馈至报警系统，高效准确，为具体施工提供了指导性建议。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。
图1是本发明结构正视图；
图2为柔性防护系统俯视图示意图；
图3为柔性防护系统正视图示意图；
其中，1、高强度钢架；2、柔性滚筒；3、拱形支撑杆；4、双向导向杆及配套滑杆；5、并列滚动轴；6、高强度弹簧；7、栅栏式拦石网；8、缓冲减震垫块，9刚性立杆，10连接杆。
具体实施方式
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件 和/或它们的组合。
本发明中所述的“高强度”是指强度可以抵挡落石的冲击力即可；所述的栅栏式拦石网是指用钢绞线编织而生的网状结构。
正如背景技术所介绍的，现有技术中在隧道施工初支后、二衬施工前，发生的塌方落石灾害常给搭设的拱架造成了不可修复的重创，导致了严重的人员伤亡，造成了工期延误及经济损失，为了解决如上的技术问题，本申请提出了一种用于隧道落石塌方的智能钢拱架柔性防护装置及预警系统。
下面结合附图，进一步详细说明本专利的具体实施方式。
一种用于隧道落石塌方的智能钢拱架柔性防护装置及预警系统，拱架主体系统包括刚性高强度钢架1以及底座，具体钢拱架参数可根据隧道具体情况进行设置。
柔性防护系统由多个柔性滚筒2、拱形支撑杆3、双向导向杆及配套滑杆4、并列滚动轴5、栅栏式拦石网7组成，支撑杆3与连接杆10之间为螺栓连接，形成钢框架，分上下两层框架，上下两层可拆卸，以重复利用；每个并列滚动轴5均嵌套多个柔性滚筒2，以轴承连接，涂润滑油，不同滚动轴上的柔性滚筒之间有间隙，可无阻力滚动，固定在第一层框架上，为第一道防护；栅栏式拦石网7为钢丝绳防护网，固定在第二层框架上，为第二道防护。
大型落石被第一道防护拦拦截，通过双层刚性框孔隙的微小滚石块则由第二道防护进行拦截。
所述栅栏式拦石网由高强度底框和钢绞线拦石网组成，将微小落石的冲击能转化为拦石网的变形能。
拱形支撑杆3通过刚性立杆9与刚性高强度钢架1相连。
当带有巨大冲击力的落石块向下滚落，冲击动能的一部分由柔性滚筒1的变形来抵消，转化为变形势能，而且柔性滚筒变形以后产生的回弹力可以反作用于落石，极大程度上减小了落石坍塌对拱架的伤害；发生塌方后，柔性滚筒受侧向力产生转动，剩余的部分冲击动能转化为转动动能，产生的柔性滚筒的转动对落石有导向作用，使落石沿着拱架方向减小了自身冲击力，进一步减小了落石坍塌对拱架的伤害。
抗冲击缓冲系统分为两种减震缓冲装置，分别为高强度弹簧6、缓冲减震垫 块8，高强度弹簧6固定在导向杆4和拱形支撑杆3之间，当落石冲击能较大时，柔性滚筒2的转动动能和柔性滚筒的变形势能不足以消减，高强度弹簧6拉伸或压缩，将水平向的冲击动能转化为弹簧的弹性势能；缓冲减震垫块8由橡胶制成，安置在上下两层框架之间，可以抵消落石产生的垂直向的冲击动能。
智能监测与数据采集系统：包括多种传感器及无线传输装置，柔性滚筒内设置有转速传感器和压力传感器，可对柔性滚筒和主轴之间的压力、转数、转速、角度、角速度等信息进行检测，无线传输装置内嵌在柔性滚筒内，收集到的信号通过无线传输装置传送到数据分析反馈系统。
数据分析反馈系统：包括计算机、伺服控制器以及远程控制室，负责对智能监测系统收集到的数据进行储存、整理、处理、分析，实现全自动化处理。通过对监测数据的分析，对不同种类的塌方进行预警、预报，反馈至报警系统，使施工单位能及时准确地了解塌方信息，尽快采取应急措施，减小损失。
本申请的抗冲击缓冲系统：分为两种减震缓冲装置，分别为高强度弹簧、缓冲减震垫块，高强度弹簧固定在导向杆和立杆之间、导向杆和导向杆之间；
智能监测与数据采集系统：包括多种传感器及无线传输装置，柔性滚筒内设置有转速传感器和压力传感器，无线传输装置内嵌在柔性滚筒内，收集到的信号通过无线传输装置传送到数据分析反馈系统；
数据分析反馈系统：包括计算机、伺服控制器以及远程控制室，负责对智能监测系统收集到的数据进行储存、整理、处理、分析，实现全自动化处理。
所述拱架主体系统包括刚性高强度钢架以及底座，可根据隧道具体情况对钢拱架参数进行设置；
所述支撑杆与连接杆之间为螺栓连接，形成钢框架，分上下两层框架，上下两层可拆卸，以重复利用；
所述并列滚动轴均嵌套多个柔性滚筒，以轴承连接，涂润滑油，不同滚动轴上的柔性滚筒之间有间隙，可无阻力滚动，固定在第一层框架上，为第一道防护；
所述栅栏式拦石网为钢丝绳防护网，固定在第二层框架上，为第二道防护；
所述当带有巨大冲击力的落石块向下滚落，冲击动能的一部分由柔性滚筒的变形来抵消，转化为变形势能，而且柔性滚筒变形以后产生的回弹力可以反作用于落石，极大程度上减小了落石坍塌对拱架的伤害；
发生塌方后，所述柔性滚筒受侧向力产生转动，剩余的部分冲击动能转化为转动动能，产生的柔性滚筒的转动对落石有导向作用，使落石沿着拱架方向减小了自身冲击力，进一步减小了落石坍塌对拱架的伤害；
所述抗冲击缓冲系统分为两种减震缓冲装置，分别为高强度弹簧、缓冲减震垫块；
所述高强度弹簧固定在导向杆和立杆之间、导向杆和导向杆之间，当落石冲击能较大时，柔性滚筒的转动动能和柔性滚筒的变形势能不足以消减，高强度弹簧拉伸或压缩，将水平向的冲击动能转化为弹簧的弹性势能；
所述缓冲减震垫块由橡胶制成，安置在上下两层框架之间，可以抵消落石产生的垂直向的冲击动能。
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于隧道落石塌方的智能钢拱架柔性防护装置，其特征在于，包括拱架主体系统和柔性防护系统；所述的拱架主体系统包括拱形的刚性高强度钢架以及底座；所述的柔性防护系统包括设置在所述的刚性高强度钢架上沿着拱架的圆弧反向设有两个平行的支撑杆，在两个支撑杆之间间隔的设有连接杆，连接杆的两端固定在两个支撑杆上，在所述的连接杆上套装有导向杆，所述的导向杆与支撑杆之间设有弹性装置；且在相邻的双向导向杆之间设有多个与双向导向杆轴线方向垂直且与双向导向杆相连的滚动轴，在所述的滚动轴上套装有柔性滚筒。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种用于隧道落石塌方的智能钢拱架柔性防护装置，其特征在于，所述的支撑杆通过立柱与所述的刚性高强度钢架相连，且在所述的立柱上设有缓冲减震垫块。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种用于隧道落石塌方的智能钢拱架柔性防护装置，其特征在于，所述的连接杆与支撑杆之间通过螺栓相连。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种用于隧道落石塌方的智能钢拱架柔性防护装置，其特征在于，所述的柔性防护系统还包括栅栏式拦石网，所述的栅栏式拦石网设置在刚性高强度钢架顶部，位于柔性滚筒下方。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种用于隧道落石塌方的智能钢拱架柔性防护装置，其特征在于，所述的并列滚动轴均嵌套多个柔性滚筒，所述的柔性滚筒与滚动轴之间通过轴承连接，涂有润滑油，不同滚动轴上的柔性滚筒之间有间隙，可无阻力滚动。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的一种用于隧道落石塌方的智能钢拱架柔性防护装置，其特征在于，在所述的双向导向杆之间也设有弹性装置。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的一种用于隧道落石塌方的智能钢拱架柔性防护装置，其特征在于，所述的弹性装置为高强度弹簧。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的一种用于隧道落石塌方的智能钢拱架柔性防护装置，其特征在于，还包括智能监测与数据采集系统，所述智能监测与数据采集系统包括多种传感器及无线传输装置，柔性滚筒内设置有转速传感器和压力传感器，可对柔性滚筒和主轴之间的压力、转数、转速、角度、角速度信息进行检测；所述无线传输装置内嵌在柔性滚筒内，收集到的信号通过无线传输装置传送到数据分 析反馈系统。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的一种用于隧道落石塌方的智能钢拱架柔性防护装置，其特征在于，还包括数据分析反馈系统，所述数据分析反馈系统包括计算机、伺服控制器以及远程控制室，负责对智能监测系统收集到的数据进行储存、整理、处理、分析，实现全自动化处理。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的一种用于隧道落石塌方的智能钢拱架柔性防护装置，其特征在于，所述的刚性高强度钢架以及底座，具体钢拱架参数可根据隧道具体情况进行设置。
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