WO2018211155A2 - Système hélice-tuyère d'accélération pour la propulsion de bateaux - Google Patents

Système hélice-tuyère d'accélération pour la propulsion de bateaux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018211155A2
WO2018211155A2 PCT/ES2017/070315 ES2017070315W WO2018211155A2 WO 2018211155 A2 WO2018211155 A2 WO 2018211155A2 ES 2017070315 W ES2017070315 W ES 2017070315W WO 2018211155 A2 WO2018211155 A2 WO 2018211155A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nozzle
propeller
profile
axial
rotation
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PCT/ES2017/070315
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English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Juan José ROMERO VÁZQUEZ
Original Assignee
Romero Vazquez Juan Jose
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Romero Vazquez Juan Jose filed Critical Romero Vazquez Juan Jose
Priority to PCT/ES2017/070315 priority Critical patent/WO2018211155A2/fr
Publication of WO2018211155A2 publication Critical patent/WO2018211155A2/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
    • B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
    • B63H5/14—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers characterised by being mounted in non-rotating ducts or rings, e.g. adjustable for steering purpose
    • B63H5/15—Nozzles, e.g. Kort-type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an accelerating nozzle propeller system, for driving ships in the generic sense of the term as a floating watercraft.
  • Feed coefficient J VpJnDp.
  • the speed of the thruster being VA, n the number of revolutions per second of the propeller and D P the diameter of the propeller.
  • Propeller thrust coefficient Ktp Tp / pn 2 DP 4 , Tp being the thrust of the propeller, and p the water density.
  • Nozzle thrust coefficient Ktn Tn / pn 2 D P 4 , where Tn is the thrust of the nozzle.
  • Total thrust coefficient Ktt T / pn 2 DP 4 , where T is the total thrust of the propeller and the nozzle together.
  • Free navigation condition when sailing with exclusively indoor cargo; in this condition the load index CT normally has a value between 4 and 0.2
  • Trawling or towing navigation condition when sailing by pulling a fishing net or towing another boat; in this case the speed of the boat is very small in relation to the thrust of the nozzle propeller system, the load index CT has a high value, higher than the value 4 CT, normally 15 to 28 CT; Only trawlers and tugboats navigate in this condition when they are doing their specific job.
  • Some coefficients are used, with the factor D or L to indicate some distances depending on the inside diameter of the nozzle at the place of the center of the blade tips of the propeller D or the axial length of the nozzle L, being in this document the inside radius of the nozzle half the diameter D indicated above, that is, measured at the center of the propeller blade tips, as there are nozzles (decelerators) where the inside diameter at the trailing edge is lower to the inside diameter at the center place of the propeller blade tips; naturally, we must specify not to give rise to mistakes. Segment: part of a line between two points.
  • Codaste continuation of the keel of the ship by stern.
  • the radius R of the propeller is taken as reference, thus the coaxial section 0.90R refers to the coaxial section of the blade at the distance 0.90R of the axis of rotation of the propeller; LOOR coaxial section is at the blade tip. Nozzle type propellers are used
  • Kaplan which are fixed-blade propellers ("FPP”) whose LOOR coaxial section at the blade tip, has an arc shape that is equidistant along its entire coaxial length of the cylindrical interior walls of the nozzle; and also propeller blades (“CPP”) are used in nozzle, whose LOOR coaxial section is greatly reduced in extent, to allow radial rotation of the blade, to change the pitch.
  • Coaxial blade sections at a given radius are obtained as is obvious, by the supposed cut of a cylinder whose axis of symmetry is the axis of rotation of the propeller and as the internal radius the one chosen, if the value is chosen 0.9R, the blades have a determined coaxial section of very small thickness because they are close to the tips.
  • the 0.9R coaxial section when represented extended in a plane has a profile that is almost always ogival ("ogival section” as defined by the "International Towing Tank Conference ITTC") in nozzle blades in the sections near the tip, because This type of profile is the least prone to cavitation, which is very important in nozzle propellers.
  • Medium line of curvature also called the mean line “mean line” is the line defined by the midpoints between the surfaces of either side of an aerodynamic or hydrodynamic profile, the ends of the average line of curvature coincide for practical purposes with the edges of entry and exit of the profile.
  • Line of the rope the line that joins the ends of the middle line.
  • Rope both in a wing profile and in a nozzle profile, it is the straight line segment that joins the ends of the midline of curvature, the actual wing and nozzle sections are flat, and the rope is naturally part of a straight line, the distance between both ends of the middle line is called the length of the rope.
  • Step It is what theoretically advances a propeller in each complete revolution, if the distribution of passage is uniform for all coaxial sections from the root to the tip.
  • the characteristic passage of a naval propeller refers to that of the 0.7R coaxial section exclusively, when the distribution of passage is not uniform, which is the vast majority.
  • Ratio of areas Ae / Ao, Ae refers to the total surface of the blades and Ao refers to the area of the scanning disc.
  • Directional or azimuthal propeller azimuthal propulsion system
  • the nozzle propeller assembly can rotate 360 ° on a substantially vertical axis, which does not require rudder or reverse the direction of rotation of the propeller for reverse. Water always circulates in only one direction inside the nozzle.
  • Open propeller propulsion system that has a propeller without a nozzle.
  • an accelerating nozzle propeller system for driving merchant ships, tugs and trawlers comprises, a propeller and a nozzle that is a tube-shaped conduit, open at both ends; in accordance with the general direction of the water running ahead of the ship, the nozzle has internally from the leading edge to the trailing edge, first a converging surface, then a surface surrounding the propeller and finally downstream of the propeller a surface to the trailing edge and of course an outer surface from the trailing edge to the trailing edge; the profile of the nozzle corresponds to a section of the nozzle by a plane containing the axis of rotation of the propeller; the propeller rotates inside the nozzle attached to a motor shaft; said motor shaft passes through the inside of a support; In the classical configuration, said support is attached to the codaste at the stern of the ship and the nozzle is attached to the stern of the ship by means of rigid supports when a single propeller and a single nozzle are used, when a nozzle propeller
  • the nozzle is fixed with respect to a vertical plane containing the axis of rotation of the propeller, as a common reference.
  • Nozzles have been tested that are rigidly attached to the tips of the propeller blades, rotating with them "ring propellers", but the performance is lower than with fixed nozzles that naturally do not rotate, separated by a small space (clearance less than 0.5 % of the inside diameter D of the nozzle) of the tips of the propeller blades.
  • the inner surface surrounding the propeller is cylindrical, downstream of the propeller the inner surface is usually divergent in fixed nozzles, in directional nozzles it is usually cylindrical, and the outer surface is usually conical with greater radius in In the previous part, the entry edge is usually rounded and the exit edge is usually rounded; In front of the propeller the converging inner surface always exists in any nozzle for fishing and transport boats and it is normal to be convex.
  • the operation of the nozzle propeller systems that are currently built consists basically of a mutual interaction, the suction of the propeller produces depression in the front convergent interior surface of the nozzle and this pressure difference with the rest of the walls of the nozzle originates a pushing force whose axial component pushes the nozzle forward; This thrust adds to that of the propeller.
  • the distance between inner and outer radius of the axial profile of the nozzle is equal to 0.105D; in the plane of the profile of the nozzle, upstream of the propeller, a segment with radial direction from the axis of rotation of the propeller and with length 0.08473D whose end of smaller radius coincides with the inner radius of the nozzle and passing through the ordinate of the profile with value 0.026885D, has a length within the area of the profile of the nozzle, equal to 68% of its total length; and the center of all the propeller blade tips, is at a axial distance from the front end of the inlet edge of the nozzle of 0.25D, whereby the center of the straight line segment that joins the ends of the coaxial section 0.90R of the propeller blades, is at the same distance 0.25D, because in fixed blade propellers ("FPP") in the nozzle, an "ogival" profile
  • the radial distance between the inner surface of the nozzle and the inner radius of the nozzle, at a critical axial distance of 0.2281 D upstream of the center of the propeller blade tips, is worth approximately 0.054D.
  • Trawlers use both the free navigation condition for their trips to the fishing sites, and the drag condition for their specific task and it is for this reason that many use the nozzle "19A"; in drag or pull condition the feed coefficient J is very low and the total thrust coefficient Ktt is very high, as well as the torque coefficient Kq is also very high.
  • the decelerating nozzles have a different geometry and generally with a converging inner surface downstream of the propeller, whereby the inside diameter of the nozzle at the trailing edge is smaller than the inside diameter of the nozzle at the place or zone where the propeller is ; the performance is much lower than that of the accelerator nozzles; they are only used to prevent noise from the propeller through the water, in very specific applications that require this quality.
  • L / D 0.4970
  • the blades can be in very different positions along the nozzle, even coinciding with the entrance edge of the nozzle.
  • the technical problem that currently exists is the low performance of the nozzle propeller systems, in the condition of free navigation and also in the condition of towing or towing because it is desirable to increase the efficiency to save fuel.
  • the effort to achieve greater performance in the nozzle propeller systems has been constant by all researchers and research groups of both companies and universities, especially since the oil crisis of 1973 until today, in all Market segments
  • the objective of the present invention is to achieve a very high total thrust coefficient Ktt, in relation to the torque coefficient Kq used, whereby a significant increase in yield ⁇ 0 of the nozzle propeller system is achieved, both in the drag condition or small speed trailer, as in the condition of free navigation at any speed.
  • the nozzle is fixed with respect to a vertical plane containing the axis of rotation of the propeller; the axial length of the nozzle profile is greater than 0.42D and less than 0.80D, D being the inside diameter of the nozzle; according to the direction and the general direction of the water running forward, the front end of the rope of the axial profile of the nozzle has a greater radius than the rear end of said rope, with respect to the axis of rotation of the propeller; the distance between inner and outer radius of the axial profile of the nozzle is less than 0.098D; and according to the direction and the general direction of the water running forward, in the plane of the axial profile of the nozzle, upstream of the propeller, a segment with radial direction from the axis of rotation of the propeller and with length
  • 0.08473D whose end of smaller radius coincides with the inner radius of the nozzle and which passes through the ordinate of the profile with value 0.026885D, has a length within the area of the profile of the nozzle, greater than 44% of the total length of said segment, (the combination of all the characteristics causes a different behavior; in fluid mechanics the introduction of a seemingly subtle change or the
  • the axial length of the nozzle profile is greater than 0.43D and less than 0.70D; the distance between inner and outer radius of the axial profile of the nozzle is less than 0.097D; and according to the direction and the general direction of the water running forward, in the plane of the axial profile of the nozzle, upstream of the propeller, a segment with radial direction from the axis of rotation of the propeller and with length 0.08473D whose end of smaller radius coincides with the inner radius of the nozzle and that passes through the ordinate of the profile with value 0.026885D, has a length within the area of the profile of the nozzle, greater than 46%.
  • the axial length of the nozzle profile is greater than 0.44D and less than 0.60D; the distance between inner and outer radius of the axial profile of the nozzle is less than 0.096D; and according to the direction and the general direction of the water running forward, in the plane of the axial profile of the nozzle, upstream of the propeller, a segment with radial direction from the axis of rotation of the propeller and with length 0.08473D whose end of smaller radius coincides with the inner radius of the nozzle and which passes through the ordinate of the profile with a value of 0.026885D, has a length within the area of the profile of the nozzle, greater than 50%.
  • the axial length of the nozzle profile is greater than 0.45D and less than 0.58D; the distance between inner and outer radius of the axial profile of the nozzle is less than 0.095D; and according to the direction and the general direction of the water running forward, in the plane of the axial profile of the nozzle, upstream of the propeller, a segment with radial direction from the axis of rotation of the propeller and with length
  • 0.08473D whose end of smaller radius coincides with the inner radius of the nozzle and which passes through the ordinate of the profile with value 0.026885D, has a length within the area of the profile of the nozzle, greater than 60%.
  • the axial length of the nozzle profile is greater than 0.46D and less than 0.56D; the distance between inner and outer radius of the axial profile of the nozzle is less than 0.094D; and according to the direction and the general direction of the water running forward, in the plane of the axial profile of the nozzle, upstream of the propeller, a segment with radial direction from the axis of rotation of the propeller and with length 0.08473D whose end of smaller radius coincides with the inner radius of the nozzle and that passes through the ordinate of the profile with value 0.026885D, has a length within the area of the profile of the nozzle, greater than 65%.
  • the radial distance between the inner surface of the nozzle and the inner radius of the nozzle is less than 0.0500D, at an axial distance of 0.2281 D upstream of the center of the straight line segment that joins the ends of the 0.90R coaxial section of propeller blades, where R is the radius of the blades of the propeller
  • the radial distance between the inner surface of the nozzle and the inner radius of the nozzle is less than 0.0480D, at an axial distance of 0.2281 D upstream of the center of the straight line segment that joins the ends of the 0.90R coaxial section of propeller blades.
  • the radial distance between the inner surface of the nozzle and the inner radius of the nozzle is less than 0.0440D, at an axial distance of 0.2281 D upstream of the center of the straight line segment that joins the ends of the 0.90R coaxial section of propeller blades.
  • the radial distance between the inner surface of the nozzle and the inner radius of the nozzle is less than 0.0400D, at an axial distance of 0.2281 D upstream of the center of the straight line segment that joins the ends of the 0.90R coaxial section of propeller blades.
  • the radial distance between the inner surface of the nozzle and the inner radius of the nozzle is less than 0.0340D, at an axial distance of 0.2281 D upstream of the center of the straight line segment that joins the ends of the 0.90R coaxial section of propeller blades.
  • the angle that forms the straight line that joins the maximum diameter of the nozzle profile with the outer surface of the nozzle at 0.95L and the axis of rotation of the propeller is inferred at 8.75 °, being L the axial length of the nozzle profile.
  • the angle that forms the straight line that joins the maximum diameter of the profile of the nozzle with the outer surface of the nozzle at 0.95L and the axis of rotation of the propeller is to infer 8, 50 °
  • the angle that forms the straight line that joins the maximum diameter of the profile of the nozzle with the outer surface of the nozzle at 0.95L and the axis of rotation of the propeller is inferred at 8.25 °
  • the angle that forms the straight line that joins the maximum diameter of the nozzle profile with the outer surface of the nozzle at 0.95L and the axis of rotation of the propeller is inferred at 8.00 ° More preferable that the above, the angle that forms the straight line that joins the maximum diameter of the profile of the nozzle with the outer surface of the nozzle at 0.95L and the axis of rotation of the propeller, is inferred at 7.75 °
  • the center of the straight line segment that joins the ends of the coaxial section 0.90R of the propeller blades is inside of the nozzle at an axial distance from the front end of the inlet edge of the nozzle, greater than 0.23359D and less than 0.40000D
  • leading end of the inlet edge of the nozzle is a substantially flat surface, with a distance between the inner and outer radius of said surface, greater than 0.01 D
  • the inside surface of the nozzle to the trailing edge is divergent.
  • the inner surface of the nozzle has a conical surface.
  • the outlet edge of the nozzle is substantially blunt.
  • the convergent interior surface of the nozzle upstream of the propeller is convex; and all or part of the inner surface of the nozzle surrounding the propeller is cylindrical.
  • the coordinates of the nozzle profile are as follows:
  • the abscissa value is set to 100X / L taking the values of X from the leading edge; 100 L for the value of the internal ordinates; and 100Yu / L for the value of the external ordinates.
  • the nozzle is fixed with respect to the hull of the ship (running the nozzle with the water circulating in a direction in forward motion and in reverse in reverse direction, with respect to the nozzle).
  • the nozzle is part of a directional propeller, also called azimuth (running the nozzle with the water always circulating in the same direction with respect to the nozzle, in forward and reverse gear).
  • This nozzle propeller system to propel ships is part of a ship, with an engine that is attached and imparts turning movement to the propeller shaft.
  • This proposed nozzle propeller system has the advantage of increasing the performance, by increasing the total thrust of the propeller plus the nozzle, for the same torque applied to the propeller, and therefore reducing fuel consumption, for ships, in the same proportion. in drag or towing condition at low speed; and in the condition of free navigation at any speed, the performance is greatly increased.
  • the invention also relates to a ship, comprising at least a motor attached to a shaft to impart rotation movement to a propeller with a nozzle, as defined in the foregoing.
  • the ship has two to ten nozzle propeller systems.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the profile of a fixed accelerator nozzle with respect to the hull of the ship, in a plane containing the axis of rotation of the propeller, and corresponding to the coordinates indicated above for the profile of the nozzle; It also represents part of a propeller blade.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the previous part of the nozzle profile, to represent other parameters.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic representation of the propeller set of fixed blades, nozzle and nozzle supports, seen from downstream, in forward motion.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic representation of the accelerator nozzle propeller system, in vertical section of the nozzle by a plane containing the axis of rotation of the propeller; and in view the propeller is represented with the blades and the core (hub), the rear support of the propeller shaft, the elbow, a nozzle holder and the rudder; forming part of a ship, so that the details of the set can be well appreciated.
  • Figure 5 is a representation of the profile of the nozzle in section by a plane containing the axis of rotation of the propeller, with an internal structural distribution suitable for stiffness, lightness and material savings.
  • the nozzle profile used in all figures from 1 to 5 is defined by the coordinates indicated above.
  • Figure 6 is a representation of an ogival type blade profile.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic representation with the profile of the nozzle "19A" which as indicated belongs to the state of the art.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic representation with the profile of the nozzle of document ES2460815 belonging to the prior art.
  • Figure 9 is a representation of Figure 8.17 that appears on page 282 of the book "Detailed design of ships propellers" mentioned above and belonging to the state of the art.
  • the inner walls 8 of the nozzle in the convergent zone, upstream of the propeller, are convex according to the direction of flow in the front part of the nozzle, then cylindrical the surface of the part surrounding the blade tips and then divergent with conical surface to the trailing edge.
  • the axis of rotation 9 of the propeller is also observed, which in this case coincides with the axis of symmetry of the nozzle.
  • the clearance between the propeller blade tips and the nozzle is in practice less than 0.5% of the inside diameter of the nozzle.
  • the angle that forms the straight line that joins the maximum diameter of the profile of the nozzle with the outer surface of the nozzle at 0.95L and the axis of rotation of the propeller, is worth 7.15 °
  • the fixed blade propeller with four blades 2, the arc-shaped blade tips equidistant to the inner cylindrical surface 8 of the nozzle, the direction of rotation of the blades indicated by arrow 15, the core is shown of the propeller, and the supports 16 of the nozzle 1 that fixedly connect the nozzle to the stern of the ship, not shown in this figure; the coaxial section 0.90R with the reference 14 on the upper blade, the leading edge 10 of the blade, the leading edge 11 of the blade; the center 3 of the straight line CD segment that joins the ends of the 0.90R coaxial section of the propeller blades; the outer surface 7 of the nozzle; the inner surface 8 of the nozzle; and the blade tip is also indicated in the LOOR coaxial section of the blades, with reference 13.
  • the four blades have the pressure face 12 in its entirety, since it is a view from downstream.
  • the nozzle 1 is shown in vertical section (all the nozzles are hollow, not solid); and in view the propeller with its blades; the upper blade has its pressure face 12, the lower blade has its suction face 18, because the propeller rotates clockwise viewed from downstream; the rudder 20, one of the two supports 16 of the nozzle, and the elbow 19 belonging to the ship.
  • the core of the propeller (central part of the propeller) is attached to the tree and this to the ship's engine.
  • the drive shaft passes through a support 17, at the stern of the hull.
  • the direction and general direction of the water are also indicated by four arrows, the outer surface 7 of the nozzle, the inner surface 8 of the nozzle, the front end 5 of the inlet edge of the nozzle and the rear end 6 of the edge nozzle outlet.
  • the rotating propeller originates lower static pressure in front of the nozzle creating depression in the converging inner surface, the difference in pressures with the rest of the walls, creates an axial component that pushes the nozzle forward and is to the ship through the supports that connect it to the stern of the ship. Both the propeller and the nozzle push the ship.
  • the nozzle propeller system is part of the ship.
  • the profile of the proposed nozzle 1 is shown, in section by a plane containing the axis of rotation of the propeller, with an internal structural distribution suitable for lightness, strength and material saving; at the inlet edge of the nozzle and at the trailing edge there are substantially metal o-rings, joined to metal plates that follow the profile of the nozzle indicated both externally and internally; Between the metal plates that constitute the outer and inner surface of the nozzle, there are two metal rings that join both inner and outer sides of the nozzle profile, to provide structural rigidity to the assembly.
  • Fig. 6 an ogival profile is shown with the side of the pressure face 12, the side of the suction face 18, and the relatively sharp inlet and outlet edges 11.
  • the nozzle "19A” has the cylindrical inner surface from 0.40L to 0.60L to cover the propeller blade tips; and downstream of the propeller, the interior surface of the nozzle is divergent and convex.
  • Figure 9 shows figure 8.17 on page 282, which is presented in the book "Detailed design of ships propellers" indicated above in the prior art.
  • a diffuser with a short duct or nozzle shape is presented to increase efficiency, with the propeller blade tips in the plane of the inlet edge of the nozzle.
  • the same propeller is used and therefore the inside diameter D of the nozzle in the place of the center of the propeller blade tips is the same in each case, and therefore the axial distance T equal to 0.2281 D, has the same absolute value in each case.
  • the same propeller is necessarily chosen in each case, and therefore, the same absolute value for the inside diameter of the nozzle D in the place of the center of the propeller blade points, for all the centers of the world belonging to the "International Towing Tank Conference ITTC". Therefore, the axial length L of the nozzle as a function of the inside diameter D of the nozzle at the place of the center of the propeller blade tips is a distinctive feature in each case, for each propeller-nozzle system.
  • This invention has industrial application in the naval industry.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système hélice-tuyère d'accélération pour la propulsion de bateau qui présente un meilleur rendement du fait que la longueur axiale du profil de la tuyère est supérieure à 0,42D et inférieure à 0.80D, D étant le diamètre interne de la tuyère; l'extrémité antérieure de la corde du profil axial de la tuyère présente un rayon supérieur à celui de l'extrémité postérieure de ladite corde ; la distance (S) entre le rayon intérieur et extérieur du profil axial de la tuyère est inférieure à 0,098D ; et dans le plan du profil de la tuyère, en amont de l'hélice, un segment (AB) avec une direction radiale depuis l'axe de rotation de l'hélice et avec une longueur de 0,08473D, dont l'extrémité de rayon inférieur coïncide avec le rayon intérieur de la tuyère et qui passe par l'ordonnée du profil avec une valeur de 0,026885D, présente une longueur située dans la zone du profil de la tuyère, supérieure à 44%.
PCT/ES2017/070315 2017-05-16 2017-05-16 Système hélice-tuyère d'accélération pour la propulsion de bateaux WO2018211155A2 (fr)

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