WO2018210479A1 - Electrical conductor - Google Patents

Electrical conductor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018210479A1
WO2018210479A1 PCT/EP2018/058534 EP2018058534W WO2018210479A1 WO 2018210479 A1 WO2018210479 A1 WO 2018210479A1 EP 2018058534 W EP2018058534 W EP 2018058534W WO 2018210479 A1 WO2018210479 A1 WO 2018210479A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrical
electrical conductor
change material
phase change
fibers
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/058534
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Martin Koehne
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2018210479A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018210479A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
    • C09K5/063—Materials absorbing or liberating heat during crystallisation; Heat storage materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/04—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
    • H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon

Definitions

  • the electrical conductor according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that the heat capacity of the electrical conductor is increased by a phase change material is provided between the fibers of the electrical conductor.
  • the latent heat capacity of the electrical conductor can thereby reach a value in the range of
  • Heat capacity of metallic conductors is or is higher than the heat capacity of metallic conductors, in particular of copper.
  • the phase change material of the electrical conductor absorbs or releases heat energy during the phase change, for example, the energy input or output is> 100 kJ / l.
  • the heat generated in the electrical conductor at short-term peak loads is absorbed by the phase change material, so that the temperature in the electrical conductor during the peak load increases less than in the prior art. In this way, the electrical conductor can endure higher peak loads or equal peak loads for a longer time without, for example, damaging the electrical insulation of the electrical conductors or the bearings of the electrical machine.
  • the electrical conductor is enclosed by the phase change material such that an electrical insulation layer of the electrical conductor is formed.
  • the phase change material takes over the function of the electrical insulation of the electrical conductor in addition to increasing the heat capacity. It is also advantageous if the individual fibers of the conductor with the
  • Phase change material are coated, since the phase change material in this way has a good contact with the fibers and thereby can absorb the heat generated in the fibers well. It is also advantageous if the fibers of the conductor are incorporated in the phase change material or completely surrounded by the phase change material. In this way, a particularly large amount of phase change material is arranged between the fibers, so that the effect according to the invention is particularly high. It is also advantageous if the fibers of the electrical conductor with the
  • Phase change material are infiltrated. Due to this intrusion of the
  • phase change material into the individual fibers the heat generated in the fibers can be absorbed directly by the phase change material.
  • the phase change material used is pentaerythritol, trimethylolethane and / or tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane.
  • phase change material in particular sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, octylphenol ethoxylate or naphthalene sulfonic acid or anthraquinone, is added to the phase change material, since in this way the individual fibers of the composite are wettable for the phase change material so that the penetration of the phase change material into the individual phases Fibers is facilitated.
  • a surface-active material in particular sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, octylphenol ethoxylate or naphthalene sulfonic acid or anthraquinone
  • the drawing shows in section a simplified illustrated electrical conductor according to the invention.
  • the electrical conductor 1 is formed from a composite of fibers and / or filaments 2.
  • fibers 2 are formed from a composite of fibers and / or filaments 2.
  • the individual fibers 2 include carbon nanotubes (CNT nanotubes) and / or a plurality of layers of graphene and are in particular made of carbon nanotubes and / or from a
  • the electrical conductor 1 comprises a multiplicity of fibers 2 which extend in the direction of a longitudinal extension 1.1 of the conductor 1 and are held together in a known manner, for example by twisting, braiding or knotting and / or by a composite material connecting the fibers or enclosing the fibers.
  • phase change material 3 is provided between the fibers 2 of the electrical conductor 1. It may also be a mixture of different phase change materials 3 between the fibers be arranged.
  • the phase change material can be provided as a coating of the individual fibers 2 or as a matrix material in which the fibers 2 are embedded and which fills the cavities of the composite. These two embodiments can be achieved by known methods, such as dip painting, vapor deposition, sublimation vaporization, spraying or coating.
  • Coating takes place in particular by dip coating, vapor deposition,
  • Sublimation evaporation, spraying or coating The filling of the cavities of the composite is preferably carried out by vacuum infiltration, dip coating or coating.
  • the fibers can with the
  • Phase change material are coated or infiltrated.
  • the yarn can also be coated or infiltrated with the phase change material, regardless of whether this has already been done with the fibers.
  • the phase change material 3 absorbs heat during a phase change in a known manner or releases it to the environment.
  • the energy input or output is, for example, greater than 100 kJ / l.
  • the fibers 2 of the electrical conductor may be enclosed by the phase change material 3 such that an electrical insulation layer 4 of the electrical conductor 1 is formed.
  • the fibers 2 of the electrical conductor 1, if they are porous, may be infiltrated with the phase change material 3, which can be achieved by a known infiltration process. In this way, the phase change material 3 is also within the individual fibers 2.
  • a phase change material for example, pentaerythritol
  • Trimethylolethane and / or tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane can be used.

Abstract

Electrical conductors which are each formed from a composite of fibres comprising carbon nanotubes and/or from a large number of layers of graphite are already known. The electrical conductor has an electrical insulation layer which is produced by applying a polymer coating. One disadvantage is that electrical conductors of this kind have a considerably lower thermal capacity than metals. If electrical conductors of this kind are used for forming the electrical winding of electrical machines, the relatively low thermal capacity, in particular at brief peak load, can lead to a more severe increase in temperature in the electrical winding than with conventional windings composed of copper. In order that a permissible temperature load of the electrical machine is not exceeded, the electrical machine has to be designed to be more powerful than is actually required, and therefore the manufacturing costs are comparatively high. In the case of the electrical conductor according to the invention, the thermal capacity thereof is increased. According to the invention, it is provided that a phase-change material (3) is provided between the fibres (2) of the electrical conductor (1).

Description

Beschreibung Titel  Description title
Elektrischer Leiter  Electrical conductor
Stand der Technik Die Erfindung geht aus von einem elektrischen Leiter nach der Gattung des PRIOR ART The invention is based on an electrical conductor of the type of
Hauptanspruchs. Main claim.
Es ist schon ein elektrischer Leiter aus der WO2012/106406 AI bekannt, der aus einem Verbund von Fasern gebildet ist, die Kohlenstoffnanoröhren und/oder eine Vielzahl von Schichten aus Graphen umfassen. Der elektrische Leiter weist eine elektrische Isolationsschicht auf, die durch das Auftragen einer Polymerbeschichtung hergestellt ist. Nachteilig ist, dass solche elektrischen Leiter im Vergleich zu Metallen eine deutlich niedrigere Wärmekapazität haben. Wenn solche elektrischen Leiter zur Bildung der elektrischen Wicklung von elektrischen Maschinen eingesetzt werden, kann es aufgrund der geringeren Wärmekapazität, insbesondere bei kurzzeitigen Spitzenlast, zu einem stärkeren Temperaturanstieg in der elektrischen Wicklung kommen als bei herkömmlichen Wicklungen aus Kupfer. Damit eine zulässige  It is already known an electrical conductor from WO2012 / 106406 AI, which is formed from a composite of fibers comprising carbon nanotubes and / or a plurality of layers of graphene. The electrical conductor has an electrical insulation layer made by applying a polymer coating. The disadvantage is that such electrical conductors have a significantly lower heat capacity compared to metals. When such electrical conductors are used to form the electrical winding of electric machines, a higher temperature rise in the electrical winding may occur due to the lower heat capacity, especially in the case of short-term peak load, than with conventional copper windings. Thus a permissible
Temperaturbelastung der elektrischen Maschine nicht überschritten wird, muss die elektrische Maschine leistungsstärker als tatsächlich erforderlich ausgeführt werden, so dass die Herstellungskosten vergleichsweise hoch sind. Temperature load of the electric machine is not exceeded, the electric machine must be performed more powerful than actually required, so that the manufacturing cost is relatively high.
Vorteile der Erfindung Advantages of the invention
Der erfindungsgemäße elektrische Leiter mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, dass die Wärmekapazität des elektrischen Leiters erhöht wird, indem zwischen den Fasern des elektrischen Leiters ein Phasenwechselmaterial vorgesehen ist. Die latente Wärmekapazität des elektrischen Leiters kann dadurch einen Wert erreichen, der im Bereich der The electrical conductor according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that the heat capacity of the electrical conductor is increased by a phase change material is provided between the fibers of the electrical conductor. The latent heat capacity of the electrical conductor can thereby reach a value in the range of
Wärmekapazität von metallischen Leitern liegt oder höher ist als die Wärmekapazität von metallischen Leitern, insbesondere von Kupfer. Das Phasenwechselmaterial des elektrischen Leiters nimmt beim Phasenwechsel Wärmeenergie auf bzw. gibt diese ab, wobei die Energieaufnahme bzw. -abgäbe beispielsweise > 100kJ/l beträgt. Die bei kurzzeitigen Spitzenlasten entstehende Wärme in dem elektrischen Leiter wird von dem Phasenwechselmaterial aufgenommen, so dass die Temperatur in dem elektrischen Leiter während der Spitzenlast weniger stark ansteigt als im Stand der Technik. Auf diese Weise kann der elektrische Leiter höhere Spitzenlasten oder gleiche Spitzenlasten für eine längere Zeit ertragen, ohne dass dadurch beispielsweise die elektrische Isolation der elektrischen Leiter oder die Lager der elektrischen Maschine beschädigt werden. Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Heat capacity of metallic conductors is or is higher than the heat capacity of metallic conductors, in particular of copper. The phase change material of the electrical conductor absorbs or releases heat energy during the phase change, for example, the energy input or output is> 100 kJ / l. The heat generated in the electrical conductor at short-term peak loads is absorbed by the phase change material, so that the temperature in the electrical conductor during the peak load increases less than in the prior art. In this way, the electrical conductor can endure higher peak loads or equal peak loads for a longer time without, for example, damaging the electrical insulation of the electrical conductors or the bearings of the electrical machine. The measures listed in the dependent claims are advantageous
Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen des im Hauptanspruch angegebenen elektrischen Leiters möglich. Further developments and improvements of the main claim specified electrical conductor possible.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist, wenn der elektrische Leiter von dem Phasenwechselmaterial derart umschlossen ist, dass eine elektrische Isolationsschicht des elektrischen Leiters gebildet ist. Auf diese Weise übernimmt das Phasenwechselmaterial zusätzlich zur Erhöhung der Wärmekapazität die Funktion der elektrischen Isolation des elektrischen Leiters. Auch vorteilhaft ist, wenn die einzelnen Fasern des Leiters mit dem It is particularly advantageous if the electrical conductor is enclosed by the phase change material such that an electrical insulation layer of the electrical conductor is formed. In this way, the phase change material takes over the function of the electrical insulation of the electrical conductor in addition to increasing the heat capacity. It is also advantageous if the individual fibers of the conductor with the
Phasenwechselmaterial beschichtet sind, da das Phasenwechselmaterial auf diese Weise einen guten Kontakt zu den Fasern hat und dadurch die in den Fasern entstehende Wärme gut aufnehmen können. Außerdem vorteilhaft ist, wenn die Fasern des Leiters in dem Phasenwechselmaterial eingelagert oder von dem Phasenwechselmaterial vollständig umgeben sind. Auf diese Weise ist besonders viel Phasenwechselmaterial zwischen den Fasern angeordnet, so dass der erfindungsgemäße Effekt besonders hoch ist. Weiterhin vorteilhaft ist, wenn die Fasern des elektrischen Leiters mit dem  Phase change material are coated, since the phase change material in this way has a good contact with the fibers and thereby can absorb the heat generated in the fibers well. It is also advantageous if the fibers of the conductor are incorporated in the phase change material or completely surrounded by the phase change material. In this way, a particularly large amount of phase change material is arranged between the fibers, so that the effect according to the invention is particularly high. It is also advantageous if the fibers of the electrical conductor with the
Phasenwechselmaterial infiltriert sind. Durch dieses Eindringen des Phase change material are infiltrated. Due to this intrusion of the
Phasenwechselmaterials in die einzelnen Fasern kann die in den Fasern entstehende Wärme unmittelbar von dem Phasenwechselmaterial aufgenommen werden. Nach einem vorteilhaften Ausführungsbeispiel wird als Phasenwechselmaterial Pentaerythrit, Trimethylolethan und/oder Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethan verwendet. Phase change material into the individual fibers, the heat generated in the fibers can be absorbed directly by the phase change material. According to an advantageous embodiment, the phase change material used is pentaerythritol, trimethylolethane and / or tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane.
Sehr vorteilhaft ist es, wenn dem Phasenwechselmaterial ein grenzflächenaktiver Stoff, insbesondere Natriumdodecylbenzolsulfonat, Octylphenolethoxylat oder Naphthalin- Sulfonsäure oder Anthrachinon, zugesetzt ist, da auf diese Weise die einzelnen Fasern des Verbunds für das Phasenwechselmaterial benetzbar sind, so dass das Eindringen des Phasenwechselmaterials in die einzelnen Fasern erleichtert wird. It is very advantageous if a surface-active material, in particular sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, octylphenol ethoxylate or naphthalene sulfonic acid or anthraquinone, is added to the phase change material, since in this way the individual fibers of the composite are wettable for the phase change material so that the penetration of the phase change material into the individual phases Fibers is facilitated.
Zeichnung drawing
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung vereinfacht dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. An embodiment of the invention is shown in simplified form in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description.
Beschreibung des Ausführungsbeispiels Description of the embodiment
Die Zeichnung zeigt im Schnitt einen vereinfacht dargestellten erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Leiter. The drawing shows in section a simplified illustrated electrical conductor according to the invention.
Der erfindungsgemäße elektrische Leiter 1 ist aus einem Verbund von Fasern und/oder Filamenten 2 gebildet. Im Folgenden sollen unter dem Begriff der Fasern 2 The electrical conductor 1 according to the invention is formed from a composite of fibers and / or filaments 2. Hereinafter, the term fibers 2
ausdrücklich auch Filamente eingeschlossen sein. Die einzelnen Fasern 2 umfassen Kohlenstoffnanoröhren (CNT-Nanotubes) und/oder eine Vielzahl von Schichten aus Graphen und sind insbesondere aus Kohlenstoffnanoröhren und/oder aus einerexpressly included filaments. The individual fibers 2 include carbon nanotubes (CNT nanotubes) and / or a plurality of layers of graphene and are in particular made of carbon nanotubes and / or from a
Vielzahl von Schichten aus Graphen hergestellt. Zwischen den Fasern 2 des Verbunds sind Hohlräume gebildet, so dass eine bestimmte Porosität besteht. Der elektrische Leiter 1 umfasst eine Vielzahl von Fasern 2, die in Richtung einer Längserstreckung 1.1 des Leiters 1 verlaufen und auf bekannte Weise zusammengehalten sind, beispielsweise durch Verdrillen, Flechten oder Verknoten und/oder durch ein die Fasern verbindendes oder die Fasern umschließendes Verbundmaterial. Variety of layers made from graphene. Cavities are formed between the fibers 2 of the composite so that a certain porosity exists. The electrical conductor 1 comprises a multiplicity of fibers 2 which extend in the direction of a longitudinal extension 1.1 of the conductor 1 and are held together in a known manner, for example by twisting, braiding or knotting and / or by a composite material connecting the fibers or enclosing the fibers.
Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass zwischen den Fasern 2 des elektrischen Leiters 1 zumindest ein Phasenwechselmaterial 3 vorgesehen ist. Es kann auch ein Gemisch von verschiedenen Phasenwechselmaterialien 3 zwischen den Fasern angeordnet sein. Das Phasenwechselmaterial kann als Beschichtung der einzelnen Fasern 2 oder als Matrixmaterial, in dem die Fasern 2 eingelagert sind und das die Hohlräume des Verbunds auffüllt, vorgesehen sein. Diese beiden Ausführungen können durch bekannte Verfahren, wie beispielsweise Tauchlackieren, Bedampfen, Sublimationsbedampfen, Besprühen oder Beschichten, erreicht werden. Die According to the invention, it is provided that at least one phase change material 3 is provided between the fibers 2 of the electrical conductor 1. It may also be a mixture of different phase change materials 3 between the fibers be arranged. The phase change material can be provided as a coating of the individual fibers 2 or as a matrix material in which the fibers 2 are embedded and which fills the cavities of the composite. These two embodiments can be achieved by known methods, such as dip painting, vapor deposition, sublimation vaporization, spraying or coating. The
Beschichtung erfolgt insbesondere durch Tauchlackieren, Bedampfen, Coating takes place in particular by dip coating, vapor deposition,
Sublimationsverdampfen, Besprühen oder Beschichten. Die Füllung der Hohlräume des Verbunds erfolgt bevorzugt durch Vakuuminfiltration, Tauchlackieren oder Beschichten. Die Fasern können vor der Garnherstellung mit dem Sublimation evaporation, spraying or coating. The filling of the cavities of the composite is preferably carried out by vacuum infiltration, dip coating or coating. The fibers can with the
Phasenwechselmaterial beschichtet bzw. infiltriert werden. Genauso kann auch das Garn mit dem Phasenwechselmaterial beschichtet bzw. infiltriert werden, unabhängig davon, ob dies bereits mit den Fasern durchgeführt wurde. Phase change material are coated or infiltrated. Likewise, the yarn can also be coated or infiltrated with the phase change material, regardless of whether this has already been done with the fibers.
Das Phasenwechselmaterial 3 nimmt bei einem Phasenwechsel auf bekannte Weise Wärme auf bzw. gibt diese an die Umgebung ab. Die Energieaufnahme bzw. -abgäbe ist beispielsweise größer als 100kJ/l. Die Fasern 2 des elektrischen Leiters können von dem Phasenwechselmaterial 3 derart umschlossen sein, dass eine elektrische Isolationsschicht 4 des elektrischen Leiters 1 gebildet ist. Weiterhin können die Fasern 2 des elektrischen Leiters 1, wenn diese porös sind, mit dem Phasenwechselmaterial 3 infiltriert sein, was durch einen bekannten Infiltrationsprozess erreichbar ist. Auf diese Weise befindet sich das Phasenwechselmaterial 3 auch innerhalb der einzelnen Faserns 2. Als Phasenwechselmaterial kann beispielsweise Pentaerythrit, The phase change material 3 absorbs heat during a phase change in a known manner or releases it to the environment. The energy input or output is, for example, greater than 100 kJ / l. The fibers 2 of the electrical conductor may be enclosed by the phase change material 3 such that an electrical insulation layer 4 of the electrical conductor 1 is formed. Furthermore, the fibers 2 of the electrical conductor 1, if they are porous, may be infiltrated with the phase change material 3, which can be achieved by a known infiltration process. In this way, the phase change material 3 is also within the individual fibers 2. As a phase change material, for example, pentaerythritol,
Trimethylolethan und/oder Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethan verwendet werden. Trimethylolethane and / or tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane can be used.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
Elektrischer Leiter (1), insbesondere Garn, der ein Verbund von Fasern umfasst, wobei der Verbund eine elektrische Isolationsschicht (4) aufweist und die Fasern Kohlenstoffnanoröhren und/oder eine Vielzahl von Schichten aus Graphen umfassen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen den Fasern (2) des elektrischen Leiters (1) ein Phasenwechselmaterial (3) vorgesehen ist. Electric conductor (1), in particular yarn comprising a composite of fibers, the composite comprising an electrical insulation layer (4) and the fibers comprising carbon nanotubes and / or a plurality of layers of graphene, characterized in that between the fibers (2 ) of the electrical conductor (1) a phase change material (3) is provided.
Elektrischer Leiter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der elektrische Leiter (1) von dem Phasenwechselmaterial (3) derart umschlossen ist, dass eine elektrische Isolationsschicht (4) des elektrischen Leiters (1) gebildet ist. Electrical conductor according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical conductor (1) of the phase change material (3) is enclosed in such a way that an electrical insulation layer (4) of the electrical conductor (1) is formed.
Elektrischer Leiter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die einzelnen Fasern (2) des elektrischen Leiters (1) mit dem Phasenwechselmaterial (3) beschichtet sind. Electrical conductor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the individual fibers (2) of the electrical conductor (1) are coated with the phase change material (3).
Elektrischer Leiter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fasern (2) des elektrischen Leiters (1) in dem Electrical conductor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibers (2) of the electrical conductor (1) in the
Phasenwechselmaterial (3) eingelagert sind.  Phase change material (3) are embedded.
Elektrischer Leiter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fasern (2) des elektrischen Leiters (1) mit dem Electrical conductor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibers (2) of the electrical conductor (1) with the
Phasenwechselmaterial (3) infiltriert sind.  Phase change material (3) are infiltrated.
Elektrischer Leiter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Phasenwechselmaterial (3) Pentaerythrit, Electric conductor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the phase change material (3) pentaerythritol,
Trimethylolethan und/oder Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethan umfasst.  Trimethylolethane and / or tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane comprises.
Elektrischer Leiter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem Phasenwechselmaterial (3) ein grenzflächenaktiver Stoff, insbesondere Natriumdodecylbenzolsulfonat, Octylphenolethoxylat oder Naphthalin-Sulfonsäure oder Anthrachinon, zugesetzt ist. Electric conductor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the phase change material (3) is a surface-active substance, in particular sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, octylphenol ethoxylate or naphthalene sulfonic acid or anthraquinone added.
PCT/EP2018/058534 2017-05-16 2018-04-04 Electrical conductor WO2018210479A1 (en)

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WO2021197679A1 (en) * 2020-03-30 2021-10-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electric machine with flexible electrical conductors and shaping insulations

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