WO2018206789A1 - Building material containing a binder and a fiber reinforcement - Google Patents
Building material containing a binder and a fiber reinforcement Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018206789A1 WO2018206789A1 PCT/EP2018/062250 EP2018062250W WO2018206789A1 WO 2018206789 A1 WO2018206789 A1 WO 2018206789A1 EP 2018062250 W EP2018062250 W EP 2018062250W WO 2018206789 A1 WO2018206789 A1 WO 2018206789A1
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- fiber
- needles
- building material
- matrix
- binder
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L95/00—Compositions of bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar, pitch
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B26/26—Bituminous materials, e.g. tar, pitch
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
- E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
- E01C7/18—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and bituminous binders
- E01C7/26—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and bituminous binders mixed with other materials, e.g. cement, rubber, leather, fibre
- E01C7/262—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and bituminous binders mixed with other materials, e.g. cement, rubber, leather, fibre with fibrous material, e.g. asbestos; with animal or vegetal admixtures, e.g. leather, cork
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2555/00—Characteristics of bituminous mixtures
- C08L2555/30—Environmental or health characteristics, e.g. energy consumption, recycling or safety issues
- C08L2555/34—Recycled or waste materials, e.g. reclaimed bitumen, asphalt, roads or pathways, recycled roof coverings or shingles, recycled aggregate, recycled tires, crumb rubber, glass or cullet, fly or fuel ash, or slag
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2555/00—Characteristics of bituminous mixtures
- C08L2555/40—Mixtures based upon bitumen or asphalt containing functional additives
- C08L2555/50—Inorganic non-macromolecular ingredients
- C08L2555/52—Aggregate, e.g. crushed stone, sand, gravel or cement
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Definitions
- a building material such as concrete with a supplement in the form of a fiber reinforcement.
- the embedded in the building material fiber reinforcement improves the material properties of the building material and can, for example, prevent cracking in concrete components.
- fibrous materials such as glass fibers are used for fiber reinforcement, resulting in a composite of glass fibers and binder, such as cement.
- binder such as cement.
- the binder forms a matrix in which the glass fibers are embedded.
- Fiber material is also produced in large quantities in molded parts made of fiber composites.
- Fiber composites contain a fiber material as an essential component. This is often in the form of laminates, for example in the form of woven, laid or mats.
- the fibrous material is embedded in a matrix, which often consists of polymeric material, for example a thermoset such as synthetic resin.
- Fiber composite materials are processed in a wide variety of products and are used as molded parts or structural components, for example in shipbuilding, in aerospace technology, but also in consumer goods.
- rotor blades for wind turbines often comprise structural components made of fiber composite materials.
- Structural components made from fiber composites have a limited life. For example, due to material fatigue it is necessary to replace rotor blades of wind turbines after about 10 years. An exchange is already premature if rotor blades with other geometries are to be mounted. Due to the large quantities of fiber composites, there is a need to recycle the material.
- thermosetting material such as synthetic resin no reversible melting of the matrix is possible.
- elements made of fiber composite material have hitherto, for example, been comminuted in such a way that the fiber composite material is in the form of a powder.
- a method is known, for example, from EP 0 473 990 A2.
- the process result a powder, is then used as an additive for the production of new moldings.
- the aggregate serves primarily as a filler and does not lead to an improvement in the material properties.
- the invention has for its object to develop a process for the recycling of fiber composites whose process result crushing products that can be fed to a high-quality re-use.
- the building material according to the invention contains a binder and a fiber reinforcement, wherein the fiber reinforcement comprises fiber needles, wherein the fiber needles are produced from recycled fiber material from comminuted molded parts, wherein the fiber needles have fiber material and matrix.
- the fiber reinforcement of the building material according to the invention consists of recycled fiber material.
- the recycling takes place in such a way that matrix adheres to the fibers. Both the fibers and the matrix of the starting material are used to produce the fiber reinforcement of the building material.
- the comminuted fiber material, the fiber needles adhere to the matrix.
- the result of the process that is to say the comminution products, are accordingly needle-shaped fiber elements consisting of fibers or fiber bundles which are encased in matrix. In this respect, both the fiber material and the matrix of the starting material is recycled.
- the process management preferably takes place in such a way that break edges with an irregular shape result at the fiber needles, which improve the attachment of the binder of the building material. Accordingly, during comminution, the fiber composite is broken up and fiber fractions are separated together with the matrix.
- the comminution product preferably contains fiber needles with a fiber length of 0.1 mm to 20 mm.
- a fraction may also contain fiber needles of greater or lesser fiber length.
- the fiber length of 90 wt.% Of a fraction of crushed products from 0.1 mm to 20 mm.
- the comminution product particularly preferably contains fiber needles with a fiber length of 1 mm to 10 mm. From a fraction of elements which are comminuted in the impact reactor, therefore, fiber needles with adhering matrix in different fiber lengths, wherein the fiber length of 1 mm to 10 mm.
- the crushed product is free-flowing and can be processed in a mixer. In this respect, the shredded product, the fiber needles, can be further processed by simple means.
- the starting material the elements to be comminuted, contain about 30% by weight to% by weight matrix and 60% by weight to 70% by weight fibers.
- the fiber needles of the aforementioned length form as a supplement for the building material fiber reinforcement.
- an isometric strength behavior and on the other hand, a surprisingly high strength produced from the building material components.
- the reprocessed fiber material in the form of the fiber needles can be fed to a high quality reuse.
- a sieving line can be determined by sieve analysis for a large number of crushed products. In this case, it is conceivable, for example, to carry out a sieve analysis in each case for a fraction to be comminuted and to determine the grading curve for the comminuted fraction.
- the sieving line shows the distribution of the fiber lengths of the shredded fiber needles of the crushed fraction. As a result, it can be determined which fiber length distribution the comminution products of the comminuted fraction have.
- An advantageous impact reactor has a cylindrical shell, which is provided on one end face with a bottom and on the other end side with a lid.
- the soil is assigned a rotatably mounted impact body.
- the cylindrical shell, the bottom and the lid include an impingement reactor space.
- the lid is provided with an opening for receiving the elements.
- the impact body may comprise chains or be formed as a rotor, which is provided with baffles.
- ejection openings can be arranged in the peripheral region of the baffle reactor.
- the ejection openings are preferably associated with the jacket.
- the ejection openings can be closed by means of flaps. The ejection openings allow the discharge of the crushed products.
- the ejection openings are designed so that the crushed product can be continuously removed from the impingement reactor. It is advantageous that the residence time of the fiber composite material in the baffle reactor space is only very short, so that the mechanical action is limited by the impact body. A rejection of the crushing products already takes place when the desired fiber length is reached. It is advantageous here that a large part of the matrix still adheres to the fibers and that the fibers needles forming the shredded product have sharp and irregular break edges, which improves the attachment of new matrix.
- the ejection openings can be covered with slotted or perforated cover plates.
- the slotted or perforated cover plates allow on the one hand a continuous discharge of the crushed products and on the other hand a discharge of the crushed products as soon as they have reached the desired fiber length. On the one hand thereby the residence time of the fiber composite material in the impact reactor is very short and on the other hand fiber needles with a large fiber length can be removed from the impact reactor.
- cover plates can be modified depending on a previously performed sieve analysis.
- the cover plates can be selected, for example, in terms of diameter and geometry of the through holes so that fiber needles can be discharged with a desired fiber length distribution from the baffle reactor.
- cover plates with differently sized through holes. As a result, a separation of fiber needles as a function of the fiber length can already take place during the discharge of the fiber needles from the impact reactor.
- cover plates can be closed by cover flaps.
- ejection flaps can be provided for ejecting large parts. This is particularly advantageous when composites with material combinations are processed in the impingement reactor. If the composite contains both metal components and fiber composite material, the fiber composite material in the form of the fiber needles is continuously discharged from the impact reactor during comminution. The metal content can then be removed via the discharge flap.
- the baffle reactor may be associated with a classifier. This can be connected directly to the discharge opening.
- the classifier may comprise screens which allow sorting of the shredded products by fiber length.
- a sieve analysis can be carried out after the discharge of the comminution products from the discharge opening, or the fibers can be sorted according to fiber length. This allows an advantageous combination of fibers with a certain fiber length.
- the advantageous selected fiber length distribution can also be achieved by the selection of cover plates described above. From this, especially high-quality new molded parts can be produced.
- the fibrous material may contain glass fibers, carbon fibers, basalt fibers and / or aramid fibers.
- fiber composites made from glass fibers or basalt fibers are inexpensive, they also accumulate in a particularly large number of pieces.
- Composite fiber composites made from carbon fibers are particularly cost intensive and difficult to process. Due to the high strength, the reprocessing of such fiber composites has been difficult.
- shaped articles produced from the fiber needles have very good material properties, in particular when the fiber needles comprise carbon fibers.
- the fiber needles forming the comminution product consist of bundles of carbon fibers to which matrix adheres.
- fibers are sized.
- glass fibers are provided with glass fiber sizes and carbon fibers with carbon fiber sizes.
- the sizings deposit in the form of a coating on the fibers and improve the adhesion to the matrix.
- the fiber needles produced by the process of the present invention contain fibers having adhered size and adherent matrix. In this respect, it is not necessary to re-coat the fiber needles.
- the fiber needles can be embedded directly into a new matrix and processed into a molded part. The fact that the original sizing adheres to the fibers, a firm connection of the new matrix is guaranteed to the fibers. This results in moldings with surprisingly high strength values, although recycled fiber material is used.
- the elements can be fed to a pre-crushing prior to crushing in the impingement reactor.
- pre-crushing block-like elements can be produced from large moldings, for example from rotor blades of wind turbines, which can be filled into a baffle reactor.
- the pre-crushing can be done for example by sawing or water jet cutting.
- the resulting from the pre-crushing elements can then be transported by conventional conveyors such as conveyor belts and are free-flowing.
- the building material may have a surcharge in addition to the fiber reinforcement.
- the aggregate is in the form of an aggregate.
- the aggregate can be composed, for example, of gravel and sand in different particle sizes.
- the building material may contain 85% by weight to 95% by weight of aggregate, 5% by weight to 15% by weight of binder and 0.001% by weight to 0.1% by weight of fibers. Surprisingly, it has been found that even a small amount of fiber reinforcement is sufficient to significantly improve the material properties of the building material.
- the binder may contain cement.
- the building material may be formed as concrete, which is provided with a fiber reinforcement.
- Such a building material based on cement is particularly suitable for use in tunneling.
- the proportion of fiber reinforcement of recycled fiber needles may be up to 10% by weight.
- the building material may also contain the binder bitumen.
- the building material may be formed as asphalt.
- Such a building material based on bitumen is particularly suitable for use as a road surface in civil engineering.
- investigations have shown that even a fiber reinforcement in a proportion of 0.001 wt.% Of the building material leads to a significant improvement in strength and load capacity.
- a road surface according to the invention contains a binder based on bitumen, an aggregate in the form of an aggregate and a fiber reinforcement in the form of recycled fiber needles.
- FIG. 1 shows a baffle reactor for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a baffle reactor 1 or a baffle reactor arrangement for comminuting elements which contain fiber composite material.
- the starting material for example, rotor blades of wind turbines, which have structural components in the form of embedded profiles of fiber composite material of carbon fibers.
- Such rotor blades can have a length of 60 m.
- a preliminary comminution of the rotor blades takes place, in which block-like elements are formed.
- the pre-shredding is done by means of sawing.
- the starting product Before the comminution, the starting product has about 35% by weight of matrix and 65% by weight of fiber material in the form of carbon fibers.
- the matrix is made of thermosetting synthetic resin and forms a strong bond with the carbon fibers.
- the impact reactor 1 comprises a bottom 10 and a cylindrical shell 2 of metallic material.
- a rotor 3 is arranged, which is provided with baffles 5.
- the rotor 3 is operatively connected to an electric motor 6, which is arranged outside the shell 2.
- the shaft connecting the rotor 3 to the electric motor 6 extends in the axial direction of the cylindrical jacket 2.
- the rotor 3 is provided with wings 4 which protrude radially from the shaft. At the ends of the free wings 4 baffles 5 are arranged.
- the baffles 5 are removably attached to the wings 4.
- the impact reactor 1 is closed at the end face remote from the rotor with a cover 7, so that the bottom 10, casing 2 and cover 7 include a baffle reactor space.
- the lid 7 has a filling opening 9 for filling the elements.
- the jacket 2 is further provided at the height of the rotor 3 with an ejection opening 8 for discharging the crushed products.
- perforated cover plates 11 are used in the discharge opening 8 perforated cover plates 11 are used.
- the cover plates 11 form screens, which pass crushing products in the desired particle size.
- the pre-shredded elements are introduced via the filling opening 9 into the impingement reactor chamber.
- the elements are comminuted under the action of the rotor 3 provided with the baffles 5 to comminution products in the form of fiber needles and discharged through the discharge opening 8 from the baffle reactor space.
- the removal of the crushed product from the baffle reactor space takes place continuously in the present embodiment.
- the fiber needles are thus discharged immediately after reaching the desired fiber length.
- the ejection opening can also be closed by a flap, so that the device is also suitable for batchwise operation.
- the shredded products in the form of the fiber needles have a fiber length of 0.1 mm to 10 mm.
- the fiber needles consist of fiber material and matrix adhering to the fiber material.
- the fiber material in turn consists of fiber bundles and of sizing, which allows a firm adhesion of the matrix to the fiber material.
- the fiber needles are still a composite material of fiber material and matrix.
- the fiber material is embedded in the matrix, with the fiber needles having sharp edges and irregular break edges due to comminution, which improves the adhesion of new matrix.
- a sieve analysis is carried out using a fraction of fiber needles and a grading curve is determined.
- the fiber length distribution of the fraction is known and it can be prepared by mixing different fractions, a mixture of fiber needles with a predetermined fiber length distribution.
- the sieve analysis is carried out by sieves of the fiber needles in sieves with decreasing mesh size.
- the building material contains a binder and a fiber reinforcement, wherein the fiber reinforcement comprises fiber needles, wherein the fiber needles are made of recycled fiber material from comminuted molded parts, wherein the fiber needles have fiber material and matrix.
- the fiber length of the fiber needles is from 0.1 mm to 10 mm.
- the building material also contains a supplement in the form of an aggregate.
- the building material contains 85% by weight to 95% by weight of aggregate, 5% by weight to 15% by weight of binder and 0.001% by weight to 0.1% by weight of fiber needles.
- the binder contains cement.
- up to 10% by weight of fiber needles may be provided.
- An advantageous concrete building material comprises 80% by weight aggregate in the form of aggregate and sand, 15% by weight of binder in the form of cement and 5% by weight of fiber reinforcement in the form of recycled fiber needles.
- the binder contains bitumen.
- An advantageous asphalt building material for use as a road surface comprises 89.999% by weight aggregate aggregate, 10% by weight binder in the form of bitumen, and 0.001% by weight fiber reinforcement in the form of recycled fiber needles.
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Abstract
The invention relates to a building material containing a binder and a fiber reinforcement of fibers, wherein the fibers are produced from recycled fiber material from comminuted molded parts, the fibers having a matrix.
Description
Aus dem Stand der Technik ist es bekannt, einen Baustoff, beispielsweise Beton mit einem Zuschlag in Form einer Faserverstärkung zu versehen. Die in den Baustoff eingebettete Faserverstärkung verbessert die Materialeigenschaften des Baustoffs und kann beispielsweise eine Rissbildung bei Betonbauteilen verhindern.From the prior art it is known to provide a building material, such as concrete with a supplement in the form of a fiber reinforcement. The embedded in the building material fiber reinforcement improves the material properties of the building material and can, for example, prevent cracking in concrete components.
Derzeit werden für eine Faserverstärkung Fasermaterialien wie Glasfasern verwendet, wobei sich ein Verbund aus Glasfasern und Bindemittel, beispielsweise Zement ergibt. Hierbei bildet das Bindemittel eine Matrix in welche die Glasfasern eingebettet sind.At present, fibrous materials such as glass fibers are used for fiber reinforcement, resulting in a composite of glass fibers and binder, such as cement. Here, the binder forms a matrix in which the glass fibers are embedded.
Fasermaterial fällt jedoch auch in großen Mengen bei Formteilen aus Faserverbundwerkstoffen an. Faserverbundwerkstoffe enthalten als wesentlichen Bestandteil ein Fasermaterial. Dieses liegt häufig in Form von Laminaten vor, beispielsweise in Form von Geweben, Gelegen oder Matten. Das Fasermaterial ist in eine Matrix eingebettet, welche häufig aus polymerem Material, beispielsweise einem Duromer wie Kunstharz besteht. Faserverbundwerkstoffe werden in den verschiedensten Produkten verarbeitet und kommen als Formteile oder Strukturbauteile beispielsweise im Schiffsbau, in der Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik aber auch in Konsumartikeln zum Einsatz. Des Weiteren umfassen Rotorblätter für Windräder häufig Strukturbauteile aus Faserverbundwerkstoffen. However, fiber material is also produced in large quantities in molded parts made of fiber composites. Fiber composites contain a fiber material as an essential component. This is often in the form of laminates, for example in the form of woven, laid or mats. The fibrous material is embedded in a matrix, which often consists of polymeric material, for example a thermoset such as synthetic resin. Fiber composite materials are processed in a wide variety of products and are used as molded parts or structural components, for example in shipbuilding, in aerospace technology, but also in consumer goods. Furthermore, rotor blades for wind turbines often comprise structural components made of fiber composite materials.
Aus Faserverbundwerkstoffen hergestellte Strukturbauteile weisen eine begrenzte Lebensdauer auf. So ist es beispielsweise aufgrund der Materialermüdung erforderlich, Rotorblätter von Windkraftanlagen nach etwa 10 Jahren auszutauschen. Ein Austausch erfolgt aber bereits vorzeitig, wenn Rotorblätter mit anderen Geometrien montiert werden sollen. Aufgrund der großen Mengen an Faserverbundwerkstoffen besteht das Bedürfnis, das Material einer Wiederverwertung zuzuführen.Structural components made from fiber composites have a limited life. For example, due to material fatigue it is necessary to replace rotor blades of wind turbines after about 10 years. An exchange is already premature if rotor blades with other geometries are to be mounted. Due to the large quantities of fiber composites, there is a need to recycle the material.
Hierbei ist jedoch problematisch, dass bei Einsatz einer Matrix aus duromerem Werkstoff wie Kunstharz kein reversibles Aufschmelzen der Matrix möglich ist.Here, however, is problematic that when using a matrix of thermosetting material such as synthetic resin no reversible melting of the matrix is possible.
Insofern wurden aus Faserverbundwerkstoff bestehende Elemente bislang beispielsweise derart zerkleinert, dass der Faserverbundwerkstoff in Form eines Pulvers vorliegt. Ein derartiges Verfahren ist beispielsweise aus der EP 0 473 990 A2 bekannt. Das Verfahrensergebnis, ein Pulver, wird dann als Zuschlagstoff zur Herstellung neuer Formteile verwendet. Hierbei ist nachteilig, dass der Zuschlagstoff vorwiegend als Füllmaterial dient und nicht zu einer Verbesserung der Materialeigenschaften führt.In this respect, elements made of fiber composite material have hitherto, for example, been comminuted in such a way that the fiber composite material is in the form of a powder. Such a method is known, for example, from EP 0 473 990 A2. The process result, a powder, is then used as an additive for the production of new moldings. It is disadvantageous that the aggregate serves primarily as a filler and does not lead to an improvement in the material properties.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Wiederverwertung von Faserverbundwerkstoffen zu entwickeln, dessen Verfahrensergebnis Zerkleinerungsprodukte sind, die einer hochwertigen Weiterverwendung zuführbar sind.The invention has for its object to develop a process for the recycling of fiber composites whose process result crushing products that can be fed to a high-quality re-use.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 1 gelöst. Auf vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen nehmen die Unteransprüche Bezug.This object is achieved with the features of claim 1. In advantageous embodiments, the dependent claims relate.
Der erfindungsgemäße Baustoff enthält ein Bindemittel und eine Faserverstärkung, wobei die Faserverstärkung Fasernadeln umfasst, wobei die Fasernadeln aus wiederaufbereitetem Fasermaterial aus zerkleinerten Formteilen erzeugt sind, wobei die Fasernadeln Fasermaterial und Matrix aufweisen.The building material according to the invention contains a binder and a fiber reinforcement, wherein the fiber reinforcement comprises fiber needles, wherein the fiber needles are produced from recycled fiber material from comminuted molded parts, wherein the fiber needles have fiber material and matrix.
Insofern besteht die Faserverstärkung des erfindungsgemäßen Baustoffs aus wiederaufbereitetem Fasermaterial. Dabei erfolgt die Wiederaufbereitung derart, dass Matrix an den Fasern anhaftet. Es werden sowohl die Fasern als auch die Matrix des Ausgangsmaterials zur Herstellung der Faserverstärkung des Baustoffs verwendet.In this respect, the fiber reinforcement of the building material according to the invention consists of recycled fiber material. The recycling takes place in such a way that matrix adheres to the fibers. Both the fibers and the matrix of the starting material are used to produce the fiber reinforcement of the building material.
Bei dem Verfahren zur Wiederaufbereitung von Faserverbundwerkstoffen werden Elemente enthaltend Faserverbundwerkstoff in einen Prallreaktor gegeben und durch mechanische Beanspruchung zerkleinert, wobei die Zerkleinerung derart erfolgt, dass als Zerkleinerungsprodukt Fasernadeln mit anhaftender Matrix entstehen. In the process for the recycling of fiber composites elements containing fiber composite material are placed in a baffle reactor and comminuted by mechanical stress, the comminution takes place in such a way that arise as a shredded product fiber needles with adherent matrix.
Aus dem Stand der Technik war es bislang bekannt, Elemente, also Produkte oder Bauteile enthaltend Faserverbundwerkstoff entweder derart zu zerkleinern, dass das Zerkleinerungsprodukt ein Pulver ist. Alternativ wurde versucht, die Matrix vollständig von den Fasern zu trennen. Dabei ist jedoch problematisch, dass die Beschichtung, mit welcher die Fasern vorbehandelt sind, um eine Anhaftung der Matrix zu ermöglichen, dabei entfernt wird und erneut aufgebracht werden muss. Darüber hinaus ist das Verfahren sehr aufwendig, da Fasermaterial und Matrix einen sehr festen Verbund eingehen. Ferner ist problematisch, dass die so vereinzelten Fasern nicht mehr die ursprüngliche Festigkeit des ursprünglichen Fasermaterials erreichen.It has hitherto been known from the state of the art to either reduce the size of elements, ie products or components comprising fiber composite material, such that the size reduction product is a powder. Alternatively, an attempt was made to completely separate the matrix from the fibers. However, it is problematic that the coating with which the fibers are pretreated to allow adhesion of the matrix, thereby removed and must be reapplied. In addition, the process is very complicated, since fiber material and matrix form a very strong bond. Furthermore, it is problematic that the fibers thus separated no longer reach the original strength of the original fiber material.
Im Gegensatz zu den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahren ist es erfindungsgemäß gewünscht, dass an dem zerkleinerten Fasermaterial, den Fasernadeln, Matrix anhaftet. Das Verfahrensergebnis, also die Zerkleinerungsprodukte sind demnach nadelförmige Faserelemente, bestehend aus Fasern oder Faserbündeln, welche mit Matrix ummantelt sind. Insofern wird sowohl das Fasermaterial als auch die Matrix des Ausgangsmaterials der Wiederverwertung zugeführt.In contrast to the methods known from the prior art, it is desired according to the invention that the comminuted fiber material, the fiber needles, adhere to the matrix. The result of the process, that is to say the comminution products, are accordingly needle-shaped fiber elements consisting of fibers or fiber bundles which are encased in matrix. In this respect, both the fiber material and the matrix of the starting material is recycled.
Dabei erfolgt die Verfahrensführung vorzugsweise derart, dass sich an den Fasernadeln Bruchkanten mit unregelmäßiger Gestalt ergeben, welche das Anlagern des Bindemittels des Baustoffs verbessern. Dementsprechend wird bei der Zerkleinerung der Faserverbund aufgebrochen und es werden Faseranteile zusammen mit der Matrix vereinzelt.In this case, the process management preferably takes place in such a way that break edges with an irregular shape result at the fiber needles, which improve the attachment of the binder of the building material. Accordingly, during comminution, the fiber composite is broken up and fiber fractions are separated together with the matrix.
Vorzugsweise enthält das Zerkleinerungsprodukt Fasernadeln mit einer Faserlänge von 0,1 mm bis 20 mm. Dabei kann eine Fraktion auch Fasernadeln mit größerer oder kleinerer Faserlänge enthalten. Vorzugsweise beträgt die Faserlänge von 90 Gew.% einer Fraktion von Zerkleinerungsprodukten von 0,1 mm bis 20 mm. Besonders bevorzugt enthält das Zerkleinerungsprodukt Fasernadeln mit einer Faserlänge von 1 mm bis 10 mm. Aus einer Fraktion von Elementen, welche in dem Prallreaktor zerkleinert werden, entstehen demnach Fasernadeln mit anhaftender Matrix in unterschiedlichen Faserlängen, wobei die Faserlänge von 1 mm bis 10 mm beträgt. Das Zerkleinerungsprodukt ist schüttfähig und kann in einem Mischer verarbeitet werden. Insofern kann das Zerkleinerungsprodukt, die Fasernadeln, mit einfachen Mitteln weiterverarbeitet werden.The comminution product preferably contains fiber needles with a fiber length of 0.1 mm to 20 mm. A fraction may also contain fiber needles of greater or lesser fiber length. Preferably, the fiber length of 90 wt.% Of a fraction of crushed products from 0.1 mm to 20 mm. The comminution product particularly preferably contains fiber needles with a fiber length of 1 mm to 10 mm. From a fraction of elements which are comminuted in the impact reactor, therefore, fiber needles with adhering matrix in different fiber lengths, wherein the fiber length of 1 mm to 10 mm. The crushed product is free-flowing and can be processed in a mixer. In this respect, the shredded product, the fiber needles, can be further processed by simple means.
Das Ausgangsmaterial, die zu zerkleinernden Elemente, enthalten etwa 30 Gew.% bis Gew.% Matrix und 60 Gew.% bis 70 Gew.% Fasern. The starting material, the elements to be comminuted, contain about 30% by weight to% by weight matrix and 60% by weight to 70% by weight fibers.
Die Fasernadeln der vorgenannten Länge bilden als Zuschlag für den Baustoff eine Faserverstärkung. Durch willkürliches Ausrichten der Fasernadeln und einer gleichmäßigen Verteilung von Fasernadeln unterschiedlicher Länge ergeben sich dabei einerseits ein isometrisches Festigkeitsverhalten und andererseits eine überraschend hohe Festigkeit von aus dem Baustoff hergestellter Bauelemente. Insofern kann das wiederaufbereitete Fasermaterial in Form der Fasernadeln einer hochwertigen Wiederverwendung zugeführt werden. The fiber needles of the aforementioned length form as a supplement for the building material fiber reinforcement. By arbitrarily aligning the fiber needles and a uniform distribution of fiber needles of different lengths arise on the one hand, an isometric strength behavior and on the other hand, a surprisingly high strength produced from the building material components. In this respect, the reprocessed fiber material in the form of the fiber needles can be fed to a high quality reuse.
Zu einer Menge von Zerkleinerungsprodukten kann mittels Siebanalyse eine Sieblinie bestimmt werden. Dabei ist es beispielsweise denkbar, zu einer Fraktion zu zerkleinernder Elemente jeweils eine Siebanalyse durchzuführen und zu der zerkleinerten Fraktion die Sieblinie zu bestimmen.A sieving line can be determined by sieve analysis for a large number of crushed products. In this case, it is conceivable, for example, to carry out a sieve analysis in each case for a fraction to be comminuted and to determine the grading curve for the comminuted fraction.
Die Sieblinie zeigt die Verteilung der Faserlängen der zerkleinerten Fasernadeln der zerkleinerten Fraktion. Dadurch kann festgestellt werden, welche Faserlängenverteilung die Zerkleinerungsprodukte der zerkleinerten Fraktion aufweist.The sieving line shows the distribution of the fiber lengths of the shredded fiber needles of the crushed fraction. As a result, it can be determined which fiber length distribution the comminution products of the comminuted fraction have.
Durch Mischen verschiedener Fraktionen, welche unterschiedliche Sieblinien aufweisen, ist es somit möglich, für eine Menge Zerkleinerungsprodukte eine vorgegebene Faserlängenverteilung herzustellen. Dies ermöglicht die Herstellung von Formteilen mit gleichbleibenden Produkteigenschaften. Darüber hinaus ist denkbar, für verschiedene Anwendungszwecke verschiedene Rezepturen anzugeben, welche eine bestimmte Faserlängenverteilung aufweisen sollen. Eine konkrete Rezeptur kann durch gezieltes Mischen von Fraktionen von Zerkleinerungsprodukten erzielt werden. Eine derartige Rezeptur weist eine gleichbleibende Faserlängenverteilung auf.By mixing different fractions, which have different grading curves, it is thus possible to produce a predetermined fiber length distribution for a large number of comminuted products. This allows the production of molded parts with consistent product properties. In addition, it is conceivable to specify different formulations for different applications which should have a specific fiber length distribution. A concrete recipe can be achieved by targeted mixing of fractions of crushed products. Such a formulation has a uniform fiber length distribution.
Ein vorteilhafter Prallreaktor weist einen zylindrischen Mantel auf, der an einer Stirnseite mit einem Boden und an der anderen Stirnseite mit einem Deckel versehen ist. Dem Boden ist ein rotierbar gelagerter Prallkörper zugeordnet. Der zylindrische Mantel, der Boden und der Deckel schließen einen Prallreaktorraum auf. Der Deckel ist mit einer Öffnung zum Aufnehmen der Elemente versehen. Der Prallkörper kann Ketten umfassen oder als Rotor ausgebildet sein, der mit Prallelementen versehen ist. An advantageous impact reactor has a cylindrical shell, which is provided on one end face with a bottom and on the other end side with a lid. The soil is assigned a rotatably mounted impact body. The cylindrical shell, the bottom and the lid include an impingement reactor space. The lid is provided with an opening for receiving the elements. The impact body may comprise chains or be formed as a rotor, which is provided with baffles.
In dem Umfangsbereich des Prallreaktors können Auswurföffnungen angeordnet sein. Dabei sind die Auswurföffnungen vorzugsweise dem Mantel zugeordnet. Die Auswurföffnungen können mittels Klappen verschließbar sein. Die Auswurföffnungen ermöglichen das Ausschleusen der Zerkleinerungsprodukte.In the peripheral region of the baffle reactor ejection openings can be arranged. The ejection openings are preferably associated with the jacket. The ejection openings can be closed by means of flaps. The ejection openings allow the discharge of the crushed products.
Vorzugsweise sind die Auswurföffnungen so ausgestaltet, dass das Zerkleinerungsprodukt kontinuierlich aus dem Prallreaktor herausgeschleust werden kann. Hierbei ist vorteilhaft, dass die Verweilzeit des Faserverbundwerkstoffs in dem Prallreaktorraum nur sehr kurz ist, so dass die mechanische Einwirkung durch den Prallkörper begrenzt ist. Ein Ausschleusen der Zerkleinerungsprodukte erfolgt bereits, wenn die gewünschte Faserlänge erreicht ist. Hierbei ist vorteilhaft, dass ein Großteil der Matrix nach wie vor an den Fasern anhaftet und dass die das Zerkleinerungsprodukt bildenden Fasernadeln scharfe und unregelmäßige Bruchkanten aufweisen, welche das Anlagern neuer Matrix verbessert.Preferably, the ejection openings are designed so that the crushed product can be continuously removed from the impingement reactor. It is advantageous that the residence time of the fiber composite material in the baffle reactor space is only very short, so that the mechanical action is limited by the impact body. A rejection of the crushing products already takes place when the desired fiber length is reached. It is advantageous here that a large part of the matrix still adheres to the fibers and that the fibers needles forming the shredded product have sharp and irregular break edges, which improves the attachment of new matrix.
Die Auswurföffnungen können mit geschlitzten oder gelochten Abdeckblechen abgedeckt sein. Die geschlitzten oder gelochten Abdeckbleche ermöglichen einerseits einen kontinuierlichen Austrag der Zerkleinerungsprodukte und andererseits einen Austrag der Zerkleinerungsprodukte, sobald diese die gewünschte Faserlänge erreicht haben. Zum einen ist dadurch die Verweilzeit des Faserverbundmaterials in dem Prallreaktor sehr kurz und zum anderen können Fasernadeln mit einer großen Faserlänge aus dem Prallreaktor herausgeschleust werden.The ejection openings can be covered with slotted or perforated cover plates. The slotted or perforated cover plates allow on the one hand a continuous discharge of the crushed products and on the other hand a discharge of the crushed products as soon as they have reached the desired fiber length. On the one hand thereby the residence time of the fiber composite material in the impact reactor is very short and on the other hand fiber needles with a large fiber length can be removed from the impact reactor.
Insofern erfolgt ein kontinuierliches Ausschleusen zerkleinerten Materials während der Zerkleinerung der Elemente. Die Zerkleinerungsprodukte verlassen den Prallreaktor unmittelbar dann, wenn diese soweit zerkleinert sind, dass diese durch die Abdeckbleche hindurchpassen.In this respect, a continuous discharge of comminuted material takes place during the comminution of the elements. The crushed products leave the impact reactor immediately when they are crushed so far that they pass through the cover plates.
Die Wahl der Abdeckbleche kann in Abhängigkeit einer zuvor durchgeführten Siebanalyse modifiziert werden. Dabei können die Abdeckbleche beispielweise hinsichtlich Durchmesser und Geometrie der Durchgangsöffnungen so gewählt werden, dass Fasernadeln mit einer gewünschten Faserlängenverteilung aus dem Prallreaktor ausgeschleust werden können.The choice of cover plates can be modified depending on a previously performed sieve analysis. The cover plates can be selected, for example, in terms of diameter and geometry of the through holes so that fiber needles can be discharged with a desired fiber length distribution from the baffle reactor.
Es können Abdeckbleche mit unterschiedlich dimensionierten Durchgangsöffnungen vorgesehen sein. Dadurch kann eine Trennung von Fasernadeln in Abhängigkeit der Faserlänge bereits beim Ausschleusen der Fasernadeln aus dem Prallreaktor erfolgen.There may be provided cover plates with differently sized through holes. As a result, a separation of fiber needles as a function of the fiber length can already take place during the discharge of the fiber needles from the impact reactor.
Sofern es wünschenswert ist, eine weitere Zerkleinerung durchzuführen, können die Abdeckbleche durch Abdeckklappen verschlossen werden. If it is desirable to carry out a further comminution, the cover plates can be closed by cover flaps.
Zusätzlich zu den Abdeckblechen können Auswurfklappen zum Auswerfen von Großteilen vorgesehen sein. Dies ist insbesondere dann vorteilhaft, wenn Verbundstoffe mit Materialkombinationen in dem Prallreaktor verarbeitet werden. Enthält der Verbundstoff sowohl Metallanteile als auch Faserverbundwerkstoff, wird der Faserverbundwerkstoff in Form der Fasernadeln während der Zerkleinerung kontinuierlich aus dem Prallreaktor ausgeschleust. Der Metallanteil kann anschließend über die Auswurfklappe entnommen werden.In addition to the cover plates ejection flaps can be provided for ejecting large parts. This is particularly advantageous when composites with material combinations are processed in the impingement reactor. If the composite contains both metal components and fiber composite material, the fiber composite material in the form of the fiber needles is continuously discharged from the impact reactor during comminution. The metal content can then be removed via the discharge flap.
Dem Prallreaktor kann eine Klassiereinrichtung zugeordnet sein. Diese kann sich unmittelbar an die Auswurföffnung anschließen. Die Klassiereinrichtung kann Siebe umfassen, welche eine Sortierung der Zerkleinerungsprodukte nach Faserlänge ermöglichen. Insofern kann nach dem Austritt der Zerkleinerungsprodukte aus der Auswurföffnung eine Siebanalyse durchgeführt werden bzw. die Fasern können nach Faserlänge sortiert werden. Dies ermöglicht eine vorteilhafte Zusammenstellung von Fasern mit bestimmter Faserlänge. Die vorteilhafte gewählte Faserlängenverteilung kann auch durch die oben beschriebene Auswahl der Abdeckbleche erzielt werden. Daraus können besonders hochwertige neue Formteile hergestellt werden.The baffle reactor may be associated with a classifier. This can be connected directly to the discharge opening. The classifier may comprise screens which allow sorting of the shredded products by fiber length. In this respect, a sieve analysis can be carried out after the discharge of the comminution products from the discharge opening, or the fibers can be sorted according to fiber length. This allows an advantageous combination of fibers with a certain fiber length. The advantageous selected fiber length distribution can also be achieved by the selection of cover plates described above. From this, especially high-quality new molded parts can be produced.
Das Fasermaterial kann Glasfasern, Kohlenstofffasern, Basaltfasern und/oder Aramidfasern enthalten. Aus Glasfasern oder Basaltfasern hergestellte Faserverbundwerkstoffe sind zwar preiswert, fallen aber auch in einer besonders großen Stückzahl an. Aus Kohlenstofffasern hergestellte Faserverbundwerkstoffe sind besonders kostenintensiv und schwierig in der Verarbeitung. Aufgrund der hohen Festigkeit war die Wiederaufbereitung derartiger Faserverbundwerkstoffe bislang schwierig. Es hat sich aber gezeigt, dass aus den Fasernadeln hergestellte Formkörper sehr gute Materialeigenschaften aufweisen, insbesondere wenn die Fasernadeln Kohlenstofffasern umfassen. Die das Zerkleinerungsprodukt bildenden Fasernadeln bestehen dabei aus Bündeln von Kohlenstoffasern, an welchen Matrix anhaftet. The fibrous material may contain glass fibers, carbon fibers, basalt fibers and / or aramid fibers. Although fiber composites made from glass fibers or basalt fibers are inexpensive, they also accumulate in a particularly large number of pieces. Composite fiber composites made from carbon fibers are particularly cost intensive and difficult to process. Due to the high strength, the reprocessing of such fiber composites has been difficult. However, it has been found that shaped articles produced from the fiber needles have very good material properties, in particular when the fiber needles comprise carbon fibers. The fiber needles forming the comminution product consist of bundles of carbon fibers to which matrix adheres.
Damit ein fester Verbund aus Matrix und Faser entstehen kann, werden Fasern mit einer Schlichte versehen. Insofern werden beispielsweise Glasfasern mit Glasfaserschlichten und Kohlenstofffasern mit Carbonfaserschlichten versehen. Die Schlichten lagern sich in Form einer Beschichtung an den Fasern an und verbessern die Haftfähigkeit gegenüber der Matrix. Die durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren hergestellten Fasernadeln enthalten Fasern mit anhaftender Schlichte und anhaftender Matrix. Insofern ist es nicht erforderlich, die Fasernadeln erneut mit einer Schlichte zu versehen. Die Fasernadeln können direkt in eine neue Matrix eingebettet und zu einem Formteil weiterverarbeitet werden. Dadurch, dass die ursprüngliche Schlichte an den Fasern anhaftet, ist eine feste Anbindung der neuen Matrix an die Fasern gewährleistet. Dadurch entstehen Formteile mit überraschend hohen Festigkeitswerten, obwohl wiederverwertetes Fasermaterial zum Einsatz kommt.In order for a solid matrix and fiber composite to form, fibers are sized. In this respect, for example, glass fibers are provided with glass fiber sizes and carbon fibers with carbon fiber sizes. The sizings deposit in the form of a coating on the fibers and improve the adhesion to the matrix. The fiber needles produced by the process of the present invention contain fibers having adhered size and adherent matrix. In this respect, it is not necessary to re-coat the fiber needles. The fiber needles can be embedded directly into a new matrix and processed into a molded part. The fact that the original sizing adheres to the fibers, a firm connection of the new matrix is guaranteed to the fibers. This results in moldings with surprisingly high strength values, although recycled fiber material is used.
Die Elemente können vor der Zerkleinerung in dem Prallreaktor einer Vorzerkleinerung zugeführt werden. Durch die Vorzerkleinerung können aus großen Formteilen, beispielsweise aus Rotorblättern von Windkraftanlagen blockähnliche Elemente hergestellt werden, welche in einen Prallreaktor eingefüllt werden können. Die Vorzerkleinerung kann beispielsweise durch Sägen oder Wasserstrahlschneiden erfolgen. Die durch die Vorzerkleinerung entstehenden Elemente können dann mittels herkömmlicher Fördereinrichtungen wie beispielsweise Förderbänder transportiert werden und sind schüttfähig. The elements can be fed to a pre-crushing prior to crushing in the impingement reactor. By pre-crushing block-like elements can be produced from large moldings, for example from rotor blades of wind turbines, which can be filled into a baffle reactor. The pre-crushing can be done for example by sawing or water jet cutting. The resulting from the pre-crushing elements can then be transported by conventional conveyors such as conveyor belts and are free-flowing.
Der Baustoff kann zusätzlich zu der Faserverstärkung einen Zuschlag aufweisen. Vorzugsweise liegt der Zuschlag in Form einer Gesteinskörnung vor. Die Gesteinskörnung kann sich dabei beispielsweise aus Kies und Sand in unterschiedlichen Korngrößen zusammensetzen.The building material may have a surcharge in addition to the fiber reinforcement. Preferably, the aggregate is in the form of an aggregate. The aggregate can be composed, for example, of gravel and sand in different particle sizes.
Der Baustoff kann 85 Gew.% bis 95 Gew.% Zuschlag, 5 Gew.% bis 15 Gew.% Bindemittel und 0,001 Gew.% bis 0,1 Gew.% Fasern enthalten. Überraschenderweise hat sich herausgestellt, dass bereits eine geringe Menge Faserverstärkung ausreicht, um die Materialeigenschaften des Baustoffs signifikant zu verbessern.The building material may contain 85% by weight to 95% by weight of aggregate, 5% by weight to 15% by weight of binder and 0.001% by weight to 0.1% by weight of fibers. Surprisingly, it has been found that even a small amount of fiber reinforcement is sufficient to significantly improve the material properties of the building material.
Das Bindemittel kann Zement enthalten. In diesem Fall kann der Baustoff als Beton ausgebildet sein, welcher mit einer Faserverstärkung versehen ist. Ein derartiger Baustoff auf der Basis von Zement ist insbesondere für den Einsatz im Tunnelbau geeignet. In diesem Fall kann der Anteil der Faserverstärkung aus wiederaufbereiteten Fasernadeln bis zu 10 Gew.% betragen.The binder may contain cement. In this case, the building material may be formed as concrete, which is provided with a fiber reinforcement. Such a building material based on cement is particularly suitable for use in tunneling. In this case, the proportion of fiber reinforcement of recycled fiber needles may be up to 10% by weight.
Nach einer alternativen Ausgestaltung kann der Baustoff auch das Bindemittel Bitumen enthalten. In diesem Fall kann der Baustoff als Asphalt ausgebildet sein. Ein derartiger Baustoff auf der Basis von Bitumen ist insbesondere für den Einsatz als Straßenbelag im Tiefbau geeignet. Hier haben Untersuchungen gezeigt, dass bereits eine Faserverstärkung in einem Anteil von 0,001 Gew.% des Baustoffs zu einer signifikanten Verbesserung der Festigkeit und Tragfähigkeit führt.According to an alternative embodiment, the building material may also contain the binder bitumen. In this case, the building material may be formed as asphalt. Such a building material based on bitumen is particularly suitable for use as a road surface in civil engineering. Here, investigations have shown that even a fiber reinforcement in a proportion of 0.001 wt.% Of the building material leads to a significant improvement in strength and load capacity.
Insofern enthält ein erfindungsgemäßer Straßenbelag ein Bindemittel auf der Basis von Bitumen, einen Zuschlag in Form einer Gesteinskörnung und eine Faserverstärkung in Form von wiederaufbereiteten Fasernadeln.In this respect, a road surface according to the invention contains a binder based on bitumen, an aggregate in the form of an aggregate and a fiber reinforcement in the form of recycled fiber needles.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand der Figur näher erläutert. Diese zeigt schematisch:The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the figure. This shows schematically:
Fig. 1 einen Prallreaktor zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.1 shows a baffle reactor for carrying out the method according to the invention.
Figur 1 zeigt einen Prallreaktor 1, beziehungsweise eine Prallreaktoranordnung zum Zerkleinern von Elementen, welche Faserverbundmaterial enthalten.FIG. 1 shows a baffle reactor 1 or a baffle reactor arrangement for comminuting elements which contain fiber composite material.
Das Ausgangsmaterial sind beispielsweise Rotorblätter von Windkraftanlagen, welche Strukturbauteile in Form von eingebetteten Profilen aus Faserverbundmaterial aus Kohlenstofffasern aufweisen. Derartige Rotorblätter können eine Länge von 60 m aufweisen. Damit das Material dem Prallreaktor 1 zuführbar ist, erfolgt zunächst eine Vorzerkleinerung der Rotorblätter, bei welcher blockähnliche Elemente entstehen. Die Vorzerkleinerung erfolgt mittels Sägen.The starting material, for example, rotor blades of wind turbines, which have structural components in the form of embedded profiles of fiber composite material of carbon fibers. Such rotor blades can have a length of 60 m. In order for the material to be fed to the impact reactor 1, a preliminary comminution of the rotor blades takes place, in which block-like elements are formed. The pre-shredding is done by means of sawing.
Das Ausgangsprodukt weist vor der Zerkleinerung etwa 35 Gew.% Matrix und 65 Gew.% Fasermaterial in Form von Kohlenstofffasern auf. Die Matrix besteht aus duromerem Kunstharz und bildet mit den Kohlenstofffasern einen festen Verbund.Before the comminution, the starting product has about 35% by weight of matrix and 65% by weight of fiber material in the form of carbon fibers. The matrix is made of thermosetting synthetic resin and forms a strong bond with the carbon fibers.
Der Prallreaktor 1 umfasst einen Boden 10 und einen zylindrischen Mantel 2 aus metallischem Material. Im Bodenbereich, im Inneren des Mantels 2 ist ein Rotor 3 angeordnet, welcher mit Prallelementen 5 versehen ist. Der Rotor 3 ist mit einem Elektromotor 6 wirkverbunden, welcher außerhalb des Mantels 2 angeordnet ist. Die den Rotor 3 mit dem Elektromotor 6 verbindende Welle verläuft in Axialrichtung des zylindrischen Mantels 2. Der Rotor 3 ist mit Flügeln 4 versehen, welche radial von der Welle abragen. An den Enden der freien Flügel 4 sind Prallelemente 5 angeordnet. Die Prallelemente 5 sind auswechselbar an den Flügeln 4 befestigt.The impact reactor 1 comprises a bottom 10 and a cylindrical shell 2 of metallic material. In the bottom area, inside the shell 2, a rotor 3 is arranged, which is provided with baffles 5. The rotor 3 is operatively connected to an electric motor 6, which is arranged outside the shell 2. The shaft connecting the rotor 3 to the electric motor 6 extends in the axial direction of the cylindrical jacket 2. The rotor 3 is provided with wings 4 which protrude radially from the shaft. At the ends of the free wings 4 baffles 5 are arranged. The baffles 5 are removably attached to the wings 4.
Der Prallreaktor 1 ist an der vom Rotor abgewandten Stirnseite mit einem Deckel 7 verschlossen, so dass Boden 10, Mantel 2 und Deckel 7 einen Prallreaktorraum einschließen. Der Deckel 7 weist eine Einfüllöffnung 9 zum Einfüllen der Elemente auf. Der Mantel 2 ist ferner in Höhe des Rotors 3 mit einer Auswurföffnung 8 zum Ausschleusen der Zerkleinerungsprodukte versehen. In die Auswurföffnung 8 sind gelochte Abdeckbleche 11 eingesetzt. Die Abdeckbleche 11 bilden Siebe, welche Zerkleinerungsprodukte in der gewünschte Partikelgröße hindurchlassen.The impact reactor 1 is closed at the end face remote from the rotor with a cover 7, so that the bottom 10, casing 2 and cover 7 include a baffle reactor space. The lid 7 has a filling opening 9 for filling the elements. The jacket 2 is further provided at the height of the rotor 3 with an ejection opening 8 for discharging the crushed products. In the discharge opening 8 perforated cover plates 11 are used. The cover plates 11 form screens, which pass crushing products in the desired particle size.
Zum Zerkleinern werden die vorzerkleinerten Elemente über die Einfüllöffnung 9 in den Prallreaktorraum gegeben. Die Elemente werden unter Einwirkung des mit den Prallelementen 5 versehenen Rotors 3 zu Zerkleinerungsprodukten in Form von Fasernadeln zerkleinert und über die Auswurföffnung 8 aus dem Prallreaktorraum ausgeschleust. Die Entnahme des Zerkleinerungsproduktes aus dem Prallreaktorraum erfolgt bei der vorliegenden Ausgestaltung kontinuierlich. Die Fasernadeln werden demnach unmittelbar nach Erreichen der gewünschten Faserlänge ausgeschleust.For comminution, the pre-shredded elements are introduced via the filling opening 9 into the impingement reactor chamber. The elements are comminuted under the action of the rotor 3 provided with the baffles 5 to comminution products in the form of fiber needles and discharged through the discharge opening 8 from the baffle reactor space. The removal of the crushed product from the baffle reactor space takes place continuously in the present embodiment. The fiber needles are thus discharged immediately after reaching the desired fiber length.
Alternativ kann die Auswurföffnung auch durch eine Klappe verschließbar sein, so dass die Vorrichtung auch für einen batchweisen Betrieb geeignet ist.Alternatively, the ejection opening can also be closed by a flap, so that the device is also suitable for batchwise operation.
Die Zerkleinerungsprodukte in Form der Fasernadeln weisen eine Faserlänge von 0,1 mm bis 10 mm auf. Die Fasernadeln bestehen aus Fasermaterial und an dem Fasermaterial anhaftender Matrix. Das Fasermaterial besteht wiederum aus Faserbündeln und aus Schlichte, welche eine feste Anhaftung der Matrix an dem Fasermaterial ermöglicht. Insofern sind die Fasernadeln nach wie vor ein Verbundmaterial aus Fasermaterial und Matrix. Das Fasermaterial ist in die Matrix eingebettet, wobei die Fasernadeln aufgrund der Zerkleinerung scharfkantige und unregelmäßige Bruchkanten aufweisen, welche die Anhaftung neuer Matrix verbessert.The shredded products in the form of the fiber needles have a fiber length of 0.1 mm to 10 mm. The fiber needles consist of fiber material and matrix adhering to the fiber material. The fiber material in turn consists of fiber bundles and of sizing, which allows a firm adhesion of the matrix to the fiber material. In this respect, the fiber needles are still a composite material of fiber material and matrix. The fiber material is embedded in the matrix, with the fiber needles having sharp edges and irregular break edges due to comminution, which improves the adhesion of new matrix.
Nach der Zerkleinerung in dem Prallrektor 1 wird anhand einer Fraktion Fasernadeln eine Siebanalyse durchgeführt und eine Sieblinie bestimmt. Dadurch ist die Faserlängenverteilung der Fraktion bekannt und es kann durch Mischen verschiedener Fraktionen eine Mischung aus Fasernadeln mit vorgegebener Faserlängenverteilung hergestellt werden. Die Siebanalyse erfolgt durch Siebe der Fasernadeln in Sieben mit sinkender Maschenweite.After comminution in the impact reeler 1, a sieve analysis is carried out using a fraction of fiber needles and a grading curve is determined. As a result, the fiber length distribution of the fraction is known and it can be prepared by mixing different fractions, a mixture of fiber needles with a predetermined fiber length distribution. The sieve analysis is carried out by sieves of the fiber needles in sieves with decreasing mesh size.
Der Baustoff enthält ein Bindemittel und eine Faserverstärkung, wobei die Faserverstärkung Fasernadeln umfasst, wobei die Fasernadeln aus wiederaufbereitetem Fasermaterial aus zerkleinerten Formteilen erzeugt sind, wobei die Fasernadeln Fasermaterial und Matrix aufweisen. Die Faserlänge der Fasernadeln beträgt von 0,1 mm bis 10 mm. Der Baustoff enthält ferner einen Zuschlag in Form einer Gesteinskörnung.The building material contains a binder and a fiber reinforcement, wherein the fiber reinforcement comprises fiber needles, wherein the fiber needles are made of recycled fiber material from comminuted molded parts, wherein the fiber needles have fiber material and matrix. The fiber length of the fiber needles is from 0.1 mm to 10 mm. The building material also contains a supplement in the form of an aggregate.
Der Baustoff enthält 85 Gew.% bis 95 Gew.% Zuschlag, 5 Gew.% bis 15 Gew.% Bindemittel und 0,001 Gew.% bis 0,1 Gew.% Fasernadeln.The building material contains 85% by weight to 95% by weight of aggregate, 5% by weight to 15% by weight of binder and 0.001% by weight to 0.1% by weight of fiber needles.
Nach einer ersten Ausgestaltung enthält das Bindemittel Zement. In diesem Fall können bis zu 10 Gew.% Fasernadeln vorgesehen sein. Ein vorteilhafter Betonbaustoff umfasst 80 Gew.% Zuschlag in Form von Gesteinskörnung und Sand, 15 Gew.% Bindemittel in Form von Zement und 5 Gew.% Faserverstärkung in Form von wiederaufbereiteten Fasernadeln.According to a first embodiment, the binder contains cement. In this case, up to 10% by weight of fiber needles may be provided. An advantageous concrete building material comprises 80% by weight aggregate in the form of aggregate and sand, 15% by weight of binder in the form of cement and 5% by weight of fiber reinforcement in the form of recycled fiber needles.
Nach einer zweiten Ausgestaltung enthält das Bindemittel Bitumen. Ein vorteilhafter Asphaltbaustoff zur Verwendung als Straßenbelag umfasst 89,999 Gew.% Zuschlag in Form von Gesteinskörnung, 10 Gew.% Bindemittel in Form von Bitumen und 0,001 Gew.% Faserverstärkung in Form von wiederaufbereiteten Fasernadeln.In a second embodiment, the binder contains bitumen. An advantageous asphalt building material for use as a road surface comprises 89.999% by weight aggregate aggregate, 10% by weight binder in the form of bitumen, and 0.001% by weight fiber reinforcement in the form of recycled fiber needles.
Claims (7)
- Baustoff, enthaltend ein Bindemittel und eine Faserverstärkung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Faserverstärkung Fasernadeln umfasst, wobei die Fasernadeln aus wiederaufbereitetem Fasermaterial aus zerkleinerten Formteilen erzeugt sind, wobei die Fasernadeln Fasermaterial und Matrix aufweisen. Building material containing a binder and a fiber reinforcement, characterized in that the fiber reinforcement comprises fiber needles, wherein the fiber needles are made of recycled fiber material from comminuted molded parts, wherein the fiber needles have fiber material and matrix.
- Baustoff nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Faserlänge der Fasernadeln 0,1 mm bis 20 mm beträgt. Building material according to claim 1, characterized in that the fiber length of the fiber needles is 0.1 mm to 20 mm.
- Baustoff nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Baustoff einen Zuschlag enthält.Building material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the building material contains a supplement.
- Baustoff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Baustoff 85 Gew.% bis 95 Gew.% Zuschlag, 5 Gew.% bis 15 Gew.% Bindemittel und 0,001 Gew.% bis 0,1 Gew.% Fasernadeln enthält.Building material according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the building material 85 wt.% To 95 wt.% Supplement, 5 wt.% To 15 wt.% Binder and 0.001 wt.% To 0.1 wt.% Fiber needles contains ,
- Baustoff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bindemittel Zement enthält.Building material according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the binder contains cement.
- Baustoff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bindemittel Bitumen enthält.Building material according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the binder contains bitumen.
- Straßenbeleg enthaltend einen Baustoffstoff nach Anspruch 6.Road document containing a building material according to claim 6.
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DE102017110282.5A DE102017110282A1 (en) | 2017-05-11 | 2017-05-11 | building material |
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CN115849817A (en) * | 2022-12-05 | 2023-03-28 | 北京空间智筑技术有限公司 | Building 3D printing material, manufacturing method thereof and building 3D printing equipment |
Citations (3)
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EP0473990A2 (en) | 1990-08-24 | 1992-03-11 | BASF Aktiengesellschaft | Recycling of plastics waste |
US5681194A (en) * | 1992-06-09 | 1997-10-28 | Baker; Richard | Recycled fibre reinforced resin containing product |
WO2011116030A2 (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2011-09-22 | Global Recycle Solutions, Inc. | Recycled composite materials and related methods |
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DE9310303U1 (en) * | 1993-07-10 | 1993-09-02 | Rütgerswerke AG, 60327 Frankfurt | Building protection plate |
JP2006167656A (en) * | 2004-12-17 | 2006-06-29 | Shinzo Nohara | Recovering method of fiber from frp waste, and slate using fiber recovered by the method |
DE102011087367A1 (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2013-05-29 | Dyckerhoff Ag | Fiber reinforced concrete |
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EP0473990A2 (en) | 1990-08-24 | 1992-03-11 | BASF Aktiengesellschaft | Recycling of plastics waste |
US5681194A (en) * | 1992-06-09 | 1997-10-28 | Baker; Richard | Recycled fibre reinforced resin containing product |
WO2011116030A2 (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2011-09-22 | Global Recycle Solutions, Inc. | Recycled composite materials and related methods |
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CN115849817A (en) * | 2022-12-05 | 2023-03-28 | 北京空间智筑技术有限公司 | Building 3D printing material, manufacturing method thereof and building 3D printing equipment |
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