WO2018205897A1 - 加热装置 - Google Patents

加热装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018205897A1
WO2018205897A1 PCT/CN2018/085816 CN2018085816W WO2018205897A1 WO 2018205897 A1 WO2018205897 A1 WO 2018205897A1 CN 2018085816 W CN2018085816 W CN 2018085816W WO 2018205897 A1 WO2018205897 A1 WO 2018205897A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heating
electric heating
positive
heating device
wires
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/085816
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘岩
Original Assignee
捷温有限责任公司
刘岩
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 捷温有限责任公司, 刘岩 filed Critical 捷温有限责任公司
Publication of WO2018205897A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018205897A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/56—Heating or ventilating devices
    • B60N2/5678—Heating or ventilating devices characterised by electrical systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/56—Heating or ventilating devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/029—Heaters specially adapted for seat warmers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating device, in particular a heating device for a car seat.
  • Heatable seats have been widely adopted in modern automobiles.
  • a heatable seat includes a seat body and a heating pad disposed on the seat body.
  • the heating pad is formed by a heating device including a carrier, positive and negative electrodes disposed on the carrier, and a plurality of electrical heating wires disposed between the positive and negative electrodes and electrically connected to the electrodes. Since the electric heating wires are supplied by the supplier according to the standard, the shape of each electric heating wire is the same.
  • the electric heating wires are arranged sparsely in parallel with each other as needed. However, this arrangement can only ensure that the temperature rises substantially uniformly along the longitudinal direction of the positive and negative electrodes, and that the temperature rise is not uniform for the case where the lateral distance between the positive and negative electrodes changes.
  • the seat mask needs to be covered with the heating pad and sewn to the seat body.
  • the seat manufacturer assembles the heating pad with the electric heating wire of this standard specification, in order to avoid these irregularly shaped slots, it is necessary to make the electric heating wire away from the position where the slot is to be formed, causing a large distance around the slot. The large area cannot be heated, affecting the overall heating uniformity of the heating mat.
  • the present invention is directed to an improved heating device, particularly an improved heating device for a car seat, the electric heating wire arrangement of the heating device being more rational, so that the temperature of the entire heating device is more uniform, The wasted space is smaller and the heating device for different shapes is more adaptable.
  • a heating device in particular a heating device for a car seat, comprising:
  • Positive and negative electrodes fixed on the carrier for connection to a power source
  • a plurality of electric heating wires fixed on the carrier and electrically connected to the positive and negative electrodes, and a heating zone is defined between the positive and negative electrodes by the plurality of electric heating wires, wherein At least one of the plurality of electrically heated wires is arranged in a different shape than the other electrically heated wires such that the absolute value of the difference in thermal power density between any two measurement sites in the heating zone Less than a prescribed value allows the heating device to uniformly heat up as a whole when the heating device is energized.
  • the shape of the crucible of the at least one electric heating wire is regularly varied.
  • the shape of the crucible of the at least one electric heating wire is irregularly changed.
  • an opening is formed in the carrier, the opening having at least one non-linear edge, the shape of the electric heating wire near the non-linear edge or its envelope follows or substantially follows The non-linear edge.
  • a sub-heating zone directly adjacent to the opening is defined on the carrier, and an edge of the sub-heating zone is substantially parallel to the non-linear edge, among the plurality of electric heating wires
  • At least one electrical heating wire is at least partially located within the sub-heating zone such that the electrical heating wire at least partially follows an edge of the sub-heating zone or an envelope of the electrical heating wire follows or substantially follows The edge of the sub-heating zone, in particular the envelope is adjacent to the edge.
  • the opening is an arcuate slot for suturing the mask to the carrier.
  • a through hole is formed in the carrier, and a shape of the crucible of the electric heating wire adjacent to the through hole or an envelope thereof at least partially surrounds the through hole.
  • the positive and negative electrodes are elongated positive and negative electrodes, which are not parallel to each other, and the electric heating wires are arranged in a shape of a periodic cycle, and electricity is arranged at a narrow distance between the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the amplitude and/or period length of the heater wire is greater than the amplitude and/or period length of the electrical heater wire disposed at a wider distance between the positive and negative electrodes.
  • At least two of the electric heating wires have the same length between the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the length of all electrical heating lines between the positive and negative electrodes is the same.
  • each electric heating wire is braided from a plurality of carbon fiber filaments.
  • the power source connected to the positive and negative electrodes is a 48V power source
  • the heating zone includes a plurality of sub-regions extending laterally between the positive and negative electrodes, and at least one of the sub-regions is provided with at least one electrical plus a hot wire that is routed in the sub-region in a specific type or pattern such that the absolute value of the difference in thermal power density between any two measurement sites in the sub-heating zone is less than a specified value, allowing When the heating device is energized, the heating zone as a whole is uniformly heated.
  • the cross-sectional dimensions of at least two of the electric heating wires may be the same or different.
  • the electrode and/or the electric heating wire are fixed to the carrier by sewing or bonding.
  • At least one of the electrical heating wires is routed in a smooth transition.
  • the electric heating wire is wired in the manner of a trademark, text or number of a car manufacturer.
  • a heating mat for a car seat wherein the heating mat comprises the aforementioned heating means.
  • a car seat comprising a seat body and a heating pad according to the foregoing disposed on the seat body.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows a prior art heating device in the form of a trapezoid
  • Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a heating device in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention in a trapezoidal shape
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of another heating device of the prior art; wherein the heating device is provided with two arcuate grooves;
  • Figure 4 is a view schematically showing a heating device according to another embodiment of the present invention, which corresponds to the heating device shown in Figure 3, and is also provided with two arcuate grooves;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of another heating device of the prior art, wherein the heating device is provided with a plurality of through holes and two arcuate grooves;
  • Figure 6 is a view schematically showing a heating device according to another embodiment of the present invention, which corresponds to the heating device shown in Figure 5, and is also provided with a plurality of through holes and two arcuate grooves;
  • FIGS 7a and 7b schematically illustrate wiring patterns in two different heating devices of the prior art for 12V and 48V voltage specifications
  • Fig. 8 is a view schematically showing a wiring pattern in a heating device of one embodiment of the present invention for a voltage specification of 48V.
  • the present invention provides a heating device, particularly a heating device for a car seat.
  • the heating device can be used to form a heating mat for a car seat.
  • the heating device includes a carrier, positive and negative electrodes disposed on the carrier, and a plurality of electrical heating wires disposed between the positive and negative electrodes and electrically connected to the electrodes.
  • each of the electric heating wires may be, for example, braided from a plurality of carbon fiber filaments so as to be bent into any shape as desired.
  • the electrodes and/or electrical heating wires can be secured to the carrier by sewing, bonding or any means well known in the art.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a heating device 100 of the prior art.
  • the heating device 100 includes a carrier 101 that is generally trapezoidal.
  • Two elongated positive and negative electrodes 102 and 103 are arranged on the carrier 101 substantially parallel to the two oblique sides of the trapezoid. Electrodes 102 and 103 can be connected to a power source (not shown).
  • a plurality of electrical heater wires 104 are disposed on the carrier 101 at least partially between the electrodes 102 and 103. These electric heating wires 104 are manufactured and supplied by the supplier in a uniform shape. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, although each of the electric heating wires 104 has a meandering shape, the respective electric heating wires 104 are identical in shape to each other.
  • the distances at which the different electrical heating lines 104 are connected between the electrodes 102 and 103 are different. In Fig. 1, this difference is represented by the distances L1, L2, and L3, respectively, where L1 ⁇ L2 ⁇ L3.
  • L1 ⁇ L2 ⁇ L3 When the electrodes 102 and 103 are connected to the power source and energized, current flows through the electrical heating lines represented by the three distances, respectively. Since the cross-sectional specifications of each of the electric heating wires 104 are the same, the electrical resistance of each of the electric heating wires 104 is proportional to the distance between the electrodes.
  • the heating rate of the electric heating lines represented by the three distances is different in a certain period of time, and the lateral heating area represented by L1 is the fastest heating, and the electric heating line represented by L3 is the fastest.
  • the lateral area at the location is the slowest.
  • one measure in the prior art is to arrange the respective electric heating wires 104 at different intervals from each other, for example, at L3, more electric heating wires are arranged in parallel with each other, and at L1. Less electric heating wires are arranged in parallel with each other.
  • FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a heating device 200 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the heating device 200 includes a carrier 201 that is generally trapezoidal.
  • Two elongated positive and negative electrodes 202 and 203 are arranged on the carrier 201 substantially parallel to the two oblique sides of the trapezoid. Electrodes 202 and 203 can be connected to a power source (not shown).
  • a plurality of electrical heater wires 204 are disposed on the carrier 201 at least partially between the electrodes 202 and 203. In the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • each of the electric heating wires 204 is disposed such that its length between the two electrodes 202 and 203 is the same, which means that each of the electric heating wires 204 is at the two electrodes 202 and 203.
  • the resistance values are the same, resulting in the same heating power per electrical heating line when energized.
  • each of the electric heating wires 204 is arranged in a meandering manner, but the manners of the turns are different from each other.
  • an electric heating wire 204 is wired in a manner similar to a sine wave or a cosine wave; Whereas the two electrodes 202 and 203 are furthest from each other (such as the trapezoidal longer lower bottom edge in Fig.
  • an electric heating wire 204 is also wired in a manner similar to a sine wave or a cosine wave, but The amplitude of the waveform of the previous electric heating line is significantly larger than the amplitude of the waveform of the latter electric heating line.
  • the electric heating wires 204 are arranged in parallel with each other in such a manner that the amplitude from the upper bottom edge to the lower bottom edge is sequentially decreased. In the area enclosed by the waveform envelope of each electric heating line, the arrangement of the electric heating lines is more evenly distributed, resulting in a more uniform temperature rise, in particular ensuring a more uniform lateral heating between the two electrodes.
  • the period of the waveform can be changed, for example, by sequentially decreasing or increasing the waveform period from the upper base to the lower base, thereby achieving a more uniform temperature rise.
  • the waveform in FIG. 2 is not limited to a sine wave or a cosine wave, and may be any cyclically varying waveform such as a sawtooth wave or a square wave, wherein the amplitude and/or period of the waveform can be based on the above requirements. change.
  • the spacing between the individual heating wires 204 can also be varied according to requirements, further ensuring uniform heating of the entire heating device.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows another heating device 100' of the prior art.
  • a heating device 100' can be used, for example, as a heating device for a car seat.
  • This heating device 100' includes a substantially rectangular carrier 101'.
  • Two elongated positive and negative electrodes 102 and 103 are arranged on the carrier 101' substantially parallel to the two long sides of the rectangle.
  • a plurality of electrical heater wires 104 are disposed on the carrier 101' in a manner at least partially between the positive and negative electrodes. These electric heating wires 104 are manufactured and supplied by the supplier in a uniform shape.
  • the positive and negative electrodes 102 and 103 and the electric heating wire 104 in FIG. 3 may be the same as those shown in FIG.
  • a mask (not shown) on the outer surface of the heating device 100'.
  • a groove 105 in the heating device 100' for example two grooves 105 in FIG.
  • Such a groove 105 is generally curved, as shown in Figure 3, and is formed through the carrier. Therefore, when manufacturing the heating device, the electric heating wire 104 needs to avoid the wiring of the trench 105.
  • the electric heating wire 104 is uniformly supplied in specifications, in order to avoid the curved groove 105, it is necessary to route farther therefrom, thereby generating the shaded area 106 as shown in FIG. These shaded areas cannot be warmed up as needed. That is to say, with the heating device 100' of Fig.
  • the right dashed box in Fig. 3 schematically shows the heating zone of such a heating device 100', i.e., the area where the electric heating wires are routable. It can be seen that because of the presence of the shaded region 106, the heated zone is separated by two large void regions (with no electrically heated wire regions disposed).
  • Fig. 4 schematically shows a heating device 300 according to another embodiment of the invention, which corresponds to the heating device 100' shown in Fig. 3, and is also provided with two curved grooves 305.
  • the heating device 300 can be used, for example, as a heating device for a car seat, and includes a substantially rectangular carrier 301.
  • Two elongated positive and negative electrodes 302 and 303 are arranged on the carrier 301 substantially parallel to the two long sides of the rectangle.
  • the two curved grooves 305 are identical in shape and position to the two grooves 105 as shown in FIG. 3, and the carrier 301 has the same shape as the carrier 101' shown in FIG.
  • a plurality of electric heating wires 304 are electrically connected to the carrier 301 between the two electrodes 302 and 303.
  • Each of the electric heating wires 304 is formed in a meandering manner, and the electric heating wire 304 closest to the arcuate side of the arcuate groove 305 is shaped as an envelope of the meandering waveform near the curved side and The curved sides are spaced apart, and the spacing between them can be selected to be as small as possible so as not to affect the post sewing fixing of the seat cover.
  • FIG. 4 Four envelope lines 311, 312, 313 and 314 are shown in FIG. 4 for the two arcuate grooves 305, respectively, which are formed by four electrical heating wires 304 that are closest to the arcuate grooves 305.
  • the remaining electrical heating wires 304 are sequentially routed outwardly from the electrical heating wire 304 closest to the curved groove 305.
  • each of the electric heating wires 304 is different in shape from each other.
  • the uppermost and lowermost two electric heater wires 304 of FIG. 4 may optionally have a substantially flat envelope on the outermost side away from the upper and lower arcuate grooves 305.
  • the electric heating wire 304 wiring in the heating device 300 does not need to avoid the arcuate groove 305 excessively, thus eliminating the shadow region 106 shown in FIG. That is to say, the area where the electric heating wire can be wired is further expanded.
  • the electrically heatable wire routable area/heating zone of the heating device 300 includes sub-regions 331, 332, and 333. It should be understood that the shape of the turns of each of the electric heating wires 304 may be different from each other, but it should be ensured that the temperature rise values of any one of the sub-regions 331, 332, and 333 remain substantially the same, thereby making the sub-regions 331, 332, and 333 uniform. Warm up.
  • the temperature rise value of any one portion refers to the area where the electric heating wire can be wired, and the heating power at the time when the heating device is energized and started within a unit area (for example, 10 cm in length and length) is also called It is known as the thermal power density, which can be measured by any suitable measuring instrument known to those skilled in the art.
  • each electric heating wire 304 since the shape of the crucible of each electric heating wire 304 is not limited, the heat of any one of the measurement portions in each of the sub-regions 331, 332, and 333 can be ensured by arranging the electric heating wires 304 as needed.
  • the power density is not much different. For example, if the absolute value of the difference between the thermal power densities between any two measurement sites is less than a predetermined value, it can be considered that the area where the entire electric heating wire can be wired is uniformly heated.
  • the envelope of the electric heating wire 304 closest to the curved side of the arcuate groove 305 near the arcuate side does not need to be strictly aligned with the curved side.
  • the distance between the distances can also be followed or substantially followed by the curved sides.
  • “following or substantially following” means that the envelope does not need to be exactly the same shape as the curved sides, as long as a sufficient avoidance distance is ensured between the two. It is even possible to provide that the chirped waveform of the electric heating wire 304 itself follows or substantially follows the curved side.
  • the uppermost and lowermost two electric heating wires 304 in FIG. 4 may also have a non-flat envelope on the outermost side away from the upper and lower arcuate grooves 305.
  • the term “wiring” refers to changing the shape of the electric heating wire in a suitable manner and fixing it to the carrier in a suitable manner.
  • the cycle period of the shape of the electric heating wire may be regular or irregular.
  • the cycle of the shape is regular means that the amplitude and/or the length of each sub-shape constituting the shape is constant. That is to say, the shape of the electric heating wire is regularly changed.
  • the cycle of the shape is irregular means that the amplitude and/or the length of the period of at least two sub-shapes constituting the shape are varied. That is to say, the shape of the electric heating wire is irregularly changed. Taking FIG.
  • any one of the electric heating wires 204 can be regarded as having a regular cycle of the wiring shape, that is, each single-cycle sine wave or cosine wave constituting the wiring shape of each electric heating wire 204 is the same. . That is, the shape of the crucible of the electric heating wire 204 is regularly changed. 4, for example, any one of the electric heating wires 304 can be regarded as having a cycle period in which the wiring shape is irregular, that is, each single-cycle sine wave or cosine wave constituting the wiring shape of each electric heating wire 304 is different. That is, the shape of the crucible of the electric heating wire 304 is irregularly changed.
  • Fig. 5 schematically shows another heating device 100" of the prior art, which is suitable for use in a car seat with a ventilation function, and thus differs from the heating device 100' of Fig. 3 only in that There are also a plurality of venting holes 108 formed through the carrier. Therefore, in order to avoid these venting holes 108, the electrically heated wire of the heating device 100" can be routed more densely than the heating device 100' (see Figures 5 and 3). The right side shows) and thus the temperature rise is more uneven.
  • Fig. 6 schematically shows a heating device 400 according to another embodiment of the invention, which corresponds to the heating device 100" shown in Fig. 5, and is also provided with a plurality of venting holes 408, shown as eight.
  • the heating device 400 includes a substantially rectangular carrier 401.
  • Two elongated positive and negative electrodes 402 and 403 are disposed on the carrier 401 substantially parallel to the two long sides of the rectangle.
  • the heating device 400 has two curved grooves 405.
  • the shape and position of the groove as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5 may be the same, and the shape of the carrier 401 and the carrier shown in FIGS. 3 and 5 are also the same. The closest thing is mentioned for the above embodiment of FIG.
  • the heating device shown in Figure 6 is adjacent to or substantially following the curved side of the arc of the arcuate side of the arcuate groove. 400, the electric heating wire 404 near the through hole 408 is twisted into at least a portion of its meander shape at least partially around the periphery of the through hole 408, thereby avoiding the gap shown in FIG. 5 due to avoiding the through hole. Excessively large.
  • the heating device 400 is powered
  • the area where the heater wire can be routed includes the sub-areas 431, 432, and 433, and the through holes in each sub-area do not greatly affect the difference in temperature rise, and the through-hole gap can be avoided as much as possible as shown on the right side of FIG. Excessively large. It is even possible to arrange the neon waveform of the electric heating wire 404 itself to at least partially surround the periphery of the through hole 408.
  • the wiring requirements of the electric heating wire 404 are similar to those discussed above with respect to the embodiment of FIG. 4, that is, the shape of the electric heating wire 404 is not limited, so the electric heating wire is arranged by any desired ⁇ . 404, it can be ensured that the thermal power density of any one of the measurement areas in each of the sub-areas 431, 432 and 433 is not much different, for example, if the absolute value of the difference of the thermal power density between any two measurement parts is less than a specified value, It can be considered that the area where the entire electric heating wire can be wired is uniformly heated.
  • FIGs 7a and 7b schematically illustrate wiring patterns in two different heating devices of the prior art for the 12V and 48V voltage specifications, respectively. Since the specifications of the electric heating wires in each heating device are the same, the electric heating wire wiring density for the heating device of the 12V voltage specification is higher than that for the 48V voltage specification in order to achieve the same heating power for the entire heating device. The electric heating wire wiring density, it can be seen that the electric heating wire is significantly more dense in the heating zone of Figure 7b than in Figure 7a. Thus, when the wiring scheme of the prior art is used to route the heating device of the 48V voltage specification, the temperature rise of the entire heating device is extremely uneven, affecting the passenger experience.
  • Fig. 8 schematically shows a heating device 500 of one embodiment of the invention for a 48V voltage specification.
  • the heating device 500 includes a carrier, elongated positive and negative electrodes spaced apart from each other on the carrier, and a plurality of electric heating wires 504 disposed on the carrier in electrical conduction with the positive and negative electrodes.
  • a heating zone is defined by the plurality of electrical heating wires 504 between the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the total length of these electrically heated wires 504 between the two electrodes is the same as the total length of the electrical heating wires between the two electrodes shown in Figure 7b. That is to say, also in the case of external 48V power supply, the total heating power of the heating device of Fig. 7b and Fig. 8 is the same.
  • the heating zone can be considered to include a plurality of sub-regions extending laterally between the positive and negative electrodes. At least one electrical heater wire 504 is routed within each sub-region. Each of the sub-regions may partially overlap each other as desired, and the electric heater wires 504 in at least one of the sub-regions may be routed in a specific type or pattern. For example, in Fig. 8, the sub-area indicated by the arrow is wired with two electric heating wires 504, and they constitute a specific pattern.
  • the electric heating wire 504 in the heating device 500 can be arranged over a wider range of areas than the heating device of Figure 7b, which ensures a more even distribution of heating power within the heating device 500, resulting in a more uniform temperature rise.
  • each of the electric heating wires 504 may Made to be smooth and bendable, i.e., there are no small corrugations as shown in Figure 7b.
  • each of the electric heating wires can be routed in a smooth transition manner, that is, each electric heating wire can be composed of a plurality of straight sections and a plurality of curved sections, and each The transition between the straight section and the curved section is smooth without sharp corners.
  • the electric heating wire 504 can be wired in a meaningful pattern, for example, by a car manufacturer's logo pattern, characters, numbers, etc., so as to provide a heating effect while emphasizing the product meaning of the car seat.
  • the electrical heater wire 504 can be routed in any other suitable typeface or pattern as long as the temperature rise of the entire heating device is as uniform as possible.
  • the cross-sectional dimension of each electric heating wire is constant, but it should also be clear to those skilled in the art that in the technical solution of the present invention, the cross-sectional dimensions of each electric heating wire It can also be changed as needed.
  • the cross-sectional dimensions of the electrical heating wires in each sub-region may be increased or decreased as needed to ensure The area is evenly warmed up.

Abstract

一种加热装置（300）、特别是用于汽车座椅的加热装置（300），其包括：载体（301）；在所述载体（301）上固定的正负电极（302，303），用于与电源相连；在所述载体（301）上固定的且与所述正负电极（302，303）导电相连的多个电加热线（304），在所述正负电极（302，303）之间通过所述多个电加热线（304）限定一加热区，所述多个电加热线（304）中的至少一个电加热线（304）以与其它电加热线（304）不同的形状被蜿蜒布置，以使得在所述加热区内任何两个测量部位之间的热功率密度之差的绝对值小于一规定值，允许加热垫在通电时，所述加热区整体均匀升温。

Description

加热装置 技术领域
本发明涉及加热装置、特别是汽车座椅用加热装置。
背景技术
可加热座椅已经在现代汽车中广泛采用。通常，这种可加热座椅包括座椅本体以及在所述座椅本体上布置的加热垫。加热垫由加热装置形成，所述加热装置包括载体、在载体上布置的正负电极、以及在正负电极之间且与电极电导通布置的多根电加热线。因为电加热线由供应商依标准生产供应，所以每根电加热线的造型是相同的。在座椅厂商采用这种标准规格的电加热线组装加热垫时，有时为了确保沿着正负电极的纵向能够升温均匀，会将电加热线依据需要彼此平行稀疏布置。但是，这种布置方式仅能确保沿着正负电极的纵向大致升温均匀，对于沿着正负电极之间的横向距离有变化的情况无法确保升温均匀。
此外，在将加热垫固定在座椅本体上后，还需要将座椅面罩覆盖加热垫并缝合到座椅本体上。为了确保顺利缝合，有可能需要在加热垫中开设非规则形状的开槽。在座椅厂商采用这种标准规格的电加热线组装加热垫时，为了避开这些非规则形状的开槽，需要使得电加热线离开将要形成开槽的位置很大距离，造成开槽周围较大的面积无法加热，影响加热垫的整体加热均匀性。
此外，对于具有通风功能的汽车座椅而言，还需要在加热垫中设置通孔。为了避开通孔，也需要使得电加热线与将要形成通孔的位置离开很大距离，同样造成通孔周围加大的面积无法加热，影响加热垫的整体加热均匀性。
发明内容
针对以上问题，本发明旨在提供一种改进的加热装置、特别是用 于汽车座椅的改进的加热装置，这种加热装置的电加热线布置更加合理，从而整个加热装置的升温更加均匀、浪费空间更小、并且针对不同形状的加热装置适应性更强。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种加热装置、特别是用于汽车座椅的加热装置，其包括：
载体；
在所述载体上固定的正负电极，用于与电源相连；
在所述载体上固定的且与所述正负电极导电相连的多个电加热线，在所述正负电极之间通过所述多个电加热线限定一加热区，其特征在于，所述多个电加热线中的至少一个电加热线以与其它电加热线不同的形状被蜿蜒布置，以使得在所述加热区内任何两个测量部位之间的热功率密度之差的绝对值小于一规定值，允许所述加热装置在通电时，所述加热区整体均匀升温。
可选地，至少一个电加热线的蜿蜒形状是规则变化的。
可选地，至少一个电加热线的蜿蜒形状是无规则变化的。
可选地，在所述载体内形成有开口，所述开口具有至少一个非直线的边缘，靠近该非直线的边缘的电加热线的蜿蜒形状或其包络线遵循着或基本上遵循着该非直线的边缘。
可选地，在所述载体上限定有一与所述开口直接相邻的子加热区，所述子加热区的一个边缘与所述非直线的边缘大致平行，所述多个电加热线中的至少一个电加热线至少部分地位于所述子加热区内，以使得该电加热线至少部分地遵循着所述子加热区的边缘或者该电加热线的包络线遵循着或基本上遵循着所述子加热区的边缘，特别地，所述包络线与所述边缘相邻。
可选地，所述开口为弧形槽，用于将面罩缝合固定在所述载体上。
可选地，在所述载体内形成有通孔，靠近该通孔的电加热线的蜿蜒形状或其包络线至少部分地围绕着该通孔。
可选地，所述正负电极为细长的正负电极，彼此并不平行，电加热线以周期循环的形状被蜿蜒布置，在所述正负电极之间较窄距离处布置的电加热线的幅度和/或周期长度大于在所述正负电极之间较宽 距离处布置的电加热线的幅度和/或周期长度。
可选地，所述电加热线中的至少两个电加热线在所述正负电极之间的长度是相同的。
可选地，所有电加热线在所述正负电极之间的长度是相同的。
可选地，每个电加热线由多根碳纤维丝编绕而成。
可选地，与所述正负电极相连的电源为48V电源，所述加热区包括多个在正负电极之间横向延伸的子区域，在至少一个所述子区域内设有至少一个电加热线，其在所述子区域内以特定字样或图形的方式布线，以使得在所述子加热区内任何两个测量部位之间的热功率密度之差的绝对值小于一规定值，允许所述加热装置在通电时，所述加热区整体均匀升温。
可选地，所述电加热线中的至少两个电加热线的横截面尺寸可以是相同的或不同的。
可选地，所述电极和/或所述电加热线通过缝纫或粘接的方式被固定在所述载体上。
可选地，所述电加热线中的至少一个电加热线以平滑过渡的方式布线。
可选地，在所述子区域内，所述电加热线以汽车厂商的商标、文字或数字的方式布线。
根据本发明的另一个方面，还提供了一种汽车座椅用加热垫，其中，所述加热垫包括前述的加热装置。
根据本发明的另一个方面，还提供了一种汽车座椅，其包括座椅本体以及在所述座椅本体上布置的根据前述的加热垫。
附图说明
从后述的详细说明并结合下面的附图将能更全面地理解本发明的前述及其它方面。需要指出的是，各附图的比例出于清楚说明的目的有可能不一样，但这并不会影响对本发明的理解。在附图中：
图1示意性示出了呈梯形的现有技术的加热装置；
图2示意性示出了呈梯形的根据本发明一个实施例的加热装置；
图3示意性示出了现有技术的另一个加热装置；其中，加热装置开设有两个弧形槽；
图4示意性示出了根据本发明另一个实施例的加热装置，其与图3所示的加热装置相对应，也设有两个弧形槽；
图5示意性示出了现有技术的另一个加热装置，其中，加热装置设有多个通孔以及两个弧形槽；
图6示意性示出了根据本发明另一个实施例的加热装置，其与图5所示的加热装置相对应，也设有多个通孔以及两个弧形槽；
图7a和7b示意性示出了针对12V和48V电压规格现有技术的两种不同的加热装置中的布线图案；
图8示意性示出了针对48V电压规格的本发明的一个实施例的加热装置中的布线图案。
具体实施方式
在本发明的各附图中，结构相同或功能相似的特征由相同的附图标记表示。
本发明提供了一种加热装置，特别是用于汽车座椅的加热装置。所述加热装置能够用于形成汽车座椅的加热垫。加热装置包括载体、在载体上布置的正负电极、以及在正负电极之间且与电极电导通布置的多个电加热线。在根据本发明的实施例中，每个电加热线例如可以由多根碳纤维丝编绕而成，从而可以根据需要弯曲成任何形状。应当清楚的是在本发明的实施例中，电极和/或电加热线能够以缝纫、粘接或任何本技术领域熟知的手段固定至载体。
图1示意性示出了现有技术的一种加热装置100。该加热装置100包括大致呈梯形的载体101。在载体101上与梯形的两个斜边大致平行地布置有两个细长的正负电极102和103。电极102与103可以与电源(未示出)相连。多个电加热线104以至少部分在电极102和103之间的方式布置在载体101上。这些电加热线104由供应商以统一形状的规格制造并供应。因此，如图1所示，尽管每个电加热线104为蜿蜒的形状，但是各个电加热线104是彼此形状相同的。不同的电加 热线104在电极102和103之间连接的距离是不同的。在图1中，分别以距离L1、L2和L3为例表示这种不同，其中，L1<L2<L3。当电极102和103与电源相连而通电时，电流分别流经这三个距离代表的电加热线。因为每个电加热线104的横截面规格相同，所以每个电加热线104的电阻与其在电极之间的距离成正比。也就是说，在一定时间内这三个距离代表的电加热线的升温速度是不一样的，L1所代表的电加热线所处的横向区域升温最快，而L3所代表的电加热线所处的横向区域升温最慢。为了解决这种升温速度不同的问题，现有技术中的一个措施是将各电加热线104彼此以不同的间距布置，例如，在L3处，彼此平行布置更多的电加热线，而在L1处彼此平行布置更少的电加热线。但是，因为每个电加热线在两个电极之间的加热功率是不一样的(由于在两个电极之间的长度是不一样的)，所以有时很难仅通过改变布线间距来确保横向均匀升温，也就是说，仍会造成电加热线较密布置的区域升温快于电加热线较疏布置的区域的情况出现。
针对这种梯形的形状，图2示意性示出了根据本发明一个实施例的加热装置200。该加热装置200包括大致呈梯形的载体201。在载体201上与梯形的两个斜边大致平行地布置有两个细长的正负电极202和203。电极202与203可以与电源(未示出)相连。多个电加热线204以至少部分在电极202和203之间的方式布置在载体201上。在图2所示的实施例中，每个电加热线204设置成其在两个电极202和203之间的长度相同，这意味着每个电加热线204的在两个电极202和203之间的电阻值是相同的，导致通电时每个电加热线的发热功率也是相同的。
在图2中，每个电加热线204以蜿蜒的方式布置，但是蜿蜒的方式彼此不同。例如，在两个电极202和203彼此最接近的位置附近(如图2中的梯形较短的上底边附近，L1)，一个电加热线204以近似于正弦波或余弦波的方式布线；而在两个电极202和203彼此最远离的位置(如图2中的梯形较长的下底边附近，L3)，一个电加热线204也以近似于正弦波或余弦波的方式布线，但是前一个电加热线的波形的幅度明显大于后一个电加热线的波形的幅度。这样，电加热线204以从 上底边到下底边幅度依次减小的方式彼此平行布置。在每个电加热线的波形包络线所围成的区域内，电加热线的布置路线分布更加均匀，导致升温更加均匀、特别是可以确保沿着两个电极之间的横向升温更加均匀。
此外，除了改变波形的幅度以外，还可以改变波形的周期，例如以从上底边到下底边波形周期依次减小或增大的方式来改变，从而实现升温更加均匀。
另外，需要清楚的是图2中的波形并不限于正弦波或余弦波，也可以是锯齿波、方波等任何周期循环变化的波形，其中这种波形的幅度和/或周期能够依据上述要求改变。
再者，在图2所示的实施例中，各个电加热线204之间的间距也可以依据需要不同，进一步确保整个加热装置的升温均匀。
图3示意性示出了现有技术的另一种加热装置100′。这种加热装置100′例如可以用作为汽车座椅的加热装置。这种加热装置100′包括大致呈矩形的载体101′。在载体101′上与矩形的两个长边大致平行地布置有两个细长的正负电极102和103。多个电加热线104以至少部分位于正负电极之间的方式布置在载体101′上。这些电加热线104由供应商以统一形状的规格制造并供应。图3中的正负电极102和103以及电加热线104可以与图1中所示相同。在加热装置100′的外表面上还需要覆盖一个面罩(未示出)。为了固定面罩，需要在加热装置100′中开设沟槽105，在图3中例如为两个沟槽105。这种沟槽105通常是弧形的，如图3所示，并且穿过载体地被形成。因此，在制造加热装置时，电加热线104需要避开沟槽105布线。但是，因为电加热线104是规格统一供应的，所以为了避开弧形的沟槽105，需要离其较远布线，从而产生如图3所示的阴影区106。这些阴影区无法依据需要升温。也就是说，对于图3的这种加热装置100′而言，因为阴影区106的存在，采用现有技术无论如何布线均难以做到整个加热装置均匀升温。例如，图3中的右侧虚线框示意性示出了这种加热装置100′的加热区，即电加热线可布线的区域。可以看出，因为阴影区106的存在，所述加热区由两个很大的空隙区(未布置电加热线区)隔开。
图4示意性示出了根据本发明另一个实施例的加热装置300，其与图3所示的加热装置100′相对应，也设有两个弧形沟槽305。加热装置300例如可以用作为汽车座椅的加热装置，包括大致呈矩形的载体301。在载体301上与矩形的两个长边大致平行地布置有两个细长的正负电极302和303。两个弧形沟槽305与如图3所示的两个沟槽105的形状和位置相同，并且载体301与图3所示的载体101′的形状相同。
多个电加热线304在两个电极302和303之间导电相连地布线在载体301上。每个电加热线304被蜿蜒地形成，并且最靠近一个弧形沟槽305的弧形侧边的电加热线304被造型为其蜿蜒波形的靠近该弧形侧边的包络线与该弧形侧边隔开，同时它们之间的间距可以选择成尽量小，以不影响座椅面罩的后期缝纫固定为佳。
在图4中针对两个弧形沟槽305分别示出了四条包络线311、312、313和314，它们分别由最靠近弧形沟槽305的四个电加热线304形成。此外，其余电加热线304分别从最靠近弧形沟槽305的那个电加热线304依次向外蜿蜒地布线。优选地或可选地，每个电加热线304彼此蜿蜒的形状不同。最后，图4中的最上和最下两个电加热线304在远离上下弧形沟槽305的最外那侧可选地可以具有大致平直的包络线。
与图3所示的加热装置100′不同，加热装置300中的电加热线304布线无需过分多地避开弧形沟槽305，因此消除了图3所示的阴影区106。也就是说，进一步扩大了电加热线可布线的区域。例如，在图4的右侧中，加热装置300的电加热线可布线的区域/加热区包括子区域331、332和333。应当清楚，各电加热线304的蜿蜒形状可以彼此不同，但应确保各子区域331、332和333内的任何一个部位的升温值保持大致相同，从而使得各子区域331、332和333均匀升温。在本发明的上下文中，任何一个部位的升温值指的是对于电加热线可布线的区域，任选一单位面积(例如长宽10厘米)内在加热装置通电启动时的发热功率，也可称为热功率密度，其可以由本领域技术人员熟知的任何合适的测量仪器实测加热装置而获知。
在本发明中，因为各电加热线304的蜿蜒形状不受限制，所以通 过任意按需蜿蜒布置电加热线304，能够确保每个子区域331、332和333内的任何一个测量部位的热功率密度相差不大，例如任何两个测量部位之间的热功率密度之差的绝对值小于一规定值的话，就能够视为整个电加热线可布线的区域升温均匀。
本领域技术人员还应当清楚，最靠近弧形沟槽305的弧形侧边的电加热线304的蜿蜒波形的靠近该弧形侧边的包络线无需严格地与该弧形侧边等距隔开，也可以是遵循着或基本上遵循着该弧形侧边即可。在本发明的上下文中，“遵循着或基本上遵循着”意味着包络线无需严格地与弧形侧边的形状相同，只要能够确保二者之间留出足够的避让距离即可。甚至也可以设置成电加热线304本身的蜿蜒波形遵循着或基本上遵循着该弧形侧边。此外，图4中的最上和最下两个电加热线304在远离上下弧形沟槽305的最外那侧也可以具有非平直的包络线。
在本发明的实施例中，术语“布线”指的是以合适的方式改变电加热线的形状并以合适的方式将其固定至载体。此外，电加热线的形状的循环周期可以是规则的或不规则的。在本发明的上下文中，“形状的循环周期是规则的”意味着构成该形状的每个子形状的幅度和/或周期长度是恒定的。也就是说，电加热线的蜿蜒形状是规则变化的。而“形状的循环周期是不规则的”意味着构成该形状的至少两个子形状的幅度和和/或周期长度是变化的。也就是说，电加热线的蜿蜒形状是非规则变化的。以图2为例，任何一个电加热线204可以视为其布线形状的循环周期是规则的，即构成每个电加热线204的布线形状的每个单周期的正弦波或余弦波是相同的。也就是说，电加热线204的蜿蜒形状是规则变化的。而以图4为例，任何一个电加热线304可以视为其布线形状的循环周期是不规则的，即构成每个电加热线304的布线形状的每个单周期的正弦波或余弦波是不同的。也就是说，电加热线304的蜿蜒形状是无规则变化的。
图5示意性示出了现有技术的另一种加热装置100″，这种加热装置适于用在带有通风功能的汽车座椅上，因此与图3的加热装置100′的区别仅在于还设有穿过载体形成的多个通风孔108。因此，为了避让这些通风孔108，加热装置100″的电加热线可布线的区域比加热装 置100′的更加分散(如图5和3的右侧所示)并因而升温更加不均匀。
图6示意性示出了根据本发明另一个实施例的加热装置400，其与图5所示的加热装置100″相对应，也设有多个通气孔408，图中示出为八个。加热装置400包括大致呈矩形的载体401。在载体401上与矩形的两个长边大致平行地布置有两个细长的正负电极402和403。加热装置400具有两个弧形沟槽405，例如可以与如图3和5所示的沟槽的形状和位置相同，并且载体401与图3和5所示的载体的形状也相同。除了针对图4的上述实施例提到的最靠近弧形沟槽的弧形侧边的电加热线的蜿蜒波形的靠近该弧形侧边的包络线遵循着或基本上遵循着该弧形侧边以外，在图6所示的加热装置400中，通孔408附近的电加热线404被蜿蜒成其蜿蜒形状的至少一部分至少部分地围绕着通孔408周围，从而避免图5所示的那种因避开通孔而导致间隙过大的情况出现。这样，如图6右侧所示，加热装置400的电加热线可布线的区域包括子区域431、432和433，各子区域内的通孔不会对升温差异造成很大影响，能够尽量避免如图5的右侧所示那样的避开通孔间隙过大的情况。甚至也可以设置成电加热线404本身的蜿蜒波形至少部分地围绕着通孔408周围。
在加热装置400中，电加热线404的布线要求与上述针对图4的实施例讨论的类似，即各电加热线404的蜿蜒形状不受限制，所以通过任意按需蜿蜒布置电加热线404，能够确保每个子区域431、432和433内的任何一个测量部位的热功率密度相差不大，例如任何两个测量部位之间的热功率密度之差的绝对值小于一规定值的话，就能够视为整个电加热线可布线的区域升温均匀。
目前的汽车中广泛采用12V电压为汽车座椅的加热装置供电。但是，随着电动汽车的普及以及供电标准的变更，越来越多的汽车将会采用48V电压为汽车座椅的加热装置供电。图7a和7b分别示意性示出了针对12V和48V电压规格现有技术的两种不同的加热装置中的布线图案。因为每个加热装置中的电加热线的规格是相同的，所以为了整个加热装置达到同样的加热功率，针对12V电压规格的加热装置的电加热线布线密度要高于针对48V电压规格的加热装置的电加热线布 线密度，可以看出，电加热线在图7b的加热区中布线明显比在图7a中更加稀松。这样，当采用现有技术的布线方案为48V电压规格的加热装置进行布线时，整个加热装置的升温极为不均匀，影响乘客体验。
图8示意性示出了针对48V电压规格的本发明的一个实施例的加热装置500。加热装置500包括载体、在所述载体上彼此隔开布置的细长正负电极、以及与所述正负电极导电相连地布置在所述载体上的多个电加热线504。在所述正负电极之间由所述多个电加热线504限定了一加热区。这些电加热线504在两个电极之间的总长度与图7b中所示的两个电极之间的电加热线的总长度相同。也就是说，同样在外接48V电源的情况下，图7b与图8的加热装置的总加热功率是相同的。
但是，在图8中，加热区可以视为包括多个在正负电极之间横向延伸的子区域。在每个子区域内布线有至少一个电加热线504。各子区域可以依据需要彼此部分地重叠，并且至少一个子区域内的电加热线504能够以特定字样或图形的方式布线。例如，在图8中，箭头所指的子区域布线有两个电加热线504，并它们构成了特定的图形。与图7b的加热装置相比，加热装置500中的电加热线504能够在更大范围的区域内布置，这样能够确保在该加热装置500内加热功率更加均匀地分布，导致升温更加均匀。
此外，在电加热线的横截面面积相同的情况下，为了确保所有的电加热线504的在两个电极之间的总长度、即总电阻与图7b的相同，每个电加热线504可以制造为是平滑可弯的，即本身没有像图7b所示那样的小波纹。在本发明的各实施例中，每个电加热线能够以平滑过渡的方式被布线，也就是说，每个电加热线可以由多个平直区段以及多个弯曲区段组成，并且各平直区段与弯曲区段之间过渡平顺而无尖角。
优选地，电加热线504能够以有含义的图案布线，例如以汽车厂商的标志图案、文字、数字等布线，从而在提供加热作用的同时还能够重点体现汽车座椅的产品含义。可选地，电加热线504能够以任何其它合适的字样或图形的方式布线，只要确保整个加热装置的升温尽量均匀即可。
在以上所有提到的实施例中，均假设每个电加热线的横截面尺寸是恒定的，但是本领域技术人员也应当清楚，在本发明的技术方案中，各电加热线的横截面尺寸也可以依需要而变。例如，在图2、4、6和8所示的实施例中，附加地和/或替代地，在各子区域内电加热线的横截面尺寸可以依据需要增加或减小，从而确保各子区域均匀升温。
尽管这里详细描述了本发明的特定实施方式，但它们仅仅是为了解释的目的而给出的，而不应认为它们对本发明的范围构成限制。此外，这些描述的实施例可以彼此相互任意结合。在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，各种替换、变更和改造可被构想出来。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种加热装置、特别是用于汽车座椅的加热装置，其包括：
    载体；
    在所述载体上固定的正负电极，用于与电源相连；
    在所述载体上固定的且与所述正负电极导电相连的多个电加热线，在所述正负电极之间通过所述多个电加热线限定一加热区，其特征在于，所述多个电加热线中的至少一个电加热线以与其它电加热线不同的形状被蜿蜒布置，以使得在所述加热区内任何两个测量部位之间的热功率密度之差的绝对值小于一规定值，允许所述加热装置在通电时，所述加热区整体均匀升温。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的加热装置，其特征在于，至少一个电加热线的蜿蜒形状是规则变化的。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的加热装置，其特征在于，至少一个电加热线的蜿蜒形状是无规则变化的。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3任一所述的加热装置，其特征在于，在所述载体内形成有开口，所述开口具有至少一个非直线的边缘，靠近该非直线的边缘的电加热线的蜿蜒形状或其包络线遵循着或基本上遵循着该非直线的边缘。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的加热装置，其特征在于，在所述载体上限定有一与所述开口直接相邻的子加热区，所述子加热区的一个边缘与所述非直线的边缘大致平行，所述多个电加热线中的至少一个电加热线至少部分地位于所述子加热区内，以使得该电加热线至少部分地遵循着所述子加热区的边缘或者该电加热线的包络线遵循着或基本上遵循着所述子加热区的边缘。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的加热装置，其特征在于，所述开口为弧形槽，用于将面罩缝合固定在所述载体上。
  7. 根据权利要求1至3任一所述的加热装置，其特征在于，在所述载体内形成有通孔，靠近该通孔的电加热线的蜿蜒形状或其包络线至少部分地围绕着该通孔。
  8. 根据权利要求2或3所述的加热装置，其特征在于，所述正负电极为细长的正负电极，彼此并不平行，电加热线以周期循环的形状被蜿蜒布置，在所述正负电极之间较窄距离处布置的电加热线的幅度和/或周期长度大于在所述正负电极之间较宽距离处布置的电加热线的幅度和/或周期长度。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的加热装置，其特征在于，所述电加热线中的至少两个电加热线在所述正负电极之间的长度是相同的。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的加热装置，其特征在于，所有电加热线在所述正负电极之间的长度是相同的。
  11. 根据前述权利要求任一所述的加热装置，其特征在于，每个电加热线由多根碳纤维丝编绕而成。
  12. 根据前述权利要求任一所述的加热装置，其特征在于，与所述正负电极相连的电源为48V电源，所述加热区包括多个在正负电极之间横向延伸的子区域，在至少一个所述子区域内设有至少一个电加热线，其在所述子区域内以特定字样或图形的方式布线，以使得在所述子加热区内任何两个测量部位之间的热功率密度之差的绝对值小于一规定值，允许所述加热装置在通电时，所述加热区整体均匀升温。
  13. 根据前述权利要求任一所述的加热装置，其特征在于，所述电加热线中的至少两个电加热线的横截面尺寸可以是相同的或不同的。
  14. 根据前述权利要求任一所述的加热装置，其特征在于，所述电极和/或所述电加热线通过缝纫或粘接的方式被固定在所述载体上。
  15. 根据前述权利要求任一所述的加热装置，其特征在于，所述电加热线中的至少一个电加热线以平滑过渡的方式布线。
  16. 根据权利要求12所述的加热装置，其特征在于，在所述子区域内，所述电加热线以汽车厂商的商标、文字或数字的方式布线。
  17. 一种汽车座椅用加热垫，其中，所述加热垫包括根据前述权利要求任一所述的加热装置。
  18. 一种汽车座椅，其包括座椅本体以及在所述座椅本体上布置的根据权利要求17所述的加热垫。
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