Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B61—RAILWAYS
  • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
  • B61L11/00—Operation of points from the vehicle or by the passage of the vehicle
  • B61L11/08—Operation of points from the vehicle or by the passage of the vehicle using electrical or magnetic interaction between vehicle and track
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B61—RAILWAYS
  • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
  • B61L1/00—Devices along the route controlled by interaction with the vehicle or train
  • B61L1/18—Railway track circuits
  • B61L1/181—Details
  • B61L1/188—Use of coded current
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B61—RAILWAYS
  • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
  • B61L21/00—Station blocking between signal boxes in one yard
  • B61L21/10—Arrangements for trains which are closely following one another
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B61—RAILWAYS
  • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
  • B61L23/00—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains
  • B61L23/08—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains for controlling traffic in one direction only
  • B61L23/14—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains for controlling traffic in one direction only automatically operated
  • B61L23/16—Track circuits specially adapted for section blocking
  • B61L23/168—Track circuits specially adapted for section blocking using coded current
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B61—RAILWAYS
  • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
  • B61L7/00—Remote control of local operating means for points, signals, or track-mounted scotch-blocks
  • B61L7/06—Remote control of local operating means for points, signals, or track-mounted scotch-blocks using electrical transmission
  • B61L7/08—Circuitry
  • B61L7/088—Common line wire control using series of coded pulses
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B61—RAILWAYS
  • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
  • B61L11/00—Operation of points from the vehicle or by the passage of the vehicle
  • B61L11/08—Operation of points from the vehicle or by the passage of the vehicle using electrical or magnetic interaction between vehicle and track
  • B61L2011/086—German radio based operations, called "Funkfahrbetrieb" [FFB]
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B61—RAILWAYS
  • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
  • B61L23/00—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains
  • B61L23/04—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains for monitoring the mechanical state of the route
  • B61L23/042—Track changes detection
  • B61L23/044—Broken rails
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B61—RAILWAYS
  • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
  • B61L3/00—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal
  • B61L3/16—Continuous control along the route
  • B61L3/22—Continuous control along the route using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using electromagnetic radiation
  • B61L3/221—Continuous control along the route using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using electromagnetic radiation using track circuits

Definitions

• the present invention relates in general to railroad signaling systems and in particular to a railroad virtual track block system.
• Block signaling is a well-known technique used in railroading to maintain spacing between trains and thereby avoid collisions.
• a railroad line is partitioned into track blocks and automatic signals (typically red, yellow, and green lights) are used to control train movement between blocks.
• automatic signals typically red, yellow, and green lights
• block signaling allows to trains follow each other with minimal risk of rear end collisions.
• the principles of the present invention are embodied in a virtual "high-density" block system that advantageously increases the capacity of the existing track infrastructure used by the railroads.
• train block spacing is reduced to accurately reflect train braking capabilities.
• train spacing is maintained within a physical track block by identifying train position with respect to virtual track blocks within that physical track block.
• the present principles alleviate the need for wayside signals, since train braking distance is maintained onboard the locomotives instead of through wayside signal aspects.
• by partitioning the physical track blocks into multiple virtual track blocks broken rail can be detected within an occupied physical track block.
• FIGURE 1 is a diagram showing a representative number of unoccupied physical railroad track blocks, along with associated signaling (control) houses, with each physical track block partitioned into a selected number of virtual track blocks according to the principles of the present invention
• FIGURE 2 is a diagram showing the system of FIGURE 1, with a train approaching the rightmost signaling house;
• FIGURE 3 is a diagram showing the system of FIGURE 1, with the train entering the rightmost virtual track block between the rightmost and center signaling houses;
• FIGURE 4 is a diagram showing the system of FIGURE 1, with the train positioned within the virtual track blocks between the rightmost and center signaling houses;
• FIGURE 5 is a diagram showing the system of FIGURE 1, with the train entering the rightmost virtual track block between the center signaling house and the leftmost signaling house;
• FIGURE 6 is a diagram showing the system of FIGURE 1, with the train positioned within the virtual track blocks between the center and leftmost signaling houses and a second following train approaching the rightmost signaling house;
• FIGURE 7 is a diagram showing the system of FIGURE 1, with the first train moving out of the physical track block between the center and leftmost signaling houses and the second train entering the physical track block between the center and rightmost signaling houses;
• FIGURE 8 is a diagram showing the scenario of FIGURE 7, along with the processing of the corresponding message codes onboard any locomotives within the vicinity of at least one of the depicted signaling houses.
• FIGURES 1 - 8 of the drawings in which like numbers designate like parts.
• Two methods of train detection are disclosed according to the present inventive principles.
• One method determines rail integrity in an unoccupied block.
• the second method determines train positioning within an occupied block in addition to rail integrity.
• the following discussion describes these methods under three different exemplary situations: (1) the system at rest (no trains) within the physical track block; (2) operation with a single train within the physical track block; (3) and operation with multiple trains within the physical track block.
• Track Code A (TC-A) is the available open sourced Electrocode commonly used by the railroads and is carried by signals transmitted via at least one of the rails of the corresponding physical track block.
• Track Code B is particular to the present principles and provides for the detection of train position within one or more virtual track blocks within an occupied physical track block and is preferably carried by signals transmitted via at least one of the rails of the corresponding physical track block.
• TC- A and TC-B may by carried by the same or different electrical signals.
• either TC- A or TC-B is continuously transmitted.
• TC-A is dependent on a first location sending a coded message to a second location and vice versa (i.e., one location is exchanging information via the rail).
• TC-B is implemented as a reflection of the transmitted energy using a transceiver pair with separate and discrete components. With TC- B, the system monitors for reflections of the energy through the axle of the train.
• a Virtual track block Position (VBP) message represents the occupancy data, determined from the TC-A and TC-B signals and is transmitted to the computers onboard locomotives in the vicinity, preferably via a wireless communications link.
• VBP Virtual track block Position
• TC-A is preferably implemented by transmitter-receiver pairs, with the transmitter and receiver of each pair located at different locations.
• TC-B is preferably implemented with transmitter-receiver pairs, with the transmitter and receiver of each pair located at the same location.
• the signature of the energy from the transmitter is proportional to the distance from the insulated joint to the nearest axle of the train.
• the section of track depicted in FIGURES 1 - 8 represents physical track blocks 101a - lOld, with physical track blocks 101a and lOld partially shown and physical track blocks 101b and 101c shown in their entirety.
• Physical track blocks 101a - lOld are separated by conventional insulated joints 102a - 102c.
• Signal control houses 103a - 103c are associated with insulated joints 102a - 102c.
• Each signaling house 103 preferably transmits on the track on both sides of the corresponding insulated joint 102, as discussed further below.
• solid arrows represent track code transmission during track occupancy by a train using TC-B signals.
• dashed arrows represent track code transmission during unoccupied track using TC-A signals.
• each physical track block 101a - lOld is partitioned into multiple virtual track blocks or "virtual track blocks".
• these virtual track blocks each represent one-quarter (25%) of each physical track block 101a - 101 d, although in alternate embodiments, the number of virtual track blocks per physical track block may vary.
• house #1 (103a) is associated with virtual track blocks Ai - Hi
• house #2 (103b) is associated with virtual track blocks A 2 - H 2
• house #3 (103c) is associated with virtual track blocks A 3 - H 3 .
• each house 103 is associated with four (4) virtual track blocks to the left of the corresponding insulated joint 102 (i.e., virtual track blocks A; - Dj) and four (4) virtual track blocks to the right of the corresponding insulated joint 102 (i.e., virtual track blocks Ei - Hi).
• virtual track blocks overlap (e.g., virtual track blocks Ei-Hi associated with house #1 overlap with virtual track blocks A 2 -D 2 associated with house #2).
• FIGURE 1 depicts the track section with no trains in the vicinity.
• TC-A is transmitted from house #1 (103a) and received by house #2 (103b), and vice versa.
• Table 1 breaks-down the various codes for the scenario shown in Figure 1 :
• FIGURE 2 depicts the same track section with one train 104 entering from the right.
• TC-A is transmitted between house #1 (103a) and house #2 (103b), with houses #1 and #2 generating and transmitting a VBP message of 11111111 for virtual track blocks Ai-Hi and A 2 -H 2 , respectively.
• house #2 (103b) to house #3 (103c).
• the right approach to house #3 (103c) is no longer receiving TC-A from the next house to its right (not shown), due to shunting by the train in physical track block lOld, and house #3 therefore ceases transmitting TC-A to the right.
• House #3 (103c) then begins to transmit TC-B to the right in order to determine the extent of occupancy within physical track block lOld (i.e., the virtual track block or blocks in which the train is positioned), conveyed as virtual track block(s) occupancy.
• house #3 (103c) determines that the train is within virtual track blocks F 3 -H 3 of physical track block lOld and therefore generates a VBP message of 1111 (unoccupied) for virtual track blocks A 3 -D 3 of physical track block 101c to its left and 1 (unoccupied) for virtual track block E 3 of physical track block 1 Old to its right and 000 (occupied) for virtual track blocks F 3 -H 3 of physical track block lOld to its right.
• Table 2 breaks-down the codes for the scenario shown in FIGURE 2: Table 2
• FIGURE 3 depicts the same track section with the train now entering physical track block 101c between house #2 (103b) and house #3 (103c), while still occupying physical track block 101 d to the right of house #3 (103c).
• TC-A continues to be transmitted between the house #1 (103a) and house #2 (103b), with house #1 (103a) generating a VBP message of 11111111 for virtual track blocks A1-H1 and house #2 generating a VBP message of 1111111 for virtual track blocks A2-G2.
• the right approach of house #2 (103b) is no longer receiving TC-A from house #3 (103c), due to shunting by the train in physical track block 101c, and therefore house #2 ceases transmitting TC-A to the right.
• House #2 instead begins to transmit TC-B to the right in order to determine the extent of virtual track blocks occupied within physical track block 101c.
• the train has entered virtual track block H 2 of physical track block 101c and house #2 (103b) accordingly generates a 0 for virtual track block H 2 in its VBP message.
• House #3 (103c) now generates and transmits a VBP message of 00000000 for virtual track blocks A 3 -H3, due to both sides of the insulated joint 102c being shunted within the nearest virtual track blocks.
• Table 3 breaks down the codes for the scenario of FIGURE 3:
• FIGURE 4 depicts the same track section with the train now between house #2 (103b) and house #3 (103c).
• TC-A continues to be transmitted between house #1 (103a) and house #2 (103b), with house #1 generating a VBP message of 11111111 for virtual track blocks A1-H1 and house #2 generating a VBP message of 11111 for virtual track blocks A 2 -D 2 .
• the right approach of house #2 (103b) is still not receiving TC-A from house #3 (103c) and house #2 therefore continues to transmit TC-B to the right to detect the virtual track block position of the train within physical track block 101c.
• house #2 (103b) With the train positioned within virtual track blocks F 2 - H 2 , house #2 (103b) generates and transmits a VBP message of 11111 for virtual track blocks A 2 -E 2 and 000 for virtual track blocks F 2 -H 2 .
• House #3 (103c) transmits TC-B to the left and TC-A to the right since physical track block lOld is no longer occupied. Specifically, with the train positioned in virtual track blocks B 3 - D 3 , house #3 (103c) generates a VBP message of 0000 for virtual track blocks A3-D3 and 1111 for virtual track blocks E 3 -H 3 .
• Table 4 breaks-down the codes for the scenario of FIGURE 4:
• FIGURE 5 depicts the same track section with the train now in physical track block 101b between house #1 (103a) and house #2 (103b), as well as in physical track block 101c between house #2 (103b) and house #3 (103c).
• Both house #1 and house #3 use TC-B signaling to determine train virtual track block position, with house #1 determining the train position to be within virtual track block Hi and house #3 determining the train position to be within virtual track blocks A 3 - B 3 .
• house #1 (103a) With the train in virtual track block Hi, house #1 (103a) generates a VBP message consisting of 1111111 for virtual track blocks A1-G1 and 0 for virtual track block Hi.
• House #2 (103b) generates a VBP message of 00000000 for virtual track blocks A 2 -H 2 , due to both sides of insulated joint 102b being shunted within the nearest virtual track blocks.
• FIGURE 6 depicts the same track section with the first train between the house #1 (103a) and house #2 (103b) and the second train on the right approach to house #3 (103c). Both house #1 and house #2 combined use TC-B signaling to determine train virtual track block position for the first train to be within virtual track blocks B 2 -D 2 .
• House #1 (103a) therefore generates a VBP message consisting of 11111 for virtual track blocks A1-E1 and 000 for virtual track blocks F1-H1.
• House #2 (103b) generates a VBP message of 0000 for virtual track block A 2 and 1111 for virtual track blocks E 2 -H 2 .
• FIGURE 7 depicts the same track section with the first train now within physical track block 101a between the house to the left of House #1 (103a) (not shown) and house #1, as well as within physical track block 101b between house #1 (103a) and house #2 (103b).
• House #1 (103a) detects the presence of the first train using TC - B signaling and generates and transmits a VBP message consisting of 00000000 for virtual track blocks Ai-Hi, due to both sides of insulated joint 102a being shunted within the nearest virtual track blocks.
• the left approach of house #2 (103b) is still not receiving TC - A from house #1 (103a), due to shunting by the first train, and house #2 therefore continues to transmit TC-B to the left.
• House #2 (103b) now transmits TC-B to the right as well, since physical track block 101c to the right is no longer receiving TC-A from house #3 (103c), due to shunting by the second train.
• house #2 detects the first train within virtual track blocks A 2 -B 2 , virtual track blocks C2-G2 as unoccupied, and the second train within virtual track block H 2 .
• House #2 (103b) therefore generates and transmits a VBP message of 00 for virtual track blocks A 2 -B 2 , 11111 for virtual track blocks C2-G2, and 0 for virtual track block H 2 .
• the second train is now in physical track block 101c between house #2 (103b) and house #3 (103c), as well as in physical track block lOld between house #3 (103c) and the house to the right of house #3 (103c) (not shown).
• house #3 (103c) generates a VBP message of 00000000 for virtual track blocks A 3 -H3, due to both sides of insulated joint 102c being shunted within the nearest virtual track blocks.
• Table 7 breaks-down the codes for the scenario of FIGURE 7: Table 7
• FIGURE 8 depicts the combining of multiple wayside occupancy indications into one common view of train occupancy.
• the left four virtual track blocks of each house overlap the right four virtual track blocks of the adjacent house. The same is true for the right side of each house respectively.
• the train occupancy can be determined to the nearest occupied virtual track block.
• any train in the vicinity that receives the VBP codes can determine the position of any other trains within the vicinity, without the need for aspect signaling.
• Table 8 breaks-down the codes for the scenario of FIGURE 8: Table 8
• determining whether a virtual track block is occupied or unoccupied can be implemented using any one of a number of techniques.
• existing vital logic controllers and track infrastructure are used, and the system interfaces with existing Electrocode equipment when determining if a virtual track block is unoccupied.
• the system differentiates between virtual track blocks that are 25% increments of the standard physical track blocks, although in alternate embodiments physical track blocks may be partitioned into shorter or longer virtual track blocks.
• the vital logic controller records, sets alarms, and indicates the location of the broken rail to the nearest virtual track block (25% increment of the physical track block).
• the system detects both the front (leading) and rear (trailing) axles of the train and has the ability to detect and validate track occupancy in approach and advance.
• the present principles are not constrained by any particular hardware system or method for determining train position, and any one of a number of known methods can be used, along with conventional hardware.
• wheel position may be detected using currents transmitted from one end of a physical track block towards the other end of the physical track block and shunted by the wheel of the train.
• the current transmitted from an insulated joint will be proportional to the position of the shunt along the block, with current provide from in front of the train detecting the front wheels and current provided from the rear of the train detecting the rear wheel.
• the occupancy of the individual virtual track blocks is also known. While either DC or AC current can be used to detect whether a virtual track block is occupied or unoccupied, if an AC overlay is utilized, the AC current is preferably less than 60 Hz and remains off until track circuit is occupied.
• train position can be detected using conventional railroad highway grade crossing warning system hardware, such as motion sensors.
• non-track related techniques may also be used for determining train position, such as global positioning system (GPS) tracking, radio frequency detection, and so on.
• GPS global positioning system
• the maximum shunting sensitivity is 0.06 Ohm
• the communication format is based on interoperable train control (ITC) messaging
• monitoring of track circuit health is based upon smooth transition from 0-100% and 100-0%.
• power consumption requirements comply with existing wayside interface unit (WIU) specifications.
• Logging requirements include percentage occupancy, method of determining occupancy, and direction at specific time; message transmission contents and timing; calibration time and results; broken rail determinations; error codes; and so on.
• the embodiment described above is based on a track circuit maximum length of 12,000 feet, which is fixed (i.e., not moving), although the track circuit maximum length may vary in alternate embodiments.
• the bit description describe above is a 1 for an unoccupied virtual track block and 0 for an occupied virtual track block, the inverse logic may be used in alternate embodiments.
• One technique for measuring track position and generating TC-B is based on currents transmitted from one end of a physical track block towards the other end of the physical track block and shunted by the wheels of the train. Generally, since the impedance of the track is known, the current transmitted from an insulated joint will be proportional to the position of the shunt along the block. Once the train position is known, the occupancy of the individual virtual track blocks is also known.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
• Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
• Road Paving Structures (AREA)
• Revetment (AREA)

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