WO2018201798A1 - 移动宽带网络下的区块链多播网络、区块链设备及其通信方法 - Google Patents

移动宽带网络下的区块链多播网络、区块链设备及其通信方法 Download PDF

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WO2018201798A1
WO2018201798A1 PCT/CN2018/078519 CN2018078519W WO2018201798A1 WO 2018201798 A1 WO2018201798 A1 WO 2018201798A1 CN 2018078519 W CN2018078519 W CN 2018078519W WO 2018201798 A1 WO2018201798 A1 WO 2018201798A1
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block
multicast
type
message
node
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PCT/CN2018/078519
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English (en)
French (fr)
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肖诗源
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上海点融信息科技有限责任公司
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/06—Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04W56/001—Synchronization between nodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/04—Payment circuits
    • G06Q20/06—Private payment circuits, e.g. involving electronic currency used among participants of a common payment scheme
    • G06Q20/065—Private payment circuits, e.g. involving electronic currency used among participants of a common payment scheme using e-cash
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/382—Payment protocols; Details thereof insuring higher security of transaction

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to blockchain technology and, in particular, to a blockchain multicast network, a blockchain device, and a communication method thereof under a mobile broadband network.
  • Blockchain is a decentralized distributed accounting technique derived from bitcoin. Participate in the various nodes in the blockchain system without trusting each other. The blockchain is maintained by all participating nodes, and each participating node can obtain a complete copy of the blockchain data and independently verify it. The blockchain uses cryptography to ensure that blockchains can only add new data and not tamper with data that has already occurred.
  • blockchains use an Internet-based peer-to-peer (P2P) peer-to-peer (P2P) network architecture to tie all nodes together.
  • P2P peer-to-peer
  • Each network node is connected to each other in a "flat" topology.
  • the nodes of the P2P network interact and cooperate with each other.
  • Each node provides services to other nodes in the network while providing external services.
  • P2P networks are therefore reliable, decentralized, and open.
  • the blockchain P2P network may take up a lot of bandwidth on the Internet. This problem is more prominent in mobile broadband networks.
  • IOT Internet of Things
  • mass devices are connected by mobile broadband.
  • a large amount and larger block data is transferred between the many block nodes of the Internet of Things, which brings considerable bandwidth consumption and significantly increases the cost of deploying the blockchain on the mobile broadband network.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure propose a blockchain multicast network, a blockchain device, and a communication method thereof under a mobile broadband network.
  • a communication method for a blockchain network includes: obtaining new block information at a block multicast node of a blockchain network; verifying new block information; and responding to validated new block information, based on multiple blocks in the blockchain network Node type and new block information of the node, generating different types of block multicast messages; and transmitting different types of block multicast messages to the Multimedia Broadcast Multicast (MBMS) node in the mobile broadband network, so as to The broadband network broadcasts block multicast packets to multiple block nodes.
  • MBMS Multimedia Broadcast Multicast
  • generating different types of block multicast messages includes: generating a block message header, the block message header indicating at least a type of the block multicast message and a height of the current block; Generating a first type of block multicast message based on the block header and the block header of the new block information; and generating a second block transaction data and a block message header based on the new block information Type of block multicast packet.
  • generating the second type of block multicast message comprises: dividing the block transaction data into a plurality of transmission source blocks; performing forward error correction coding on the plurality of transmission source blocks; and encoding
  • the plurality of transport source blocks are encapsulated into a plurality of multicast messages based on a file transfer (FLUTE) protocol on a one-way transmission.
  • FLUTE file transfer
  • broadcasting the block multicast message includes broadcasting the first type of block multicast message by a predetermined number of times before broadcasting the second type of block multicast message.
  • the broadcast block multicast message includes broadcasting the first type of block multicast message by a predetermined number of times during the broadcast of the second type of block multicast message.
  • a communication method for a blockchain network includes: receiving, at a node of a block chain in a multicast area of a blockchain network, a block multicast packet from a block multicast node in the multicast area, where the block multicast packet includes a type and a second type, the block multicast message of the first type includes at least a block header of the block information, and the block multicast message of the second type includes at least block transaction data of the block information; And parsing the first type and the second type of the block multicast message to obtain the block information.
  • parsing the first type and the second type of the block multicast message includes: determining, according to the block header of the block multicast message, the type of the block multicast message; The block multicast message is of a first type, the block header in the block multicast message is extracted, and the block transaction data in the block multicast message is extracted in response to the block multicast message being the second type.
  • the method further comprises: determining whether the obtained block information is complete; and in response to the obtained block information being incomplete, transmitting a request to the neighboring node to obtain complete block information.
  • the method further comprises transmitting new block information to the block multicast node and the node in the multicast region that does not have the capability to receive multicast in response to generating new block information.
  • a communication method for a blockchain network comprising: receiving at a Simple Payment Verification (SPV) node in a multicast region of a blockchain network, from a multicast region Block multicast message of the block multicast node, the block multicast message includes a first type and a second type, and the first type of block multicast message includes at least a block header of the block information, and The second type of block multicast message includes at least block transaction data of the block information; and parsing the first type of block multicast message to obtain the block information.
  • SPV Simple Payment Verification
  • parsing the first type of block multicast message includes: determining, according to the block message header of the block multicast message, a type of the block multicast message; responding to the block group The broadcast message is of the first type, and the block header in the block multicast message is extracted; and the block multicast message is discarded in response to the block multicast message being of the second type.
  • the method further comprises: notifying the neighboring nodes in the multicast area of the multicast capability information, the multicast capability information indicating whether it has the capability of transmitting the multicast, the capability of receiving the multicast, or transmitting and receiving. The ability to multicast.
  • a multicast device in a blockchain network comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor and storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the multicast device to perform the following Action: obtain new block information; verify new block information; generate different types of blocks based on node type and new block information of multiple block nodes in the blockchain network in response to validated new block information being valid Multicast packets; and transmitting different types of block multicast messages to a Multimedia Broadcast Multicast (MBMS) node in the mobile broadband network to broadcast block multicast messages to multiple block nodes via the mobile broadband network .
  • MBMS Multimedia Broadcast Multicast
  • a full-node device in a blockchain network comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor and storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the multicast device to perform the following Action: Receive the block multicast message from the block multicast node in the multicast area.
  • the block multicast message includes the first type and the second type.
  • the first type of block multicast message includes at least the area.
  • Block header of block information, and the second type of block multicast message includes at least block transaction data of the block information; and parsing the first type and the second type of block multicast message to obtain the area Block information.
  • a simple payment verification (SPV) device in a blockchain network comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor and storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the SPV The device performs the following actions: receiving the block multicast message from the block multicast node in the multicast area, the block multicast message includes the first type and the second type, and the first type of block multicast message a block header including at least block information, and the block multicast message of the second type includes at least block transaction data of the block information; and parsing the first type of block multicast message to obtain the block information.
  • SPV simple payment verification
  • a blockchain network comprising a multicast device according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, a full node device according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, and a A simple payment verification device described in three aspects.
  • a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program instructions stored thereon for performing a first aspect, a second aspect, and a The method described in three aspects.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure propose a scheme for hybrid networking of blockchains through unicast and MBMS multicast under a mobile broadband network.
  • the solution has the following advantages: the latest blockchain is synchronized to all nodes through MBMS multicast, which effectively solves the shortcomings of the traditional P2P network consuming too much network resources and easily causing network storms.
  • the blockchain node synchronizes the blockchain through MBMS multicast, which is fast, real-time and easy to implement.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a multimedia broadcast multicast system architecture of a mobile broadband network
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a blockchain hybrid network architecture in a mobile broadband network in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example flow diagram of a method that may be performed by a block multicast node in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a conventional MBMS multicast packet encapsulation
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of a first type of multicast message encapsulation applied in some embodiments
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a second type of multicast message encapsulation applied in some embodiments
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example flow diagram of a method that may be performed by a block full node in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an example flow diagram of a method that may be performed by a block simple payment verification node in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of a device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the term “comprise” and its various variants may be understood to mean an open term, which means “including but not limited to”.
  • the term “based on” can be understood to mean “based at least in part.”
  • the term “one embodiment” may be taken to mean “at least one embodiment.”
  • the term “another embodiment” may be understood to mean “at least one other embodiment.”
  • blockchain P2P networks may occupy a large amount of bandwidth on the Internet, which is particularly prominent in blockchain applications that utilize mobile broadband networks.
  • each block of the blockchain spreads to each device, which will bring more bandwidth consumption.
  • the volume of transactions is huge, and larger blocks are needed to accommodate More transactions, while requiring a shorter interval of block generation, will result in more data being spread across the P2P network.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a blockchain unicast multicast hybrid networking scheme under the mobile broadband network, which utilizes the multimedia broadcast multicast service of the mobile network.
  • the (MBMS: Multimedia Broadcast and Multicase Services) technology broadcasts each of the latest block information to all blockchain nodes in the network, while retaining the use of unicast to discover neighboring nodes and sync blocks.
  • the mobile network's MBMS technology supports the provision of multicast/broadcast services in cellular networks, providing the same content to a wide range of users.
  • MBMS can significantly reduce the cost of providing high-bandwidth content such as video and audio to a large number of users simultaneously on a long-term evolution (LTE) network, avoiding network congestion caused by many users simultaneously acquiring the same content in a unicast network. .
  • LTE long-term evolution
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic architectural diagram of an MBMS system 100 of a mobile network.
  • the MBMS system includes a Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC), which is responsible for authenticating, charging, and shaping the content service 110 provided by the content provider and in the network. Data transfer synchronization, etc.
  • the content service 110 may include data content such as live data streams, Content Distributed Network (CDN) data streams, satellite data streams, etc., which may be provided by different content providers.
  • CDN Content Distributed Network
  • the BM-SC 120 carries MBMS control signaling via the SGmb interface 121, and carries MBMS service data via the SGi-mb interface 122 to communicate with the MBMS gateway 130.
  • the MBMS gateway 130 is responsible for multicasting IP packets from the BM-SC to the corresponding base station 150.
  • the Multicast Coordination Entity (MCE) 140 may be an independent entity or part of the base station 150, which provides admission control, allocates radio resources for the MBMS, and the like.
  • base station 150 provides IP multicast messages from the content provider to users of wireless terminal 160.
  • the MBMS system 100 also includes a broadcast operation support system 170, a network operation support system 180, and the like, respectively providing necessary support for the MBMS service.
  • the wireless terminal 160 can also repair and receive reports with the BM-SC 120 via HTTP unicast files.
  • the MBMS system 100 is only one example of providing broadcast multicast technology in a mobile network, which may also be an evolved MBMS (eMBMS) system in a Long Term Evolution LTE or Fifth Generation Mobile Telecommunications (5G) network.
  • eMBMS evolved MBMS
  • 5G Fifth Generation Mobile Telecommunications
  • wireless terminal is any terminal device having wireless communication functions including, but not limited to, a cell phone, a computer, a personal digital assistant, a game machine, a wearable device, and a sensor.
  • base station may refer to a Node B (Node B, or NB), an evolved Node B (eNB), a low power node such as a pico base station, a femto base station, etc., a Basic Transceiver Station (BTS), a Base Station (BS), or Base Station Subsystem (BSS) and the like.
  • Node B Node B
  • eNB evolved Node B
  • BTS Basic Transceiver Station
  • BS Base Station
  • BSS Base Station Subsystem
  • each node may have a different division of labor depending on the functionality provided.
  • Some nodes maintain a complete, up-to-date blockchain copy, and such nodes are called full nodes. All nodes are able to independently verify all transactions without any external reference.
  • some nodes only retain a part of the blockchain, which completes transaction verification through a method called Simple Payment Verification (SPV).
  • SPV Simple Payment Verification
  • each block in a blockchain includes a block header and a block body.
  • the list of transactions in the block generation time period is recorded in the block body, and other functions of the blockchain are implemented by the block header.
  • the block header includes, for example, a version number, a time stamp, a block hash value, a difficulty value, a random number Nonce, and the like.
  • the version number identifies the version information of the software and the protocol; the time when the time stamp records the block; the block hash value is the hash value of the block header of the previous block (ie, the parent block) to which the block is linked;
  • the difficulty value is the difficulty target of the block-related math problem; the random number Nonce is the value of the answer to decrypt the math problem related to the block.
  • the SPV node When a new block is created in a blockchain network by a node with the ability to mine or generate a new block, the SPV node only needs to receive the block header, and the entire node needs to receive the entire block information.
  • an eMBMS block node refers to a full node (referred to as a block multicast node) having eMBMS multicast capability, which are trusted nodes, and can be configured as a seed node of a common full node and an SPV node.
  • Each block multicast node has a corresponding multicast (also known as multicast) area. Different multicast areas may have different block multicast nodes. These block multicast nodes may belong to different mobile network operators or may occupy different eMBMS channels.
  • blockchain network 200 includes multicast regions 210 and 220. There are corresponding block multicast nodes in each multicast area, namely eMBMS block nodes 211 and 221. Common full nodes 212, 214, 215 and SPV nodes 213 are included in the multicast area 210. Common full nodes 222, 223, 225 and SPV nodes 224 are included in the multicast area 220.
  • any machine such as a computer, a mobile terminal, a smart phone, an Internet of Things device, etc. can be added to the blockchain network 200 to become a node. It can be understood that only the logical association between the nodes in the blockchain network 200 is illustrated in FIG. 2, and the nodes in the physical blockchain network 200 can be connected in various manners including wired, wireless, and the like. The present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
  • the nodes in the blockchain network 200 may have the ability to receive eMBMS multicasts or not to receive eMBMS multicasts, but they all have the ability to interact with other nodes through unicast.
  • full node 212, SPV node 213, and full node 215 (shown in hatched) in multicast region 210 have the ability to receive eMBMS multicast, while full node 214 does not have the ability to receive eMBMS multicast.
  • full node 222, full node 223, and full node 225 (shown in hatched) in multicast region 220 have the ability to receive eMBMS multicast, while SPV node 224 does not have the ability to receive eMBMS multicast.
  • a block chain node when a block chain node shakes hands with each other by unicast, it tells the other party whether or not it has the ability to transmit and receive multicast. Moreover, each node having the ability to mine or generate a new block, once a new block is created, preferentially sends the new block information to the interconnected eMBMS block node and the node that does not have the eMBMS multicast capability.
  • the blockchain network 200 can support SPV nodes as well as full nodes, and can support nodes with multicast reception capabilities as well as nodes with only unicast capabilities.
  • the unicast delivery block information between the eMBMS block nodes or other nodes may forward the block information to the corresponding eMBMS block node.
  • the eMBMS multicast may be used. Synchronizing the latest blockchain to the blockchain node in the network effectively solves the shortcomings of the traditional P2P network occupying too much network resources and easily causing network storms, and is particularly suitable for the combination of the mobile broadband network and the Internet of Things.
  • blockchain nodes are faster in eMBMS multicast synchronization blockchain, and fewer intermediate nodes are passed, which can reduce the probability of soft forks and reduce the blockchain with proof of work (POW, proven of work). Energy consumption.
  • the eMBMS block node 211 can implement packet multicasting in the multicast area by packet encapsulation of the multicast block.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a method 300 that may be performed by a multicast node in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. Method 300 can be performed, for example, at eMBMS tile node 211.
  • new block information is obtained at the block multicast node of the blockchain network.
  • the new block information may be received by the eMBMS block node 211 from a block node in the blockchain network or by the eMBMS block node 211.
  • the block multicast node verifies the new block information.
  • the block multicast node in response to the validated new block information being valid, the block multicast node generates different types of block multicast messages based on the node type and new block information of the plurality of block nodes in the blockchain network.
  • each block is treated as a separate file, and a scheme similar to an eMBMS multicast file is used to multicast the block.
  • the multicast node In order to improve the multicast efficiency of the block information and effectively utilize the bandwidth resources, the multicast node generates different types of block multicast packets.
  • Figure 4 shows a message encapsulation 400 for a conventional eMBMS multicast file.
  • the file can be divided into many small data blocks and sent in the file delivery (Uniform Transport) of the multicast message (FLUTE: File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport).
  • Field 401 indicates a unicast IP address, such as the address of the BM-SC to which the message will be sent.
  • Fields 402 and 405 indicate the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) message header.
  • Field 403 is the SYNC header indicating the SYNC protocol information. The SYNC protocol is used for time synchronization between entities that broadcast messages, such as base stations.
  • Field 404 indicates the multicast IP address corresponding to the multicast zone. The segmented data blocks are separately carried in field 406 for transmission.
  • the block header is generally small.
  • Bitcoin's block header is 80 bytes, which can be placed directly into a UDP packet.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure introduce a BLOCK packet header field that includes a block data type (BLOCK type) and a block height (BLOCK height).
  • the block data type marks whether the content in the message is block header information or block transaction information, and the block height is used to store the height of the current block.
  • the block header can be 9 bytes, where the block data type can be 1 byte and the other 8 bytes are used to store the height of the current block.
  • the first type of multicast packet encapsulation 500 includes a block header field 501 and a block header 502 in addition to the fields 401-405 in the message protocol stack 400.
  • the block header field 501 is composed of two subfields of type and height as described above.
  • Block header 502 includes block header information for the blocks in the blockchain, as previously described.
  • the second type of multicast packet encapsulation 600 includes a block header field 601, a FLUTE header 602, and a FLUTE payload field 603 in addition to the fields 401-405 in the message protocol stack 400.
  • the block header field 601 is composed of two subfields of type and height as described above.
  • the block transaction data is carried in the FLUTE payload field 603. In one example, when the value of the type field is 0x01, it indicates that the following data is the block header. When the type field is 0x02, it means that the following data is block transaction information.
  • the block multicast node After the block multicast node generates and encapsulates different types of block multicast messages according to the above process, at 340, different types of block multicast messages are sent to the MBMS nodes in the mobile broadband network, so that The broadband network broadcasts block multicast packets to multiple block nodes.
  • blockchain multicast node 211 generates different types of block multicast messages for transmission to MBMS nodes in the mobile network, such as BM-SC 120. Different types of block multicast messages are broadcasted via the BM-SC 120. Therefore, the node having the multicast capability in the multicast area 210 can receive the block multicast messages and process the message to obtain the block information.
  • an SPV node for an SPV node, only a packet with a BLOCK type of 0x01 needs to be received and parsed, and a packet with a BLOCK type of 0x02 is ignored to save power.
  • both types of messages need to be received.
  • the block is found to have been received by other means according to the block height in the message, the message can also be ignored.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide different solutions for packet loss for two different BLOCK types.
  • the block transaction data is sent as a file by FLUTE protocol encapsulation, and forward error correction (FEC) technology can be used.
  • the block transaction data is encoded.
  • a specific FEC encoding algorithm for example, Rator 10
  • Rator 10 may be used to generate a certain proportion of repair data for the block transaction data such as the new block.
  • the block transaction data is divided into a plurality of transmission source blocks; forward error correction coding is performed on the plurality of transmission source blocks, and then the encoded plurality of transmission source blocks are encapsulated into multiple based on the FLUTE protocol.
  • Multicast packets For example, if the block transaction data can be divided into N message transmissions, the forward error correction coded data can be transmitted through M messages.
  • the FEC decoding algorithm can restore the original block transaction data as long as K>N+L (0 ⁇ L ⁇ M) is satisfied.
  • efficient and reliable transmission of block transaction data is achieved by file forward error correction coding.
  • forward error correction coding technology can also be used to deal with packet loss.
  • the problem of packet header loss may be solved by means of repeated transmission.
  • the block multicast node always sends a block header message of a predetermined number of times (for example, 2 times) before transmitting the transaction data of one block.
  • a node if a node does not receive the block header message or the complete block transaction data, it can be obtained from the neighboring node by unicast.
  • the method 700 which may be performed by a full node, such as the full node 212, includes, at 710, receiving a block multicast message from a block multicast node in the multicast region at a blockchain full node in the multicast region.
  • the block multicast message includes the first type and the second type as above, the block multicast message of the first type includes at least the block header of the block information, and the second type of block multicast message Block transaction data including at least block information.
  • the full node parses the first type and the second type of block multicast message to obtain block information. Specifically, for example, the full node 212 having the multicast receiving capability can determine the type of the block multicast message by identifying the block message header of the block multicast message. If it is the first type, the block header in the block multicast message is extracted; if the block multicast message is of the second type, the block transaction data in the block multicast message is extracted.
  • the full node 212 further performs FEC decoding on the received plurality of second types of multicast messages based on the FEC algorithm exchanged by the two communicating parties, thereby acquiring the block transaction data. In another embodiment, the full node 212 also determines if the resulting block information is complete. If the block information is incomplete, a request is sent to the neighboring node to obtain the complete block information.
  • the full node 212 if it generates a new block, it transmits the new block information to the node (not the node 214) that does not have the multicast capability in the block multicast node 211 and the multicast area 210. So that the new block is broadcasted to the multicast area 210 by the block multicast node 211.
  • the block multicast node 221 in the multicast area 220 can further broadcast the new block to the block chain node in the multicast area 220.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a method 800 that may be performed by an SPV node (eg, SPV node 213) in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the SPM node in the multicast area receives the block multicast message from the block multicast node in the multicast area, and the block multicast message includes the first type and the second type, the first The type of block multicast message includes at least a block header of the block information, and the second type of block multicast message includes at least block transaction data of the block information.
  • the first type of block multicast message is parsed to obtain block information.
  • the SPV node 213 having the multicast receiving capability can determine the type of the block multicast message by identifying the block message header of the block multicast message. If the first type is used, the block header in the block multicast packet is extracted. If the block multicast packet is of the second type, the packet is ignored or discarded. In this way, not only is it beneficial to save bandwidth resources, but also to save power consumption of SPV nodes.
  • the SPV node 213 notifies neighboring nodes in its multicast region of multicast capability information indicating whether it has the ability to transmit multicast, the ability to receive multicast, or to send and receive. The ability to multicast.
  • a scheme for hybrid networking for blockchain by unicast and eMBMS multicast under a mobile broadband network is provided.
  • the solution has large network throughput and good real-time performance, and is suitable for scenarios with high transaction frequency and high real-time transaction requirements.
  • the changes to the original blockchain P2P network are small, and the implementation ratio is relatively simple.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic block diagram of an electronic device 900 that can be used to implement embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • electronic device 900 can be implemented as any of the nodes depicted in FIG. 2, or electronic device 900 can be implemented as any of any of the nodes depicted in FIG.
  • device 900 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 901 (eg, a processor) that can be loaded into random access memory from computer program instructions stored in read only memory (ROM) 902 or from storage unit 908 ( Computer program instructions in RAM 903 to perform various appropriate actions and processes. In the RAM 903, various programs and data required for the operation of the device 900 can also be stored.
  • the CPU 901, the ROM 902, and the RAM 903 are connected to each other through a bus 904.
  • An input/output (I/O) interface 905 is also coupled to bus 904.
  • a plurality of components in device 900 are coupled to I/O interface 905, including: input unit 906, such as a keyboard, mouse, etc.; output unit 907, such as various types of displays, speakers, etc.; storage unit 908, such as a magnetic disk, optical disk, etc. And a communication unit 909 such as a network card, a modem, a wireless communication transceiver, and the like. Communication unit 909 allows device 900 to exchange information/data with other devices over a computer network such as the Internet and/or various telecommunication networks.
  • method 300, 700 or 800 may be performed by processing unit 901.
  • method 300, 700 or 800 can be implemented as a computer software program that is tangibly embodied in a machine readable medium, such as storage unit 908.
  • some or all of the computer program may be loaded and/or installed onto device 900 via ROM 902 and/or communication unit 909.
  • ROM 902 When a computer program is loaded into RAM 903 and executed by CPU 901, one or more of the acts 300 or 700 or 800 described above may be performed.
  • the various example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, firmware, logic, or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which can be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device.
  • firmware or software which can be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device.
  • a general purpose processor digital signal processor (DSP), application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • a general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
  • the processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, a combination of one or more microprocessors and a DSP core, or any other such structure.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure may be described in the context of machine-executable instructions, such as in a program module that is executed in a device on a real or virtual processor of a target.
  • program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, and the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data structures.
  • the functionality of the program modules may be combined or divided between the described program modules.
  • Machine-executable instructions for program modules can be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules can be located in both local and remote storage media.
  • Computer program code for implementing the methods of the present disclosure can be written in one or more programming languages.
  • the computer program code can be provided to a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer or a processor of other programmable data processing apparatus such that the program code, when executed by a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, causes a flowchart and/or block diagram.
  • the functions/operations specified in are implemented.
  • the program code can execute entirely on the computer, partly on the computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the computer and partly on the remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server.
  • a machine-readable medium can be any tangible medium that contains or stores a program for or relating to an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
  • the machine readable medium can be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium.
  • a machine-readable medium can include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination thereof. More detailed examples of machine readable storage media include electrical connections with one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read only Memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical storage device, magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof.

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Abstract

本公开的实施例涉及移动宽带网络下的区块链单播多播网络、区块链设备及其通信方法。在区块链网络的区块组播节点处执行的方法包括获得新区块信息并对其进行验证。该方法还包括响应于经验证的新区块信息有效，基于组播区域中的区块节点的类型和新区块信息，生成不同类型的区块组播报文；以及向移动宽带网络中的多媒体广播多播(MBMS)节点发送该不同类型的区块组播报文，以使得经由移动宽带网络向多个区块节点广播该报文。本公开的实施例通过MBMS多播将最新区块链同步到所有节点，有效解决了传统P2P网络占用网络资源过多和容易引起网络风暴的缺点。此外，区块链节点通过MBMS多播快速地同步区块链，具有实时性好且易于实现的优点。

Description

移动宽带网络下的区块链多播网络、区块链设备及其通信方法 技术领域
本公开的实施例总体上涉及区块链技术，并且具体地，涉及一种移动宽带网络下的区块链多播网络、区块链设备及其通信方法。
背景技术
区块链是一种源自比特币的去中心化分布式记账技术。参与到区块链系统中的各个节点，彼此无需信任。区块链由所有参加的节点共同维护，每个参与维护的节点都可以获取一份区块链数据的完整拷贝并独立进行验证。区块链采用了密码技术来保证区块链只能添加新数据而不能篡改已经发生过的数据。
通常，区块链使用基于互联网的对等(P2P：peer-to-peer)网络架构将所有节点联系在一起。在P2P网络中不存在任何服务端、中央化的服务、以及层级结构，每个网络节点以"扁平"的拓扑结构相互连通。P2P网络的节点之间交互运作、协同处理，每个节点在对外提供服务的同时也使用网络中其他节点所提供的服务。P2P网络也因此具有可靠性、去中心化，以及开放性。
区块链的P2P网络和传统的基于P2P的文件分享一样，可能占用互联网的大量带宽。这个问题在移动宽带网络中更加突出。例如，在区块链的典型应用场景物联网(IOT，Internet of Things)中，海量设备通过移动宽带相连。在此情况下，大量且更大的区块数据在物联网众多区块节点之间传递，这带来可观的带宽消耗，并且显著增加了区块链在移动宽带网络上的部署成本。
有鉴于此，期望的是提供一种解决方案用以有效解决传统P2P区块链网络占用网络资源过多以及容易引起网络风暴的问题，与此同时具有易于实现、成本有效等优势。
发明内容
总体上，本公开的实施例提出了移动宽带网络下的区块链多播网络、 区块链设备及其通信方法。
在本公开的第一方面，提供一种用于区块链网络的通信方法。该方法包括：在区块链网络的区块组播节点处，获得新区块信息；对新区块信息进行验证；响应于经验证的新区块信息有效，基于区块链网络中的多个区块节点的节点类型和新区块信息，生成不同类型的区块组播报文；以及向移动宽带网络中的多媒体广播多播(MBMS)节点发送不同类型的区块组播报文，以使得经由移动宽带网络向多个区块节点广播区块组播报文。
在某些实施例中，生成不同类型的区块组播报文包括：生成区块报文头部，区块报文头部至少指示区块组播报文的类型以及当前区块的高度；基于新区块信息的区块头部和区块报文头部，生成第一类型的区块组播报文；以及基于新区块信息的区块交易数据和区块报文头部，生成第二类型的区块组播报文。
在某些实施例中，生成第二类型的区块组播报文包括：将区块交易数据分为多个传送源块；对多个传送源块进行前向纠错编码；以及将经编码的多个传送源块基于单向传输上的文件传递(FLUTE)协议封装为多个组播报文。
在某些实施例中，广播区块组播报文包括：在广播第二类型的区块组播报文之前，以预定次数广播第一类型的区块组播报文。
在某些实施例中，广播区块组播报文包括：在广播第二类型的区块组播报文期间，以预定次数广播第一类型的区块组播报文。
在本公开的第二方面，提供一种用于区块链网络的通信方法。该方法包括：在区块链网络的组播区域中的区块链全节点处，接收来自组播区域中的区块组播节点的区块组播报文，区块组播报文包括第一类型和第二类型，第一类型的区块组播报文至少包括区块信息的区块头部，并且第二类型的区块组播报文至少包括区块信息的区块交易数据；以及解析第一类型和第二类型的区块组播报文，以得到区块信息。
在某些实施例中，解析第一类型和第二类型的区块组播报文包括：基于区块组播报文的区块报文头部，确定区块组播报文的类型；响应于区块组播报文为第一类型，提取区块组播报文中的区块头部；以及响应于区块 组播报文为第二类型，提取区块组播报文中的区块交易数据。
在某些实施例中，该方法还包括：确定得到的区块信息是否完整；以及响应于得到的区块信息不完整，向相邻节点发送请求以获取完整的区块信息。
在某些实施例中，该方法还包括：响应于产生新区块信息，向区块组播节点和组播区域中不具有接收多播能力的节点发送新区块信息。
在本公开的第三方面，提供一种用于区块链网络的通信方法，包括：在区块链网络的组播区域中的简易支付验证(SPV)节点处，接收来自组播区域中的区块组播节点的区块组播报文，区块组播报文包括第一类型和第二类型，第一类型的区块组播报文至少包括区块信息的区块头部，并且第二类型的区块组播报文至少包括区块信息的区块交易数据；以及解析第一类型的区块组播报文，以获取区块信息。
在某些实施例中，解析第一类型的区块组播报文包括：基于区块组播报文的区块报文头部，确定区块组播报文的类型；响应于区块组播报文为第一类型，提取区块组播报文中的区块头部；以及响应于区块组播报文为第二类型，丢弃区块组播报文。
在某些实施例中，该方法还包括：向组播区域中的相邻节点通知多播能力信息，多播能力信息指示自己是否具有发送多播的能力、接收多播的能力或者发送和接收多播的能力。
根据本公开的第四方面，提供一种区块链网络中的组播设备，包括：处理器；存储器，耦合至处理器并且存储有指令，指令在由处理器执行时使组播设备执行以下动作：获得新区块信息；对新区块信息进行验证；响应于经验证的新区块信息有效，基于区块链网络中的多个区块节点的节点类型和新区块信息，生成不同类型的区块组播报文；以及向移动宽带网络中的多媒体广播多播(MBMS)节点发送不同类型的区块组播报文，以使得经由移动宽带网络向多个区块节点广播区块组播报文。
根据本公开的第五方面，提供一种区块链网络中的全节点设备，包括：处理器；存储器，耦合至处理器并且存储有指令，指令在由处理器执行时使组播设备执行以下动作：接收来自组播区域中的区块组播节点的区块组 播报文，区块组播报文包括第一类型和第二类型，第一类型的区块组播报文至少包括区块信息的区块头部，并且第二类型的区块组播报文至少包括区块信息的区块交易数据；以及解析第一类型和第二类型的区块组播报文，以得到区块信息。
根据本公开的第六方面，提供一种区块链网络中的简易支付验证(SPV)设备，包括：处理器；存储器，耦合至处理器并且存储有指令，指令在由处理器执行时使SPV设备执行以下动作：接收来自组播区域中的区块组播节点的区块组播报文，区块组播报文包括第一类型和第二类型，第一类型的区块组播报文至少包括区块信息的区块头部，并且第二类型的区块组播报文至少包括区块信息的区块交易数据；以及解析第一类型的区块组播报文，以获取区块信息。
根据本公开的第七方面，提供一种区块链网络，包括根据本公开的第一方面所描述的组播设备、根据本公开的第二方面所描述的的全节点设备以及本公开的第三方面所描述的的简易支付验证设备。
根据本发明的第八方面，提供一种计算机可读存储介质，具有存储在其上的计算机可读程序指令，计算机可读程序指令用于执行根据本公开的第一方面、第二方面和第三方面所描述的方法。
本公开的实施例提出了一种在移动宽带网络下通过单播和MBMS多播为区块链混合组网的方案。该方案具有以下的优点：通过MBMS多播将最新区块链同步到所有节点，有效解决了传统P2P网络占用网络资源过多和容易引起网络风暴的缺点。此外，区块链节点通过MBMS多播同步区块链的速度快，实时性好，并且易于实现。
附图说明
结合附图并参考以下详细说明，本公开各实施例的上述和其他特征、优点及方面将变得更加明显。在附图中，相同或相似的附图标记表示相同或相似的元素，其中：
图1示出了移动宽带网络的多媒体广播多播系统架构的示意图；
图2示出了根据本公开实施例的移动宽带网络中的区块链混合网络架 构的示意图；
图3示出了根据本公开实施例的可以由区块组播节点执行的方法的示例流程图；
图4示出了传统的MBMS组播报文封装的示意图；
图5示出了在一些实施例中应用的第一类型的组播报文封装的示意图；
图6示出了在一些实施例中应用的第二类型的组播报文封装的示意图；
图7示出了根据本公开实施例的可以由区块全节点执行的方法的示例流程图；
图8示出了根据本公开实施例的可以由区块简易支付验证节点执行的方法的示例流程图；以及
图9示出了根据本公开的一些实施例的设备的框图。
具体实施方式
现将结合附图对本公开的实施例进行具体的描述。应当注意的是，附图中对相似的部件或者功能组件可能使用同样的数字标示。所附附图仅仅旨在说明本公开的实施例。本领字段的技术人员可以在不偏离本公开精神和保护范围的基础上从下述描述得到替代的实施方式。
如本文中所述，术语"包括"及其各种变体可以被理解为开放式术语，其意味着"包括但不限于"。术语"基于"可以被理解为"至少部分地基于"。术语"一个实施例"可以被理解为"至少一个实施例"。术语"另一实施例"可以被理解为"至少一个其它实施例"。
如前所述，区块链的P2P网络可能占用互联网的大量带宽，这在利用移动宽带网络的区块链应用中尤其突出。一方面因为设备数量众多，区块链的每一个区块传播到每个设备会带来更大的带宽消耗；另一方面，因为设备数量众多，交易量庞大，需要更大的区块来容纳更多的交易，同时要求产生区块的时间间隔更短，因此会有更多的数据在P2P网络中传播。
为了有效解决此问题，同时提升区块链网络的效率，本公开的实施例提出一种移动宽带网络下的区块链单播多播混合组网方案，其利用移动网 络的多媒体广播多播服务(MBMS：Multimedia Broadcast and Multicase Services)技术来广播每一个最新的区块信息到网络所有区块链节点，同时保留了使用单播来发现相邻节点以及同步区块。
移动网络的MBMS技术支持在蜂窝网络中提供多播/广播服务，为很大覆盖范围的广大用户提供相同的内容。MBMS能够显著地降低运营商在诸如长期演进(LTE)网络上同时向大量用户提供诸如视频、音频等高带宽内容的成本，避免在单播网络中由于许多用户同时获取相同内容而引起的网络拥塞。
图1示出了移动网络的MBMS系统100的示意架构图。如图所示，MBMS系统包括广播多播服务中心(BM-SC：Broadcast Multicast Service Center)120，其负责对内容提供商所提供的内容服务110进行鉴权，计费和流量整形以及网络中的数据传输同步等。内容服务110可以包括例如直播数据流、内容分布式网络(CDN：Content Distributed Network)数据流、卫星数据流等数据内容，这些数据内容可以由不同的内容提供商提供。
BM-SC 120经由SGmb接口121承载MBMS控制信令、经由SGi-mb接口122承载MBMS业务数据而与MBMS网关130通信。MBMS网关130负责将来自BM-SC的IP报文多播到相应的基站150上。多播协调实体(MCE：Multicast Coordination Entity)140可以是独立地实体也可以是基站150的一部分，其提供准入控制、为MBMS分配无线电资源等。由此，基站150将来自内容提供商的IP多播报文提供给无线终端160的用户。
此外，MBMS系统100还包括广播操作支持系统170、网络操作支持系统180等，分别提供MBMS服务必要的支持。无线终端160还可以与BM-SC 120之间通过HTTP单播文件修复和接收报告。
需要注意的是，MBMS系统100仅是移动网络中提供广播多播技术的一个示例，其也可以是长期演进LTE或第五代移动通信(5G)网络中的演进MBMS(eMBMS)系统。另外，在此使用的术语"无线终端"是具有无线通信功能的任何终端设备，包括但不限于，手机、计算机、个人数字助理、游戏机、可穿戴设备、以及传感器等。术语"基站"可以表示节点B(Node B，或者NB)、演进节点B(eNB)、诸如微微基站、毫微微基站等的低功率节点、基本收发器站(BTS)、基站(BS)、或者基站子系统(BSS)等等。
对于区块链网络，尽管区块链P2P网络中的各个节点如前所述是相互 对等的，但是根据所提供的功能不同，各节点可能具有不同的分工。一些节点保有一份完整的、最新的区块链拷贝，这样的节点被称为全节点。全节点能够独立自主地校验所有交易，而不需借由任何外部参照。另外还有一些节点只保留了区块链的一部分，它们通过一种称为简易支付验证(SPV，Simple Payment Verification)的方式来完成交易验证。这样的节点被称为SPV节点。
一般而言，区块链中的每个区块包括区块头部和区块体。区块体中记录区块生成时间段内的交易清单，区块链的其他功能通过区块头部实现。区块头部包括例如版本号、时间戳、区块哈希值、难度值、随机数Nonce等。其中版本号标识软件及协议的相关版本信息；时间戳记录区块产生的时间；区块哈希值是区块所链接的前一区块(即父区块)的区块头的哈希值；难度值是区块相关数学题的难度目标；随机数Nonce是解密该区块相关数学题的答案的值。
当区块链网络中由具有挖矿或产生新区块能力的节点创建出新区块时，SPV节点只需要接收区块头部，而全节点需要接收整个区块信息。
图2示出了根据本公开的实施例的移动宽带网络中的单播多播混合网络200的示意架构图。在图2中，eMBMS区块节点是指具有eMBMS多播能力的全节点(称之为区块组播节点)，它们是可信任节点，可以配置为普通全节点和SPV节点的种子节点。每个区块组播节点都具有相应的多播(也称为组播)区域。不同的组播区域可以有不同的区块组播节点。这些区块组播节点可以属于不同的移动网络运营商，也可以占用不同的eMBMS信道。
如图2所示出的，区块链网络200包括组播区域210和220。在每个组播区域中存在相应的区块组播节点，即eMBMS区块节点211和221。在组播区域210中包括普通全节点212、214、215以及SPV节点213。在组播区域220中包括普通全节点222、223、225以及SPV节点224。
在实际应用中，任何机器如计算机、移动终端、智能手机、物联网设备等都可以加入区块链网络200而成为节点。可以理解，图2中仅是示意了区块链网络200中的各节点之间的逻辑关联，物理上区块链网络200中的各节点之间可以通过包括有线、无线等各种方式连接。本公开在此方面不做限制。
区块链网络200中的节点既可以具有接收eMBMS多播的能力，也可以不具有接收eMBMS多播的能力，但是它们都有通过单播与其他节点交互的能力。作为示例，例如组播区域210中的全节点212、SPV节点213和全节点215(以阴影示出)具备接收eMBMS多播的能力，而全节点214不具备接收eMBMS多播的能力。同样地，组播区域220中的全节点222、全节点223和全节点225(以阴影示出)具备接收eMBMS多播的能力，而SPV节点224不具备接收eMBMS多播的能力。
根据本公开的实施例，区块链节点通过单播相互握手时，告诉对方自己是否具有发送和接收多播的能力。而且，每个具有挖矿或产生新区块能力的节点一旦创建出新区块，其优先将新区块信息发送给相互连接的eMBMS区块节点和不具有接收eMBMS多播能力的节点。
在这样的区块链网络200中，eMBMS区块节点获得新区块信息并验证通过后，通过多播将区块信息发送给其多播区域中的具有多播接收能力的节点。此外，对于不具有接收多播能力的节点，其可以采用传统的单播方式获取区块信息。由此，区块链网络200可以支持SPV节点，也可以支持全节点，并且可以支持具有多播接收能力的节点，也可以支持只具有单播能力的节点。
不同的组播区域210和220之间可以经由eMBMS区块节点之间的单播传递区块信息或者其他节点将区块信息转发给相应的eMBMS区块节点，以此方式，通过eMBMS多播可以将最新区块链同步到网络内区块链节点，有效解决了传统P2P网络占用网络资源过多和容易引起网络风暴的缺点，特别适合移动宽带网络和物联网相结合的场景。另一方面，区块链节点通过eMBMS多播同步区块链的速度快，经过的中间节点少，可以降低软分叉的概率，降低采用工作量(POW,prove of work)证明的区块链的能耗。
eMBMS区块节点211可以通过组播区块的报文封装来实现对组播区域中的报文组播。图3示出了根据本公开的实施例的可以由组播节点执行的方法300。方法300例如可以在eMBMS区块节点211处执行。
在310，在区块链网络的区块组播节点处，获得新区块信息。在一个实施例中，该新区块信息可以是eMBMS区块节点211从区块链网络中的区块节点接收的，或者是由该eMBMS区块节点211产生的。随后在320，区块组播节点对新区块信息进行验证。
在330，响应于经验证的新区块信息有效，区块组播节点基于区块链网络中的多个区块节点的节点类型和新区块信息，生成不同类型的区块组播报文。
根据本公开的实施例，将每一个区块当作一个独立的文件，使用类似eMBMS组播文件的方案来组播区块。为了提高区块信息的组播效率并有效利用带宽资源，组播节点生成不同类型的区块组播报文。
图4示出了传统的eMBMS组播文件的报文封装400。如图所示，文件可以被分割许多小的数据块放在组播报文的单向传输上的文件传递(FLUTE：File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport)包体(即有效载荷)中发送出去。字段401指示单播IP地址，例如报文将发往的BM-SC的地址。字段402和405指示用户数据报协议(UDP：User Datagram Protocol)报文头部。字段403为SYNC头部，指示SYNC协议信息。SYNC协议用于广播报文的实体(例如各基站)之间的时间同步。字段404指示与组播区域相对应的多播IP地址。而被分割的数据块在字段406中被分别承载发送。
由于区块链中的SPV节点只需要接收区块头部，而区块头部一般比较小。例如，比特币的区块头部为80字节，其可以直接放入一个UDP包中。由此，本公开的实施例引入区块报文头部(BLOCK packet header)字段，其包括区块数据类型(BLOCK type)以及区块高度(BLOCK height)。区块数据类型标记该报文中的内容是区块头部信息还是区块交易信息，区块高度用于存放当前区块的高度。在一个示例中，区块报文头可以为9字节，其中区块数据类型可以为1字节，另外8个字节用于存放当前区块的高度。
图5和图6分别示出了根据本公开的一些实施例的第一类型的组播报文封装500和第二类型的组播报文封装600的示意图。如图5所示，第一类型的组播报文封装500除了报文协议栈400中401-405各字段外，还包括区块报文头字段501和区块头部502。区块报文头字段501由如前所述的类型和高度两个子字段构成。区块头部502包括区块链中的区块的区块头部信息，如前所述。
在图6中，第二类型的组播报文封装600除了报文协议栈400中401-405各字段外，还包括区块报文头字段601、FLUTE头部602和FLUTE有效载荷字段603。同样地，区块报文头字段601由如前所述的类型和高度两个子 字段构成。FLUTE有效载荷字段603中承载区块交易数据。在一个示例中，当类型字段的值为为0x01时，表示后面的数据是区块头部。当类型字段为0x02时，表示后面的数据是区块交易信息。
当区块组播节点按照如上过程生成并封装了不同类型的区块组播报文后，在340，向移动宽带网络中的MBMS节点发送不同类型的区块组播报文，以使得经由移动宽带网络向多个区块节点广播区块组播报文。
在一个实施例中，区块链组播节点211生成不同类型的区块组播报文，发送给移动网络中的MBMS节点例如BM-SC 120。经由BM-SC 120，不同类型的区块组播报文被广播出去。由此，组播区域210中具有接收多播能力的节点可以接收这些区块组播报文，并对报文进行处理，从而获取区块信息。
根据本公开的一个实施例，对于SPV节点，只需要接收并解析BLOCK type为0x01的报文，而忽略BLOCK type为0x02的报文，以节省能耗。而对于全节点，两种类型的报文都需要接收。对于任意节点，如果根据报文中的区块高度发现该区块已经通过别的方式接收过，也可以忽略该报文。
由于MBMS多播发送的是基于UDP包的报文，也即并不保证可靠信息传送，因而在多播接收端信号不好的时候，传送有可能发生丢包的情况。本公开的实施例还提供针对两种不同BLOCK type的报文丢包的不同解决方案。
对于第二类型的区块组播报文(即区块交易报文)，区块交易数据作为一个文件通过FLUTE协议封装而发送，可以使用前向纠错编码(FEC,Forward Error Correction)技术来对区块交易数据进行编码。具体地，根据区块链网络的丢包率，可以使用特定的FEC编码算法(例如，Rator10)，为诸如新区块的区块交易数据生成一定比例的修复数据。
根据本公开的一个实施例，将区块交易数据分为多个传送源块；对多个传送源块进行前向纠错编码，之后将经编码的多个传送源块基于FLUTE协议封装为多个组播报文。例如，如果区块交易数据可以分为N个报文发送，那么经前向纠错编码的数据可以通过M个报文发送。在区块链节点处，如果接收到的报文的总数为K，只要满足K>N+L(0<L<M)，FEC解码算法就可以将原始区块交易数据还原出来。由此，通过文件前向纠错编码，实现对区块交易数据的有效和可靠传送。
对于第一类型的区块组播报文(即区块头部报文)，同样可以使用前向纠错编码技术来应对包丢失。在另一实施例中，可以使用重复发送的方式来解决区块头部报文丢失的问题。例如，区块组播节点在发送一个区块的交易数据之前，总是先发送预定次数(例如，2次)的区块头部报文。在发送区块交易数据过程中，还可以按照需求配置多次穿插重复发送区块头部报文。以此方式，实现对区块头部信息的有效和可靠传送。
此外，如果一个节点没有接收到区块头部报文或者完整的区块交易数据，可以通过单播的方式从相邻节点获取。
图7和图8分别示出了根据本公开的实施例的可以由全节点和SPV执行的方法。可以由全节点例如全节点212执行的方法700包括在710，在组播区域中的区块链全节点处，接收来自组播区域中的区块组播节点的区块组播报文。该区块组播报文包括如上的第一类型和第二类型，第一类型的区块组播报文至少包括区块信息的区块头部，并且第二类型的区块组播报文至少包括区块信息的区块交易数据。
然后在720，全节点解析第一类型和第二类型的区块组播报文，以得到区块信息。具体地，例如具有多播接收能力的全节点212可以通过识别区块组播报文的区块报文头部，确定区块组播报文的类型。如果是第一类型，则提取区块组播报文中的区块头部；如果区块组播报文为第二类型，则提取区块组播报文中的区块交易数据。
在一个实施例中，全节点212还基于通信双方所交互的FEC算法对所接收到的多个第二类型的组播报文进行FEC解码，从而获取区块交易数据。在另一实施例中，全节点212还确定得到的区块信息是否完整。如果到的区块信息不完整，则向相邻节点发送请求以获取完整的区块信息。
根据本公开的实施例，如果全节点212产生了一个新区块，其向区块组播节点211和组播区域210中不具有接收多播能力的节点(例如全节点214)发送该新区块信息，以使得通过区块组播节点211将新区块广播到组播区域210。与此同时，组播区域220中的区块组播节点221可以进一步将该新区块广播给组播区域220中的区块链节点。
图8示出了根据本公开的实施例的可以由SPV节点(例如SPV节点213)执行的方法800。在810，在组播区域中的SPV节点处，接收来自组播区域中的区块组播节点的区块组播报文，区块组播报文包括第一类型和 第二类型，第一类型的区块组播报文至少包括区块信息的区块头部，并且第二类型的区块组播报文至少包括区块信息的区块交易数据。
然后在820，解析第一类型的区块组播报文，以获取区块信息。具体地，例如具有多播接收能力的SPV节点213可以通过识别区块组播报文的区块报文头部，确定区块组播报文的类型。如果是第一类型，则提取区块组播报文中的区块头部；如果区块组播报文为第二类型，则忽略或丢弃该报文。以此方式，不仅有利于节省带宽资源，也有利于节省SPV节点的功耗。
在某些实施例中，SPV节点213向其组播区域中的相邻节点通知多播能力信息，该多播能力信息指示自己是否具有发送多播的能力、接收多播的能力或者发送和接收多播的能力。
通过以上所描述的本公开的实施例，提供了在移动宽带网络下通过单播和eMBMS多播为区块链混合组网的方案。该方案网络吞吐量大，实时性好，适用于交易频率高，交易实时性要求高的场景。另外，对原有的区块链P2P网络的改动较小，实现比相对简便。
图9图示了可以用来实施本公开的实施例的电子设备900的示意性框图。应当理解，电子设备900可以被实现为图2所描述的任一节点，或者电子设备900也可以被实现为图2所描述的任一节点中的任一个模块。如图9所示，设备900包括中央处理单元(CPU)901(例如处理器)，其可以根据存储在只读存储器(ROM)902中的计算机程序指令或者从存储单元908加载到随机访问存储器(RAM)903中的计算机程序指令，来执行各种适当的动作和处理。在RAM 903中，还可存储设备900操作所需的各种程序和数据。CPU 901、ROM 902以及RAM 903通过总线904彼此相连。输入/输出(I/O)接口905也连接至总线904。
设备900中的多个部件连接至I/O接口905，包括：输入单元906，例如键盘、鼠标等；输出单元907，例如各种类型的显示器、扬声器等；存储单元908，例如磁盘、光盘等；以及通信单元909，例如网卡、调制解调器、无线通信收发机等。通信单元909允许设备900通过诸如因特网的计算机网络和/或各种电信网络与其他设备交换信息/数据。
上文所描述的各种方法，例如方法300、700或800，可由处理单元901执行。例如，在一些实施例中，方法300、700或800可被实现为计算机软 件程序，其被有形地包含于机器可读介质，例如存储单元908。在一些实施例中，计算机程序的部分或者全部可以经由ROM 902和/或通信单元909而被载入和/或安装到设备900上。当计算机程序被加载到RAM 903并由CPU 901执行时，可以执行上文描述的方法300、700或800中的一个或多个动作或步骤。
一般而言，本公开的各种示例实施例可以在硬件或专用电路、软件、固件、逻辑，或其任何组合中实施。某些方面可以在硬件中实施，而其他方面可以在可以由控制器、微处理器或其他计算设备执行的固件或软件中实施。当本公开的实施例的各方面被图示或描述为框图、流程图或使用某些其他图形表示时，将理解此处描述的方框、装置、系统、技术或方法可以作为非限制性的示例在硬件、软件、固件、专用电路或逻辑、通用硬件或控制器或其他计算设备，或其某些组合中实施。
作为示例，可以用通用处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或其它可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑、分立硬件组件或用于执行本文所述的功能的任意组合来实现或执行结合本公开所描述的各种示例性的逻辑块、模块和电路。通用处理器可以是微处理器，或者，处理器也可以是任何普通的处理器、控制器、微控制器或者状态机。处理器也可以实现为计算设备的组合，例如，DSP和微处理器的组合、多个微处理器、一个或多个微处理器与DSP内核的结合，或者任何其它此种结构。
作为示例，本公开的实施例可以在机器可执行指令的上下文中被描述，机器可执行指令诸如包括在目标的真实或者虚拟处理器上的器件中执行的程序模块中。一般而言，程序模块包括例程、程序、库、对象、类、组件、数据结构等，其执行特定的任务或者实现特定的抽象数据结构。在各实施例中，程序模块的功能可以在所描述的程序模块之间合并或者分割。用于程序模块的机器可执行指令可以在本地或者分布式设备内执行。在分布式设备中，程序模块可以位于本地和远程存储介质二者中。
用于实现本公开的方法的计算机程序代码可以用一种或多种编程语言编写。这些计算机程序代码可以提供给通用计算机、专用计算机或其他可编程的数据处理装置的处理器，使得程序代码在被计算机或其他可编程的数据处理装置执行的时候，引起在流程图和/或框图中规定的功能/操作被实 施。程序代码可以完全在计算机上、部分在计算机上、作为独立的软件包、部分在计算机上且部分在远程计算机上或完全在远程计算机或服务器上执行。
在本公开的上下文中，机器可读介质可以是包含或存储用于或有关于指令执行系统、装置或设备的程序的任何有形介质。机器可读介质可以是机器可读信号介质或机器可读存储介质。机器可读介质可以包括但不限于电子的、磁的、光学的、电磁的、红外的或半导体系统、装置或设备，或其任意合适的组合。机器可读存储介质的更详细示例包括带有一根或多根导线的电气连接、便携式计算机磁盘、硬盘、随机存储存取器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(EPROM或闪存)、光存储设备、磁存储设备，或其任意合适的组合。
另外，尽管操作以特定顺序被描绘，但这并不应该理解为要求此类操作以示出的特定顺序或以相继顺序完成，或者执行所有图示的操作以获取期望结果。在某些情况下，多任务或并行处理会是有益的。同样地，尽管上述讨论包含了某些特定的实施细节，但这并不应解释为限制任何发明或权利要求的范围，而应解释为对可以针对特定发明的特定实施例的描述。本说明书中在分开的实施例的上下文中描述的某些特征也可以整合实施在单个实施例中。反之，在单个实施例的上下文中描述的各种特征也可以分离地在多个实施例或在任意合适的子组合中实施。
尽管已经以特定于结构特征和/或方法动作的语言描述了主题，但是应当理解，所附权利要求中限定的主题并不限于上文描述的特定特征或动作。相反，上文描述的特定特征和动作是作为实现权利要求的示例形式而被公开的。

Claims (28)

  1. 一种用于区块链网络的通信方法，包括：
    在所述区块链网络的区块组播节点处，获得新区块信息；
    对所述新区块信息进行验证；
    响应于经验证的所述新区块信息有效，基于所述区块链网络中的多个区块节点的节点类型和所述新区块信息，生成不同类型的区块组播报文；以及
    向移动宽带网络中的多媒体广播多播(MBMS)节点发送所述不同类型的所述区块组播报文，以使得经由所述移动宽带网络向所述多个区块节点广播所述区块组播报文。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中生成所述不同类型的所述区块组播报文包括：
    生成区块报文头部，所述区块报文头部至少指示所述区块组播报文的类型以及当前区块的高度；
    基于所述新区块信息的区块头部和所述区块报文头部，生成第一类型的所述区块组播报文；以及
    基于所述新区块信息的区块交易数据和所述区块报文头部，生成第二类型的所述区块组播报文。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中生成所述第二类型的所述区块组播报文包括：
    将所述区块交易数据分为多个传送源块；
    对所述多个传送源块进行前向纠错编码；以及
    将经编码的所述多个传送源块基于单向传输上的文件传递(FLUTE)协议封装为多个组播报文。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中广播所述区块组播报文包括：
    在广播所述第二类型的所述区块组播报文之前，以预定次数广播所述第一类型的所述区块组播报文。
  5. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中广播所述区块组播报文包括：
    在广播所述第二类型的所述区块组播报文期间，以预定次数广播所述第一类型的所述区块组播报文。
  6. 一种用于区块链网络的通信方法，包括：
    在所述区块链网络的组播区域中的区块链全节点处，接收来自所述组播区域中的区块组播节点的区块组播报文，所述区块组播报文包括第一类型和第二类型，所述第一类型的所述区块组播报文至少包括区块信息的区块头部，并且所述第二类型的所述区块组播报文至少包括所述区块信息的区块交易数据；以及
    解析所述第一类型和所述第二类型的所述区块组播报文，以得到所述区块信息。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中解析所述第一类型和所述第二类型的所述区块组播报文包括：
    基于所述区块组播报文的区块报文头部，确定所述区块组播报文的类型；
    响应于所述区块组播报文为第一类型，提取所述区块组播报文中的所述区块头部；以及
    响应于所述区块组播报文为第二类型，提取所述区块组播报文中的所述区块交易数据。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，还包括：
    确定得到的所述区块信息是否完整；以及
    响应于得到的所述区块信息不完整，向相邻节点发送请求以获取完整的所述区块信息。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，还包括：
    响应于产生新区块信息，向所述区块组播节点和所述组播区域中不具有接收多播能力的节点发送所述新区块信息。
  10. 一种用于区块链网络的通信方法，包括：
    在所述区块链网络的组播区域中的简易支付验证(SPV)节点处，接收来自所述组播区域中的区块组播节点的区块组播报文，所述区块组播报文包括第一类型和第二类型，所述第一类型的所述区块组播报文至少包括区块信息的区块头部，并且所述第二类型的所述区块组播报文至少包括所述区块信息的区块交易数据；以及
    解析所述第一类型的所述区块组播报文，以获取所述区块信息。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中解析所述第一类型的所述区块组播报文包括：
    基于所述区块组播报文的区块报文头部，确定所述区块组播报文的类型；
    响应于所述区块组播报文为第一类型，提取所述区块组播报文中的所述区块头部；以及
    响应于所述区块组播报文为第二类型，丢弃所述区块组播报文。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，还包括：
    向所述组播区域中的相邻节点通知多播能力信息，所述多播能力信息指示自己是否具有发送多播的能力、接收多播的能力或者发送和接收多播的能力。
  13. 一种区块链网络中的组播设备，包括：
    处理器；
    存储器，耦合至所述处理器并且存储有指令，所述指令在由所述处理器执行时使所述组播设备执行以下动作：
    获得新区块信息；
    对所述新区块信息进行验证；
    响应于经验证的所述新区块信息有效，基于所述区块链网络中的多个区块节点的节点类型和所述新区块信息，生成不同类型的区块组播报文；以及
    向移动宽带网络中的多媒体广播多播(MBMS)节点发送所述不同类型的所述区块组播报文，以使得经由所述移动宽带网络向所述多个区块节点广播所述区块组播报文。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的组播设备，其中所述指令在由所述处理器执行时使所述组播设备还执行以下动作：
    生成区块报文头部，所述区块报文头部至少指示所述区块组播报文的类型以及当前区块的高度；
    基于所述新区块信息的区块头部和所述区块报文头部，生成第一类型的所述区块组播报文；以及
    基于所述新区块信息的区块交易数据和所述区块报文头部，生成第二类型的所述区块组播报文。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的组播设备，其中所述指令在由所述处理器执行时使所述组播设备还执行以下动作：
    将所述区块交易数据分为多个传送源块；
    对所述多个传送源块进行前向纠错编码；以及
    将经编码的所述多个传送源块基于单向传输上的文件传递(FLUTE)协议封装为多个组播报文。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的组播设备，其中所述指令在由所述处理器执行时使所述组播设备还执行以下动作：在广播所述第二类型的所述区块组播报文之前，以预定次数广播所述第一类型的所述区块组播报文。
  17. 根据权利要求13所述的组播设备，其中所述指令在由所述处理器执行时使所述组播设备还执行以下动作：
    在广播所述第二类型的所述区块组播报文期间，以预定次数广播所述第一类型的所述区块组播报文。
  18. 一种区块链网络中的全节点设备，包括：
    处理器；
    存储器，耦合至所述处理器并且存储有指令，所述指令在由所述处理器执行时使所述组播设备执行以下动作：
    接收来自所述组播区域中的区块组播节点的区块组播报文，所述区块组播报文包括第一类型和第二类型，所述第一类型的所述区块组播报文至少包括区块信息的区块头部，并且所述第二类型的所述区块组播报文至少包括所述区块信息的区块交易数据；以及
    解析所述第一类型和所述第二类型的所述区块组播报文，以得到所述区块信息。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的全节点设备，其中所述指令在由所述处理器执行时使所述全节点设备还执行以下动作：
    基于所述区块组播报文的区块报文头部，确定所述区块组播报文的类型；
    响应于所述区块组播报文为第一类型，提取所述区块组播报文中的所述区块头部；以及
    响应于所述区块组播报文为第二类型，提取所述区块组播报文中的所述区块交易数据。
  20. 根据权利要求18所述的全节点设备，其中所述指令在由所述处理器执行时使所述全节点设备还执行以下动作：
    确定得到的所述区块信息是否完整；以及
    响应于得到的所述区块信息不完整，向相邻节点发送请求以获取完整的所述区块信息。
  21. 根据权利要求18所述的全节点设备，其中所述指令在由所述处理器执行时使所述全节点设备还执行以下动作：
    响应于产生新区块信息，向所述区块组播节点和所述组播区域中不具有接收多播能力的节点发送所述新区块信息。
  22. 一种区块链网络中的简易支付验证(SPV)设备，包括：
    处理器；
    存储器，耦合至所述处理器并且存储有指令，所述指令在由所述处理器执行时使所述SPV设备执行以下动作：
    接收来自所述组播区域中的区块组播节点的区块组播报文，所述区块组播报文包括第一类型和第二类型，所述第一类型的所述区块组播报文至少包括区块信息的区块头部，并且所述第二类型的所述区块组播报文至少包括所述区块信息的区块交易数据；以及
    解析所述第一类型的所述区块组播报文，以获取所述区块信息。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的简易支付验证设备，其中所述指令在由所述处理器执行时使所述SPV设备还执行以下动作：
    基于所述区块组播报文的区块报文头部，确定所述区块组播报文的类型；
    响应于所述区块组播报文为第一类型，提取所述区块组播报文中的所述区块头部；以及
    响应于所述区块组播报文为第二类型，丢弃所述区块组播报文。
  24. 根据权利要求22所述的简易支付验证设备，其中所述指令在由所述处理器执行时使所述SPV设备还执行以下动作：
    向所述组播区域中的相邻节点通知多播能力信息，所述多播能力信息指示自己是否具有发送多播的能力、接收多播的能力或者发送和接收多播的能力。
  25. 一种区块链网络，包括根据权利要求13-17中任一项所述的组播设备、根据权利要求18-21中任一项所述的全节点设备以及根据权利要求22-24中任一项所述的简易支付验证设备。
  26. 一种计算机可读存储介质，具有存储在其上的计算机可读程序指令，所述计算机可读程序指令用于执行根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的方法。
  27. 一种计算机可读存储介质，具有存储在其上的计算机可读程序指 令，所述计算机可读程序指令用于执行根据权利要求6-9中任一项所述的方法。
  28. 一种计算机可读存储介质，具有存储在其上的计算机可读程序指令，所述计算机可读程序指令用于执行根据权利要求10-12中任一项所述的方法。
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