WO2018201733A1 - 一种用于水产养殖水体净化的微生态浮床及其使用方法 - Google Patents

一种用于水产养殖水体净化的微生态浮床及其使用方法 Download PDF

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WO2018201733A1
WO2018201733A1 PCT/CN2017/117402 CN2017117402W WO2018201733A1 WO 2018201733 A1 WO2018201733 A1 WO 2018201733A1 CN 2017117402 W CN2017117402 W CN 2017117402W WO 2018201733 A1 WO2018201733 A1 WO 2018201733A1
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micro
floating bed
ecological
ecological floating
aquaculture
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French (fr)
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许明
王良恺
邵孝侯
徐达灵
朱建彬
鲁晓
虞颖蕾
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河海大学
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

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  • the invention relates to the field of agro-ecological environment engineering, in particular to a micro-ecological floating bed for purifying aquaculture water bodies.
  • Aquaculture is developing rapidly in China, but the feed residue and the pollutants formed by fish, shrimp and crab excrement in the aquaculture process make the aquaculture water body increasingly eutrophic, and the surrounding water environment and ecological environment are also becoming more and more Big harm.
  • Microbial remediation is the earliest bioremediation method. Its principle is to use microorganisms to decompose organic matter or other pollutants and release nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus under aerobic or anaerobic conditions.
  • the high-efficiency compound microbial flora can rapidly decompose organic matter in aquaculture water, inhibit the growth and reproduction of harmful microorganisms, activate protozoa and microorganisms with purifying functions in water, and purify water quality.
  • Plant floating bed should be combined with microbial degradation technology, and work together on aquaculture water body to play a role in quickly and effectively purifying water quality.
  • the micro-ecological floating bed technology based on aquatic plants and microorganisms utilizes the absorption and adsorption of microorganisms by plants to make the rich elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus gradually absorbed and degraded, and the water quality is gradually improved to achieve the purpose of purifying water bodies.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a micro-ecological floating bed for aquaculture water purification, which utilizes the synergy between aquatic plants and microorganisms, and is highly efficient. Quickly treat aquaculture wastewater.
  • the invention solves the problem that the traditional ecological floating bed technology is subject to the natural growth speed of the plant and the limited biomass, and the treatment limitation is strong, resulting in poor purification effect, energy saving and environmental protection.
  • a micro-ecological floating bed for aquaculture water purification comprising one or more freely combined micro-ecological floating bed units.
  • the micro-ecological floating bed unit mainly includes: an inflatable floating bed, micro-ecological particles and aquatic plants, and more than one planting hole is evenly arranged on the inflatable floating bed, and the bottom of the planting hole is hollowed out, and the planting material filled in the planting hole is micro-ecological particles and aquatic plants are planted in On micro-ecological particles.
  • the preparation method of the micro-ecological particles is as follows:
  • the bottom sediment of the pond is air-dried and sieved, and then activated with hydrochloric acid, and the activated pond sediment, nano-SiO 2 and zeolite powder, and sodium humate are 10%-40%:15%-20% by mass: 30%-50%: 15%-20% of the mass percentage is evenly mixed;
  • the prepared material ball is naturally dried first, then placed in a refractory container and placed in an electric resistance furnace and slowly heated to 100-150 ° C. After drying for 3 to 4 hours, the moisture in the material ball is fully removed to avoid further heating and sintering. During the process, the water in the ball is too much to crack the ball.
  • the preheating stage is entered. The temperature of the preheating stage is controlled at 200-400 ° C to exclude residual moisture in the ball; finally, it is baked at 800-950 ° C, and after reaching the firing temperature, the resistance is turned off.
  • the furnace power supply naturally cools the ball to room temperature.
  • the floating bag of the inflatable floating bed is made of pvc material, which is formed by injection molding or blow molding process, and added with anti-oxidant. It is durable, easy to transport and disassemble, environmentally friendly and pollution-free, and can be reused many times.
  • the screening and configuration of micro-ecological floating bed aquatic plants are particularly important.
  • the iris is selected as the floating bed plant. After 3 to 6 months of growth, the content of N and P in the leaves of the plant is higher than that of the stem.
  • the water spine can produce economic benefits after harvesting, and the appendix is adaptable even in winter. Can grow well.
  • the present invention uses micro-ecological particles to fix aquatic plants in the planting tray of the inflatable floating bed, and has better stability and impact resistance than single-use plants or microorganisms.
  • the immobilized microbial carrier can not only improve the efficiency of microbial membranes and growth, but also greatly enhance the activity of microbial concentration.
  • the oxygen produced by plant photosynthesis is more effective for microorganisms than aerated oxygenation.
  • the floating bed plants transport oxygen to the plant root zone through the airway, and maintain the oxygen in the root zone of the aquatic plant by hydraulic transmission.
  • the redox state of the root zone of the plant changes, the local microenvironment changes from a reduced state to an oxidized state, and the root zone forms a state in which the aerobic zone and the anoxic zone coexist, which is an aerobic and facultative anaerobic in the micro-ecological particles. And the growth and reproduction of anaerobic microorganisms provide a good living environment.
  • microorganisms in micro-ecological particles can utilize the metabolites of plant roots to decompose organic macromolecules in wastewater, which is beneficial to the absorption and utilization of plants.
  • the aquatic plants on the micro-ecological floating bed will grow for a period of time, absorb the N and P nutrients in the assimilated water, promote the microbial aerobic degradation of organic matter in the water, thereby improving the water quality conditions and achieving synergistic purification of water bodies.
  • the purpose of water quality is to build a healthy aquaculture water environment.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the micro-ecological floating bed of the invention combines the synergistic purification effect of plants and microorganisms, and has the advantages of powerful effects and functions, and can efficiently and quickly treat the aquaculture sewage.
  • the micro-ecological particle-impregnated bacterial liquid is an EM compound liquid containing calcium gluconate, which has complete functions, remarkable effects, strong adaptability, and can also supplement the calcium element lacking in the cultured animals.
  • the micro-ecological particles use pond sediment as the main raw material, and nano-silica, sodium humate and zeolite powder are additives.
  • the bottom sediment of the pond can be used as the main raw material to make waste utilization of the sediment;
  • the nano-scale material has excellent pore structure and large specific surface area, which is beneficial to the adhesion and hanging of the microorganism;
  • the sodium humate has good bonding ability.
  • Water during sintering By evaporation, the biological humic acid can be reduced into a colloid, and finally shrinkage and solidification, and the carrier ball is firmly condensed; the zeolite powder can stabilize the water quality in water.
  • the nanospheres enter the water body, the microorganisms can quickly adapt to the external environment and can regulate the water body.
  • the inflatable floating bed structure is simplified, reusable, easy to transport and disassemble, and avoids the use of a single planting basket.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a micro-ecological floating bed unit; in the figure: 1-joint ring, 2-planting hole;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a plurality of micro-ecological floating bed units linked.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a micro-ecological floating bed unit.
  • the size of the inflatable floating bed is 1.5 m ⁇ 1.5 m, and 9 planting holes 2 of 20 cm ⁇ 20 cm in size are evenly arranged on the top, and the bottom of the planting hole 2 is arranged.
  • aquatic plants are planted in the planting holes with micro-ecological particles as the planting material, and the micro-ecological floating bed provides a good attachment carrier and living environment for the growth of aquatic plants and microorganisms, and the water purification effect is more obvious.
  • the four corners of the micro-ecological floating bed unit are provided with a coupling ring 1, and different numbers of micro-ecological floating bed units can be selected according to the water area to be freely combined and used by the connecting ring 1 to improve the construction efficiency and save the construction cost.
  • micro-ecological floating bed aquatic plants is particularly important.
  • the appendix was selected as the floating bed plant. After 3 to 6 months of growth, the contents of N and P in the leaves of the plant were higher than that of the stem. Among them, the hollow vegetables can be economically profited after harvesting, and the appendix is highly adaptable, and can grow well even in winter.
  • the site of this embodiment is: a representative aquaculture pond with the same breeding conditions is selected in Nanjing Gaochun, and the area of each aquaculture pond is about 5 mu, and a specific comparative experiment is performed.
  • the two ponds were sequentially numbered as ponds No. 1 and No. 2, in which No. 1 pond was used as a control, and a micro-ecological floating bed was not installed; and No. 2 pond was equipped with the 20-unit micro-ecological floating bed of the present invention.
  • the test time is from July 15 to October 14 for 3 months.
  • the water quality samples are taken every 15 days to determine the water quality indicators.
  • the purification effect of the micro-ecological floating bed on the aquaculture wastewater is calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • the micro-ecological floating bed has a good purification effect on aquaculture water bodies, and the water quality is obviously higher than that of aquaculture water bodies without micro-ecological floating beds.
  • the nitrate wastewater (NO 3 - -N) in the water after the aquaculture floating bed is treated by the micro-ecological floating bed,
  • the removal rates of nitrous nitrogen (NO 2 - -N), ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 + -N), total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD Mn ) reached 76.32%, 80.32%, and 50.23%, respectively. 45.56% and 48.13%, respectively, increased by 40.16%, 39.78%, 29.56%, 34.78% and 31.41% compared with the control.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于水产养殖水体净化的微生态浮床及其使用方法，微生态浮床包括一个或者一个以上自由组合的微生态浮床单元。其中微生态浮床单元主要包括：充气浮床、微生态颗粒和水生植物，充气浮床上均匀布置一个以上的种植孔(2)，种植孔(2)底部镂空，种植孔(2)内填充的植料为微生态颗粒、水生植物种植在微生态颗粒上。使用时根据需净化水体的面积选取一个以上的微生态浮床单元通过联结环(1)快速挂钩自由组合，并将组合后微生态浮床用绳索固定在桩柱上，使微生态浮床固定在水面上。该微生态浮床明利用水生植物与微生物之间的协同作用，可以高效、快速的处理水产养殖污水。

Description

一种用于水产养殖水体净化的微生态浮床及其使用方法 技术领域
本发明涉及农业生态环境工程领域，特别是涉及一种用于水产养殖水体净化的微生态浮床。
背景技术
水产养殖在我国发展迅猛，但水产养殖过程中投放的饲料残余和鱼、虾、蟹类排泄物形成的污染物使养殖水体日趋富营养化，对周边水域环境和生态环境也造成了越来越大的危害。
常用的水体生物修复方法有水生植物和微生物修复方法，传统的生态浮床就主要依靠水生植物生长来吸收去除水体中的氮、磷等营养物，但由于植物自然生长速度慢，有限的生物量影响了净化效率。微生物修复是研究最早的生物修复方法，其原理是在有氧或无氧的条件下，利用微生物将有机物或其他污染物进行分解并释放氮、磷等营养盐。高效复合微生物菌群能迅速分解养殖水体中的有机物，抑制有害微生物的生长繁殖，激活水中具有净化功能的原生动物和微生物，起到净化水质的作用。
根据已有研究对植物浮床净化机理的了解，要提高水产养殖水体净化效果，植物浮床应与微生物降解技术等结合，共同作用于水产养殖水体才能起到快速有效净化水质的作用。以水生植物和微生物为主体的微生态浮床技术利用植物吸收和吸附微生物的分解，使氮磷等富营元素逐步被吸收和降解，水质逐步得到好转，达到净化水体的目的。
发明内容
为了解决现有规模化、高密度水产养殖业引发的水污染等问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种用于水产养殖水体净化的微生态浮床，利用水生植物与微生物之间的协同作用，高效、快速的处理水产养殖污水。解决了传统的生态浮床技术受制于植物自然生长的速度和有限的生物量，处理局限性强导致净化效果欠佳的问题，节能环保。
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明采用了以下的技术方案：
一种用于水产养殖水体净化的微生态浮床，包括一个或者一个以上自由组合的微生态浮床单元。
其中微生态浮床单元主要包括：充气浮床、微生态颗粒和水生植物，充气浮床上均匀布置一个以上的种植孔，种植孔底部镂空，种植孔内填充的植料为微生态颗粒、水生植物种植在微生态颗粒上。
在使用时，只需用绳索将微生态浮床系在水中立下的桩柱上，将浮床固定在水面上。
其中，微生态颗粒的制备方法如下：
(1)将池塘底泥风干研磨过筛，然后用盐酸活化，将活化后的池塘底泥、纳米SiO2及沸石粉、腐植酸钠按质量比10％-40％∶15％-20％∶30％-50％∶15％-20％的质量百分比混合均匀；
(2)得到的混合材料加入到经1∶10稀释过的EM原液(EM原液在授权专利 201410306161.3中有所记载)中搅拌，混合料成型的含水率控制10％左右(以在颗粒机筛网上不粘结而又能够成型为准)，然后在滚筒式造粒机上挤压成型，筛分后制得到直径为10～20mm的载体球。
(3)制备好的料球先经自然干燥，然后放于耐火容器中放入电阻炉内并缓慢升温至100-150℃，干燥3至4h充分脱去料球中的水分，以免再升温烧结过程中料球中水分过多而使料球开裂。待料球干燥完成后即进入预热阶段，预热阶段温度控制在200-400℃，以排除料球中的残余水分；最后在800-950℃下焙烧成型，到达烧成温度后，关闭电阻炉电源使料球自然冷却至室温。
(4)将EM原液、糖蜜、葡萄糖酸钙固体和去离子水按3～5％∶2～5％∶2～5％∶85～93％的质量百分比混合，将其放入发酵罐中厌氧发酵3-6天，设置发酵温度为37℃，制得含葡萄糖酸钙的EM复配液。将上述制备的载体球放入含葡萄糖酸钙的EM复配液中共培养3天，取出后常温放置2天，制成用于水产养殖污水净化的微生态颗粒。
其中，充气浮床的浮囊为pvc材质，采用注塑或吹塑工艺制作成型，并添加抗氧化剂，经久耐用、便于运输拆解、环保无污染可多次重复利用。
(4)水生植物的选择
微生态浮床水生植物的筛选与配置显得尤为重要，本发明分别选用鸢尾和空心菜作为栽种植物，栽种比例为鸢尾∶空心菜＝1∶3。选取鸢尾，空心菜作为浮床植物，经过3至6个月的生长，植物体叶中的N、P含量均高于茎，其中空心菜采收后可以创造经济效益，鸢尾适应性强，即使在冬天也能良好生长。
本发明用微生态颗粒将水生植物固定在充气式浮床的种植盘内，稳定性和抗冲击能力优于单一使用植物或微生物。固定化微生物载体不仅能提高微生物挂膜、着生的效率，从而大大提升微生物浓度活性。而且在水生植物跟微生物共生体系中，植物光合作用产生的氧气比曝气充氧更能为微生物有效利用，浮床植物通过气道向植物根区输送氧气，借助水力传输维持水生植物根区氧气，致使植物根区的氧化还原状态发生变化，局部微环境由还原态转变为氧化态，根区形成了有氧区域和缺氧区域共存的状态，为微生态颗粒中的好氧、兼性厌氧和厌氧微生物的生长繁殖提供了良好的生活环境。同时，在净化水质的初期，微生态颗粒中的微生物可以利用植物根系的代谢产物，分解废水中的有机大分子，使之有利于植物的吸收利用。在处理养殖污水的后期，微生态浮床上的水生植物经过一段时间的生长，吸收同化水体中的N、P营养盐，促进微生物好氧降解水体中的有机物，从而改善水质条件，达到协同净化水体水质的目的，构建健康的水产养殖水体生态环境。
技术效果
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点：
(1)本发明的微生态浮床，联合植物与微生物的协同净化效应，其效果强大，功能较多，能高效、快速处理养殖污水。
(2)微生态颗粒浸渍的菌液为含葡萄糖酸钙的EM复配液，其功能齐全，效果显著，适应能力较强，还能补充养殖动物缺乏的钙元素。
(3)微生态颗粒以池塘底泥为主要原料，纳米二氧化硅、腐植酸钠、沸石粉为添加剂。以池塘底泥为主要原料可以使底泥得到废物利用；制得纳米级的材料具有优良的孔隙结构和较大的比表面积，有利于微生物的附着和挂膜；腐植酸钠粘结能力佳，烧结过程中水 分蒸发，生物腐殖酸能缩成胶体，最后收缩固化，将载体球凝结牢固；沸石粉在水中可以稳定水质。当纳米球进入水体后，其中的微生物能够较快的适应外界环境，并能够对水体进行环境调控。
(4)充气式浮床结构简化，可重复利用，便于运输拆解，避免了单个种植篮的使用。
附图说明
图1是微生态浮床单元的结构示意图；图中：1-联结环、2-种植孔；
图2是多个微生态浮床单元链接后的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例具体说明本发明的技术方案：
实施例1
图1是微生态浮床单元的结构示意图，参照图1所示，在该实施例中，充气浮床大小为1.5mX1.5m，上面均匀排布20cmX20cm大小的9个种植孔2，种植孔2的底部为镂空结构，水生植物种植在以微生态颗粒作为植料的种植孔内，微生态浮床为水生植物和微生物的生长提供了良好的附着载体及生存环境，净水效果更加明显。
参照图2所示，微生态浮床单元的四角设置有联结环1，可根据水域面积选用不同数量的微生态浮床单元通过联结环1快速挂钩自由组合使用，提高了施工效率，节省了建造成本。
微生态浮床水生植物的筛选与配置显得尤为重要，本实施例选用鸢尾和空心菜作为栽种植物，栽种比例为鸢尾∶空心菜＝1∶3。选取鸢尾，空心菜作为浮床植物，经过3至6个月的生长，植物体叶中的N、P含量均高于茎。其中空心菜采收后可以创造经济效益，鸢尾适应性强，即使在冬天也能良好生长。
该实施例的场地是：在南京高淳选取养殖条件一致的有代表性的水产养殖池塘，每个养殖塘面积约5亩，做具体比较实验。将2个池塘依次编号为1、2号池塘，其中1号池塘作为对照，不安装微生态浮床；2号池塘安装了本发明的20个单元的微生态浮床。试验时间从7月15至10月14日为3个月，每15天取水样测定各项水质指标，最后计算微生态浮床对水产养殖废水的净化处理效果，结果如表1。
表1微生态浮床对水产养殖废水的净化处理效果对比
Figure PCTCN2017117402-appb-000001
从表1可知，微生态浮床对于水产养殖水体的净化作用良好，水体质量明显高于不用微生态浮床的水产养殖水体，养殖污水经过微生态浮床处理后水中硝氮(NO3 --N)、亚硝氮 (NO2 --N)、氨氮(NH4 +-N)、总磷(T-P)、化学需氧量(CODMn)的去除率最高分别达到76.32％、80.32％、50.23％％、45.56％和48.13％，较对照分别提高40.16％、39.78％、29.56％、34.78％和31.41％。
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种用于水产养殖水体净化的微生态浮床，其特征在于包括一个或者一个以上自由组合的微生态浮床单元；其中微生态浮床单元主要包括：充气浮床、微生态颗粒和水生植物，充气浮床上均匀布置一个以上的种植孔，种植孔底部镂空，种植孔内填充微生态颗粒，水生植物种植在微生态颗粒上。
  2. 权利要求1所述的用于水产养殖水体净化的微生态浮床的使用方法，其特征在于，根据需净化水体的面积选取一个以上的微生态浮床单元通过联结环快速挂钩自由组合，并将组合后微生态浮床用绳索固定在桩柱上，使微生态浮床固定在水面上。
  3. 权利要求1所述的用于水产养殖水体净化的微生态浮床，其特征在于所述的微生态颗粒的制备方法如下：
    (1)将池塘底泥风干研磨过筛，然后用盐酸活化，将活化后的池塘底泥、纳米SiO2及沸石粉、腐植酸钠按质量比10％-40％∶15％-20％∶30％-50％∶15％-20％的质量百分比混合均匀；
    (2)得到的混合材料加入到经1∶10稀释过的EM原液中搅拌，混合料成型的含水率控制在颗粒机筛网上不粘结而又能够成型，然后在滚筒式造粒机上挤压成型，筛分后制得到直径为10～20mm的载体球；
    (3)制备好的料球先经自然干燥，然后放于耐火容器中放入电阻炉内并缓慢升温至干燥温度脱去料球中的水分；待料球干燥完成后即进入预热阶段；最后在800-950℃下焙烧成型，到达烧成温度后，关闭电阻炉电源使料球自然冷却至室温；
    (4)将EM原液、糖蜜、葡萄糖酸钙固体和去离子水按3～5％∶2～5％∶2～5％∶85～93％的质量百分比混合，将其放入发酵罐中厌氧发酵3-6天，设置发酵温度为37℃，制得含葡萄糖酸钙的EM复配液；
    (5)将步骤(3)制备的载体球放入步骤(5)的含葡萄糖酸钙的EM复配液中共培养3天，取出后常温放置2天，制成用于水产养殖污水净化的微生态颗粒。
  4. 权利要求3所述的用于水产养殖水体净化的微生态浮床，其特征在于步骤(3)的干燥温度是100-150℃，干燥时间是3至4h；预热阶段温度控制在200-400℃。
  5. 权利要求1所述的用于水产养殖水体净化的微生态浮床，其特征在于所述的水生植物选用鸢尾和空心菜，栽种植株比例为鸢尾∶空心菜＝1∶3。
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