WO2018201532A1 - 一种具有热回收功能的膜组件 - Google Patents

一种具有热回收功能的膜组件 Download PDF

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WO2018201532A1
WO2018201532A1 PCT/CN2017/085680 CN2017085680W WO2018201532A1 WO 2018201532 A1 WO2018201532 A1 WO 2018201532A1 CN 2017085680 W CN2017085680 W CN 2017085680W WO 2018201532 A1 WO2018201532 A1 WO 2018201532A1
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Prior art keywords
heat pipe
membrane
membrane module
heat
hollow fiber
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PCT/CN2017/085680
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
彭跃莲
李悦
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Beijing University of Technology
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Beijing University of Technology
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Priority to US16/060,019 priority Critical patent/US10507428B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/36—Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
    • B01D61/366—Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/36—Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
    • B01D61/364—Membrane distillation
    • B01D61/3641—Membrane distillation comprising multiple membrane distillation steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/36—Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
    • B01D61/368—Accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/06—Tubular membrane modules
    • B01D63/069—Tubular membrane modules comprising a bundle of tubular membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/08—Flat membrane modules
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
    • F25B15/14—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type using osmosis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W40/00—Arrangements for thermal protection or thermal control
    • H10W40/70—Fillings or auxiliary members in containers or in encapsulations for thermal protection or control
    • H10W40/73—Fillings or auxiliary members in containers or in encapsulations for thermal protection or control for cooling by change of state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/24—Specific pressurizing or depressurizing means
    • B01D2313/246—Energy recovery means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a membrane module with heat recovery function, belonging to the field of membrane separation devices.
  • the prepared heat recovery membrane module can be used in the process of membrane distillation, pervaporation, evaporation and permeation, such as phase change or high temperature permeate, to recover heat of phase change heat or high temperature permeate, belonging to heat recovery technology. field.
  • the two sides of the membrane are cold and hot, respectively.
  • the heat is also vaporized.
  • the hot form is transferred from the hot side to the cold side through the membrane, and some of the heat is transferred to the cold side by heat conduction due to the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides.
  • the heat of the membrane distillation process is caused by both vaporization heat and transmembrane heat conduction.
  • the utilization rate is low and the water production ratio is less than 1.
  • Lu Xiaolong and others inserted a hollow fiber membrane into the corresponding capillary copper tube and invented a new type of double-tube air-gap membrane module with a maximum water production ratio of 6.6 [LIU Z, GAO Q, LU X, et al. On the performance of double-pipe air gap membrane distillation module [J]. Desalination, 2016, 396: 48-56].
  • the heat pipe is a new type of high efficiency heat exchanger, as shown in the figure below. It is a closed metal tube with a non-condensable gas. The inner surface of the tube is covered with a wick made of capillary material, which is empty. The tube is also filled with a certain amount of condensable liquid as the heat intercepting medium (working medium). These working fluids can penetrate into the wick in the action of capillary forces. When the hot end (evaporation end) of the tube is heated, the working fluid in the wick absorbs heat and vaporizes, and the generated working fluid flows to the cold end (condensing end) of the tube, and condenses into a working liquid when it is cold.
  • the heat is then returned to the heated end by boiling under the action of capillary force. This boiling-condensing process is repeated and the heat is continuously transferred from the evaporation end to the condensation end.
  • heat transfer is achieved by a boiling-condensing process. Since the heat transfer coefficients of both phase transitions are large and the resistance loss of the steam flow is small, the temperature of the hot and cold end walls is uniform, and the apparent thermal conductivity of the heat pipe is the best metal heat carrier. Hundreds of times, it is called the hot superconductor.
  • the heat pipe subtly converts the heat transfer between the inner and outer surfaces of the conventional partition wall heat exchanger into the heat transfer of the outer surfaces of the two tubes, so that both the cold and the hot sides can be enhanced by heat transfer by adding fins. Therefore, the heat exchanger made of a heat pipe makes the gas-gas heat transfer process with a small convective heat transfer coefficient on both sides of the cold and heat become particularly effective.
  • the heat pipe is a closed pipe, has no moving parts, is resistant to wear, and requires little maintenance.
  • the dense membrane in the hollow fiber membrane module having the latent heat recovery function is replaced by a heat pipe, and a gas permeable porous hydrophobic membrane is distributed around the heat pipe to form a membrane module having a heat recovery function of the present application.
  • the membrane distillation process is taken as an example, and the working principle is as follows: steam passing through the porous hydrophobic membrane is used as a heating medium to heat the evaporation end of the heat pipe.
  • the cold liquid acts as a cooling medium to cool the condensation end of the heat pipe. In this way, the steam generated by the membrane distillation continuously heats the cold liquid to realize the recovery of the latent heat of steam.
  • the thermal conductivity of the heat pipe is much higher than the thermal conductivity of the general polymer film, the heat recovery efficiency of the novel membrane module coupled with the heat pipe proposed by the present invention will be far superior to the above-mentioned membrane module having the latent heat recovery function.
  • the heat pipe can also be coupled to other various forms of membrane.
  • the present invention provides a structure of a membrane module having a heat recovery function.
  • the heat recovery membrane module has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and flexible assembly, and can meet the needs of different industrial occasions, and effectively improve the heat utilization rate of the membrane process.
  • a membrane module having a heat recovery function wherein the heat recovery membrane module comprises a membrane module body and a heat pipe; the heat pipe is placed in the membrane module body to be heat-recovered or one end of the heat pipe is deep into the membrane module body to be heat-recovered The other end is threaded out of the membrane module body.
  • the membrane module body is a hollow fiber membrane module, a flat membrane membrane module or a tubular membrane module;
  • the heat pipe is composed of a metal shell, a wick or a core mesh and a working medium, and two ends of the metal shell are welded with an end cap;
  • the wick or core mesh is evenly distributed on the inner surface of the metal shell;
  • the working medium is filled into the wick or core mesh of the metal shell, and the wick or core mesh has capillary action.
  • the metal tube of the heat pipe has a circular, rectangular or other shape;
  • the heat pipe is a straight pipe or a bent pipe with a fold;
  • the membrane module body comprises a tubular membrane module, a hollow fiber membrane module, and a flat membrane module. Wait.
  • the membranes correspond to hollow fiber membranes, flat membrane membranes, and tubular membranes, respectively.
  • the single or multiple heat pipes can be placed in parallel, perpendicular or at any angle to the film.
  • the positional relationship between the heat pipe and the hollow fiber membrane module includes one or more of the following ways:
  • the heat pipe is a straight pipe, the heat pipe is axially parallel in the casing of the hollow fiber type component, and the hollow fiber type film is outside, one end of the heat pipe is in the hollow fiber type component body, and the other end is passed through the end surface of the hollow fiber type membrane module body, Extending to the outside; the other end extending to the outside is placed in the heat exchange device;
  • the heat pipe is a straight pipe, the heat pipe is perpendicular to the hollow fiber membrane module, one end of the heat pipe is located inside the casing, outside the hollow fiber membrane, and the other end of the heat pipe passes through the side of the casing of the hollow fiber membrane module body and extends to the outside;
  • the heat pipe adopts a bent bending tube, and one end of the heat pipe is placed in parallel in the casing of the hollow fiber membrane module, and the hollow fiber Outside the membrane, the other end of the heat pipe vertically passes through the side of the casing of the hollow fiber membrane module body and extends to the outside;
  • the positional relationship between the heat pipe and the flat membrane module includes one or more of the following ways:
  • One end of the heat pipe is located in an inner frame composed of two parallel flat membranes, and the other end of the heat pipe protrudes out of the flat membrane module through the non-membrane end surface of the inner membrane frame; the axis of the heat pipe portion in the inner membrane frame and two The flat membranes are parallel, and the axis of the heat pipe portion in the inner membrane frame is parallel to the direction of the liquid flow velocity in the inner membrane frame;
  • the heat pipe length direction of the heat pipe is parallel with the two flat membranes, and the heat length direction of the heat pipe is perpendicular to the direction of the liquid flow velocity in the inner frame body, and the two ends of the heat pipe are respectively Located on the surface of the two flat membranes;
  • the heat pipe length direction is the direction of the shaft of the middle portion of the heat pipe;
  • the heat pipe is one of the straight pipe, the elbow with a right angle, and the elbow with multiple right angles, such as The shape of the elbow with two right angles is or
  • the positional relationship between the heat pipe and the tubular membrane module includes one or more of the following ways:
  • one end of the heat pipe is located inside the tubular membrane cavity, the axis of the heat pipe is parallel to the axis of the tubular membrane, and the other end of the heat pipe is extended from the end of the tubular membrane Out-of-tube membrane;
  • the tubular membrane module is composed of a plurality of matched tubular membranes and heat pipes arranged in parallel in parallel;
  • the heat pipes are axially parallel to the outside of the tubular membrane, and the plurality of tubular membranes are evenly arranged on the outer surface of the heat pipe;
  • the film material is one or more of polymer materials which can be formed into a film, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polysulfone, polystyrene, polydimethylsiloxane, or polyurethane.
  • the metal tube of the heat pipe is made of a metal material such as a stainless steel tube, a copper tube or an aluminum tube.
  • the other end of the heat pipe extending out of the membrane module is placed in any space that facilitates contact with the cold fluid.
  • the liquid working fluid in the pipe absorbs heat to evaporate, and the generated working fluid vapor flows to the other end, and the steam condenses and releases latent heat after being cooled at the condensation end, and the liquid working fluid is produced along the liquid absorbing structure having the capillary structure.
  • the core returns to the evaporation end and absorbs heat again under the action of the return force of the capillary force.
  • the evaporation and condensation of the working medium continuously transfer heat from the hot end to the cold end.
  • heat or cold inside the inner film frame can be more uniformly, quickly, and efficiently transmitted to the film surface.
  • the produced membrane module with heat recovery function has simple structure, low manufacturing cost and good heat recovery effect.
  • the heat pipe is a high-efficiency heat transfer element and has a simple structure, a small volume, and a flexible shape and size.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a heat pipe A-A.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a hollow fiber membrane module having a heat recovery function.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a flat membrane module having a heat recovery function.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a tubular membrane module having a heat recovery function.
  • this is a schematic view of the AA cross-section of the heat pipe 7 .
  • the specific principle of the heat pipe 7 during use is that when the evaporation end 5 of the heat pipe 7 is heated by the heating medium, the liquid working medium 3 in the pipe absorbs heat and evaporates.
  • the generated working fluid vapor flows to the condensation end under the action of the pressure difference, and the steam condenses and releases the latent heat after encountering the cooling medium at the condensation end 6, and the generated liquid working medium 3 returns along the wick 2 under the return force of the capillary force.
  • the evaporation end 5 absorbs heat again and evaporates again, and the cycle is repeated, and the evaporation and condensation of the working medium 3 continuously transfers heat from the hot end to the cold end.
  • FIG. 2 A schematic structural view of a hollow fiber membrane module having a heat recovery function is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the hollow fiber membrane module includes a tubular casing 11 and a hollow fiber membrane 8 axially parallel to the inside of the casing 11.
  • the heat pipe is a straight pipe, and the heat pipe is axially parallel in the casing of the hollow fiber type component and outside the hollow fiber membrane, one end of the heat pipe is in the hollow fiber type component body, and the other end passes through the end surface of the hollow fiber membrane module body and extends to the outside; The other end extending to the outside is placed in the heat exchange device;
  • the heat pipe is a straight pipe, the heat pipe is perpendicular to the hollow fiber membrane module, one end of the heat pipe is located inside the casing and outside the hollow fiber membrane, and the other end of the heat pipe passes through the side of the casing of the hollow fiber membrane module body and extends to the outside;
  • the heat pipe adopts a bent bending tube, one end of the heat pipe is placed in parallel in the casing of the hollow fiber membrane module, and the hollow fiber membrane is outside, and the other end of the heat pipe vertically passes through the side surface of the casing of the hollow fiber membrane module body and extends to the outside.
  • the schematic diagram of the structure of the flat membrane module with heat recovery function is shown in Fig. 3.
  • the flat membrane unit comprises a membrane frame, and the two flat membranes are placed in parallel in the membrane frame and sealed by the membrane frame, and the liquid is between the two membranes. Flow; the other side of the membrane flows through the permeate (or gas). Two or more sets of such membrane units constitute a flat membrane module.
  • one end of the heat pipe is located in the middle of the parallel two flat membranes, and the other end of the heat pipe extends out of the flat membrane module through the non-membrane end surface of the membrane frame;
  • the axis of the heat pipe portion in the membrane frame is parallel to the two flat membranes, and the membrane frame is inside
  • the axis of the heat pipe portion is parallel to the direction of the liquid flow velocity in the inner membrane frame;
  • the heat pipe is completely located in the membrane frame composed of two flat membranes, the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe is parallel with the two flat membranes, and the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe is perpendicular to the direction of the liquid flow velocity in the frame body, and the two ends of the heat pipe are respectively located on the two flat membranes.
  • the length of the heat pipe is the direction of the shaft of the middle portion of the heat pipe;
  • the heat pipe is one of a straight pipe, a pipe with a right angle, and a pipe with multiple right angles, such as a bend with two right angles Tube shape is or
  • FIG. 1 A schematic structural view of a tubular membrane module having a heat recovery function is shown in FIG. 1
  • tubular membrane module is composed of a plurality of matched tubular membranes and heat pipes arranged in parallel in parallel;
  • the heat pipes are axially parallel to the outside of the tubular membrane, and the plurality of tubular membranes are evenly arranged on the outer surface of the heat pipe.
  • the vapor or high-temperature permeate passing through the membrane serves as a heating medium to heat the evaporation end of the heat pipe; the cold liquid or other low-temperature fluid serves as a cooling medium to cool the condensation end of the heat pipe.
  • the vapor or high-temperature permeate passing through the membrane continuously heats the cold liquid or other low-temperature fluid, and the heat is efficiently recovered under the condition that the cold and hot fluids are not in direct contact.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

一种具有热回收功能的膜组件，属于热回收技术领域。其热回收膜组件包括膜组件本体和热管（7）；热管（7）置于膜组件本体中待热回收部位；或热管（7）一端深入到膜组件本体待热回收部位，另一端穿出膜组件本体；热管（7）由金属管壳（1）、吸液芯（2）或芯网和工质（3）组成，金属管壳（1）的两端焊有端盖（4）；吸液芯（2）或芯网均匀分布在金属管壳（1）的内表面；工质（3）填充到金属管壳（1）的吸液芯（2）或芯网内，吸液芯（2）或芯网具有毛细作用。该膜组件结构简单，制造成本低，具有良好的热回收效果。

Description

一种具有热回收功能的膜组件 技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有热回收功能的膜组件，属于膜分离装置领域。制成的热回收膜组件可以用在膜蒸馏、渗透汽化、蒸发渗透等有相变的或有高温透过液的膜过程中，回收相变热或高温透过液的热量，属于热回收技术领域。
背景技术
有相变的膜过程，如膜蒸馏(Membrane Distillation，MD)过程中，膜两侧分别是冷、热两种流体，在热侧的低沸点物质汽化扩散通过膜孔的同时，热量也以汽化热的形式从热侧通过膜传递到冷侧，还有部分热量则由于冷热侧存在温差而以热传导的方式传递到冷侧，汽化热和跨膜导热两方面的原因导致膜蒸馏过程的热利用率低，造水比小于1。在膜组件外部增加换热器以回收汽化潜热是最通用的做法，如：【LEE H Y,HE F,SONG L M,et al.Desalination with a cascade of cross-flow hollow fiber membrane distillation devices integrated with a heat exchanger[J].AICHE Journal,2011,54(7):1780-1795】，并采用多效操作的模式，如：【吕双江,高启君,武春瑞等.减压分级式多效膜蒸馏过程的研究,天津工业大学学报,2013,32(2):1-6】。但设置外部换热器增加了设备投资，使得系统复杂化，造水比提高得也不是很多。
开发具有热回收功能的膜组件，在膜组件内部实现潜热回收能使系统简化，造水比也更高。如1971年Henderyckx申请了气隙式平板膜组件用于潜热回收的专利【US Patent3563860】，在板框式的膜组件中，冷凝板、空气隙和疏水多孔膜构成“三明治”的形式，海水在流过冷凝板上侧时被透过空气隙的蒸汽预热，预热的海水经进一步加热，返回组件进入膜侧从而实现料液的蒸馏浓缩。1985年Gore等发明了气隙式卷式组件回收潜热，造水比高达11.0【美国专利US 4545862】。与平板和卷式膜组件相比，中空纤维膜组件由于膜的装填密度大而受到人们的重视。1999年，Guijt等给出了具有潜热回收功能的气隙式中空纤维膜组件的原理图(图1)，膜组件内装填了两种膜丝，即透气的中空纤维多孔疏水膜和具有冷凝作用的致密、不透气液的中空纤维膜，两种膜丝平行排列并被空气隙隔开【GUIJT C M,RACZ I G,HEUVENJW V,et al.[J].Desalination,1999,126:119-125】。2004年，Hanemaaijer等对由多个错流的气隙式中空纤维膜组件串联起来的潜热回收系统进行了研究并申请了专利【美国专利US 6716355B1】，两种中空纤维之间的夹角在10°-170°之间变动。2005年，Guijt等又对具有潜热内部回收的AGMD膜组件进行了研究，此次采用的是圆柱形的膜组件，一根疏水中空纤维膜被置于环形不能透过溶液和蒸气的管纤维中间，两种纤维的圆心重合，从而使膜组件具有固定厚度的空气隙，在实验过程发现其热量回收率能达到理想状态下的95％-98％【GUIJT C M,MEINDERSMA G W,Reith T,et al.Air gap membrane distillation 2.Model validation and  hollow fiber module performance analysis[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2005,43(3):245-255】。2006年，Meindersmaa等发明了具有热回收的多效平板膜组件，称为
Figure PCTCN2017085680-appb-000001
系统，其造水比在9-20之间【MEINDERSMAA G W,GUIJT C M,DE HAAN A B.Desalination and water recycling by air gap membrane distillation[J].Desalination,2006,187(1-3):291-301】。2013年，秦英杰等利用自制的具有高效内部热量回收功能的多效膜蒸馏组件，对不同浓度的氯化钠水溶液进行浓缩研究，实验结果表明其造水比为最大可达12.5【YAO K,QIN Y,YUAN Y.A continuous-effect membrane distillation process based on hollow fiber AGMD module with internal latent-heat recovery[J].AICHE Journal,2013,59:1278-1297】。同年，Geng等设计了一种用于浓缩高浓度盐水的膜蒸馏器，主要由中空纤维膜和中空纤维管相间排列平行组成，相邻的中空纤维膜与中空管之间设置有隔网，有效的提高了膜蒸馏过程中的热效率，可达90％以上【CN203155102U】，2014年，在用此发明进行实验时其造水比达6.44【GENG H,HE Q,WU H,et al.Experimental study of hollow fiber AGMD modules with energy recovery for high saline water desalination[J].Desalination,2014,344:55-63】。2015年，李卜义等开发了一种添加隔热管状隔网并呈螺旋缠绕结构编排的中空纤维膜组件，将中空纤维膜与若干中空纤维冷凝管呈立体交错缠绕编排，增加了流体扰动度、跨膜传质、传热系数，从而削弱浓度和温度极化效应的影响，并对空气隙式膜蒸馏海水淡化过程进行性能研究，结果表明其热效率高达94.3％，造水比为5.73【李卜义,王建友,王济虎等.新型中空纤维空气隙式膜蒸馏用于海水淡化,化工学报,2015,66(1):149-156】。2016年，吕晓龙等将中空纤维膜插入相应的毛细铜管中，发明了一种新型双管气隙式膜组件，最大造水比为6.6【LIU Z,GAO Q,LU X,et al.Study on the performance of double-pipe air gap membrane distillation module[J].Desalination,2016,396:48-56】。
热管是一种新型、高效的换热器，如下图所示。它是一根抽去不凝性气体的密闭金属管，管子的内表面覆盖一层由毛细结构材料做成的吸液芯，其中间是空的。管内还装有一定量的可凝液体作为截热介质(工质)。在毛细管力的作用，这些工质液体可渗透到吸液芯中去。当管子的热端(蒸发端)被加热时，吸液芯中的工质液体吸收热量而汽化，产生的工质蒸汽流向管子的冷端(冷凝端)，遇冷则冷凝成工质液体放出热量，而后工质液体在毛细管力的作用下回流至加热端再次沸腾。这个沸腾-冷凝过程反复循环，热量不断地由蒸发端传至冷凝端。在热管内部，热量的传递是通过沸腾-冷凝过程实现的。由于两种相变的传热系数都很大，且蒸汽流动的阻力损失很小，因此热端和冷端的管壁温度都很均匀，热管的表观热导率是最优良金属载热体的数百倍，有热超导体之称。热管把传统的间壁式换热器内、外表面间的传热巧妙地转化为两管外表面的传热，使冷、热两侧皆可采用加装翅片的方法进行强化传热。因此，用热管制成的换热器，使冷、热两侧对流传热系数都很小的气-气传热过程变得特别有效。此外，热管是封闭性的管子，没有活动的零件，耐磨损，基本不需要维护。热管的这些优点， 几乎可使它取代所有的热传导装置。今年来，热管换热器广泛用于回收锅炉排烟中的废热以预热燃烧所需的空气，取得很好的节能效果。
用热管取代上述具有潜热回收功能的中空纤维膜组件中的致密膜，热管周围分布的是透气的多孔疏水膜，形成本申请的具有热回收功能的膜组件。当这种膜组件用于有相变的或有高温透过液的膜过程时，以膜蒸馏过程为例，其工作原理如下：透过多孔疏水膜的蒸汽作为加热介质，加热热管的蒸发端；冷料液作为冷却介质，冷却热管的冷凝端。这样，膜蒸馏产生的蒸汽不断加热冷料液，实现了蒸汽潜热的回收。由于热管的热导率远高于一般高分子膜的热导率，本发明提出的耦合了热管的新型膜组件的热量回收效率将远胜于上述具有潜热回收功能的膜组件。
如果要回收透过膜的高温透过液的热量，则高温透过液作为加热介质，冷料液或其它冷流体均可作为冷却介质。除可以与中空纤维膜耦合外，热管还可以与其它各种形式的膜耦合。
发明内容
本发明提供一种具有热回收功能的膜组件的结构。热回收膜组件结构简单、操作方便、组装灵活，可以满足不同工业场合的需要，有效提高膜过程的热利用率。
一种具有热回收功能的膜组件，其特征在于：所述热回收膜组件包括膜组件本体和热管；热管置于膜组件本体中待热回收部位或热管一端深入到膜组件本体待热回收部位，另一端穿出膜组件本体。
所述膜组件本体为中空纤维膜组件、平板膜组件或管式膜组件；所述热管由金属管壳、吸液芯或芯网和工质组成，金属管壳的两端焊有端盖；吸液芯或芯网均匀分布在金属管壳的内表面；工质填充到金属管壳的吸液芯或芯网内，吸液芯或芯网具有毛细作用。热管的金属管壳截面为圆形、长方形或其它形状的；热管为直管或带有折的弯曲管；所述的膜组件本体包括管式膜组件、中空纤维式膜组件、平板式膜组件等。所述膜分别对应中空纤维式膜、平板式膜以及管式膜。
所述单根或多根热管的放置方式可以与膜平行、垂直或者任意角度摆放。
进一步优选，对于中空纤维式膜组件本体，热管和中空纤维式膜组件的位置关系包括如下几种方式中的一种或几种：
(1)或热管为直管，热管轴向平行位于中空纤维式组件的壳体内、中空纤维式膜外，热管一端在中空纤维式组件本体内，另一端穿过中空纤维式膜组件本体端面，伸向外部；伸向外部的另一端置于进行热交换装置中；
(2)或者热管为直管，热管垂直于中空纤维式膜组件，热管一端位于壳体内、中空纤维式膜外，热管另一端穿过中空纤维式膜组件本体的壳体侧面，伸向外部；
(3)或热管采用折形弯曲管，热管一端平行置于中空纤维式膜组件的壳体内、中空纤维 式膜外，热管的另一端垂直穿过中空纤维式膜组件本体的壳体侧面，伸向外部；
上述的垂直、平行均指轴的平行；
进一步优选，对于平板式膜组件，热管和平板式膜组件的位置关系包括如下几种方式中的一种或几种：
(1)或热管一端位于平行的两平板式膜组成的内部框体内，热管另一端通过内部膜框体的非膜端面伸出平板式膜组件外；内部膜框体内的热管部分的轴与两平板式膜平行，且内部膜框体内的热管部分的轴与内部膜框体内所走液体流速方向平行；
(2)或热管完全位于两平板式膜组成的内部膜框体内，热管长度方向与两平板式膜平行，且热管热长度方向与内部框体内所走液体流速方向垂直，热管的两端部分别位于两平板式膜的表面；热管热长度方向为热管中间部分轴的方向；热管为直管、带有一个直角的弯管、带有多个直角的弯管中的一种或几种，如带有两个直角的弯管形状为
Figure PCTCN2017085680-appb-000002
或
Figure PCTCN2017085680-appb-000003
进一步优选，对于管式膜组件，热管和管式膜组件的位置关系包括如下几种方式中的一种或几种：
(1)或管式膜组件中的每一个管式膜，热管的一端位于管式膜空腔内部，热管的轴与管式膜的轴平行，热管的另一端从管式膜的端部伸出管式膜外；管式膜组件由多个配套的管式膜和热管轴向平行排列组合而成；
(2)或对于管式膜组件，热管轴向平行的位于管式膜外侧，多个管式膜均匀紧贴地排布在热管的外表面；
所述膜材质为聚四氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚砜、聚苯乙烯、聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚氨酯等可以成膜的聚合物材料中的一种或几种。
所述热管的金属管壳为不锈钢管、铜管或者铝管等金属材质。
将单根或多根圆形、方形或其它形状的热管一端放入膜组件内，与膜面接近，另一端置于膜组件外，并用胶或机械固定的方式将热管与膜组件连接并密封；伸出膜组件的热管另一端置于便于与冷流体接触的任意空间。所述热管的蒸发端受热时，管内的液态工质吸收热量蒸发，产生的工质蒸汽流向另一端，蒸汽在冷凝端遇冷后凝结放出潜热，产生的液态工质沿具有毛细结构的吸液芯在毛细管力的回流动力作用下又返回蒸发端再次吸热蒸发，如此反复循环，工质的蒸发和冷凝便把热量不断地从热端传递到冷端。或如在平板式膜组件中，热管位于内部膜框体内部时，能使得内部膜框体内部的热或冷更均匀、迅速的、高效地传达到膜面。
本发明的优点如下：
1.制成的具有热回收功能的膜组件，结构简单，制造成本低，具有良好的热回收效果。
2.将热管的一端放入膜壳中，一方面可以充分利用膜分离过程中的潜热或透过液的潜热， 提高膜分离过程的热效率，另一方面，大大加强了流体流动时的扰动，增大了传热速率。
3.适用于不同尺寸的中空纤维膜、管式膜、平板膜组件。
4.所述热管是高效的传热元件且结构简单，体积小，形状及尺寸可灵活多变。
附图说明
图1为热管A-A的剖面图。
图2为具有热回收功能的中空纤维膜组件的结构示意图。
(a)折形弯曲热管，一端平行于膜丝
(b)直管热管，热管平行于膜丝
(c)直管热管，热管垂直于膜丝
图3为具有热回收功能的平板膜组件的结构示意图。
(a)直管热管平行于料液流动方向立体图
(b)直管热管平行于料液流动方向剖面图
(c)直管热管垂直于料液流动方向立体图
(d)直管热管垂直于料液流动方向剖面图
(e)一折弯曲热管垂直于料液流动方向剖面图
(f)两折弯曲热管垂直于料液流动方向剖面图
图4为具有热回收功能的管式膜组件的结构示意图。
(a)单根管热管在管式膜内的管式膜组件
(b)热管在管式膜内的管束式管式膜组件
(c)热管在管式膜内的管束式管式膜组件断面示意图
(d)热管在管式膜外的管束式管式膜组件
(e)热管在管式膜外断面示意图
1金属管壳；2吸液芯；3工质；4端盖；5蒸发端；6冷凝端、7热管、8中空纤维式膜、9平板膜、10管式膜、11壳体、12内部膜框架、13外部框架。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明，但本发明并不限于以下实施例。图1—图4对本发明作进一步详细的说明。以下描述是对本发明的解释，不是对本发明的限定。
如图1所示，这是所述热管7的A-A剖面结构示意图，热管7在使用过程中的具体原理是：热管7的蒸发端5被加热介质加热时，管内的液态工质3吸收热量蒸发，产生的工质蒸汽在压差的作用下流向冷凝端，蒸汽在冷凝端6遭遇冷却介质后凝结放出潜热，产生的液态工质3沿吸液芯2在毛细管力的回流动力作用下又返回蒸发端5再次吸热蒸发，如此反复循环，工质3的蒸发和冷凝便把热量不断地从热端传递到冷端。
实施例1
具有热回收功能的中空纤维式膜组件的结构示意图如图2，中空纤维式膜组件包括管状壳体11，轴向平行位于壳体11内部的中空纤维式膜8。
热管为直管，热管轴向平行位于中空纤维式组件的壳体内、中空纤维式膜外，热管一端在中空纤维式组件本体内，另一端穿过中空纤维式膜组件本体端面，伸向外部；伸向外部的另一端置于进行热交换装置中；
或者热管为直管，热管垂直于中空纤维式膜组件，热管一端位于壳体内、中空纤维式膜外，热管另一端穿过中空纤维式膜组件本体的壳体侧面，伸向外部；
或热管采用折形弯曲管，热管一端平行置于中空纤维式膜组件的壳体内、中空纤维式膜外，热管的另一端垂直穿过中空纤维式膜组件本体的壳体侧面，伸向外部。
实施例2
具有热回收功能的平板式膜组件的结构示意图见图3，平板式膜单元包括膜框体，两张平板式膜平行置于膜框体内并被膜框体夹紧密封，料液在两膜间流动；膜的另一侧流动的是透过液(或气)。两组或多组这样的膜单元组成一个平板式膜组件。
或热管一端位于平行的两平板式膜中间，热管另一端通过膜框体的非膜端面伸出平板式膜组件外；膜框体内的热管部分的轴与两平板式膜平行，且膜框体内的热管部分的轴与内部膜框体内所走液体流速方向平行；
或热管完全位于两平板式膜组成的膜框体内，热管长度方向与两平板式膜平行，且热管长度方向与框体内所走液体流速方向垂直，热管的两端部分别位于两平板式膜的表面；热管长度方向为热管中间部分轴的方向；热管为直管、带有一个直角的弯管、带有多个直角的弯管中的一种或几种，如带有两个直角的弯管形状为
Figure PCTCN2017085680-appb-000004
或
Figure PCTCN2017085680-appb-000005
实施例3
具有热回收功能的管式膜组件的结构示意图见图4。
或管式膜组件中的每一个管式膜，热管的一端位于管式膜空腔内部，热管的轴与管式膜的轴平行，热管的另一端从管式膜的端部伸出管式膜外；管式膜组件由多个配套的管式膜和热管轴向平行排列组合而成；
或对于管式膜组件，热管轴向平行的位于管式膜外侧，多个管式膜均匀地排布在热管的外表面。
如图2—图4所示，透过膜的蒸汽或高温透过液作为加热介质，加热热管的蒸发端；冷料液或其它低温流体作为冷却介质，冷却热管的冷凝端。这样，透过膜的蒸汽或高温透过液不断加热冷料液或其它低温流体，在冷、热流体不直接接触的条件下，实现了热量的高效回收。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种具有热回收功能的膜组件，其特征在于，所述热回收膜组件包括膜组件本体和热管；热管置于膜组件本体中待热回收部位；或热管一端深入到膜组件本体待热回收部位，另一端穿出膜组件本体；所述热管由金属管壳、吸液芯或芯网和工质组成，金属管壳的两端焊有端盖；吸液芯或芯网均匀分布在金属管壳的内表面；工质填充到金属管壳的吸液芯或芯网内，吸液芯或芯网具有毛细作用。
  2. 按照权利要求1所述的一种具有热回收功能的膜组件，其特征在于，所述膜组件本体为中空纤维膜组件、平板膜组件或管式膜组件；所述膜分别对应中空纤维式膜、平板式膜以及管式膜。
  3. 按照权利要求2所述的一种具有热回收功能的膜组件，其特征在于，
    对于中空纤维式膜组件本体，热管和中空纤维式膜组件的位置关系包括如下几种方式中的一种或几种：
    (1)或热管为直管，热管轴向平行位于中空纤维式组件的壳体内、中空纤维式膜外，热管一端在中空纤维式组件本体内，另一端穿过中空纤维式膜组件本体端面，伸向外部；伸向外部的另一端置于进行热交换装置中；
    (2)或者热管为直管，热管垂直于中空纤维式膜组件，热管一端位于壳体内、中空纤维式膜外，热管另一端穿过中空纤维式膜组件本体的壳体侧面，伸向外部；
    (3)或热管采用折形弯曲管，热管一端平行置于中空纤维式膜组件的壳体内、中空纤维式膜外，热管的另一端垂直穿过中空纤维式膜组件本体的壳体侧面，伸向外部；
    上述的垂直、平行均指轴向；
    对于平板式膜组件，热管和平板式膜组件的位置关系包括如下几种方式中的一种或几种：
    (1)或热管一端位于平行的两平板式膜组成的框体内，热管另一端通过膜框体的非膜端面伸出平板式膜组件外；膜框体内的热管部分的轴与两平板式膜平行，且膜框体内的热管部分的轴与膜框体内所走液体流速方向平行；
    (2)或热管完全位于两平板式膜组成的膜框体内，热管长度方向与两平板式膜平行，且热管热长度方向与框体内所走液体流速方向垂直，热管的两端部分别位于两平板式膜的表面；热管热长度方向为热管中间部分轴的方向；热管为直管、带有一个直角的弯管、带有多个直角的弯管中的一种或几种；
    对于管式膜组件，热管和管式膜组件的位置关系包括如下几种方式中的一种或几种：
    (1)或管式膜组件中的每一个管式膜，热管的一端位于管式膜空腔内部，热管的轴与管式膜的轴平行，热管的另一端从管式膜的端部伸出管式膜外；管式膜组件由多个配套的管式膜和热管轴向平行排列组合而成；
    (2)或对于管式膜组件，热管轴向平行的位于管式膜外侧，多个管式膜排布在热管的外 侧。
  4. 按照权利要求3所述的具有热回收功能的膜组件，其特征在于，带有多个直角的弯管形状为
    Figure PCTCN2017085680-appb-100001
    或
    Figure PCTCN2017085680-appb-100002
  5. 按照权利要求1-4任一项所述的具有热回收功能的膜组件，其特征在于，膜材质为聚四氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚砜、聚苯乙烯、聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚氨酯中的一种或几种。
  6. 按照权利要求1-4任一项所述的具有热回收功能的膜组件，其特征在于，热管的金属管壳为不锈钢管、铜管或者铝管。
PCT/CN2017/085680 2017-05-03 2017-05-24 一种具有热回收功能的膜组件 Ceased WO2018201532A1 (zh)

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