WO2018201301A1 - 全息波导显示系统 - Google Patents
全息波导显示系统 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018201301A1 WO2018201301A1 PCT/CN2017/082774 CN2017082774W WO2018201301A1 WO 2018201301 A1 WO2018201301 A1 WO 2018201301A1 CN 2017082774 W CN2017082774 W CN 2017082774W WO 2018201301 A1 WO2018201301 A1 WO 2018201301A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B27/0103—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising holographic elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/32—Holograms used as optical elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of holographic waveguide display technology, and in particular to a holographic waveguide display system.
- Current holographic waveguide display systems are comprised of slab waveguides and holographic elements, including incident holographic gratings and exit holographic gratings.
- the slab waveguide is used as an optical transmission medium
- the hologram element is used as an optical path folding device to transmit an image output from the microdisplay to the human eye. Configuring the holographic waveguide display system in the head-mounted display can reduce the overall weight and volume of the head-mounted display, so that the head-mounted display can more satisfy the user's needs.
- the image output by the microdisplay is transmitted in the waveguide in the form of parallel rays, and the light is transmitted in the waveguide according to the transmission period, and the emitted holographic grating diffracts the transmitted light to transmit the light through the waveguide to form a spot.
- This spot can enter the human eye.
- microdisplays provide different fields of view to enable the human eye to view a wider viewing angle of the image.
- Light from different fields of view has different transmission periods in the waveguide.
- the transmission period of some fields of view light in the waveguide is greater than the length of the incident holographic grating.
- the light spots scattered by the exiting holographic grating are generally smaller than the transmission of these rays. Cycle, which causes the spot of the output of the adjacent transmission cycle to be discontinuous, resulting in discontinuity of the image observed by the human eye.
- Embodiments of the present invention disclose a holographic waveguide display system capable of outputting a continuous spot in adjacent transmission periods.
- an embodiment of the present invention discloses a holographic waveguide display system, including:
- the slab waveguide includes a waveguide substrate and at least one light semi-transmissive film embedded in a transmission region of the waveguide substrate, and a horizontal surface of one side of the waveguide substrate is bonded to the incident holographic grating and the exit holographic grating.
- the bonding area of the incident holographic grating corresponds to an incident area of the waveguide substrate, and the bonding area of the exiting holographic grating corresponds to an exit area of the waveguide substrate;
- field of view light passes through the incident holographic grating, the slab waveguide, and the exit holographic grating An output spot is formed, the output spot entering the human eye, the at least one light semi-permeable film being adapted to change a direction of transmission of at least a portion of the field of view light in a transmission region of the waveguide substrate.
- an embodiment of the present invention discloses a head mounted display device, including the holographic waveguide display system and the microdisplay of the first aspect.
- the solution provided by the present application is to embed at least one light semi-transmissive film in the transmission region of the waveguide substrate of the slab waveguide, the at least one light semi-transmissive film capable of changing the transmission direction of a part of the incident field of view light in the transmission region, so as to make the transmission period
- a beam larger than the length of the incident holographic grating can be formed into a continuous spot after being diffracted by the exit holographic grating. Further, the user can observe the complete image.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a holographic waveguide display system according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a light transmission path when two light semi-transmissive films are embedded in a waveguide substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a mapping relationship between a diffraction efficiency and a spot position according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- references to "an embodiment” herein mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments can be included in at least one embodiment of the invention.
- the appearances of the phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiments, and are not exclusive or alternative embodiments that are mutually exclusive. Those skilled in the art will understand and implicitly understand that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of an optical component of a holographic waveguide display system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the holographic waveguide display system includes an incident holographic grating 1, an exit holographic grating 2, and a slab waveguide 3.
- the slab waveguide includes a waveguide substrate 32 and a light semi-transmissive film 31 embedded in the waveguide substrate.
- the waveguide substrate 32 of the slab waveguide can be divided into three regions according to functions, namely an incident region 321, a transmission region 322, and an exit region 323.
- the embodiment of the present application defines that the direction of the x-axis shown in FIG. 1 is the horizontal direction, and the direction of the y-axis is the vertical direction.
- the waveguide substrate 32 has an incident hologram grating 1 attached to the horizontal surface of the incident region 321, and the waveguide substrate 32 has an exit hologram grating 2 attached to the horizontal surface of the exit region 323.
- the light semipermeable membrane 31 is embedded in the transmission region of the waveguide substrate 32.
- the light beam passes through the semi-transmissive film, a part of the light beam will be reflected, and a part of the light beam will be projected.
- the light beam passes through the light semi-permeable film, 50% of the light beam is emitted, and 50% of the light beam is projected, which is not specifically limited. It should be noted that the light semi-permeable membrane 31 can realize the reflection of the incident light beam.
- Fig. 1 exemplarily shows a manner of embedding a light semipermeable membrane.
- the light semipermeable membrane is placed horizontally, and the length of the light semipermeable membrane is the height of the transfer zone. 1 shows that two light semipermeable membranes 31 are embedded in the waveguide substrate 32, and the two light semipermeable membranes 31 are uniformly and uniformly embedded in the transmission region of the waveguide substrate 32, that is, between the two light semipermeable membranes 31.
- the distance is equal to the distance between the two light semipermeable membranes and the horizontal surface of the waveguide substrate 32 which is adjacent to each other, that is, the height of one light semipermeable membrane is one third of the height of the waveguide substrate, and the other light is semipermeable.
- the height of the film is two-thirds the height of the waveguide substrate.
- the manner in which the light semipermeable membrane is embedded may be otherwise, and is not specifically limited herein.
- a light semipermeable membrane may be embedded in the transmission area of the waveguide substrate 32, or more than two Light semipermeable membrane. If a light semi-permeable membrane is embedded in the transmission area, the light semi-permeable membrane is horizontally embedded in the transmission area, and the height of the light semi-permeable membrane is arbitrary. One implementation is that the height of the light semi-permeable membrane is half of the height of the waveguide substrate. That is, the light semipermeable membrane is disposed in the middle of the transmission area of the waveguide substrate.
- the manner of embedding the semipermeable membrane may be other modes, which are not limited herein.
- the spot output through the slab waveguide and the exit holographic grating can be made more uniform.
- the embedding mode when the two photo-transparent films are disposed may be referred to, and is not specifically limited herein.
- a light absorbing material may be coated on the vertical surface of the waveguide substrate to eliminate stray light and improve the quality of the output spot.
- Wi represents the length of the incident holographic grating
- L represents the length of the exit holographic grating
- S represents the length of the transmission region
- T represents the transmission period of a field of view light in the slab waveguide.
- the length of the transmission period T of the window light is greater than the length Wi of the incident holographic grating. If the light semi-transmissive film is not embedded in the waveguide substrate, the field of view light can only output part of the field of view light through the exiting holographic grating in one transmission period. As shown in FIG.
- W' represents the length of the single-order diffraction spot of the field-of-view light of the transmission period T passing through the exit holographic grating when the light semi-transmissive film is not embedded in the waveguide substrate, and W' is less than T, and the transmission is performed.
- a portion of the field of view light cannot be diffracted out of the waveguide substrate through the exit holographic grating, resulting in a dull region between the transmission period and the next transmission period, that is, the length of the diffracted spot W' is smaller than the length of the incident window light. It will cause the spot of the adjacent period to be discontinuous.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a light transmission path when two light semi-transmissive films are embedded in a waveguide substrate, and the light beam is totally reflected on a part of the light semi-transmissive film, and the partially reflected light can reach the above-mentioned no-light region, and then pass through
- the diffraction of the holographic grating forms a spot in the no-light region, so that the spot of the adjacent period can be made continuous, as shown in FIG. 2, where W represents the field-of-light light having a transmission period T when the light-transmissive film is embedded in the waveguide substrate.
- the output single-order diffraction spot length W is equal to 15 mm, and can pass through.
- the holographic grating outputs a three-dimensional diffraction spot.
- the single-diffraction spot length W can be divided into a plurality of unit sub-spots, wherein the intensity of the adjacent unit sub-spots may be the same or different, and it is assumed that the output single-sub-diffraction spot length W is equal to 15 mm. Therefore, we set the length of the unit sub-spot to 2.5 mm, wherein the light intensity of different unit sub-spots can be represented by the gradation shown in Fig. 2, in the spot shown in Fig.
- the number of light semipermeable membranes in the system is different, and the grating structure of the corresponding exit holographic grating is different. Specifically, the position of the exiting holographic grating passing through the field light is different, and the corresponding diffraction efficiency is different, thereby achieving the effect of uniform light intensity of the output.
- the exiting holographic grating is based on the length of the unit sub-spot included in the single-diffracted output spot to determine the diffraction efficiency, that is, the diffraction efficiency of the light passing through the length of one unit sub-spot of the exiting holographic grating is the same.
- a method for determining the grating structure of the emergent holographic grating provided by the present application that satisfies the uniform distribution of the intensity of the output spot is exemplified.
- the light intensity distribution of the output spot formed by diffraction of the conventional exiting holographic grating is not uniform, for example, if a single light semi-transmissive film is embedded, the uniformity of the output field of any field of view light is obtained.
- the minimum is 50%; if two light semi-transmissive films are embedded, the uniformity of the output spot of any field of view light is at least 66.7%.
- the light intensity distribution of the output spot when the light passes through the conventional exiting holographic grating is obtained.
- the light intensity distribution of the single-diffracted output spot can be as shown in FIG. 2, of course, other numbers of light and half are disposed in the system.
- the film is permeable, the light intensity distribution of the output spot when the light passes through the conventional exit holographic grating can also be obtained.
- the diffraction order is determined, thereby determining the diffraction efficiency of the output spot of each diffraction, and based on each diffraction
- the output efficiency of the output spot is used to set the grating structure of the exit holographic grating.
- the length of the single-diffraction output spot is related to the transmission period of the field-of-view light in the slab waveguide, for example, if two light semi-transmissive films are embedded in the waveguide substrate, and the embedding manner is as shown in FIG.
- the length W of the single-diffraction output spot is equal to the transmission period T of the field-of-view light in the slab waveguide.
- Determining the diffraction efficiency of each diffraction output spot can be based on the following formula:
- Formula (1) is:
- ⁇ 1 represents the diffraction efficiency corresponding to the first diffraction output spot in the output spot
- ⁇ i the diffraction efficiency corresponding to the ith diffraction output spot in the output spot
- I the The number of diffractions of the output spot on the exit holographic grating, i and I are integers.
- the diffraction efficiency corresponding to each diffraction output spot can be determined, for example, assuming Wi is 10 mm (mm), S is 5 mm, T is 15 mm, and L is 45 mm. At this time, by the system shown in FIG.
- the output single-order diffraction spot length W is equal to 15 mm, and the three-dimensional diffraction spot can be output through the exit holographic grating.
- the diffraction efficiency ⁇ 1 corresponding to the first diffraction output spot can be calculated to be 1/3; the diffraction efficiency ⁇ 2 corresponding to the second diffraction output spot is 1/2; The diffraction efficiency ⁇ 3 corresponding to the third-order diffraction output spot is 1.
- the diffraction efficiency corresponding to each diffraction output spot it is also possible to determine the light intensity distribution corresponding to the diffraction efficiency of the unit sub-spot included in each diffraction output spot, that is, based on the light intensity distribution of each diffraction output spot.
- the diffraction efficiency of the spot here, the diffraction efficiency of each diffraction output spot determined by the formula can also be understood as the diffraction efficiency of the first unit sub-spot included for the sub-diffraction output spot.
- Wi 10 mm (mm)
- S is 5 mm
- T 15 mm
- L 45 mm
- the spot length of the single-diffraction output spot is 15 mm.
- FIG. 3 shows a way to set the diffraction efficiency for a unit sub-spot of a single-diffraction output spot.
- the horizontal axis represents the position of the unit sub-spot corresponding to the exit holographic grating
- the vertical axis represents the diffraction efficiency.
- the exit holographic grating can diffract three single-order diffracted output spots, each of which has a spot length of 15 mm, and each single-diffracted output spot includes six unit sub-spots.
- the diffraction efficiency of the unit sub-spot is determined based on the output luminance of each unit sub-spot. For example, if the relative luminance of the first unit sub-spot of the first single-diffraction output spot shown in FIG. 2 is 0.5, the diffraction efficiency of the corresponding position of the first unit sub-spot (0 mm - 2.5 mm) is determined as 1/3. For other unit sub-spots, the output brightness corresponding to other unit sub-spots can be set as shown in FIG. For the setting of the other two diffraction efficiencies, see the above method.
- the exit holographic grating in the system sets the structure of the outgoing holographic grating by the diffraction efficiency of the length of the unit sub-spot, thereby making the light intensity distribution of the output spot uniform.
- the brightness of the spot light output by the system can be made uniform.
- the embodiment of the invention further provides a head mounted display device, wherein the head mounted display device comprises part or all of the structure of any of the holographic waveguide display systems described in the above embodiments.
- the head mounted display device, or included in the holographic waveguide display system can include a microdisplay that provides multiple fields of view.
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Abstract
一种全息波导显示系统，该系统包括入射全息光栅（1）、出射全息光栅（2）、平板波导（3）；平板波导（3）包括波导基底（32）和嵌入于波导基底（32）的传输区中的至少一个光半透膜（31），波导基底（32）的一侧水平表面贴合有入射全息光栅（1）和出射全息光栅（2），入射全息光栅（1）的贴合区域对应波导基底（32）的入射区，出射全息光栅（2）的贴合区域对应波导基底（32）的出射区；其中，视场光通过入射全息光栅（1）、平板波导（3）和出射全息光栅（2）形成输出光斑，输出光斑进入人眼，至少一个光半透膜（31）用于改变至少一部分视场光在波导基底（32）的传输区的传输方向。该系统能够使传输周期大于入射全息光栅（1）长度的光束经过出射全息光栅（2）衍射后能形成连续光斑。
Description
本发明涉及全息波导显示技术领域，具体涉及一种全息波导显示系统。
当前全息波导显示系统是由平板波导和全息元件组成的，全息元件包括入射全息光栅和出射全息光栅。平板波导作为光传输媒介，全息元件作为光路折叠器件，能够将微显示器输出的图像传输至人眼。在头戴显示器中配置上述全息波导显示系统，能够减轻头戴显示器的整体重量和体积，使头戴显示器更加满足用户需求。其中，微显示器输出的图像以平行光线的形式在波导中进行传输，并且光线在波导中按照传输周期进行传输，出射全息光栅会对传输到的光线进行衍射，使光线透过波导，形成光斑，该光斑能够进入人眼。现有技术中，微显示器会提供不同视场以使人眼能够观察到更广阔的图像视角。来自不同视场的光线在波导中的传输周期不同，一些视场的光线在波导中的传输周期会大于入射全息光栅的长度，这些光线经过出射全息光栅衍射出的光斑一般会小于这些光线的传输周期，这会导致相邻传输周期输出的光斑不连续，进而导致人眼观察到的图像不连续。
发明内容
本发明实施例公开了一种全息波导显示系统，能够在相邻传输周期输出连续光斑。
第一方面，本发明实施例公开了一种全息波导显示系统，包括：
入射全息光栅、出射全息光栅、平板波导；
所述平板波导包括波导基底和嵌入于所述波导基底的传输区中的至少一个光半透膜，所述波导基底的一侧水平表面贴合有所述入射全息光栅和所述出射全息光栅，所述入射全息光栅的贴合区域对应所述波导基底的入射区，所述出射全息光栅的贴合区域对应所述波导基底的出射区；
其中，视场光通过所述入射全息光栅、所述平板波导和所述出射全息光栅
形成输出光斑，所述输出光斑进入人眼，所述至少一个光半透膜用于改变至少一部分视场光在所述波导基底的传输区的传输方向。
第二方面，本发明实施例公开了一种头戴显示设备，包括第一方面所述的全息波导显示系统和微显示器。
本申请所提供的方案为在平板波导的波导基底的传输区嵌入至少一个光半透膜，所述至少一个光半透膜能够改变一部分入射的视场光在传输区的传输方向，使传输周期大于入射全息光栅长度的光束经过出射全息光栅衍射后能形成连续光斑。进而，可以使用户观察到完整图像。
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明实施例公开的一种全息波导显示系统的结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例公开的波导基底中嵌入两个光半透膜时光传输路线的示意图；
图3是本发明实施例公开的一种衍射效率与光斑位置的设置映射关系图。
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分的实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的说明书和权利要求书及附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”和“第四”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。例如包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备没有限定于已列出的步骤
或单元，而是可选地还包括没有列出的步骤或单元，或可选地还包括对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本发明的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行描述。
请参阅图1，图1是本发明实施例公开的一种全息波导显示系统的光学元件组成结构示意图。如图1所示，该全息波导显示系统包括入射全息光栅1、出射全息光栅2及平板波导3，其中，平板波导包括波导基底32和嵌入于该波导基底的光半透膜31。其中，平板波导的波导基底32可以按照功能划分为三个区域，分别为入射区321、传输区322和出射区323。在此，本申请实施例定义了图1中所示的x轴的方向为水平方向，y轴的方向为垂直方向。波导基底32在入射区321的水平表面贴合有入射全息光栅1，波导基底32在出射区323的水平表面贴合有出射全息光栅2。光半透膜31嵌入于波导基底32的传输区内。光束经过光半透膜时，一部分光束会发生反射，一部分光束会发生投射，例如，光束经过光半透膜，50％的光束发生发射，50％的光束发生投射，在此不作具体限定。需要说明的是，光半透膜31能够实现对入射光束进行反射即可，本申请实施例中不限定光半透膜的嵌入位置，以及光半透膜的长度。图1举例性的示出了一种光半透膜的嵌入方式。图1中光半透膜为水平放置，光半透膜的长度为传输区的高度。图1示出波导基底32中嵌入有两个光半透膜31，这两个光半透膜31均匀平行地嵌入在波导基底32的传输区，即这两个光半透膜31之间的距离与这两个光半透膜与各自靠近的波导基底32的水平表面的距离相等，也就是说，一个光半透膜的高度为波导基底的高度的三分之一，另一个光半透膜的高度为波导基底的高度的三分之二。当然，光半透膜的嵌入方式还可以有其他方式，在此不作具体限定。
可选的，也可以在波导基底32的传输区中嵌入一个光半透膜，或大于两个
光半透膜。如果在传输区嵌入一个光半透膜，使该光半透膜水平嵌入在传输区中，光半透膜的高度任意，一种实现方式为光半透膜的高度为波导基底的高度的一半，即光半透膜设置在波导基底的传输区的中间。当然，该半透膜的嵌入方式还可以为其他方式，在此不作限定。如果在传输区嵌入大于两个光半透膜，则能够使通过平板波导和出射全息光栅输出的光斑更加均匀。对于大于两个光半透膜的嵌入方式可参见设置两个光半透膜时的嵌入方式，在此不作具体限定。
可选的，还可以在波导基底的垂直表面涂有吸光材料，以消除杂光，提升输出光斑的质量。
下面结合图1所示结构，介绍光束在该结构下的传输方式。请参见图2，其中Wi代表入射全息光栅的长度，L代表出射全息光栅的长度，S代表传输区的长度，T代表一个视场光在平板波导中的传输周期。这个视窗光的传输周期T的长度大于入射全息光栅的长度Wi，如果波导基底中未嵌入有光半透膜，则该视场光在一个传输周期仅能够通过出射全息光栅输出部分视场光，如图2所示，W’代表波导基底中未嵌入有光半透膜时，传输周期为T的视场光通过出射全息光栅输出的单次衍射光斑长度，此时W’小于T，该传输周期内有一部分视场光无法通过出射全息光栅衍射出波导基底，导致该传输周期与下一个传输周期之间存在无光区，即衍射出的光斑W’的长度小于入射视窗光的长度，这会导致相邻周期的光斑不连续。图2中示出了波导基底中嵌入两个光半透膜时光传输路线的示意图，光束会在光半透膜上一部分发生全反射，这部分全反射光能够到达上述无光区，进而通过出射全息光栅的衍射在无光区形成光斑，从而能够使相邻周期的光斑连续，如图2所示，W代表波导基底中嵌入有光半透膜时，传输周期为T的视场光通过出射全息光栅输出的单次衍射光斑长度，此时W等于T。
举例来说，假设Wi为10毫米(mm)，S为5mm，T为15mm，L为45mm，此时，通过图2所示的系统，输出的单次衍射光斑长度W等于15mm，能够通过出射全息光栅输出三次衍射光斑。
如图2所示，单次衍射光斑长度W可以划分出多个单位子光斑，其中，相邻单位子光斑的光强可以相同，也可以不同，假设输出的单子衍射光斑长度W等于15mm，在此，我们设置单位子光斑的长度为2.5mm，其中，不同的单位子光斑的光强可以通过图2所示的灰度进行表示，图2所示光斑中，单位子光斑1的
灰度<单位子光斑2的灰度<单位子光斑3的灰度，也就是说，单位子光斑1的光强<单位子光斑2的光强<单位子光斑3的光强。由此，该光学系统输出的单次衍射光斑的光强不均匀，为了达到增加光半透膜后，光斑输出的均匀性，可以对应设置出射全息光栅的光栅结构，使视场光经过出射全息光栅衍射后的输出光斑达到均匀性要求。应理解的，系统中光半透膜的数量不同，对应的出射全息光栅的光栅结构不同。具体的，视场光经过的出射全息光栅的位置不同，对应的衍射效率不同，进而达到输出的光强均匀的效果。在此，出射全息光栅是基于单次衍射的输出光斑包括的单位子光斑的长度来确定衍射效率的，也就是说，经过出射全息光栅的一个单位子光斑的长度的光的衍射效率相同。下面对本申请提供的出射全息光栅的一种能够满足输出光斑的光强均匀分布的光栅结构的确定方式进行示例性说明。
若视场光在经过半透膜后，通过传统的出射全息光栅衍射形成的输出光斑的光强度分布不均匀，例如，如果嵌入有单个光半透膜，则任意视场光输出光斑的均匀性最小为50％；如果嵌入有两个光半透膜，则任意视场光的输出光斑的均匀性最小为66.7％。
首先基于系统中配置的光半透膜的数量，来获取光经过传统出射全息光栅时的输出光斑的光强度分布。例如，如图2所示，在系统中配置有两个光半透膜时，单次衍射的输出光斑的光强度分布可如图2所示，当然，在系统中配置有其他数量的光半透膜时，同样可以获取光经过传统出射全息光栅时的输出光斑的光强度分布。
其次，根据本申请提供的出射全息光栅的长度和光通过该出射全息光栅的单次衍射的输出光斑的长度，来确定衍射次数，进而确定每次衍射的输出光斑的衍射效率，并基于每次衍射的输出光斑的输出效率来设置出射全息光栅的光栅结构。在此，单次衍射输出光斑的长度与视场光在平板波导中的传输周期相关，例如，如果在波导基底中嵌入有两个光半透膜，且嵌入方式如图1中所示，则单次衍射输出光斑的长度W等于视场光在平板波导中的传输周期T。
确定每次衍射输出光斑的衍射效率可基于以下公式：
公式(1)为：
公式(2)为：
其中，η1表示所述输出光斑中第一次衍射输出光斑对应的衍射效率，ηi表示所述输出光斑中第i次衍射输出光斑对应的衍射效率，1<i<I，I表示所述输出光斑在所述出射全息光栅上的衍射次数，i和I为整数。
通过上述公式，能够确定每次衍射输出光斑对应的衍射效率，例如，假设Wi为10毫米(mm)，S为5mm，T为15mm，L为45mm，此时，通过图2所示的系统，输出的单次衍射光斑长度W等于15mm，能够通过出射全息光栅输出三次衍射光斑。则基于公式(1)和公式(2)，能够计算出第一次衍射输出光斑对应的衍射效率η1为1/3；第二次衍射输出光斑对应的衍射效率η2为1/2；第三次衍射输出光斑对应的衍射效率η3为1。
在确定出每次衍射输出光斑对应的衍射效率后，还可以针对每次衍射输出光斑包括的单位子光斑的衍射效率，即基于每次衍射输出光斑的光强度分布，来确定光强度分布对应的光斑的衍射效率，这里，通过公式确定的每次衍射输出光斑的衍射效率也可以理解为针对该次衍射输出光斑包括的第一个单位子光斑的衍射效率。假设Wi为10毫米(mm)，S为5mm，T为15mm，L为45mm，并且单次衍射输出光斑的光斑长度为15mm，单次衍射输出光斑的一种光亮强度分布可参见图2所示，图3示出了一种对单次衍射输出光斑的单位子光斑设置衍射效率的方式。其中，图3中横轴表示单位子光斑在出射全息光栅上对应的位置，纵轴表示衍射效率。举例说明，在上述应用场景下，出射全息光栅能够衍射出三个单次衍射输出光斑，每个单次衍射输出光斑的光斑长度为15mm，每个单次衍射的输出光斑包括六个单位子光斑，在此会基于每个单位子光斑的输出亮度来确定该单位子光斑的衍射效率。例如，图2所示的第一个单次衍射输出光斑的第一个单位子光斑的输出亮度相对值为0.5，则确定该第一单位子光斑对应位置(0mm-2.5mm)的衍射效率为1/3。对于其他单位子光斑，可依据图3所示设置其他单位子光斑对应的输出亮度。对于其他两次衍射效率的设置，可以参见上述方式。
综上，本申请所提供的系统中的出射全息光栅通过以单位子光斑的长度的衍射效率来设置出射全息光栅的结构，进而使输出光斑的光强度分布均匀。
通过上述方式，能够使该系统输出的光斑光强亮度均匀。
本发明实施例还提供一种头戴显示设备，其中，该头戴显示设备包括上述实施例中记载的任何一种全息波导显示系统的部分或全部结构。可选的，该头戴显示设备中，或所包括的全息波导显示系统中能够包括提供多视场的微显示器。
以上所述，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
Claims (11)
- 一种全息波导显示系统，其特征在于，包括：入射全息光栅、出射全息光栅、平板波导；所述平板波导包括波导基底和嵌入于所述波导基底的传输区中的至少一个光半透膜，所述波导基底的至少一侧水平表面贴合有所述入射全息光栅和所述出射全息光栅，所述入射全息光栅的贴合区域对应所述波导基底的入射区，所述出射全息光栅的贴合区域对应所述波导基底的出射区；其中，视场光通过所述入射全息光栅、所述平板波导和所述出射全息光栅形成输出光斑，所述输出光斑进入人眼，所述至少一个光半透膜用于改变至少一部分视场光在所述波导基底的传输区的传输方向。
- 如权利要求1所述系统，其特征在于，所述出射全息光栅的光栅结构所满足的衍射效率是与所述输出光斑的光强度分布相对应的，并且所述衍射效率是根据所述视场光在所述出射全息光栅的衍射次数确定的；其中，所述衍射次数是根据所述出射全息光栅的长度和单次衍射的输出光斑的长度确定的，所述单次衍射的输出光斑的长度是根据所述入射全息光栅的长度和所述波导基底的传输区的长度确定的。
- 如权利要求2所述系统，其特征在于，所述单次衍射的输出光斑的衍射效率是根据所述视场光在所述出射全息光栅的衍射次数确定的，包括：所述衍射效率是根据公式(1)和公式(2)确定的；其中，公式(1)为：
公式(2)为：
其中，η1表示所述输出光斑中第一次衍射输出光斑对应的衍射效率，ηi表示所述输出光斑中第i次衍射的输出光斑对应的衍射效率，1<i<I，I表示所述输出光斑在所述出射全息光栅上的衍射次数，i和I为整数。 - 如权利要求3所述系统，所述单次衍射的输出光斑中的单位子光斑的衍 射效率与所述单次衍射的输出光斑的光强度分布相关，所述单次衍射的输出光斑的光强度分布与所述光半透膜的数量相关。
- 如权利要求4所述系统，所述单次衍射的输出光斑中的单位子光斑的衍射效率是基于所述单次衍射的输出光斑的第一光强度分布确定的，所述第一光强度分布是基于所述系统中配置有一个光半透膜的情形下获取的。
- 如权利要求4所述系统，所述单次衍射的输出光斑中的单位子光斑的衍射效率是基于所述单次衍射的输出光斑的第二光强度分布确定的，所述第二光强度分布是基于所述系统中配置有两个光半透膜的情形下获取的。
- 如权利要求1-6任一项所述系统，其特征在于，所述平板波导包括一个光半透膜，所述光半透膜水平地嵌入所述波导基底的传输区，所述光半透膜的长度为所述波导基底的传输区的长度。
- 如权利要求7所述系统，其特征在于，所述光半透膜的高度为所述波导基底的传输区的高度的一半。
- 如权利要求1-6任一项所述系统，其特征在于，所述平板波导包括两个光半透膜，所述两个光半透膜水平地嵌入于所述波导基底的传输区，所述两个光半透膜的长度为所述波导基底的传输区的长度。
- 如权利要求9所述系统，其特征在于，所述两个光半透膜中的一个光半透膜的高度为所述波导基底的传输区的高度的三分之一，另一个光半透膜的高度为所述波导基底的传输区的高度的三分之二。
- 如权利要求1-6任一项所述系统，其特征在于，所述波导基底的垂直表面涂有吸光材料。
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