WO2018198033A1

WO2018198033A1 - Test apparatus and method for testing a surface of at least one rotationally symmetrical test piece

Info

Publication number: WO2018198033A1
Application number: PCT/IB2018/052854
Authority: WO
Inventors: Frank THIELERT
Original assignee: Confovis Gmbh
Priority date: 2017-04-26
Filing date: 2018-04-24
Publication date: 2018-11-01
Also published as: EP3488183A1; EP3488183B1; DE102017108868A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a test apparatus for testing a surface of at least one rotationally symmetrical test piece, wherein the test apparatus comprises at least one test piece support and rotation unit, a 1D or 2D measuring system for the one-dimensional or two-dimensional detection of the surface of the test piece and a 21/2D or 3D measuring system for the two-and-a-half or three-dimensional detection of a region of the surface of the test piece. The present invention further relates to a method for testing a surface of at least one rotationally symmetrical test piece. In order to be able to effectively test a test piece, the test piece support and rotation unit of the apparatus according to the invention has a first support body which can be rotated about the rotational axis thereof and a second support body which can be rotated about the rotational axis thereof, the rotational axes of which are arranged parallel with one another or intersect at a point, which form a support for the at least one test piece and by which the at least one test piece can be rotated about the rotational axis thereof. In addition, at least one angular position transcoder for determining an angle of rotation of the test piece on the test piece support and rotation unit is associated with the first support body, at least one of the support bodies is connected to a drive motor and the test piece support and rotation unit can be displaced on a carriage unit for transporting the test piece from the 1D or 2D measuring system to the 21/2D or 3D measuring system and back. The 1D or 2D measuring system further comprises a measuring point detection device for determining positional coordinates of at least one measuring point on the test piece, and the 21/2D or 3D measuring system comprises a topography detection device, by means of which the topography data of the at least one measuring point can be detected, and the 1D or 2D measuring system and the 21/2D or 3D measuring system are connected to a common measuring point data evaluation unit. The problem of the current invention is furthermore solved by the associated method.

Description

Test device and method for testing a surface of at least one rotationally symmetric test specimen

The present invention relates to a test device for testing a surface of at least one rotationally symmetric test specimen, wherein the test device comprises at least one test specimen support and rotation unit, a 1 D or 2 D measurement system for two-dimensional detection of the surface of the specimen, and a 2ΛΌ or SD Measuring system for three-dimensional detection of a portion of the surface of the specimen has.

The present invention further relates to a method for testing a surface, such as a surface, of at least one rotationally symmetric test specimen, wherein the test specimen is applied to a Prüferköperauflage- and -rotation unit and rotated with this about its axis of rotation, and the surface of the specimen with a 1 D or 2D measuring system is recorded in two dimensions and then three-dimensionally with a 2 ¹ / D or 3D measuring system.

In particular, in the case of cylindrical components, in which the function of the components is determined by the surface structure of their surface, a test of the surface for defects, such as impact marks, rotational depths, scratches, bruises or accumulations of material, inevitable. Especially with a sliding or rolling stress of the cylindrical components, the surface must have no errors or only minimal errors. For this purpose it is necessary to examine each component with regard to surface defects and, if appropriate, with regard to the respective defect dimensions.

In the prior art, the examination of rotationally symmetrical, especially cylindrical components for surface defects, in particular defects of the surface of the test specimen, with a 1 D or 2D measuring system. In this case, the test specimen is rotated about its axis of rotation during the detection with the 1 D or 2D measuring system. For this purpose, the test piece is applied to a test piece support and rotation unit, by means of which the test piece is rotatable about its axis of rotation by at least 360 °. If a defect is detected in the two-dimensional detection of the test specimen with the 1 D or 2D measuring system, the defect needs to be specified in terms of its dimensions by detecting with a 2 ¹ D or 3-D measuring system, since by means of the 1 D or 2D Measuring system no height coordinates can be detected. The transport of the test specimen from the 1 D or 2D measuring system to the 2V2D or 3D measuring system takes place manually in the prior art, that is to say that the test specimen is moved from the test specimen support and rotation unit which is located below or in the vicinity of the 1 D or 2D measuring system is arranged, taken down and placed on a below or in the vicinity of the 2ΛΌ- or SD measuring system arranged Prüfkörperauflage- and rotation unit. As a rule, the orientation of the test piece is changed so that the defect detected by the 1D or 2D measuring system is difficult to find again. This is also due to the fact that the position data of the defect are not detected in the prior art. Thus, to rediscover the defect, it is often necessary to re-scan at least a portion of the surface of the specimen for defects. Such a test of a specimen is very time consuming and costly.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a device and a method by means of which a test body can be inexpensively, precisely, comprehensibly and quickly tested.

The object is achieved on the one hand by a device of the type described above, in which the Prüfkörperauflage- and rotation unit has a first, rotatable about its axis of rotation support body and a second, rotatable about its axis of rotation support body whose axes of rotation are arranged parallel to each other or in cutting a point that form a support for the at least one test specimen and by which the at least one test specimen is rotatable about its axis of rotation, at least the first support body is assigned an angular position sensor for determining a rotation angle of the specimen on the Prüfkörperauflage- and -rotation unit, at least one the support body is connected to a drive motor, the Prüfkörperauflage- and -rotation unit on a carriage unit for transporting the test piece from the 1 D or 2D measuring system to the 2! D or SD measuring system and can be moved back, the 1 D or 2D measuring system has a measuring point detection device for determining position coordinates of at least one measuring point on the test body, the 2! D- or 3D measuring system has a topography detection device, with the topography data of the at least one measuring point can be detected, and the 1 D or 2D measuring system and the 2V2D or 3D measuring system are connected to a common measuring point data evaluation unit. With the device according to the invention, rotationally symmetric test specimens, in particular lateral surfaces of cylindrical test specimens, can be examined easily and quickly with respect to defects and / or structural points. Structural locations are to be understood here as intended structurings of the surface of a test specimen, whereas defects or defects are to be understood as unwanted surface unevennesses, such as, for example, cracks, grooves, dents, material throws, chatter marks, forging marks and / or material deposits. In the following, the test of a test specimen with respect to defects by means of a device according to the invention will be described, which, however, is not intended to limit the device according to the invention to the examination of a specimen with regard to defects.

According to the invention, the surface of the test specimen is first detected two-dimensionally with the 1 D or 2D measuring system in order to detect possible defects of the surface of the test specimen. The 1 D or 2D measuring system can be designed, for example, as a camera device which has an autofocus device by means of which the detected surface is automatically focused. In alternative embodiments, however, a manual device for focusing the detection range can also be used.

If a defect is detected by means of the 1D or 2D measuring system, it is subsequently detected in three dimensions using the 2% D or 3D measuring system in order to be able to determine detailed properties of the defect, such as its dimensions, in particular its height coordinates. The 2 D or 3D measuring system has a 2V2D or 3D sensor for this purpose, whereby under 2! D sensor is to be understood as a sensor by which each x-y pair in a surface, so the surface coordinates, exactly one altitude coordinate z is assigned. In the case of a 3D sensor, however, each surface coordinate can be assigned any number of height coordinates. The 2V2D or SD measuring system is preferably designed as a microscope device.

Preferably, the 2 D or 3D measuring system also has an autofocus device, since the checking process can be expediently accelerated by the provision of an autofocus device. Furthermore, however, the VJd or 3D measuring system can also be set manually. Most preferably, the determined by the 1 D or 2D measuring system focus of the 2! D or 3D measuring system can be adopted, whereby the testing process can be accelerated. The data acquired by the 2V £ D or 3D measuring system is transmitted to a measuring point data evaluation unit, to which the data acquired by the 1D or 2D measuring system are also sent. The process tag data evaluation unit automatically generates a report based on this data. The report may include, for example, an image of the defect, the dimensions of the defect, and information as to whether or not the specimen complies with user-defined thresholds.

The measuring point data evaluation unit is preferably a computer which has a corresponding data processing and output program. Conveniently, the measuring point data evaluation unit has a program which makes it possible for the 2! D or 3D measuring system recorded map topography data and thus graphically represent the defect of the specimen. Alternatively, however, only individual measured values, for example those selected by the user, such as, for example, the depth of a scratch or the height of a material accumulation, can be specified as a numerical value by the measuring data evaluation unit. It is also possible for the measuring point data evaluation unit to notify the user if the test piece has no defects. The measuring point data evaluation unit can furthermore have a signal device which, for example, outputs a visual, acoustic and / or haptic signal when a defect is detected which exceeds a limit previously set by the user and / or if there is no defect.

Advantageously, the specimen during the entire test process, including during the transport of the specimen from the 1 D or 2D measuring system to 2 2D or 3D measuring system and the detection of the specimen by the 1 D or 2D measuring system and the VJd or 3D measuring system, on a first and a second covered by the Prüfkörperauflage- and rotation unit support body. If the support bodies are support rollers, the two support bodies are advantageously aligned parallel to one another, lying in one plane. As a support body, however, other bodies, such as cones or truncated cones, can be used, which are arranged so that their axes of rotation intersect at a point. By means of the support body, the specimen is at least 360 ° rotatable about its own axis of rotation, whereby the detection of the entire surface, in particular the surface of the specimen, by the 1 D or 2D measuring system and the 2! D or 3D measuring system is possible. The test specimen is placed parallel to the two support bodies in the middle of the two support bodies.

For transporting the test specimen from the 1D or 2D measuring system to the 2V2D or 3D measuring system, the first and second support bodies are mounted on a carriage unit. The specimen can thus be transported automatically, without having to be relocated, at least from the 1 D or 2 D measuring system to the 2 / D or 3D measuring system. Further, the Prüfkörperauflage- and -rotation unit having the first and the second support body can also be transported by means of the carriage unit to a loading and / or unloading. For optimal positioning of the carriage unit and thus the test piece under the 1 D or 2D measuring system or the 2V2D or 3D measuring system and / or for transport to loading and / or unloading, the carriage unit is automatically movable at least in two axial directions. Advantageously, the Prüfkörperauflage- and rotation unit is driven in response to a measurement result with the carriage unit to a certain position. For example, the Prüfkörperauflage- and rotation unit can be transported to a position at which the non-functional specimens are sorted out and / or on which the functional specimens are forwarded to their place of use. Furthermore, the slide unit can also be moved manually in special variants of the test device according to the invention.

Advantageously, the movement of the slide unit is triggered by a signal from the measuring point data evaluation unit, which is coupled to the 1D or 2D measuring system and receives corresponding information from this if a defect has been detected and the detection process of the entire surface of the test piece by the 1 D or 2D measuring system is completed. In alternative embodiments of the test device according to the invention, however, the test specimen can also be transported to the 2V2D or SD measuring system immediately after detection of a defect by the 1D or 2D measuring system. If, upon detection of the defect with the 21 D or 3D measuring system, it is ascertained that the defect does not exceed the threshold values defined by the user, the test piece can be transported back to the 1 D or 2D measuring system and not yet released Error tested surface of the specimen with the 1 D or 2D measuring system with regard to defects or errors are detected. If at least one defined threshold value is exceeded, the test specimen is sorted out. In a preferred embodiment of the testing device according to the invention, the carriage unit is provided on a machine bed on which the 1 D or 2D measuring system and the 2! D or 3D measuring system are arranged. The test apparatus itself can be designed to be transportable or stationary in relation to the application.

To generate a rotational movement, at least the second support body is connected to a drive motor. By rotation of the second support body about its axis of rotation and its contact with the specimen, the rotational movement of the second support body is transferred by friction to the specimen. By rotating the specimen by at least 360 °, the entire surface of the specimen can easily be scanned for errors with the 1D or 2D measuring system and, if necessary, examined for error details using the 2D or 3D measuring system. The first support body rotatable about its axis of rotation is preferably set in rotation by the contact with the test body and its rotational movement. In further embodiments of the test device according to the invention, however, also the first and the second support body or the first support body can be driven.

Conveniently, the two support body are the same design, but may be configured differently in other variants of the test device. For example, they may consist of different materials, have different surface structures and / or coatings and / or different dimensions.

In order to be able to determine an exact position of the determined defect and to analyze it with the 2! D- or 3D measuring system quickly find again, preferably the first support body is connected to an angular position sensor. Furthermore, the 1 D or 2D measuring system for data transmission by means of the measuring point data evaluation unit with the 2! Coupled D- or 3D measuring system.

The angular position sensor can always determine the current position and / or a current angle of rotation of the test body. Upon detection of a defect on and / or in the surface of the test specimen by the 1D or 2D measuring system, such precise position tion data of the defect can be determined. The rotation angle coordinates are used to position the defect below the 2! D or 3D measuring system used.

In further embodiments of the test device according to the invention, alternatively or in addition to the angular position sensor, the current position or rotational position of the test specimen can also be calculated starting from a zero position of the test specimen based on the diameter of the test specimen and / or a speed of the drive and determining the speed and the time , For this purpose, the drive is preferably connected to the measuring point data evaluation unit, which calculates the current position of the test object on the basis of drive data.

In order to determine the coordinates of the detected defect, at the beginning of the detection of the test specimen with the 1 D or 2 D measuring system, a zero point running along a surface line of the test specimen is defined, by means of which the coordinates of the defect are determined. Coordinate transformation transforms the coordinates determined in one or two-dimensional detection of the test specimen into two coordinate directions into rotation angle coordinates. After transformation of the coordinates and their transmission to the 2 ¹ D or 3D measuring system, the defect can be checked for defects directly in the viewing angle of the 2! Without re-scanning the surface! D or 3D measuring system are aligned. The defect is here automatically after detection of the specimen with the 1 D or 2D measuring system by lateral movement of the resting on the Prüfkörperauflage- and -rotation unit specimen with the carriage unit and by rotation of the specimen by at least the second support body under the 2V2D or 3D Positioning system. Furthermore, the entire surface of the test specimen can also first be detected with the 1D or 2D measuring system and then transported to the 2ΛΏ or 3D measuring system only upon detection of at least one defect. In this case, after the analysis of a first defect by the 2V2D or 3D measuring system, the test specimen is automatically rotated by the second driven support body so that a next defect can be detected three-dimensionally with the 2V2D or 3D measuring system. This process is continued until all defects found by the 1D or 2D measuring system have been recorded with the 2V2D or 3D measuring system and / or a defect having cross-border dimensions has been detected and the test specimen is sorted out. Compared to the prior art, the test device according to the invention thus enables a very fast, effective, cost-effective and, above all, comprehensible testing of test specimens. The 1 D or 2 D measuring system, the 2V2D or 3D measuring system, the test specimen support and rotation unit and the measuring point detection device are preferably coupled to one another in such a way that, for example, the test specimen is analyzed by means of a single push of a button and a report is output by the measuring point detection device can. Such a one-button operation of the test device according to the invention allows a very simple, low-error and easy-to-use operation of the tester.

In a preferred embodiment of the test device according to the invention, the 1D or 2D measuring system has an imaging system with dark field illumination. Such a dark field illumination imaging system may be, for example, a dark field microscope. Using a dark field illumination imaging system illuminates the surface of the specimen, with surface defects, such as cracks, appearing bright compared to the rest of the smooth surface. Defects are thus highlighted and can be easily recognized. In alternative embodiments of the test device according to the invention, however, other imaging systems, such as a bright field microscope can be used for defect detection.

Particularly preferably, the 2V2D or 3D measuring system has a 2V2D or an SD topography sensor. The topography sensor can be designed, for example, as an optical and / or tactile sensor. Furthermore, however, a chromatic confocal sensor can also be used. The topography sensor serves primarily to create a three-dimensional point cloud or a height profile from an area in which the defect is located. By coupling the 2! D- or 3D measuring system with the measuring point data evaluation unit, an image is created by the point cloud or the height profile, which illustrates the defect.

It has also proven to be advantageous if a positioning unit is connected to the objective in order to adjust the height of an objective of the 2V2D or 3D measuring system. The 2V2D or 3D measurement of the detected defect is made by shifting the height of the objective so that an optical section is produced by the measuring point at different levels. The optical sections are evaluated, for example, by an algorithm which shows the differences in height at each level an in-projected optical grating sets or evaluates a surface contrast in order to analyze the exact location of the respective surface points and thus to be able to determine in particular the depth of the defect can. The algorithm is stored in the measuring point data evaluation unit, to which the measurement results are transmitted and which outputs the result of the measuring process.

In a particularly favorable embodiment of the test device according to the invention, the test body support and rotation unit has at least one guide for changing a distance between the first support body and the second support body. Advantageously, by varying the distance between the two support bodies, test specimens of different dimensions can be easily applied to the support bodies. Furthermore, by varying the distance between the two support bodies, the position of a test body applied to the support bodies in a direction which is perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the support bodies and perpendicular to a direction in which the support bodies are arranged side by side extends.

It has proven to be advantageous in this case if the test device has at least one displacement measuring device for determining a distance between the first support body and the second support body. By means of the displacement measuring system, the positioning of test specimens with different diameters can be facilitated since the distance between the two abutment bodies can be set exactly. Depending on the embodiment of the test device according to the invention, the displacement measuring system can have, for example, an ultrasonic sensor, a laser sensor, a light sensor and / or sliding contacts.

It has also proved to be advantageous if the first support body and / or the second support body have an anti-slip coating or surface structure. By an anti-slip coating, the friction between the test specimen and the support bodies is increased, whereby the rotational movement of the support body can be better transmitted to the specimen or from the specimen on the non-driven support body.

Particularly preferably, at least one O-ring formed of Viton is provided above the first support body and / or the second support body, since such an optimum Contact between the test specimen and the respective support body can be produced. Furthermore, however, more or less O-rings can be attached to the support body. In alternative embodiments of the test device according to the invention, the complete surface of the support body may also be provided with an anti-slip coating. Also, the anti-slip coating with any structure, such as dotted, grid-shaped or line-like, be applied to the support body. Likewise, the support body can also be made of non-slip material, such as rubber. The use of Viton as an anti-slip coating has proven to be particularly advantageous in terms of its properties and cost, but other materials can be used as anti-slip coating.

In a particularly preferred embodiment variant of the test device according to the invention, this has a Prüfkörperortiervorrichtung coupled to the Meßstellenendatenauswertungseinheit. Advantageously, test specimens without defects can be transported directly from the 1D or 2D measuring system to the place of use, for example a warehouse, a production facility or a shipping facility. On the other hand faulty test specimens can be transported to the 2 ¹ D or 3D measuring system by means of the specimen sorting device and from there, depending on the measurement result, either also be supplied to the place of use or to a reject part store. Depending on the embodiment of the test device according to the invention, the test body sorting device can have, for example, a gripper device, a push device, a barrier device and / or a switch device. The test apparatus may also include a plurality of specimen sorting devices. For example, one specimen sorting device near the 1D or 2D measuring system and another near the 2! D or 3D measuring system can be arranged.

In an optional embodiment variant of the test device according to the invention, the 1 D or 2D measuring system and / or the 2! D or 3D measuring system attached to a leading over the Prüfkörperauflage- and rotation unit portal of the test apparatus. The gantry is advantageously provided on or at the machine bed, on which also the carriage supporting the test body support and rotation unit is provided. By providing the 1 D or 2 D measuring system and the 2V2D or 3D measuring system on a common gantry, they can be held and positioned particularly easily and with regard to the tester transport. So be it it is possible that the position of the 1 D or 2D measuring system and / or the 2V2D or 3D measuring system in the direction of a portal longitudinal direction, for example, depending on the test specimen dimensions, is changed. Likewise, the 1 D or 2D measuring system and the 2 D or 3D measuring system can, however, also be mounted in a fixed position on the portal. In alternative embodiments of the test device according to the invention, the 1 D or 2D measuring system and / or the 2! D or 3D measuring system, however, also be provided in another way at or near the Prüfkörperauflage- and - rotation unit. So the 1 D or 2D measuring system and the 2! D or 3D measuring system also be attached to a single tripod.

Conveniently, the 1D or 2D measuring system and / or the 2V2D or SD measuring system are interchangeably provided so that they are exchanged by a 1D or 2D measuring system and / or a 2D or 3D measuring system with different characteristics can. This is particularly useful when test bodies with different properties are to be tested with the test device according to the invention.

The object of the present invention is further achieved by a method of the type mentioned, in which the test body is placed on the one rotatable about its axis of rotation first support body and rotatable about its axis of rotation second support body Prüfkörperauflage- and rotation unit and rotated between the support bodies wherein at least one angle of rotation of the test specimen on the Prüfkörperauflage- and -rotation unit is determined, at least the second support body is driven, are determined with a measuring point detection device of the 1 D or 2 D measuring system position coordinates of at least one measuring point on the test specimen, the test specimen by means of on a carriage unit provided Prüfkörperauflage- and rotation unit of the 1 D or 2D measuring system to the 2V2D or 3D measuring system is transported, with a topography detection device of the 2 ¹ / D or 3D measuring system Topogr aphiedaten the at least one measuring point are detected, and the detected by the 1 D or 2D measuring system and the 2V2D or SD measurement system data transmitted to a Meßstellenendatenauswertungseinheit and evaluated by this with regard to whether at least one defect and / or a structural entity is present on the surface of the specimen that exceeds a predetermined threshold. The method according to the invention is suitable for the simple and rapid detection and analysis of defects or / and structural sites, this being described below by way of example for the detection of defects.

To test a surface of a rotationally symmetrical, in particular a cylindrical test specimen for defects or defects, such as cracks, grooves, impressions and / or accumulations of material, the surface of the specimen is inventively first or two-dimensionally detected with a 1 D or 2D measuring system. For this purpose, the test specimen is placed on a first and a second of a Prüfkörperauflage- and - rotation unit covered support body and set by driving at least one of the support body in rotation. In order to examine the entire surface of the test specimen, in particular its complete surface, for defects, the specimen is rotated about its own axis by at least 360 °, particularly preferably by 370 °.

If a surface defect is detected by the 1D or 2D measuring system on the surface of the specimen, the specimen, especially the part of the specimen which has the defect, will be marked with a 2! D or 3D measuring system two and a half or three-dimensional recorded in order to obtain detailed information about the error, in particular height coordinates of the error. In this case, topographical data are specifically recorded with a topography acquisition device comprised by the 2V2D or 3D measuring system, which are transmitted to a measuring point data evaluation unit. The measurement data evaluation unit prepares the measurement data and outputs it to a user, for example in the form of a map of the area scanned with the 2V2D or 3D measurement system and / or as numerical values. The measuring point data evaluation unit indicates to the user whether at least one threshold previously defined by the user has been exceeded and the respective test specimen is to be sorted out or whether the test specimen can be functionally used by the user.

According to the invention, the test piece rests on the two support bodies during the entire test process. Transporting the specimen from the 1 D or 2D measuring system to the 2! D- or 3D measuring system takes place here by automatic process of the test body supporting the support body by means of a carriage unit. According to the invention, the transport of the support bodies is triggered by a signal of the measuring point data evaluation unit coupled to the 1 D or 2 D measuring system, as soon as they are separated from the 1 D sensor. or 2 D measuring system obtains the information that the two-dimensional test process is completed and at least one error was detected or the test process is interrupted because an error was detected.

In order for the at least one defect detected by the 1D or 2D measuring system to be retrieved immediately upon placement of the test specimen on or in the 2V2D or 3D measuring system, the position of the defect is detected upon detection by the 1D or 2D measuring system certainly. For this purpose, at least the first support body is connected to an angular position sensor, by means of which the angle of rotation of the resting on the support bodies test piece is determined. Insofar as a defect has been found, the corresponding angle of rotation is determined by coupling the angular position sensor with the measuring point data evaluation unit and the corresponding value is transmitted to the 2V2D or SD measuring system so that it is located in or on the 2V2D or 3D measuring system when the test specimen is arranged can be adjusted without having to rescan the surface of the specimen after defects.

In alternative embodiments, the angle of rotation of the test specimen can also be determined additionally or alternatively based on the rotational speed of the driven support body and a diameter of the specimen.

To determine the position of the test specimen, a zero point running along a top line of the specimen is defined at the beginning of the test, which serves as the starting point for determining the angle of rotation. Upon detection of a defect, the current coordinates of the defect in two axial directions are determined and stored. Coordinate transformation converts these coordinates into rotation angle coordinates and provides them to the 2> D or 3D measurement system for positioning the test specimen.

The positioning of the test specimen is effected by a translatory movement of a test specimen bearing and rotating unit carrying the specimen by means of the slide unit and a rotation of the specimen by the at least one driven support body. For optimum positioning, the test specimen support and rotation unit can be moved at least in two axial directions. In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the one- or two-dimensional detection of a region of the surface of the specimen is carried out with an imaging system with dark field illumination. In this case, the test specimen is illuminated by the image illumination system, which is embodied, for example, as a dark field microscope, whereby cracks and other defects in the specimen surface become visible. In alternative process variants, however, the detection of the test specimen can also be effected by means of a bright field microscope or another imaging system.

In the present invention, the one-dimensional detection of a portion of the surface of the specimen can also be performed, for example, with a tactile sensor or measuring system.

Insofar as a defect was detected on or in the surface of the specimen, the defect of the test specimen with a 2! D- or a 3D topography sensor two and a half or three-dimensional recorded. During the detection of the defect with the topography sensor, a point cloud or a height profile depicting the defect of the surface of the test specimen is created, which / s differs from that with the 2! D or 3D measuring system coupled measuring point data evaluation unit is displayed graphically and / or relevant measured values are output from this. Depending on the embodiment of the method according to the invention, for example, an optical, tactile and / or chromatic confocal sensor can be used as a topography sensor.

It has proved to be advantageous if a 2! D- or 3D measurement of the specimen by adjusting the height of at least one objective of the 2V2D or 3D measuring system, wherein in several superimposed planes optical sections are generated, which are evaluated by an algorithm. The 2V2D or 3D measurement of the detected defect preferably takes place by height displacement of the objective, so that an image is generated by the measuring point at different levels. The optical sections are evaluated, for example, by an algorithm which sets the contrast that is different in each height with respect to a projected-in optical grating or evaluates a surface contrast in order to analyze the exact position of the respective surface points and thus in particular to be able to determine the depth of the defect. In a preferred embodiment variant of the method according to the invention, a distance between the first support body and the second support body is determined by a displacement measuring device. Thus, the distance between the two support body to each other can be optimally adapted to the diameter of the specimen. Depending on the embodiment of the method according to the invention, for example, an ultrasonic sensor, a laser sensor and / or a light sensor can be used to determine the distance between the two support bodies.

It has proved to be particularly favorable if a distance between the first support body and the second support body is changed as a function of a diameter of the test body. So test specimens with different diameters can be easily tested.

Advantageous embodiments of the present invention, their structure, function and advantages are explained in more detail below with reference to figures, wherein

Figure 1 shows schematically an embodiment of a test device according to the invention in a front view from the top right, and

Figure 2 shows schematically a detail of the test device according to the invention shown in Figure 1 in a front view from above, which illustrates a carriage unit, a first and a second support body and a test body applied to the support bodies.

Figure 1 shows schematically an embodiment of a test device 1 according to the invention in a front view from the top right. For testing a surface 21 of a test specimen 2, the test apparatus 1 has a 1 D or 2D measuring system 4 attached to a gantry 7 and a 2 also arranged on the gantry 7! D or SD measuring system 5 on.

In the exemplary embodiment of the test apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1, the 1D or 2D measuring system 4 as well as the 2ΛΌ or 3D measuring system 5 can be moved along the portal 7. In further variants of the test apparatus 1, however, the 1D or 2D measuring system 4 and / or the 2V2D or 3D measuring system 5 can also be attached to the portal 7 in a stationary manner. In alternative embodiments, the 1 D or 2D Measuring system 4 and / or the 2V_! D or 3D measuring system 5 are not provided on a portal of the test apparatus 1, but are for example also arranged on a stand unit.

The 1D or 2D measuring system 4 is formed in the embodiment shown as a camera device with dark field illumination, by means of which the surface 21 of the specimen 2 with respect to defects one or two-dimensional detected. If a defect in or on the surface of the test specimen 2 is detected by the 1D or 2D measuring system 4, this defect is subsequently detected two-by-half or three-dimensionally with the 2 / D or 3D measuring system 5. The 2V ₂ D or 3D measuring system 5 is designed as a microscope device in the embodiment shown and has a topography sensor. By analyzing the defect with the topography sensor, it is possible to determine dimensions of the defect, in particular height coordinates, which are decisive for whether the test specimen 2 is sorted out as a reject part or a functional part is used.

For imaging and evaluation of the topography data determined by the 2 - D or 3D measuring system 5, the 2 ¹ / D or 3D measuring system 5 is connected to a measuring point data evaluation unit 9. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the measuring point data evaluation unit 9 is designed as a computer, which makes it possible to output the topography data obtained from the 2V D or 3D measuring system 5 graphically or as a numerical value and to a user based on these data and to tell the thresholds previously set by a user whether the test specimen 2 meets the desired requirements or has to be sorted out as a reject part.

Below the 1 D or 2D measuring system 4 and the 2 D or 3D measuring system 5, a Prüfkörperauflage- and -rotation unit 3 is provided, on which the test body 2 rests during the entire test process. The Prüfkörperauflage- and rotation unit 3 has a first support body 31 and a second support body 32. The first support body 31 and the second support body 32 are mounted in a holding device 34, 34 'such that they are each rotatable about their own axis of rotation B, C. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the first support body 31 and the second support body 2 are designed as support rollers oriented parallel to one another. On the two support bodies 31, 32 is the test body 2 to be inspected for surface defects placed, wherein the test piece 2 is aligned in the center of the first and second support body 31, 32, parallel to the two support bodies 31, 32. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a cylindrical test specimen 2 is tested. With the test apparatus 1, however, differently shaped rotationally symmetric test specimens 2, for example spherical or conical test specimens 2, can be tested.

The two support bodies 31, 32 having holding means 34, 34 'is provided on a movable slide unit 6. By applying the Prüfkörperauflage- and -rotation unit 3 to the carriage unit 6, the test specimen 2 in the case of detected by the 1 D or 2D measuring system 4 defect automatically from the 1 D or 2D measuring system 4 to the 2 D or 3D measuring system 5 are carried out without the test specimen 2 has to be removed from the Prüfkörperauflage- and -rotation unit 3 and placed on another Prüfkörperauflage- and -rotation unit 3. Due to the automatic movement of the test specimen 2 from the 1 D or 2D measuring system 4 to the 2V2D or 3D measuring system 5, the time of the test process can be significantly shortened compared with the test method known from the prior art and thus the costs for the test Testing process are lowered.

In alternative variants of the test device 1 according to the invention, the test body support and rotation unit 3 having the holding device 34, 34 'can be mounted such that it can be moved in two or three axial directions. This has the advantage that the Prüfkörperauflage- and -rotation unit 3 and thus the specimen 2 can be placed particularly accurately under the 1 D or 2D measuring system 4 and the 2V2D or 3D measuring system 5. Furthermore, other positions, for example, loading and / or unloading, can be easily achieved.

For the automatic movement of the test specimen support and rotation unit 3 from the 1D or 2D measurement system 4 to the 2V D or 3D measurement system 5, the 1D or 2D measurement system 4 and the specimen support and rotation unit 3 are supported Slide unit 6 coupled to the measuring point data evaluation unit 9. Upon detection of a defect of the test specimen 2 by the 1D or 2D measuring system 4, a signal is transmitted from the 1D or 2D measuring system 4 to the measuring point data evaluation unit 9 in order to inform the test specimen 2 that the specimen 2V £ D or 3D measuring system 5 must be detected. Once the 1D or 2D measuring system 4 has passed the test of the pers 2 has finished with defects or immediately after a defect has been detected, the measuring point data evaluation unit 9 sends a signal to the slide unit 6, whereby the slide unit 6 transports the test piece support and rotation unit 3 to the 2-D or 3-D measuring system 5.

Advantageously, the Prüfkörperauflage- and rotation unit 3, insofar as no defect was detected by the 1 D or 2 D measuring system 4, not to the 2V2D or SD measuring system 5 method, but the test piece 2 directly from the Prüfkörperauflage- and removed rotation unit 3 and optionally placed a new specimen 2 on this. The test process performed with the test apparatus 1 according to the invention is thus very efficient, time-saving, cost-effective and comprehensible.

For a simple and complete detection of the surface 21 of the test specimen 2, it is rotated about its axis of rotation A during the detection with the 1D or 2D measuring system 4 at least by 360 °, preferably by 370 °. For this purpose, in the embodiment shown, the second support body 32 is connected to a drive, which drives the second support body 32. Due to the rotation of the second support body 32 about its axis of rotation B and the contact of the second support body 32 with the test specimen 2, the specimen 2 is set in motion. The test body 2 rotates about its axis of rotation A. Further, the first support body 31 is also caused by contact of the specimen 2 during rotation of the specimen 2 in motion, wherein the first support body 31 rotates about its axis of rotation C. Optimally, the complete surface 21 of the test specimen 2 can be easily examined by the 1D or 2D measuring system 4 for defects, such as, for example, grooves, cracks, impressions or accumulations of material due to the rotation of the specimen 2. In alternative embodiments of the test apparatus 1 according to the invention, however, both support bodies 31, 32 can also be driven, and these can be driven by a common drive or two separately coupled or uncoupled drives.

In the embodiment shown, the first support body 31 is connected to an angular position sensor which continuously determines the current position and / or a current rotation angle α of the test body 2 applied to the support bodies 31, 32. Based on the position of the test specimen 2, the position of a detected by the 1 D or 2D measuring system 4 defect can be determined, whereby the defect in detection of the specimen 2 with the 2V2D or 3D measuring system 5 can be found quickly and easily. Here- to be determined position data from the angular position encoder to the Meßstellenendaten- evaluation unit 9 and transmitted from this to the 2 D or 3D measuring system 5. In defect detection, the test piece 2 is moved by means of the slide unit 6 to the 2 D or 3D measuring system 5. Subsequently or in the meantime, the test specimen 2 is rotated on the basis of the position data of the defect determined by the angular position sensor by means of the driven support body 32 so that the defect can be detected with the 2V ₂ D or 3D measuring system 5. Advantageously, the inspection process can be shortened by quickly locating the defect and unnecessary handling processes and thus reducing the testing costs.

In an alternative embodiment variant of the test device 1 according to the invention, the actual angle of rotation α of the test piece 2 can alternatively or additionally be determined using a diameter d of the test piece 2 and a speed which can be detected, for example, at the drive of the second support body 32. For this purpose, the angle of the driven support body 32 is monitored and read out.

As shown in FIG. 1, the gantry 7 and the slide unit 6 having the test piece support and rotation unit are provided on a machine bed 70 so that the test piece support and rotation unit 3 and the measuring systems 4, 5 are in a fixed relationship to one another.

The test apparatus 1 further has a Prüfkörperortiervorrichtung 10 formed in the embodiment shown as a robot, by means of which defects rejected specimens 2, placed new specimens 2 on the Prüfkörperauflage- and rotation unit 3 and transported as functionally tested specimens 2 to their place of use. In alternative embodiments of the test device 1 according to the invention, the Prüfkörperortiervorrichtung 10 may be formed, for example, as a conveyor belt with a point and / or barrier system. Likewise, however, it would also be possible to use a type of pusher as a sorting system which pushes the test piece 2 according to its test result onto a corresponding conveyor belt or the like.

FIG. 2 schematically shows a detail of the testing device 1 according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 in a front view from above, which shows a carriage unit 6, a first and a second support body 31, 32 and one on the support bodies 31, 32 applied test specimen 2 illustrates. The same reference numerals as in Figure 1 denote the same components, for which reason reference is made to the previous description of these components.

As can be seen in FIG. 2, the first support body 31 and the second support body 32 each have an anti-slip coating 33, 33 'in the form of O-rings. In the embodiment, the O-rings are made of Viton, but may be formed in other embodiments of the test apparatus 1 but also made of rubber or other slip-resistant material. In order to form a good support surface for the test specimen 2 and to produce a high friction between the specimen 2 and the two support bodies 31, 32, a plurality of O-rings are provided around one support body 31, 32. In alternative variants of the test device, however, only one or two O-rings can be mounted around a respective support body 31, 32. Depending on the application, the dimensions of the O-rings can vary. So it is advantageous if only a few O-rings are provided to design the O-rings as wide as possible. Furthermore, in other forms of the test device 1 according to the invention, the anti-slip coating 33, 33 'can also cover the entire surface of the support bodies 31, 32 or be applied to it with a specific structure. Likewise, the support bodies 31, 32 may also be formed of slip-resistant material, such as rubber.

In the exemplary embodiment of the test apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 2, the first support body 31 and the second support body 32 are designed identically and arranged at the same height in the test apparatus 1. Depending on the application, the support bodies 31, 32 can however also be designed differently. Furthermore, the support bodies 31, 32 can also be arranged at different heights in the test apparatus 1.

In order to be able to test specimens 2 with different dimensions, in particular different diameters d, with the test device 1 according to the invention, a distance D from the first support body 31 to the second support body 32 is adjustable. For this purpose, the first and the second support body 31, 32 are provided on a guide 35. The distance D between the first and second support bodies 31, 32 is changed by command from the measurement point data evaluation unit 9. At the beginning of the test process, the user informs the user of the measuring point data evaluation unit 9 of the diameter d of the test body 2 currently being tested. Furthermore, the test apparatus 1 can also Have a measuring device, which determines the diameter d of the test piece 2 at the beginning of a test process and this value of Meßstellenendatenauswertungsein- unit Θ, whereupon the measuring point data evaluation unit 9 automatically adjusts the distance D between the two support bodies 31, 32. In further variants of the test apparatus 1, the distance D can also be varied manually, for example by actuating a dial.

In the embodiment of the test apparatus 1, which is shown in Figure 2, the two support body 31, 32 can be moved by a common guide 35. Furthermore, however, in order to vary the distance D between the two support bodies 31, 32, only one of the two support bodies 31, 32 may be applied to a guide. Likewise, the first and the second support body 31, 32 may be provided on separate guides or the support body 31, 32 are guided by a plurality of common guides.

The test apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 2 also has a displacement measuring device 11 with which the distance D between the two support bodies 31, 32 can be determined. Based on a well-defined distance D, for example, the test specimen 2 can be better placed.

The 1 D or 2 D measuring system 4, the 2! D- or 3D measuring system 5, the Meßstellendatenauswertungseinheit 9 and the slide unit 6 are coupled so that, for example, with only a push of a button, the test process of the test piece 2 is handled and the user all essential information is output by the Meßstellenendatenauswertungseinheit 9. Furthermore, the Prükörpersortiervorrichtung 10 may be coupled to the above components, so z. B. at the touch of a button, the tested specimens 2 are sorted out according to the test result and thus the test process is fully automatic, expeditious and cost-effective.

Claims

claims

1. testing device (1) for testing a surface (21) of at least one rotationally symmetrical test body (2), wherein the test device (1)

at least one test specimen support and rotation unit (3),

a 1 D or 2D measuring system (4) for one- or two-dimensional detection of

Surface (21) of the specimen (2), and

a 2V2D or 3D measuring system (5) for two and a half or three-dimensional detection of a region of the surface (21) of the test specimen (2),

characterized,

in that the test specimen support and rotation unit (3) has a first support body (31) rotatable about its axis of rotation (B) and a second support body (32) rotatable about its axis of rotation (C) whose rotatio axes are arranged parallel to one another or inwardly cutting a point which forms a support for the at least one test piece (2) and through which the at least one test piece (2) is rotatable about its axis of rotation (A),

at least the first support body (31) is assigned an angular position sensor for determining a rotation angle (a) of the test body (2) on the test body support and rotation unit (3),

at least one of the support bodies (31, 32) is connected to a drive motor, the Prüfkörperauflage- and rotation unit (3) on a carriage unit (6) for transporting the test body (2) of the 1 D or 2D measuring system (4) the 2V2D or 3D measuring system (5) and can be moved back,

the 1 D or 2D measuring system (4) has a measuring point detection device for determining position coordinates of at least one measuring point (8) on the test body (2),

the 21 D or 3D measuring system (5) has a topography detection device with which topographical data of the at least one measuring point (8) can be detected, and

the 1 D or 2D measuring system (4) and the 2V2D or 3D measuring system (5) are connected to a measuring point data evaluation unit (9).

2. Testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the 1 D or 2D measuring system (4) has an imaging system with dark field illumination.

3. Testing device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the 2 D or 3D measuring system (5) a 2! D or a 3D topography sensor has.

4. A test device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for adjusting the height of a lens (51) of the 2 D or 3D measuring system (5) a positioning unit with the lens (51) is connected.

5. Test device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Prüfkörperauflage- and rotation unit (3) has at least one guide for changing a distance (D) between the first support body (31) and the second support body (32).

6. Test device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the test device (1) has at least one displacement measuring device for determining a distance (D) between the first support body (31) and the second support body (32).

7. Test device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first support body (31) and / or the second support body (32) has / have an antislip coating or surface structure.

8. Testing device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that over the first support body (31) and / or the second support body (32) at least two O-rings are provided.

9. Test device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the test device (1) has a Prüfkörperortiervorrichtung (10) coupled to the Meßstellenendatenauswer- processing unit (9).

10. Test device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the 1 D or 2 D measuring system (4) and / or the 2! D or 3D measuring system (5) are mounted on a portal (7) of the test device (1) which leads over the test specimen support and rotation unit (3).

11. A method for testing a surface (21) of at least one rotationally symmetric test specimen (2), wherein

the test body (2) is applied to a Prüferköperauflage- and -rotation unit (3) and rotated with this about its axis of rotation (A), and

one the surface (21) of the test piece (2) with a 1 D or 2D measuring system (4) or two-dimensionally and then with a 2V ₂ D or 3 D-measuring system (5) or two and a half is recorded in three dimensions,

characterized,

in that the test body (2) is placed on the first support body (31) rotatable about its axis of rotation (B) and a test body support and rotation unit (3) rotatable about its axis of rotation (C) and between the support bodies (3). 31, 32) is rotated, wherein

at least one angle of rotation (a) of the test piece (2) on the test piece support and rotation unit (3) is determined,

at least one of the support bodies (31, 32) is driven,

position coordinates of at least one measuring point (8) on the test body (2) are determined with a measuring point detection device of the 1D or 2D measuring system (4),

the test body (2) by means of the provided on a carriage unit (6) Prüfkörperauflage- and -rotation unit (3) of the 1 D or 2D measuring system (4) to the 2! D or 3D measuring system (5) is transported,

topographical data of the at least one measuring point (8) are detected by a topography detecting device of the 2V2D or 3D measuring system (5) and detected by the 1D or 2D measuring system (4) and the 2V2D or 3D measuring system (5) Data are transmitted to a measuring point data evaluation unit (9) and evaluated by it with regard to whether at least one defect and / or a structural location is present on the surface (21) of the test body (2) which exceeds at least one predetermined threshold value.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the one- or two-dimensional detection of the specimen (2) is carried out with an imaging system with dark field illumination.

13. The method according to at least one of claims 11 or 12, characterized in that the test body (2) is detected in three dimensions with a 2V2D or an SD topography sensor.

14. The method according to at least one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that a 2> D or 3D measurement of the specimen (2) by height adjustment of at least one lens (51) of the 2! D- or 3D measuring system (5) takes place, wherein in several superimposed planes optical sections are generated, which are evaluated by an algorithm.

15. The method according to at least one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that a distance (D) between the first support body (31) and the second support body (32) with a displacement measuring device (11) is determined.

16. The method according to at least one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that a distance (D) between the first support body (31) and the second support body (32) in dependence of a diameter (d) of the test body (2) is changed.