WO2018192578A1 - 自动移动设备及其超声避障方法 - Google Patents

自动移动设备及其超声避障方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018192578A1
WO2018192578A1 PCT/CN2018/083980 CN2018083980W WO2018192578A1 WO 2018192578 A1 WO2018192578 A1 WO 2018192578A1 CN 2018083980 W CN2018083980 W CN 2018083980W WO 2018192578 A1 WO2018192578 A1 WO 2018192578A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ultrasonic
ultrasonic sensor
mobile device
sensor
state
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PCT/CN2018/083980
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
盛晓初
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Positec Power Tools Suzhou Co Ltd
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Positec Power Tools Suzhou Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0255—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using acoustic signals, e.g. ultra-sonic singals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S15/93—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of intelligent control, and in particular to an automatic mobile device and an ultrasonic obstacle avoidance method thereof.
  • Automated mobile devices can be used automatically in industrial and home products because they can perform tasks automatically according to pre-programmed procedures without human intervention.
  • Industrial applications such as robots that perform various functions, applications on household products such as vacuum cleaners, lawn mowers, and the like.
  • Ultrasonic obstacle avoidance is a widely used obstacle avoidance method for automatic mobile devices.
  • Automatic mobile device An existing ultrasonic obstacle avoidance scheme is to arrange two ultrasonic transducers adjacent to the front end of the device (ie, the front end of the traveling direction). One ultrasonic sensor is only responsible for transmitting ultrasonic signals, and the ultrasonic waves touch the front. Reflection occurs when obstacles are present. Another ultrasonic sensor is only responsible for collecting the reflected reflected wave signal. The automatic mobile device calculates the distance between the device and the obstacle based on the time difference between the transmitted wave signal and the reflected wave signal.
  • Another ultrasonic obstacle avoidance scheme is to place a single ultrasonic sensor at the front end of the device.
  • the ultrasonic sensor transmits an ultrasonic signal and acquires an ultrasonic signal.
  • the ultrasonic sensor transmits ultrasonic waves through a high-voltage pulse. After the pulse is finished, the ultrasonic sensor has a relatively long aftershock. Therefore, the ultrasonic signal collected by the ultrasonic sensor includes a transmitted wave signal and a reflected wave signal.
  • the automatic mobile device calculates the distance between the device and the obstacle based on the time difference between the transmitted wave signal and the reflected wave signal. As mentioned above, the ultrasonic sensor after transmitting the ultrasonic signal will have a relatively long aftershock.
  • the reflected wave signal of the acoustic wave is indistinguishable from the transmitted wave signal, thereby forming the ultrasonic sensor. From the blind spot.
  • the time of aftershocks is different, and the blind areas of ranging are also different.
  • the radius of the blind zone of the generalized ultrasonic sensor's ranging blind zone is greater than 30 cm. Therefore, an automatic mobile device using an ultrasonic sensor as a non-contact obstacle avoidance means cannot determine an obstacle within a short distance from the ultrasonic sensor. In order to avoid collision obstacles, the distance that the automatic mobile device takes the reaction action must be greater than the dead zone radius. Therefore, a single ultrasonic sensor makes the distance between the device and the obstacle relatively long to work, and the close-range area is difficult to work.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an automatic mobile device and an ultrasonic obstacle avoidance method thereof, which can obtain more accurate obstacle orientation information and have a relatively complete obstacle avoidance protection space.
  • the present invention provides an automatic mobile device including an ultrasonic component, the ultrasonic component including at least two ultrasonic sensors, a housing disposed on the housing of the automatic mobile device and facing the automatic mobile device In front of the direction, when the housing is placed on the reference surface, the projection of the axis of the at least two ultrasonic sensors on the reference surface intersects behind the ultrasonic sensor, so that the detection of the ultrasonic sensor coverage
  • the zones have different orientations and are combined into an ultrasonic obstacle avoidance zone in front of the housing.
  • the at least two ultrasonic sensors are arranged symmetrically about a central axis of the housing.
  • the at least two ultrasonic sensors are arranged compactly close to the central axis of the housing.
  • the at least two ultrasonic sensors are discretely arranged on both sides of the central axis of the housing.
  • at least two adjacent ultrasonic sensors have a detection zone that fits neatly, or at least two adjacent ultrasonic sensors have a blank area between the detection zones.
  • At least part of the ultrasonic sensor is an integrated ultrasonic sensor.
  • At least a portion of the ultrasonic sensor is configured to include a first emission state in which the ultrasonic sensor transmits an ultrasonic signal and monitors an ultrasonic signal.
  • the ultrasonic sensor is configured to be in a first emission state at the same time, or the ultrasonic sensor is configured to be in a first emission state in turn.
  • At least a portion of the ultrasonic sensor is configured to include a listening state in which the ultrasonic sensor does not transmit an ultrasonic signal and only listens to an ultrasonic signal.
  • one of the two ultrasonic sensors when there is a common detection zone between at least two ultrasonic sensors, one of the two ultrasonic sensors is in the first emission state, and the other is in the monitoring status.
  • the ultrasonic component includes at least three ultrasonic sensors, and when the third ultrasonic sensor and the first ultrasonic sensor and the second ultrasonic sensor respectively have a common detection zone, the first ultrasonic sensor And the second ultrasonic sensor is configured to include a first emission state, the third ultrasonic sensor configured to include a listening state; and when the first ultrasonic sensor or the second ultrasonic sensor is in the first emission state, The third ultrasonic sensor is in the listening state.
  • the ultrasonic component includes at least three ultrasonic sensors, and when the third ultrasonic sensor and the first ultrasonic sensor and the second ultrasonic sensor respectively have a common detection zone, the first ultrasonic sensor And the second ultrasonic sensor is configured to include a first emission state and a listening state; the third ultrasonic sensor is configured to include a second emission state, in which the ultrasonic sensor transmits an ultrasonic signal without monitoring An ultrasonic signal; the third ultrasonic sensor does not operate when the first ultrasonic sensor and the second ultrasonic sensor are in the first emission state; and when the third ultrasonic sensor is in the second emission state The first ultrasonic sensor and the second ultrasonic sensor are in the listening state.
  • the ultrasonic sensor in the listening state receives the synchronization signal of the ultrasonic sensor in the transmitting state.
  • the ultrasonic component includes at least three ultrasonic sensors, and the third ultrasonic sensor is present when a common detection zone exists between the third ultrasonic sensor and the first ultrasonic sensor and the second ultrasonic sensor, respectively.
  • the ultrasonic sensor is a single-shot or single-shot ultrasonic wave sensor, and the first ultrasonic sensor and the second ultrasonic sensor are ultrasonic sensors that are integrated and transmitted.
  • the distance between the ultrasonic sensor and the front edge of the housing of the automatic mobile device facing the traveling direction of the automatic mobile device is slightly greater than or equal to the size of the detection dead zone of the ultrasonic sensor.
  • the ultrasonic obstacle avoidance area covers the front and at least a portion of the side of the automatic mobile device.
  • the signal waveform of the ultrasonic sensor is elliptical in cross section perpendicular to the advancing direction, and the major axis of the elliptical shape is at an angle of ⁇ 45 degrees from the horizontal plane.
  • the signal waveform of the ultrasonic sensor has an elliptical shape in a vertical section along the advancing direction, and an angle between the major axis of the elliptical shape and the horizontal plane is between ⁇ 30 degrees.
  • the present invention also provides an ultrasonic obstacle avoidance method for an automatic mobile device, the automatic mobile device comprising an ultrasonic component, the ultrasonic component comprising at least two ultrasonic sensors disposed on a housing of the automatic mobile device and facing the automatic In front of the traveling direction of the mobile device, when the housing is placed on the reference surface, the projection of the axis of the at least two ultrasonic sensors on the reference surface intersects behind the ultrasonic sensor, so that the ultrasonic wave
  • the detection zones of the sensors have different orientations and are combined into an ultrasonic obstacle avoidance zone in front of the housing, the method comprising the steps of: causing each ultrasonic sensor to be in a first emission state, respectively, in the first emission state, The ultrasonic signal is transmitted and the ultrasonic signal is monitored; and the distance of the obstacle in each detection area is determined according to the reflected ultrasonic signal monitored by each ultrasonic sensor.
  • each ultrasonic sensor is simultaneously in the first transmitting state, or is in the first transmitting state in turn.
  • At least two adjacent ultrasonic sensors have a detection zone that fits snugly; and/or at least two adjacent ultrasonic sensors have a blank area between the detection zones.
  • the ultrasonic component includes a first ultrasonic sensor and a second ultrasonic sensor, and a common detection zone exists between the first ultrasonic sensor and the second ultrasonic sensor, and the common detection zone is covered
  • the front portion of the traveling direction of the automatic mobile device further comprising the step of: placing the second ultrasonic sensor while the first ultrasonic sensor is in the first emission state or after delaying for a period of time a monitoring state in which no ultrasonic signal is transmitted, only the ultrasonic signal is monitored; and the first ultrasonic sensor is placed in the first ultrasonic state while the second ultrasonic sensor is in the first transmitting state or delayed for a period of time State; determining the distance of the obstacle of each detection zone according to the reflected ultrasonic signal monitored by the ultrasonic sensor in the first emission state and the ultrasonic sensor in the monitoring state.
  • the ultrasonic component includes a first ultrasonic sensor, a second ultrasonic sensor, and a third ultrasonic sensor, and the third ultrasonic sensor and the first ultrasonic sensor and the second ultrasonic sensor respectively have a common a detecting area, wherein the third ultrasonic sensor is in a listening state while the first ultrasonic sensor is in the first transmitting state or after a delay, and in the listening state, the ultrasonic signal is not transmitted, only Monitoring the ultrasonic signal; and placing the third ultrasonic sensor in a listening state while the second ultrasonic sensor is in the first transmitting state or after delaying for a period of time; and the method is based on being in the first transmitting state
  • the ultrasonic sensor and the reflected ultrasonic signal monitored by the ultrasonic sensor in the monitoring state determine the distance of the obstacle in each detection zone.
  • the ultrasonic component includes a first ultrasonic sensor, a second ultrasonic sensor, and a third ultrasonic sensor, and the third ultrasonic sensor and the first ultrasonic sensor and the second ultrasonic sensor respectively have a common a detection area
  • the method further comprising the steps of: causing the first ultrasonic sensor and the second ultrasonic sensor to be in a listening state while the third ultrasonic sensor is in the second emission state or after delaying for a period of time; The second transmitting state, transmitting an ultrasonic signal without monitoring the ultrasonic signal; and the method is determining the common detection area according to the ultrasonic sensor in the second transmitting state and the reflected ultrasonic signal monitored by the ultrasonic sensor in the listening state The distance of the obstacle.
  • the ultrasonic sensor in the listening state receives the synchronization signal of the ultrasonic sensor in the transmitting state.
  • the invention can obtain relatively accurate obstacle orientation information through the layout of the ultrasonic sensor, and has a relatively complete obstacle avoidance protection space. Further, in combination with the configuration and cooperation of the working state of the ultrasonic sensor, the present invention can further improve the resolving power of the obstacle orientation.
  • FIG. 1 is a layout view of an ultrasonic sensor of a first embodiment of the automatic mobile device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a modification of the ultrasonic sensor arrangement diagram of the first embodiment of the automatic mobile device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is another modification of the ultrasonic sensor arrangement diagram of the first embodiment of the automatic mobile device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic obstacle avoidance architecture of the automatic mobile device shown in FIG. 1.
  • Figure 5 is a flow chart of a first embodiment of the ultrasonic obstacle avoidance method of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a flow chart of a second embodiment of the ultrasonic obstacle avoidance method of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a flow chart of a third embodiment of the ultrasonic obstacle avoidance method of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a flow chart of a fourth embodiment of the ultrasonic obstacle avoidance method of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a layout view of an ultrasonic sensor of a second embodiment of the automatic mobile device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10A is a vertical sectional view showing the waveform of the ultrasonic sensor in the advancing direction of an embodiment of the automatic moving apparatus of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the waveform of the ultrasonic sensor of the embodiment of the automatic moving apparatus of the present invention perpendicular to the advancing direction.
  • Fig. 10C is a vertical sectional view showing the waveform of the ultrasonic sensor in the advancing direction of another embodiment of the automatic moving apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a layout view of an ultrasonic sensor of a third embodiment of the automatic mobile device of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a modification of the ultrasonic sensor arrangement diagram of the third embodiment of the automatic mobile device of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is another variation of the ultrasonic sensor layout of the third embodiment of the automatic mobile device of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is another variation of the ultrasonic sensor arrangement diagram of the third embodiment of the automatic mobile device of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a flow chart showing a fifth embodiment of the ultrasonic obstacle avoidance method of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a flow chart of a sixth embodiment of the ultrasonic obstacle avoidance method of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a flow chart showing a seventh embodiment of the ultrasonic obstacle avoidance method of the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is a layout view of an ultrasonic sensor of a fourth embodiment of the automatic mobile device of the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is a flow chart showing an eighth embodiment of the ultrasonic obstacle avoidance method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram showing the state of receiving signals of the ultrasonic component corresponding to different obstacle conditions in the effective detection range of the automatic mobile device of the present invention.
  • Embodiments of the present invention describe an automatic mobile device and an ultrasonic obstacle avoidance method thereof, which can obtain relatively accurate obstacle orientation information with a certain number of ultrasonic sensors, and have a relatively complete obstacle avoidance protection space.
  • the automatic mobile device may be a device for industrial applications, such as a robot performing various functions, or may be a household device such as a vacuum cleaner, a lawn mower or the like.
  • ultrasound as understood by those skilled in the art, is an acoustic wave having a frequency above 20 kHz.
  • the automatic mobile device of the embodiment of the present invention includes an ultrasonic component.
  • the ultrasonic assembly includes a plurality of ultrasonic sensors disposed within the housing of the automatic mobile device and facing forward of the direction of travel of the automated mobile device.
  • the projections of the axes of the plurality of ultrasonic sensors on the reference surface intersect behind the plurality of ultrasonic sensors, so that the detection regions covered by the ultrasonic sensors have different orientations, and in the housing
  • the front side is combined into an ultrasound obstacle avoidance area.
  • "front” should be understood broadly, either directly in front or in front of the side.
  • an ultrasonic sensor can be provided in each traveling direction.
  • the number of ultrasonic sensors is varied, for example, two, three or more.
  • the arrangement of the plurality of ultrasonic sensors in the housing may also be varied on the basis that the projections of the plurality of ultrasonic sensors whose axes are located on the reference surface intersect at the rear of the ultrasonic sensor.
  • a detection zone refers to an area in which an obstacle can be detected.
  • the ultrasonic sensor may be a transceiver integrated sensor that is capable of both transmitting an ultrasonic signal and receiving an ultrasonic signal.
  • the ultrasonic sensor can also be a single-shot sensor that is only responsible for transmitting ultrasonic signals.
  • the ultrasonic sensor can also be a single-receiving sensor that is only responsible for receiving ultrasonic signals.
  • the transceiver sensor can cover a detection area separately; in the detection area, the ultrasonic sensor transmits an ultrasonic signal, and the obstacle in the detection area is judged by the received ultrasonic signal.
  • a single-shot sensor needs to be combined with other sensors capable of receiving ultrasonic signals (such as a transceiver-integrated sensor and/or a single-receiving sensor) to cover a detection zone; in this detection zone, a single-shot ultrasonic sensor transmits an ultrasonic signal, and the like
  • a sensor capable of receiving an ultrasonic signal determines an obstacle in the detection area by the received ultrasonic signal.
  • Single-receiving sensors also need to be combined with other sensors capable of transmitting ultrasonic signals (such as transceiver-integrated sensors and/or single-shot sensors) to cover a detection zone; in this detection zone, other sensors capable of transmitting ultrasonic signals emit ultrasound The signal, the single-receiving ultrasonic sensor determines the obstacle in the detection area by the received ultrasonic signal.
  • a single-receiving or single-shot sensor is combined with a transceiver-integrated sensor to cover a detection area, it is actually a further division of the original detection area of the sensor integrated and transmitted, so that the obstacle can be positioned more accurately.
  • Transceiver sensors can also be combined with each other to form a common detection zone. In the public detection zone, the transceiver can detect obstacles. The common detection zone is actually a further division of the original detection zone of the sensor integrated and transmitted, so that the obstacle can be positioned more accurately.
  • each ultrasonic sensor such as transmitting an ultrasonic signal, receiving an ultrasonic signal, and/or transmitting an ultrasonic signal and receiving an ultrasonic signal, etc., may be configured according to a detection area covered by each ultrasonic sensor.
  • the type, arrangement position, working mode, and the like of the ultrasonic sensor can be flexibly selected according to the needs of the ultrasonic obstacle avoidance area and the obstacle positioning. The details of the various embodiments are described in detail below.
  • the automatic mobile device 10 of the present embodiment includes an ultrasonic component composed of two ultrasonic transducers 11 and 12.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 11 and 12 are both ultrasonic transducers that are integrated and transmitted, and are capable of transmitting ultrasonic signals as well as ultrasonic signals.
  • the two ultrasonic sensors 11 and 12 are disposed inside the housing of the automatic mobile device 10 and face forward of the traveling direction of the automatic mobile device 10. If the automatic mobile device 10 has more than one walking direction, two ultrasonic sensors can be provided in each traveling direction.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 11 and 12 of the present embodiment are substantially symmetrically arranged with respect to the central axis X of the housing of the automatic mobile device 10, and have a certain distance from the central axis X.
  • the front side of the automatic mobile device 10 has two openings (not shown) corresponding to the ultrasonic sensors 11 and 12, respectively.
  • Each ultrasonic sensor has a three-dimensional emission angle range and a reception angle range which are generally olive-shaped by the definition of the opening.
  • the projection of this olive-shaped solid angle range on a horizontal plane is elliptical.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates that the ultrasonic sensor 11 has an elliptical-like range A, and the ultrasonic sensor 12 has an elliptical-like range B. It can be understood that the angles of the ranges A, B are expected to be larger to cover a larger area.
  • angles of the elliptical-like range A and the elliptical-like range B are approximately 80-90 degrees.
  • the vertical section of this olive-shaped solid angle range in the advancing direction is also elliptical, as shown in Fig. 10A.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 11 As the ultrasonic sensor 11 that is integrated and transmitted, there is a detection dead zone in the elliptical range A that is closer to the ultrasonic sensor 11. The same is true for the ultrasonic sensor 12.
  • the distance between the ultrasonic sensors 11, 12 and the housing edge of the automatic mobile device 10 is set to be slightly larger or equal to the size of the detection dead zone.
  • the distance between the ultrasonic sensors 11, 12 and the front edge of the housing of the automatic mobile device 10 facing the direction of travel of the automatic mobile device is set to be slightly larger or equal to the size of the detection dead zone. This distance is based on the performance of the ultrasonic sensor and the size of the device. For example, this distance is approximately 200 mm.
  • the detection range of the ultrasonic sensor 11 and the ultrasonic sensor 12 is generally an area outside the edge of the casing in the elliptical-like range. As shown in FIG. 1, this detection range is similar to a strip shape, and the ultrasonic sensor 11 and the ultrasonic sensor 12 have a left detection area A1 (left oblique lined area in the figure) and a right detection area B1 (right oblique line shadow in the figure). region).
  • the detection ranges of the two ultrasonic sensors may be other shapes, for example, an arc shape. The shape of this detection range can be determined according to factors such as the model and size of the automatic mobile device 10.
  • the two adjacent ultrasonic sensors 11, 12 may be arranged such that the detection zones fit together within a predetermined distance d in front of the automatic mobile device 10.
  • the predetermined distance is related to the obstacle avoidance protection of the automatic mobile device to the front, which will be described later.
  • the detection zones may not fit together within a predetermined distance in front of the automatic mobile device 10.
  • two adjacent left detection areas A2 and right detection areas B2 are in front of the automatic mobile device 10, that is, there is no fit within a predetermined distance d, leaving a blank area N. . It can be understood that the farther the blank area N extends forward, the weaker the obstacle avoidance protection of the automatic mobile device to the front. Therefore, it is desirable that the blank area N be as small as possible to better avoid obstacles.
  • the detection zones may also overlap each other within a predetermined distance d in front of the automatic mobile device 10.
  • a predetermined distance d in front of the automatic mobile device 10.
  • the front side is predetermined by a distance d, thereby forming a new detection area C1 (vertical line hatched area), at which time the left detection area A3 (left oblique line shadow area) and the right detection area B3 (right oblique line shadow area) are correspondingly reduced.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 11, 12 are respectively directed to the left front and the right front such that their axes X1, X2 intersect behind them (relative to the front of the running direction).
  • a complete obstacle avoidance protection area is formed in front of and in front of the automatic mobile device 10, which is shaped like a curved belt, and the curved belt includes a left detection area A3 and a right detection area B3, and may also include a middle detection The area C1 (consisting of the aforementioned overlapping area).
  • the presence of overlapping areas as an independent detection area helps to improve the ability of the device to resolve obstacles.
  • the obstacle avoidance protection area may be other shapes, such as a strip shape. The shape of this obstacle avoidance protection area can be determined according to factors such as the model and size of the automatic mobile device 10.
  • Fig. 10B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the waveform of the ultrasonic sensor of the embodiment of the automatic moving apparatus of the present invention perpendicular to the advancing direction.
  • the long axis a1 of the section of the three-dimensional olive-shaped waveform perpendicular to the advancing direction may have an included angle ⁇ with the horizontal plane.
  • the angle of this angle ⁇ may range between ⁇ 45 degrees, preferably between ⁇ 15 degrees, more preferably 0 degrees. The smaller the angle, the wider the lateral coverage of the three-dimensional olive waveform.
  • Fig. 10C is a vertical sectional view showing the waveform of the ultrasonic sensor in the advancing direction of another embodiment of the automatic moving apparatus of the present invention.
  • the long axis a2 of the vertical section of the three-dimensional olive-shaped waveform along the advancing direction may have an angle ⁇ with the horizontal plane.
  • the angle of this angle ⁇ can be between ⁇ 30 degrees, that is, the angle ⁇ can be either an elevation angle or a depression angle.
  • each of the ultrasonic sensors 11, 12 has a respective ultrasonic wave transmitting processing circuit and ultrasonic wave receiving processing circuit.
  • the ultrasonic wave emission processing circuit of the ultrasonic sensor 11 includes a drive circuit 31a and a transformer 33a.
  • One end of the driving circuit 31a is connected to the controller 30, and receives an activation signal of the controller 30, thereby generating a driving signal of a preset frequency.
  • the drive signal is converted by a voltage of the transformer 33a into an electrical signal suitable for the parameters of the ultrasonic sensor 11.
  • the electrical signal drives the ultrasonic sensor 11 to emit ultrasonic waves of a predetermined frequency.
  • the specific mode of the driving circuit 31a may be a single-ended burst mode or a double-ended push-pull mode, preferably a double-ended push-pull mode.
  • the preset frequency of the drive signal is generally designed according to the hardware parameters of the sensor used. In this embodiment, the preset frequency range is greater than 25 KHz, preferably 57 KHz - 60 KHz, specifically such as 58.5 KHz.
  • the ultrasonic wave transmitting processing circuit of the ultrasonic sensor 12 is the same as the ultrasonic wave transmitting processing circuit of the first ultrasonic sensor 11, and includes a driving circuit 31b and a transformer 33b, which will not be described herein.
  • the purpose of the transformer is to convert the low voltage outputted by the drive circuit into a high voltage input by the ultrasonic sensor. If the obstacle is short-distance, the required sound pressure is relatively low, and it can be directly driven without a transformer.
  • the ultrasonic wave receiving processing circuit of the ultrasonic sensor 11 includes an analog-to-digital conversion unit 35a and a data processing unit 37a.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 11 receives the ultrasonic wave reflected by the obstacle, and converts the ultrasonic wave into an electrical signal and supplies it to the analog-to-digital conversion unit 35a.
  • the analog-to-digital conversion unit 35a converts the analog signal into a digital signal and outputs it to the data processing unit 37a.
  • the data processing unit 37a performs serial processing on the digital signal to obtain the signal 1DC, and transmits 1DC to the controller 30.
  • the controller 30 receives 1 DC and knows the distance of the obstacle based on the analysis of 1DC.
  • the data processing unit 37 mainly includes operations such as filtering, rectifying, sampling, or extracting to achieve a function of shielding the interference signal and/or causing the signal form of the 1DC to conform to the analysis form of the controller 30.
  • the ultrasonic wave receiving processing circuit of the ultrasonic sensor 12 is the same as the ultrasonic wave receiving processing circuit of the ultrasonic sensor 11, and includes an analog-to-digital converting unit 35b and a data processing unit 37b, which will not be described herein.
  • the controller 30 has a synchronization signal therein, and when the ultrasonic sensor 11 transmits the ultrasonic wave, the controller 30 transmits the synchronization signal to the receiving portion of the ultrasonic sensor 12.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 11 starts transmitting ultrasonic waves
  • the ultrasonic sensor 12 starts receiving ultrasonic waves.
  • the controller 30 transmits a synchronization signal to the receiving portion of the ultrasonic sensor 11.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 12 starts transmitting ultrasonic waves
  • the ultrasonic sensor 11 starts receiving ultrasonic waves.
  • the ultrasonic components of the ultrasonic sensors 11, 12 can have different operating modes to match the sensor type and the layout of the detection zone.
  • the ultrasonic component can operate in the first mode of operation.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 11, 12 are configured to have a first launch state.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 11, 12 emit ultrasonic signals and listen to the reflected ultrasonic signals.
  • a typical ultrasonic signal is in the form of a pulse.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 11, 12 will monitor the ultrasonic signal emitted by themselves, the oscillation of the ultrasonic signal attenuates the residual wave, and the echo reflected by the environmental obstacle.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 11, 12 are in the first emission state, the detection of obstacles in the respective detection zones will be achieved.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 11 will be able to detect an obstacle from its left detection zone and the ultrasonic sensor 12 will be able to detect an obstacle from its right detection zone.
  • This mode of operation is suitable for the case where the detection areas of the ultrasonic sensors 11, 12 are not overlapped in front of the automatic mobile device, such as the case shown in Figs. It can of course be understood that when the detection areas of the plurality of ultrasonic sensors are only partially overlapped within a predetermined distance in front of the automatic mobile device (for example, the overlapping area is significantly less than that shown in FIG. 3), the accurate positioning of the obstacles in the overlapping area is not Very important, this mode of work is also applicable at this time.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 11, 12 can be configured to be in the first emission state at the same time, or can be configured to be in the first emission state in turn.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 11, 12 are configured to take turns in the first emission state, there is preferably a sufficient time interval between them so that the ultrasonic signals do not interfere with each other.
  • the time interval of the emission states of the ultrasonic sensors 11, 12 is allowed to be short, and the interference of the ultrasonic signals is overcome by anti-interference means.
  • the ultrasonic obstacle avoidance method using the first mode of operation is exemplified below.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the ultrasonic obstacle avoidance method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the ultrasonic obstacle avoidance method of the present embodiment can be implemented in the first embodiment of the automatic walking apparatus or a variation thereof. Referring to FIG. 5, the method of this embodiment includes the following steps:
  • Step 51 the two ultrasonic sensors are simultaneously in a first transmitting state, in which the ultrasonic signal is transmitted and the ultrasonic signal is monitored;
  • Step 52 Determine the distance of the obstacle of each detection area according to the reflected ultrasonic signal monitored by the two ultrasonic sensors.
  • step 52 the distance of the obstacle reflecting the ultrasonic wave is calculated based on the difference between the time at which the ultrasonic sensor transmits the ultrasonic signal and the time at which the reflected ultrasonic signal is sensed, in conjunction with the speed of the ultrasonic signal. This calculation process can be performed in the controller 30 that connects the ultrasonic sensors.
  • the ultrasonic obstacle avoidance method of the present embodiment can be implemented in the first embodiment of the automatic walking apparatus or a variation thereof. Referring to FIG. 6, the method of this embodiment includes the following steps:
  • Step 61 the two ultrasonic sensors are rotated in a first emission state, in which the ultrasonic signal is transmitted and the ultrasonic signal is monitored;
  • Step 62 Determine the distance of the obstacles of the two detection areas according to the reflected ultrasonic signals monitored by the two ultrasonic sensors.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 11 can be placed in the first emission state, and the ultrasonic sensor 12 is placed in the first emission state, and thus circulated.
  • step 62 the distance of the obstacle reflecting the ultrasonic wave is calculated based on the difference between the time at which the ultrasonic sensor transmits the ultrasonic signal and the time at which the reflected ultrasonic signal is sensed, in conjunction with the speed of the ultrasonic signal. This calculation process can be performed in the controller 30 that connects the ultrasonic sensors.
  • the ultrasonic component can operate in the second mode of operation.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 11, 12 are configured to have the aforementioned first emission state
  • the ultrasonic sensors 11, 12 are configured to have a listening state.
  • the ultrasonic sensor does not emit an ultrasonic signal and only monitors the ultrasonic signal.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 11 is in the first emission state and the ultrasonic sensor 12 is in the listening state, it is detected whether the obstacle is in the left detection zone A3 or the middle detection zone C1.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 12 is in the first emission state and the ultrasonic sensor 11 is in the listening state, it will detect whether the obstacle is in the right detection zone B3 or the middle detection zone C1.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 11, 12 may be configured such that the ultrasonic sensor 11 is first in the first emission state and the ultrasonic sensor 12 is in the listening state at the same time or after a delay; and then the ultrasonic sensor 12 is in the first emission state and the ultrasonic wave The sensor 11 is in a listening state at the same time or after a delay.
  • the delay time should ensure that the monitored sensor still receives the ultrasonic echo signal in time.
  • the ultrasonic obstacle avoidance method using the second mode of operation is exemplified below.
  • the ultrasonic obstacle avoidance method of the present embodiment can be implemented in the autonomous walking apparatus of the first embodiment or other variations. Referring to FIG. 7, the method of this embodiment includes the following steps:
  • Step 71 the first ultrasonic sensor is in a first transmitting state, and the second ultrasonic sensor is in a listening state;
  • Step 72 Determine a distance of an obstacle of the left detection area and/or the middle detection area according to the ultrasonic echo signals monitored by the two ultrasonic sensors;
  • Step 73 the second ultrasonic sensor is in the first transmitting state, and the first ultrasonic sensor is in the monitoring state;
  • Step 74 Determine the distance of the obstacle of the right detection area and/or the middle detection area according to the ultrasonic echo signals monitored by the two ultrasonic sensors.
  • the ultrasonic obstacle avoidance method of the present embodiment can be implemented in the autonomous walking apparatus of the first embodiment or other variations. Referring to FIG. 8, the method of this embodiment includes the following steps:
  • Step 81 the first ultrasonic sensor is in a first transmitting state, and the second ultrasonic sensor is in a listening state after being delayed for a period of time;
  • Step 82 Determine a distance of an obstacle of the left detection area and/or the middle detection area according to the ultrasonic echo signals monitored by the two ultrasonic sensors;
  • Step 83 the second ultrasonic sensor is in a first transmitting state, and the first ultrasonic sensor is in a listening state after being delayed for a period of time;
  • Step 84 Determine the distance of the obstacle of the right detection area and/or the middle detection area according to the ultrasonic echo signals monitored by the two ultrasonic sensors.
  • the ultrasonic sensor in the listening state needs to receive time synchronization information from the ultrasonic sensor in the transmitting state, so that the ultrasonic sensor in the listening state can know the ultrasonic signal transmitting timing of the ultrasonic sensor in the transmitting state.
  • the controller 30 has a synchronizing signal, and when the ultrasonic sensor 11 transmits the ultrasonic wave, the controller 30 transmits the synchronizing signal to the receiving portion of the ultrasonic sensor 12.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 11 starts transmitting ultrasonic waves
  • the ultrasonic sensor 12 starts receiving ultrasonic waves.
  • the controller 30 transmits a synchronization signal to the receiving portion of the ultrasonic sensor 11.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 12 starts transmitting ultrasonic waves
  • the ultrasonic sensor 11 starts receiving ultrasonic waves.
  • the automated walking apparatus may have one or more of the various modes of operation described above.
  • FIG. 9 is a layout view of an ultrasonic sensor of a second embodiment of the automatic mobile device of the present invention.
  • the automatic mobile device 10 of the present embodiment includes an ultrasonic component composed of two ultrasonic transducers 11 and 12.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 11 and 12 are both ultrasonic transducers that are integrated and transmitted, and are capable of transmitting ultrasonic signals as well as ultrasonic signals.
  • the two ultrasonic sensors 11 and 12 are disposed inside the housing of the automatic mobile device 10 and face forward of the traveling direction of the automatic mobile device 10. If the automatic mobile device 10 has more than one walking direction, two ultrasonic sensors can be provided in each traveling direction.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 11 and 12 of the present embodiment are close to the central axis X, so that the compact looks like a point on the central axis X. This arrangement makes it easier for the ultrasonic sensors 11 and 12 to process the ultrasonic signals emitted by the other party.
  • the detection areas overlap each other within a predetermined distance in front of the automatic mobile device 10.
  • the detection areas overlap each other within a predetermined distance in front of the automatic mobile device 10.
  • two adjacent left detection areas A4 and right detection areas B4 partially overlap, and the overlapping area covers the predetermined distance d in front of the automatic mobile device 10, thereby forming A new detection zone C2 is reached, at which time the left detection zone A4 and the right detection zone B4 are correspondingly reduced.
  • a complete obstacle avoidance protection area is formed in front of and in front of the automatic mobile device 10, which is shaped like a curved belt, and the curved belt includes a left detection area A4 and a right detection area B4, and may also include a middle detection The area C2 (consisting of the aforementioned overlapping area).
  • the presence of overlapping areas as an independent detection area helps to improve the ability of the device to resolve obstacles.
  • Figure 11 is a layout view of an ultrasonic sensor of an automatic mobile device according to a third embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is the same as the first embodiment, and the following description will omit the same details as the first embodiment.
  • the automatic mobile device 90 of the present embodiment includes an ultrasonic component composed of three ultrasonic transducers 91, 92, and 93.
  • the three ultrasonic sensors 91, 92, and 93 are disposed in the housing of the automatic mobile device 90 and face the front of the traveling direction of the automatic mobile device 90.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 93 can be located on the central axis X of the housing of the automatic moving device 90.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 91 and 92 are arranged substantially symmetrically with respect to the central axis X, and have a certain relationship with the central axis X. The distance thus forms a dispersed arrangement.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 91, 92, and 93 are ultrasonic sensors that are integrated and transmitted, that is, ultrasonic sensors that can transmit ultrasonic signals as well as ultrasonic signals.
  • the front side of the automatic mobile device 90 has three openings (not shown) corresponding to the ultrasonic sensors 91, 92 and 93, respectively.
  • Each ultrasonic sensor has a three-dimensional emission angle range and a reception angle range which are generally olive-shaped by the definition of the opening.
  • the projection of this olive-shaped solid angle range on a horizontal plane is elliptical.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates that the ultrasonic sensor 91 has an elliptical-like range D, the ultrasonic sensor 92 has an elliptical-like range E, and the ultrasonic sensor 93 has an elliptical-like range F. It will be appreciated that the angles of the ranges D, E, F are expected to be larger to cover a larger area.
  • angles of the elliptical-like ranges D, E, F are approximately 80-90 degrees.
  • the cross section of this olive-shaped solid angle range in the advancing direction is also elliptical, as shown in Fig. 10A.
  • the detection range of the ultrasonic sensors 91, 92, and 93 is generally an area outside the edge of the casing in the elliptical-like range. These detection ranges constitute a strip-like area, and the ultrasonic sensors 91, 92, and 93 have a left detection area D1 (left oblique line shadow area), a right detection area E1 (right oblique line shadow area), and a middle detection area F1 (vertical) Line shadow area).
  • the three ultrasonic sensors 91, 92, and 93 may be arranged such that the detection areas are fitted to each other within a predetermined distance d in front of the automatic mobile device 90.
  • the three adjacent left detection areas D1, the right detection area E1, and the middle detection area F1 formed by the ultrasonic sensors 91, 92, and 93 are attached at the center axis X.
  • the predetermined distance d is related to the automatic obstacle avoidance protection action of the automatic mobile device, which will be described later.
  • the detection zones may not be attached to each other within a predetermined distance d in front of the automatic mobile device 10. For example, in the variation shown in FIG.
  • the adjacent left detection area D2 and middle detection area F2, and the right detection area E2 and the middle detection area F2 are in front of the automatic mobile device 10, that is, within a predetermined distance d. No fit, leaving a blank area N. It can be understood that the farther the blank area N extends forward, the weaker the obstacle avoidance protection of the automatic mobile device to the front. Therefore, it is desirable that the blank area N be as small as possible to better avoid obstacles.
  • the detection zones may also overlap each other within a predetermined distance in front of the automatic mobile device 10.
  • the area F3 partially overlaps, and the overlapping area covers the predetermined distance ahead of the automatic mobile device 10, thereby forming a new detection area: the left middle detection area G1 (horizontal oblique line area) and the middle right detection area H1 (horizontal diagonal line shadow) Area), at this time, the left detection area D3, the middle detection area F3, and the right detection area E3 are correspondingly reduced.
  • the above-mentioned three types of bonding, blank area and mutual overlapping can be arbitrarily combined in one ultrasonic component.
  • the detection areas of the ultrasonic sensors 91 and 93 are fitted, and there are blank areas or overlaps between the detection areas of the ultrasonic sensors 92 and 93. Even the detection areas of the ultrasonic sensors that are not adjacent may overlap. In the case of more ultrasonic sensors, and so on.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 91, 92 are respectively directed to the left front and the right front, and the ultrasonic sensors 93 are substantially oriented straight forward such that their axes intersect at their rear (relative to the front of the traveling direction).
  • a complete obstacle avoidance protection area is formed in front of and in front of the automatic mobile device 90, which is shaped like a strip.
  • this strip includes a left detection zone, a middle detection zone and a right detection zone.
  • this strip includes a left detection area, a left middle detection area, a middle detection area, a middle right detection area, and a right detection area.
  • the length of the obstacle avoidance protection area may vary; in addition, the obstacle avoidance protection area may be other shapes such as an arc shape. Therefore, the length and shape of the obstacle avoidance protection area can be determined according to factors such as the model and size of the automatic mobile device 90.
  • Fig. 10B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the waveform of the ultrasonic sensor of the embodiment of the automatic moving apparatus of the present invention perpendicular to the advancing direction.
  • the long axis a1 of the section of the three-dimensional olive-shaped waveform perpendicular to the advancing direction may have an included angle ⁇ with the horizontal plane.
  • the angle of this angle ⁇ may range between ⁇ 45 degrees, preferably between ⁇ 15 degrees, more preferably 0 degrees. The smaller the angle, the wider the lateral coverage of the three-dimensional olive waveform.
  • Fig. 10C is a vertical sectional view showing the waveform of the ultrasonic sensor in the advancing direction of another embodiment of the automatic moving apparatus of the present invention.
  • the long axis a2 of the vertical section of the three-dimensional olive-shaped waveform along the advancing direction may have an angle ⁇ with the horizontal plane.
  • the angle of this angle ⁇ can be between ⁇ 30 degrees, that is, the angle ⁇ can be either an elevation angle or a depression angle.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 91, 92, and 93 may have an ultrasonic sensor that is integrated and received, and a single or single-shot ultrasonic sensor.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 91 and 92 are ultrasonic sensors that are integrated and transmitted, and the ultrasonic sensors 93 are single-shot ultrasonic sensors.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 91 covers the left detection area D4
  • the ultrasonic sensor 92 covers the right detection area E4
  • the ultrasonic sensor 93 is combined with the ultrasonic sensor 91 to cover the left middle detection area G2
  • the ultrasonic sensor 93 is combined with the ultrasonic sensor 92 to cover Center right detection zone H2.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 93 of this modification itself has no medium detection area as compared with the preferred example shown in FIG.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 93 can also be a single-shot ultrasonic sensor, in which case the detection zone coverage is similar to that of FIG.
  • the ultrasonic components of the ultrasonic sensors 91, 92, and 93 can have different operating modes to match the sensor type and the layout of the detection zone.
  • the ultrasonic component can operate in the first mode of operation.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 91, 92 and 93 are configured to have a first launch state.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 91, 92, and 93 emit ultrasonic signals and listen to the reflected ultrasonic signals.
  • a typical ultrasonic signal is in the form of a pulse.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 91, 92, and 93 When monitoring the ultrasonic signal, the ultrasonic sensors 91, 92, and 93 will monitor the ultrasonic signal emitted by themselves, the oscillation of the ultrasonic signal attenuates the aftermath, and the echo reflected by the environmental obstacle.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 91, 92, and 93 When the ultrasonic sensors 91, 92, and 93 are in the first emission state, detection of an obstacle of the respective detection zone will be achieved.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 91 will be able to detect an obstacle from its left detection zone
  • the ultrasonic sensor 92 will be able to detect an obstacle from its right detection zone
  • the ultrasonic sensor 93 will be able to detect an obstacle from the detection zone therein.
  • This mode of operation is suitable for the case where the detection areas of the ultrasonic sensors 91, 92 and 93 do not overlap in front of the automatic mobile device, such as the case shown in Figs. It can of course be understood that when the detection areas of the plurality of ultrasonic sensors are only partially overlapped within a predetermined distance in front of the automatic mobile device (for example, the overlapping area is significantly less than that shown in FIG. 13), the accurate positioning of the obstacles in the overlapping area is not Very important, this mode of work is also applicable at this time.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 91, 92, and 93 can be configured to be in the first transmit state at the same time, or can be configured to be in the first transmit state in turn.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 11, 12 are configured to take turns in the first emission state, there is preferably a sufficient time interval between them so that the ultrasonic signals do not interfere with each other.
  • the time intervals of the emission states of the ultrasonic sensors 91, 92, and 93 are allowed to be short, and the interference of the ultrasonic signals is overcome by anti-interference means.
  • some embodiments of the ultrasonic obstacle avoidance method implemented in the second embodiment of the autonomous apparatus or variations thereof may be similar to the embodiment of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, except that the number of ultrasonic sensors is different.
  • the ultrasonic component can operate in the second mode of operation.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 91, 92, and 93 are configured to have the aforementioned first emission state
  • the ultrasonic sensors 91, 92, and 93 are configured to have a listening state.
  • the ultrasonic sensor does not emit an ultrasonic signal and only monitors the ultrasonic signal.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 92 When the ultrasonic sensor 92 is in the first emission state and the ultrasonic sensor 93 is in the listening state, it will detect whether the obstacle is in the right detection zone E3 or the middle detection zone F3. When the ultrasonic sensor 93 is in the first emission state and the ultrasonic sensors 91 and 92 are both in the listening state, whether the detectable obstacle is in the middle detection zone F3, the left middle detection zone G1 or the middle right detection zone H1.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 91, 92, and 93 may be configured such that the ultrasonic sensor 91 is first in the first transmitting state, the ultrasonic sensor 93 is in the listening state at the same time or delayed for a while, and then the ultrasonic sensor 92 is selected to be in the first transmitting state.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 93 is in the listening state at the same time or delayed for a while; then the ultrasonic sensors 93 and 92 are in the listening state after the ultrasonic sensor 93 is selected to be in the first emission state while being delayed or delayed.
  • the ultrasonic obstacle avoidance method using the second mode of operation is exemplified below.
  • the ultrasonic obstacle avoidance method of the present embodiment can be implemented in the autonomous walking apparatus of the third embodiment or other variations. Referring to FIG. 15, the method of this embodiment includes the following steps:
  • Step 151 the first ultrasonic sensor (91) is in the first transmitting state, and the third ultrasonic sensor (93) is in the listening state;
  • Step 152 Determine the distance of the obstacle of the left detection area and/or the left middle detection area according to the ultrasonic echo signals monitored by the two ultrasonic sensors;
  • Step 153 the second ultrasonic sensor (92) is in the first transmitting state, and the third ultrasonic sensor is in the listening state;
  • Step 154 Determine the distance of the obstacle of the right detection area and/or the middle right detection area according to the ultrasonic echo signals monitored by the two ultrasonic sensors;
  • Step 155 the third ultrasonic sensor (93) is in the first transmitting state, while the first and second ultrasonic sensors (91, 92) are in the listening state;
  • Step 156 Determine the distance of the obstacle in the middle left detection area, the middle detection area, and/or the middle right detection area according to the ultrasonic echo signals monitored by the three ultrasonic sensors.
  • the monitored ultrasonic sensor can be delayed for a period of time and no longer deployed.
  • the ultrasonic assembly can operate in a third mode of operation.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 91 and 92 are configured to have the aforementioned first emission state
  • the ultrasonic sensor 93 is configured to have a listening state.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 91 is in the first emission state and the ultrasonic sensor 93 is in the listening state, it is detected whether the obstacle is in the left detection zone D4 or the left middle detection zone G2.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 92 is in the first emission state and the ultrasonic sensor 93 is in the listening state, it will detect whether the obstacle is in the right detection zone E4 or the middle right detection zone H2.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 91, 92 and 93 can be configured such that the ultrasonic sensor 91 is first in the first transmitting state, the ultrasonic sensor 93 is in the listening state at the same time or delayed, and the ultrasonic sensor 92 is selected to be in the first transmitting state.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 93 is in the listening state at the same time or delayed for a while.
  • the ultrasonic obstacle avoidance method using the third mode of operation is exemplified below.
  • FIG 16 is a flow chart of a method for ultrasonic obstacle avoidance according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the ultrasonic obstacle avoidance method of the present embodiment can be implemented in the autonomous walking apparatus of the third embodiment or other variations. Referring to Figure 16, the method of this embodiment includes the following steps:
  • Step 161 the first ultrasonic sensor (91) is in the first transmitting state, and the third ultrasonic sensor (93) is in the listening state;
  • Step 162 Determine the distance of the obstacle of the left detection area and/or the left middle detection area according to the ultrasonic echo signals monitored by the two ultrasonic sensors;
  • Step 163 the second ultrasonic sensor (92) is in the first transmitting state, and the third ultrasonic sensor is in the listening state;
  • Step 164 Determine the distance of the obstacle of the right detection area and/or the middle right detection area according to the ultrasonic echo signals monitored by the two ultrasonic sensors.
  • the monitored ultrasonic sensor can be delayed for a period of time and no longer deployed.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 91 and 92 are configured to have the aforementioned first emission state and the listening state, and the ultrasonic sensor 93 is configured to have the second emission state, in the second In the transmitting state, the ultrasonic signal is transmitted without monitoring the ultrasonic signal.
  • the detectable obstacle is in the left detection zone or the left middle detection zone.
  • the detectable obstacle is in the right detection zone or the middle right detection zone.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 93 When the ultrasonic sensor 93 is in the second emission state and the ultrasonic sensors 91 and 92 are in the listening state, it is possible to detect whether the obstacle is in the left middle detection area or the middle right detection area.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 91, 92, and 93 may be configured such that the ultrasonic sensors 91 and 92 are simultaneously in the first emission state, thereby detecting whether the obstacle is in the left detection zone or the left middle detection zone or the middle right detection zone or Right detection zone.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 93 is then in the second emission state and the ultrasonic sensors 91 and 92 are in the listening state, thereby detecting whether the obstacle is in the left middle detection area or the middle right detection area.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 91, 92, and 93 may be configured such that the ultrasonic sensors 91 and 92 are in a first emission state in turn, thereby detecting whether the obstacle is in the left detection zone or the left middle detection zone or the middle right detection zone or the right detection zone.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 93 is then in the second emission state and the ultrasonic sensors 91 and 92 are in the listening state, thereby detecting whether the obstacle is in the left middle detection area or the middle right detection area.
  • the ultrasonic obstacle avoidance method using the fourth mode of operation is exemplified below.
  • the ultrasonic obstacle avoidance method of the present embodiment can be implemented in the autonomous walking apparatus of the third embodiment or other variations. Referring to FIG. 17, the method of this embodiment includes the following steps:
  • Step 171 the first ultrasonic sensor (91) is placed in the first transmitting state
  • Step 172 Determine a distance of an obstacle of the left detection area and/or the left middle detection area according to the ultrasonic echo signal monitored by the first ultrasonic sensor;
  • Step 173 the second ultrasonic sensor (92) is placed in the first transmitting state
  • Step 174 Determine a distance of an obstacle of a right detection area and/or a middle right detection area according to the ultrasonic echo signal monitored by the second ultrasonic sensor;
  • Step 175 the third ultrasonic sensor (93) is in the first transmitting state, while the first and second ultrasonic sensors (91, 92) are in the listening state;
  • Step 176 Determine the distance of the obstacle in the middle left detection area and/or the middle right detection area according to the ultrasonic echo signals monitored by the two ultrasonic sensors.
  • the intensity of the ultrasonic signals emitted by the ultrasonic sensors may be different while a plurality of ultrasonic sensors are required to emit ultrasonic signals substantially simultaneously.
  • the controller 30 can further determine which ultrasonic sensor 11 it is from based on the intensity of the ultrasonic signal while improving the accuracy of the positioning.
  • Figure 18 is a layout view of an ultrasonic sensor of an automatic mobile device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is identical to the principle of the third embodiment, and the following description will omit the same details as the third embodiment.
  • the automatic mobile device 90 of the present embodiment includes an ultrasonic component composed of three ultrasonic transducers 91, 92, and 93.
  • the three ultrasonic sensors 91, 92, and 93 are disposed in the housing of the automatic mobile device 90 and face the front of the traveling direction of the automatic mobile device 90.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 93 can be located on the central axis X of the housing of the automatic mobile device 90.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 91 and 92 of the present embodiment may both be close to the center axis X, so that the three ultrasonic sensors are compact in the vicinity of the arrangement center axis X.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 91, 92, and 93 are all ultrasonic sensors that are integrated and received to form respective detection areas D5, E5, and F5.
  • the detection areas may overlap each other within a predetermined distance in front of the automatic mobile device 10. For example, in FIG. 18, due to the elliptical shape of the angle ranges D, E, and F, two adjacent left detection areas D5 and medium detection areas F5, the right detection area E5 and the middle detection area F5 partially overlap.
  • the two non-adjacent left detection areas D5 and right detection areas E5 also partially overlap, and the overlapping area covers a predetermined distance ahead of the automatic mobile device 10, thereby forming a new detection area: the left middle detection area G3, the middle The right detection area H3 and the small detection area I, at this time, the left detection area D5, the middle detection area F5, and the right detection area E5 are correspondingly reduced.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 91 and 92 are ultrasonic sensors that are integrated and received, and the ultrasonic sensor 93 is a single-shot ultrasonic sensor.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 91 covers the left detection area D5, the ultrasonic sensor 92 covers the right detection area E5, the ultrasonic sensor 91 is combined with the ultrasonic sensor 92 to cover the small medium detection area I, and the ultrasonic sensor 93 is combined with the ultrasonic sensor 91 to cover The left middle detection zone G3; the ultrasonic sensor 93 is combined with the ultrasonic sensor 92 to cover the middle right detection zone H3.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 93 may also be a single-shot ultrasonic sensor, and the detection area of this variation is similar.
  • the ultrasonic component can operate in the second mode of operation.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 91, 92, and 93 are configured to have the aforementioned first emission state
  • the ultrasonic sensors 91, 92, and 93 are configured to have a listening state.
  • the ultrasonic sensor does not emit an ultrasonic signal and only monitors the ultrasonic signal.
  • the detectable obstacle is in the left detection zone D5, the left middle detection zone G3 or the small middle detection zone I.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 92 When the ultrasonic sensor 92 is in the first emission state and the ultrasonic sensors 91 and 93 are both in the listening state, the obstacle is detected to be in the right detection zone E5, the right middle detection zone H3 or the small middle detection zone I.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 93 When the ultrasonic sensor 93 is in the first emission state and the ultrasonic sensors 92 and 93 are both in the listening state, whether the detectable obstacle is in the middle detection zone F5, the left middle detection zone G3 or the middle right detection zone H3.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 91, 92, and 93 may be configured such that the ultrasonic sensor 91 is first in the first emission state and the ultrasonic sensors 92 and 93 are in the listening state simultaneously or delayed for a period of time; the ultrasonic sensor 92 is selected first.
  • the ultrasonic sensors 91 and 93 are in the monitoring state while the ultrasonic sensors 91 and 93 are simultaneously or delayed for a while; then the ultrasonic sensors 91 and 92 are in the listening state after the ultrasonic sensor 93 is selected to be in the first emission state while being delayed or delayed.
  • the ultrasonic obstacle avoidance method using the second mode of operation is exemplified below.
  • the ultrasonic obstacle avoidance method of the present embodiment can be implemented in the autonomous walking apparatus of the fourth embodiment or other variations. Referring to FIG. 19, the method of this embodiment includes the following steps:
  • Step 191 the first ultrasonic sensor (91) is in the first transmitting state, and the second and third ultrasonic sensors (93) are in the listening state;
  • Step 192 Determine a distance of an obstacle of the left detection area, the left middle detection area, and/or the small middle detection area according to the ultrasonic echo signals monitored by the three ultrasonic sensors;
  • Step 193 the second ultrasonic sensor (92) is in the first transmitting state, while the first and third ultrasonic sensors are in the listening state;
  • Step 194 determining distances of obstacles of the right detection area, the middle right detection area, and/or the small middle detection area according to the ultrasonic echo signals monitored by the three ultrasonic sensors;
  • Step 195 causing the third ultrasonic sensor (93) to be in the first transmitting state while the first and second ultrasonic sensors (91, 92) are in the listening state;
  • Step 196 Determine the distance of the obstacle of the middle left detection area, the small middle detection area, and/or the middle right detection area according to the ultrasonic echo signals monitored by the three ultrasonic sensors.
  • Other details or variations of this embodiment can be referred to the third embodiment, and are not developed here.
  • the first to fourth embodiments exemplify the case where the ultrasonic sensors in the traveling direction are two or three, but it is understood that the present invention can also be embodied to include more ultrasonic sensors.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram showing the state of receiving signals of the ultrasonic component corresponding to different obstacle conditions in the effective detection range of the automatic mobile device of the present invention.
  • the waveform diagram is only used to indicate the waveform received by the ultrasonic sensor assembly when the obstacle is in different orientations, and does not represent the received signal waveform of the real sensor component.
  • FIG. 20 is an illustration of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3. In the present embodiment, taking the ultrasonic wave emitted by the first ultrasonic sensor 11 as an example, a schematic diagram of the signals received by the first ultrasonic sensor 11 and the second ultrasonic sensor 12 when the obstacle appears in different orientations is illustrated. In the received signal waveform of FIG.
  • a waveform r similar to a rectangle represents self-oscillation after the ultrasonic sensor transmits the ultrasonic wave
  • a waveform b similar to the diamond represents the reflected ultrasonic wave received by the ultrasonic sensor. Since the first ultrasonic sensor 11 emits ultrasonic waves in this embodiment, the received signal schematic of the first ultrasonic sensor 11 always has a waveform a similar to a rectangle.
  • the first ultrasonic sensor 11 emits ultrasonic waves at time t 0.
  • the first ultrasonic sensor 11 receives the reflected ultrasonic waves.
  • the controller 30 determines that there is no obstacle within the effective detection range of the autonomous traveling device 10.
  • the time period from t 0 to t 1 is the effective reception period T described above.
  • the first ultrasonic sensor 11 emits ultrasonic waves at time t 0. During the period from t 0 to t 1 , the first ultrasonic sensor 11 receives the transmitted wave and the second ultrasonic sensor 12 does not receive the reflected ultrasonic wave.
  • the controller 30 determines that there is an obstacle in the left detection area of the autonomous traveling apparatus 10.
  • the first ultrasonic sensor 11 emits ultrasonic waves at time t 0. During the period from t 0 to t 1 , the first ultrasonic sensor 11 does not receive the transmitted wave and the second ultrasonic sensor 12 receives the reflected ultrasonic wave.
  • the controller 30 determines that there is an obstacle in the right detection area of the autonomous traveling apparatus 10.
  • the first ultrasonic sensor 11 emits ultrasonic waves at time t 0.
  • the first ultrasonic sensor 11 and the second ultrasonic sensor 12 receive the reflected ultrasonic waves during the period from t 0 to t 1 .
  • the control module determines that there is an obstacle in the detection zone of the autonomous traveling device 10.
  • the controller 30 determines the orientation of the obstacle according to the different conditions of the ultrasonic waves received by the ultrasonic sensor assembly, thereby controlling the forward direction of the automatic traveling device 10, specifically avoiding obstacles, and improving the efficiency of obstacle avoidance. Specifically, when an obstacle appears in the middle detection area, the control module 30 controls the self-moving robot to retreat, or stops, or turns to the left, or turns to the right, or retreats to the left, or backwards to the right; when the obstacle When appearing in the left detection area, the controller 30 controls the self-moving robot to retreat, or stops, or turns to the right, or reverses to the left; when the obstacle appears in the right detection area, the controller 30 controls the automatic walking device 10 to retreat. Or stop, or turn to the left, or back to the right.

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Abstract

一种自动移动设备及其超声避障方法,可以获得更为准确的障碍物方位信息,并且具有比较完整的避障保护空间。自动移动设备(10)包括超声波组件,该超声波组件包括至少两个超声波传感器(11,12),设置于自动移动设备(10)的壳体且面向自动移动设备(10)的行走方向的前方,当壳体放置在参考面上时,至少两个超声波传感器(11,12)的轴线(X)位于该参考面上的投影相交于超声波传感器(11,12)的后方,从而超声波传感器(11,12)覆盖的检测区(A1,B1)具有不同的朝向,并且在壳体的前方组合成超声避障区域。

Description

自动移动设备及其超声避障方法 技术领域
本发明涉及智能控制领域,尤其是涉及一种自动移动设备及其超声避障方法。
背景技术
随着计算机技术和人工智能技术的不断进步,智能的自动移动设备陆续面世。自动移动设备可根据预先设置的程序自动执行任务,无须人为的干预,因此在工业和家居产品上的应用非常广泛。工业上的应用如执行各种功能的机器人,家居产品上的应用如吸尘器,割草机等。
自动移动设备需要能够感应障碍或者边界,据此停止行走、转向、然后离开。超声避障是自动移动设备广泛使用的避障方式。自动移动设备一种已有的的超声避障方案是在设备前端(即行走方向的前端)相邻地设置两个超声波传感器(ultrasonic transducer),一个超声波传感器仅负责发射超声波信号,超声波碰到前方障碍物时会发生反射。另一个超声波传感器仅负责采集反射回来的反射波信号。自动移动设备根据发射波信号及反射波信号的时间差来计算出设备和障碍物之间的距离。
另一种超声避障方案是在设备前端设置单个超声波传感器。超声波传感器发射超声波信号并采集超声波信号。超声波传感器经由一个高压脉冲进行超声波发射,在脉冲结束后,超声波传感器会有一个比较长时间的余震。因此超声波传感器所采集的超声波信号会包括发射波信号和反射波信号。自动移动设备根据发射波信号及反射波信号的时间差来计算出设备和障碍物之间的距离。如前所述,发射超声波信号后的超声波传感器会有一个比较长时间的余震,在这个余震的时间段内,声波的反射波信号是没有办法跟发射波信号区分的,从而形成超声波传感器的测距盲区。余震的时间不同,测距盲区也相应不同。例如,一般超声波传感器的测距盲区的盲区半径大于30厘米。因此,采用超声波传感器作为非接触式避障手段的自动移动设备无法判断距离超声波传感器较近距离内的障碍物。为了避免碰撞障碍物,自动移动设备采取反应动作的距离必须要大于盲区半径。因此单个超声波传感器使得设备和障碍物之间的距离比较 远才能工作,近距区域很难工作。
上述这两种方案可以获知障碍物大致位于超声波传感器前方,但无法确定障碍物的具体方位。并且这两种方案如果要获得较宽的避障保护范围,需要将超声波传感器靠设备的后端放置,但这容易使超声波传感器被设备上的其他部件遮挡。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供自动移动设备及其超声避障方法,可以获得更为准确的障碍物方位信息,并且具有比较完整的避障保护空间。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种自动移动设备,包括超声波组件,所述超声波组件包括至少两个超声波传感器,设置于所述自动移动设备的壳体且面向所述自动移动设备的行走方向的前方,当所述壳体放置在参考面上时,所述至少两个超声波传感器的轴线位于所述参考面上的投影相交于所述超声波传感器的后方,从而所述超声波传感器覆盖的检测区具有不同的朝向,并且在所述壳体的前方组合成超声避障区域。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述至少两个超声波传感器关于所述壳体的中轴线对称布置。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述至少两个超声波传感器紧凑地靠近在所述壳体的中轴线布置。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述至少两个超声波传感器分散地布置所述壳体的中轴线两侧。在本发明的一实施例中,至少有两个相邻的超声波传感器的检测区恰好贴合,或者至少有两相邻的超声波传感器的检测区之间存在空白区域。
在本发明的一实施例中,至少有两个超声波传感器之间存在公共检测区,且公共检测区覆盖在所述自动移动设备的行走方向的前方部分。
在本发明的一实施例中,至少部分所述超声波传感器为收发一体的超声波传感器。
在本发明的一实施例中,至少部分所述超声波传感器配置为包括第一发射状态,在所述第一发射状态,所述超声波传感器发射超声波信号,并监听超声波信号。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述超声波传感器配置为同时处于第一发射状态, 或者所述超声波传感器配置为轮流处于第一发射状态。
在本发明的一实施例中,至少部分所述超声波传感器配置为包括监听状态,在所述监听状态,所述超声波传感器不发射超声波信号,仅监听超声波信号。
在本发明的一实施例中,当至少有两个超声波传感器之间存在公共检测区时,所述两个超声波传感器的其中之一处于所述第一发射状态时,其中另一处于所述监听状态。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述超声波组件包括至少三个超声波传感器,当第三超声波传感器与第一超声波传感器和第二超声波传感器之间分别存在公共检测区时,所述第一超声波传感器和所述第二超声波传感器配置为包括第一发射状态,所述第三超声波传感器配置为包括监听状态;当所述第一超声波传感器或所述第二超声波传感器处于所述第一发射状态时,所述第三超声波传感器处于所述监听状态。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述超声波组件包括至少三个超声波传感器,当第三超声波传感器与第一超声波传感器和第二超声波传感器之间分别存在公共检测区时,所述第一超声波传感器和所述第二超声波传感器配置为包括第一发射状态和监听状态;所述第三超声波传感器配置为包括第二发射状态,在所述第二发射状态,所述超声波传感器发射超声波信号而不监听超声波信号;当所述第一超声波传感器和所述第二超声波传感器处于所述第一发射状态时,所述第三超声波传感器不工作;当所述第三超声波传感器处于所述第二发射状态时,所述第一超声波传感器和所述第二超声波传感器处于所述监听状态。
在本发明的一实施例中,处于监听状态的超声波传感器,接收处于发射状态的超声波传感器的同步信号。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述超声波组件包括至少三个超声波传感器,当第三超声波传感器与第一超声波传感器和第二超声波传感器之间分别存在公共检测区时,所述第三超声波传感器为单收或者单发的超声波传感器,所述第一超声波传感器和第二超声波传感器为收发一体的超声波传感器。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述超声波传感器与所述自动移动设备的壳体的面向自动移动设备的行走方向的前方的边缘的距离略大于或等于所述超声波传感器的检测盲区的尺寸
在本发明的一实施例中,所述超声避障区域覆盖所述自动移动设备的前方 和至少部分侧方。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述超声波传感器的信号波形垂直于前进方向的截面为类椭圆形,且所述类椭圆形的长轴与水平面的夹角在±45度之间。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述超声波传感器的信号波形沿前进方向的竖直截面为类椭圆形,且所述类椭圆形的长轴与水平面的夹角在±30度之间。
本发明还提出一种自动移动设备的超声避障方法,所述自动移动设备包括超声波组件,所述超声波组件包括至少两个超声波传感器,设置于所述自动移动设备的壳体且面向所述自动移动设备的行走方向的前方,当所述壳体放置在参考面上时,所述至少两个超声波传感器的轴线在所述参考面上的投影相交于所述超声波传感器的后方,从而所述超声波传感器的检测区具有不同的朝向,并且在所述壳体的前方组合成超声避障区域,所述方法包括以下步骤:使各超声波传感器分别处于第一发射状态,在所述第一发射状态,发射超声波信号并监听超声波信号;根据各超声波传感器所监听的反射超声波信号确定各个检测区的障碍物的距离。
在本发明的一实施例中,使各超声波传感器同时处于第一发射状态,或者轮流处于第一发射状态
在本发明的一实施例中,至少有两个相邻的超声波传感器的检测区恰好贴合;以及/或者至少有两相邻的超声波传感器的检测区之间存在空白区域。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述超声波组件包括第一超声波传感器和第二超声波传感器,所述第一超声波传感器和所述第二超声波传感器之间存在公共检测区,且公共检测区覆盖在所述自动移动设备的行走方向的前方部分,所述方法还包括以下步骤:使所述第一超声波传感器处于所述第一发射状态的同时或延迟一段时间后,使所述第二超声波传感器处于监听状态,在所述监听状态,不发射超声波信号,仅监听超声波信号;使所述第二超声波传感器处于所述第一发射状态的同时或延迟一段时间后,使所述第一超声波传感器处于监听状态;根据处于第一发射状态的超声波传感器和处于监听状态的超声波传感器所监听的反射超声波信号,确定各检测区的障碍物的距离。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述超声波组件包括第一超声波传感器、第二超声波传感器以及第三超声波传感器,所述第三超声波传感器与第一超声波传感器和第 二超声波传感器之间分别存在公共检测区,所述方法在使所述第一超声波传感器处于第一发射状态的同时或延迟一段时间后,使所述第三超声波传感器处于监听状态,在所述监听状态,不发射超声波信号,仅监听超声波信号;且在使所述第二超声波传感器处于所述第一发射状态的同时或延迟一段时间后,使所述第三超声波传感器处于监听状态;且所述方法是根据处于第一发射状态的超声波传感器和处于监听状态的超声波传感器所监听的反射超声波信号,确定各检测区的障碍物的距离。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述超声波组件包括第一超声波传感器、第二超声波传感器以及第三超声波传感器,所述第三超声波传感器与第一超声波传感器和第二超声波传感器之间分别存在公共检测区,所述方法还包括以下步骤:使所述第三超声波传感器处于第二发射状态的同时或延迟一段时间后,使所述第一超声波传感器和所述第二超声波传感器处于监听状态;在所述第二发射状态,发射超声波信号而不监听超声波信号;且所述方法是根据处于第二发射状态的超声波传感器和根据处于监听状态的超声波传感器所监听的反射超声波信号确定各公共检测区的障碍物的距离。
在本发明的一实施例中,处于监听状态的超声波传感器,接收处于发射状态的超声波传感器的同步信号。
与现有技术相比,本发明通过超声波传感器的布局,能够获得比较准确的障碍物方位信息,并且具有比较完整的避障保护空间。进一步,结合超声波传感器工作状态的配置和相互配合,本发明能够进一步提高障碍物方位的分辨能力。
附图说明
图1是本发明的自动移动设备的第一实施例的超声波传感器布置图。
图2是本发明的自动移动设备的第一实施例的超声波传感器布置图的一个变化例。
图3是本发明的自动移动设备的第一实施例的超声波传感器布置图的另一个变化例。
图4是图1所示自动移动设备的超声避障架构图。
图5是本发明的超声避障方法的第一实施例的流程图。
图6是本发明的超声避障方法的第二实施例的流程图。
图7是本发明的超声避障方法的第三实施例的流程图。
图8是本发明的超声避障方法的第四实施例的流程图。
图9是本发明的自动移动设备的第二实施例的超声波传感器布置图。
图10A是本发明的自动移动设备的一实施例的超声波传感器的波形沿前进方向的竖直截面示意图。
图10B是本发明的自动移动设备的一实施例的超声波传感器的波形垂直于前进方向的截面示意图。
图10C是本发明的自动移动设备的另一实施例的超声波传感器的波形沿前进方向的竖直截面示意图。
图11是本发明的自动移动设备的第三实施例的超声波传感器布置图。
图12是本发明的自动移动设备的第三实施例的超声波传感器布置图的一个变化例。
图13是本发明的自动移动设备的第三实施例的超声波传感器布置图的另一个变化例。
图14是本发明的自动移动设备的第三实施例的超声波传感器布置图的另一个变化例。
图15是本发明的超声避障方法的第五实施例的流程图。
图16是本发明的超声避障方法的第六实施例的流程图。
图17是本发明的超声避障方法的第七实施例的流程图。
图18是本发明的自动移动设备的第四实施例的超声波传感器布置图。
图19是本发明的超声避障方法的第八实施例的流程图。
图20为本发明的自动移动设备的有效检测范围内障碍物情况不同所对应的超声波组件接收信号情况示意图。
具体实施方式
为让本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂,以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作详细说明。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明,但是本发明还可以采用其它不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施,因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
本发明的实施例描述自动移动设备及其超声避障方法,能够在一定超声波传感器数目的情况下,获得比较准确的障碍物方位信息,并且具有比较完整的避障保护空间。在本发明的上下文中,自动移动设备可为工业上的应用的设备,如执行各种功能的机器人,也可为家居设备,例如吸尘器,割草机等。在本发明的上下文中,超声如本领域技术人员所理解的,是频率高于20KHz的声波。
本发明实施例的自动移动设备包括超声波组件。该超声波组件包括多个超声波传感器,设置在该自动移动设备的壳体内且面向自动移动设备的行走方向的前方。当壳体放置在参考面上时,多个超声波传感器的轴线位于参考面上的投影相交于该多个超声波传感器的后方,从而各超声波传感器覆盖的检测区具有不同的朝向,并且在该壳体的前方组合成超声避障区域。在本发明的上下文中,“前方”应做宽泛理解,可以是正前方,也可以是侧前方。另外,如果自动移动设备具有不止一个行走方向,那么可以在每个行走方向上都设置超声波传感器。
超声波传感器的数量是多种多样的,例如2个,3个或者更多。在满足多个超声波传感器的轴线位于参考面上的投影相交于超声波传感器的后方的基础上,多个超声波传感器在壳体内的布置也可以是多种多样的。
在本发明的上下文中,检测区是指能够检测到障碍物的区域。在本发明的各实施例中,超声波传感器可以是收发一体的传感器,既能够发出超声波信号,也能够接收超声波信号。超声波传感器也可以是单发的传感器,仅负责发射超声波信号。超声波传感器还可以是单收的传感器,仅负责接收超声波信号。这些超声波传感器具有发射角度范围和/或接收角度范围,从而覆盖一个检测区。
具体来说,收发一体的传感器可以单独覆盖一个检测区;在此检测区内,超声波传感器发射超声波信号,并且通过接收的超声波信号判断此检测区内的障碍物。单发的传感器需要与其他能够接收超声波信号的传感器(如收发一体的传感器和/或单收的传感器)组合来覆盖一个检测区;在此检测区内,单发的超声波传感器发射超声波信号,其他能够接收超声波信号的传感器通过接收的超声波信号判断此检测区内的障碍物。单收的传感器也需要与其他能够发射超声波信号的传感器(如收发一体的传感器和/或单发的传感器)组合来覆盖一个检测区;在此检测区内,其他能够发射超声波信号的传感器发射超声波信号,单收的超声波传感器通过接收的超声波信号判断此检测区内的障碍物。当单收 或者单发的传感器与收发一体的传感器组合来覆盖一个检测区时,实际上是对收发一体的传感器的原有检测区的进一步划分,从而能够更准确地定位障碍物。收发一体的传感器也可以相互组合,来形成公共的检测区。在公共检测区内,收发一体的传感器均可以检测到障碍物。公共检测区实际上也是对收发一体的传感器的原有检测区的进一步划分,从而能够更准确地定位障碍物。
可以根据各超声波传感器所覆盖的检测区,来配置各超声波传感器的各种工作模式,例如发射超声波信号、接收超声波信号,以及/或者发射超声波信号并接收超声波信号等。
在本发明的各实施例中,可以根据超声避障区域和障碍物定位的需要,灵活地选择超声波传感器的类型、布置位置、工作方式等。下面详细描述各实施例的细节。
自动移动设备的第一实施例
图1是本发明的自动移动设备的第一实施例的超声波传感器布置图。参考图1所示,本实施例的自动移动设备10包括由两个超声波传感器(ultrasonic transducer)11和12组成的超声波组件。超声波传感器11和12均为收发一体的超声波传感器,既能够发出超声波信号,也能够接收超声波信号。两个超声波传感器11和12设置在自动移动设备10的壳体内且面向自动移动设备10的行走方向的前方。如果自动移动设备10具有不止一个行走方向,那么可以在每个行走方向上都设置两个超声波传感器。本实施例的超声波传感器11和12基本上相对于自动移动设备10的壳体的中轴线X对称布置,且与中轴线X有一定的距离。
自动移动设备10的前侧具有两个开口(图未示),分别对应超声波传感器11和12。通过开口的限定,每个超声波传感器具有一个通常为橄榄形的立体发射角度范围和接收角度范围。这一橄榄形立体角度范围在水平面上的投影为类椭圆形。例如图1示意超声波传感器11具有类椭圆形范围A,超声波传感器12具有类椭圆形范围B。可以理解,期望范围A、B的角度较大以覆盖更大的区域。作为举例,类椭圆形范围A和类椭圆形范围B的角度大约为80-90度。另外,这一橄榄形立体角度范围在前进方向上的竖直截面也为类椭圆形,如图10A所示。
作为收发一体的超声波传感器11,在类椭圆形范围A内距离超声波传感器11较近处会有检测盲区。对于超声波传感器12也是如此。为此,将超声波传感器11、12与自动移动设备10的壳体边缘的距离设置成略大于或等于检测盲区的尺寸。尤其的,将超声波传感器11、12与自动移动设备10的壳体的面向自动移动设备的行走方向的前方的边缘的距离设置成略大于或等于检测盲区的尺寸。这一距离是根据超声波传感器的性能和设备的尺寸而定。举例来说,这一距离大约为200mm。这样,超声波传感器11和超声波传感器12的检测范围通常是类椭圆形范围中位于壳体边缘外的区域。如图1所示,这一检测范围类似于一个条形,超声波传感器11和超声波传感器12分别具有左检测区A1(图中左斜线阴影区域)和右检测区B1(图中右斜线阴影区域)。在未图示的实施例中,两个超声波传感器的检测范围可以是分别其他形状,例如弧线形。这一检测范围的形状可以根据自动移动设备10的机型、尺寸等因素来决定。
两个相邻的超声波传感器11、12可布置为检测区在自动移动设备10前方的预定距离d内相互贴合。例如图1所示,超声波传感器11、12所形成的两个相邻的左检测区A1和右检测区B1在中轴线X处贴合。预定距离与自动移动设备对前方的避障保护作用有关,这将在后文描述。检测区在自动移动设备10的前方预定距离内也可不相互贴合。例如在图2所示的变化例中,两个相邻的左检测区A2和右检测区B2在自动移动设备10的前方的一部分,即在预定距离d内没有贴合,留下空白区域N。可以理解,空白区域N向前延伸得越远,自动移动设备对前方的避障保护越弱。因此希望空白区域N尽量小,以起到更好的避障作用。
检测区在自动移动设备10的前方预定距离d内还可以相互重叠。举例来说,在图3所示的优选例中,由于角度范围A、B的类椭圆形形状,两个相邻的左检测区和右检测区部分地重叠,且重叠区域覆盖自动移动设备10的前方预定距离d,从而形成了新的检测区C1(竖线阴影区域),此时左检测区A3(左斜线阴影区域)和右检测区B3(右斜线阴影区域)相应缩小。在本实施例中,超声波传感器11、12分别朝左前方和右前方,使得它们的轴线X1、X2在它们的后方(相对于行走方向的前方而言)相交。这样,在自动移动设备10的前方和侧前方形成了完整的避障保护区域,其形状类似于弧形带,这一弧形带包括 左检测区A3和右检测区B3,还可包括中检测区C1(由前述的重叠区域构成)。重叠区域作为一个独立的检测区的出现,有助于提高设备对于障碍物的分辨能力。在未图示的实施例中,避障保护区域可以是其他形状,例如条形。这一避障保护区域的形状可以根据自动移动设备10的机型、尺寸等因素来决定。
图10B是本发明的自动移动设备的一实施例的超声波传感器的波形垂直于前进方向的截面示意图。参考图10B所示,立体橄榄形波形垂直于前进方向的截面的长轴a1与水平面可具有一夹角θ。这一夹角θ的角度范围可在±45度之间,优选地在±15度之间,更优选的是0度。夹角越小,立体橄榄形波形的横向覆盖范围广。
图10C是本发明的自动移动设备的另一实施例的超声波传感器的波形沿前进方向的竖直截面示意图。参考图10C所示,立体橄榄形波形沿前进方向的竖直截面的长轴a2与水平面可具有一夹角γ。这一夹角γ的角度范围可在±30度之间,即夹角γ既可以是仰角,也可以是俯角。
图4是图1所示自动移动设备的超声避障架构图,图4中以连线表示各方框之间的信号或电力传递关系。参考图4所示,每个超声波传感器11、12具有各自的超声波发射处理电路和超声波接收处理电路。超声波传感器11的超声波发射处理电路包括驱动电路31a和变压器33a。驱动电路31a的一端连接控制器30,接收控制器30的启动信号,从而产生预设频率的驱动信号。驱动信号经过变压器33a的电压变换,转换成适于超声波传感器11参数的电信号。电信号驱使超声波传感器11发射预定频率的超声波。驱动电路31a的具体模式可以为单端爆发模式或者双端推拉模式,优选的为双端推拉模式。驱动信号的预设频率一般根据所采用的传感器的硬件参数而设计。在该实施例中,预设频率范围大于25KHz,优选为57KHz-60KHz,具体如58.5KHz。在该实施例中,超声波传感器12的超声波发射处理电路和第一超声波传感器11的超声波发射处理电路一样,包括驱动电路31b和变压器33b,此处不再赘述。变压器的用途是将驱动电路输出的低电压变换为超声波传感器输入的高电压,如果短距离避障,需要的发射声压相对低一些,也可以不用变压器而直接驱动。
如图4所示,超声波传感器11的超声波接收处理电路包括模数转换单元35a和数据处理单元37a。超声波传感器11接收到经过障碍物反射回来的超声 波,并将超声波转换成电信号输给模数转换单元35a。模数转换单元35a将模拟信号转换为数字信号,输出给数据处理单元37a。数据处理单元37a对数字信号进行系列处理获得信号1DC,并且将1DC传输给控制器30。控制器30接收1DC,并且根据对1DC的分析获知障碍物的距离。数据处理单元37主要包括滤波、整流、采样或提取等操作,达到屏蔽干扰信号和/或使得1DC的信号形式符合控制器30分析形式的功能。在该实施例中,超声波传感器12的超声波接收处理电路和超声波传感器11的超声波接收处理电路一样,包括模数转换单元35b和数据处理单元37b,此处不再赘述。
优选的,控制器30内有同步信号,在超声波传感器11发射超声波时,控制器30将同步信号发射给超声波传感器12的接收部分。超声波传感器11启动发射超声波时,超声波传感器12启动接收超声波。同理,在超声波传感器12发射超声波时,控制器30将同步信号发送给超声波传感器11的接收部分。超声波传感器12启动发射超声波时,超声波传感器11启动接收超声波。
超声波传感器11、12组成的超声波组件,可具有不同的工作模式,以配合其传感器类型和检测区的布局。
对于图1、图2所示的检测区布局,超声波组件可工作在第一种工作模式。在第一种工作模式中,超声波传感器11、12配置为具有一种第一发射状态。在第一发射状态,超声波传感器11、12发射超声波信号并监听反射的超声波信号。典型的超声波信号是脉冲的形式。在监听超声波信号时,超声波传感器11、12将会监听到自身发出的超声波信号,这一超声波信号的震荡衰减余波,以及环境障碍物反射的回波。当超声波传感器11、12处于第一发射状态时,将可实现各自的检测区的障碍物的检测。例如超声波传感器11将能检测到来自其左检测区的障碍物,超声波传感器12将能检测到来自其右检测区的障碍物。这一工作模式适合于超声波传感器11、12的检测区在自动移动设备的前方没有重叠的情况,例如图1、图2所示的情况。当然可以理解,在多个超声波传感器的检测区仅在自动移动设备的前方预定距离内少部分重叠(例如重叠区域明显少于图3所示)时,对重叠区域的障碍物的准确定位并不是非常重要的,此时这一工作模式也可适用。在这一工作模式中,超声波传感器11、12既可以配置为同时处于第一发射状态,也可以配置为轮流处于第一发射状态。当超声 波传感器11、12配置为轮流处于第一发射状态时,它们之间优选有足够的时间间隔,使得超声波信号不会相互干扰。在其他实施例中,允许超声波传感器11、12的发射状态的时间间隔很短,而通过抗干扰手段来克服超声波信号的干扰。
下面例举使用第一工作模式的超声避障方法。
图5是本发明第一实施例的超声避障方法流程图。本实施例的超声避障方法可以在自动行走设备的第一实施例或者其变化例中实施。参考图5所示,本实施例的方法包括下列步骤:
步骤51,使两个超声波传感器同时处于第一发射状态,在该第一发射状态,发射超声波信号并监听超声波信号;
步骤52,根据两个超声波传感器所监听的反射超声波信号确定各个检测区的障碍物的距离。
在步骤52中,根据超声波传感器发射超声波信号的时刻与监听到反射超声波信号的时刻的差,结合超声波信号的速度,计算出反射了该超声波的障碍物的距离。这一计算过程可以在连接各超声波传感器的控制器30内进行。
图6是本发明第二实施例的超声避障方法流程图。本实施例的超声避障方法可以在自动行走设备的第一实施例或者其变化例中实施。参考图6所示,本实施例的方法包括下列步骤:
步骤61,使两个超声波传感器轮流处于第一发射状态,在该第一发射状态,发射超声波信号并监听超声波信号;
步骤62,根据两个超声波传感器所监听的反射超声波信号确定两个检测区的障碍物的距离。
在步骤61中,可以使超声波传感器11处于第一发射状态,再使超声波传感器12处于第一发射状态,如此循环。
在步骤62中,将根据超声波传感器发射超声波信号的时刻与监听到反射超声波信号的时刻的差,结合超声波信号的速度,计算出反射了该超声波的障碍物的距离。这一计算过程可以在连接各超声波传感器的控制器30内进行。
对于图3所示的检测区布局,超声波组件可工作在第二种工作模式。在第二种工作模式中,超声波传感器11、12配置为具有前述的第一发射状态,并且超声波传感器11、12配置为具有一种监听状态。在监听状态,超声波传感 器不发射超声波信号,仅监听超声波信号。当超声波传感器11处于第一发射状态时而超声波传感器12处于监听状态时,将可检测障碍物是在左检测区A3还是在中检测区C1。当超声波传感器12处于第一发射状态,而超声波传感器11处于监听状态,将检测障碍物是在右检测区B3还是在中检测区C1。在这一工作模式中,超声波传感器11、12可以配置为超声波传感器11先处于第一发射状态而超声波传感器12同时或延迟一段时间后处于监听状态;再让超声波传感器12处于第一发射状态而超声波传感器11同时或延迟一段时间后处于监听状态。在此,延迟的时间应保证监听的传感器仍及时收到超声回波信号。
下面例举使用第二工作模式的超声避障方法。
图7是本发明第三实施例的超声避障方法流程图。本实施例的超声避障方法可以在第一实施例的自动行走设备或者其它变化例中实施。参考图7所示,本实施例的方法包括下列步骤:
步骤71,使第一超声波传感器处于第一发射状态,同时第二超声波传感器处于监听状态;
步骤72,根据两个超声波传感器所监听的超声回波信号确定左检测区和/或中检测区的障碍物的距离;
步骤73,使第二超声波传感器处于第一发射状态,同时第一超声波传感器处于监听状态;
步骤74,根据两个超声波传感器所监听的超声回波信号确定右检测区和/或中检测区的障碍物的距离。
图8是本发明第四实施例的超声避障方法流程图。本实施例的超声避障方法可以在第一实施例的自动行走设备或者其它变化例中实施。参考图8所示,本实施例的方法包括下列步骤:
步骤81,使第一超声波传感器处于第一发射状态,延迟一段时间后第二超声波传感器处于监听状态;
步骤82,根据两个超声波传感器所监听的超声回波信号确定左检测区和/或中检测区的障碍物的距离;
步骤83,使第二超声波传感器处于第一发射状态,延迟一段时间后第一超声波传感器处于监听状态;
步骤84,根据两个超声波传感器所监听的超声回波信号确定右检测区和/或中检测区的障碍物的距离。
在上述的各种工作模式中,处于监听状态的超声波传感器需要从处于发射状态的超声波传感器接收时间同步信息,从而使得监听状态的超声波传感器能够获知发射状态的超声波传感器的超声波信号发射时刻。回到图4所示,优选的,控制器30内有同步信号,在超声波传感器11发射超声波时,控制器30将同步信号发送给超声波传感器12的接收部分。超声波传感器11启动发射超声波时,超声波传感器12启动接收超声波。同理,在超声波传感器12发射超声波时,控制器30将同步信号发送给超声波传感器11的接收部分。超声波传感器12启动发射超声波时,超声波传感器11启动接收超声波。
可以理解,根据超声波传感器的布置,自动行走设备可具有上述各种工作模式中的一种或多种。
自动移动设备的第二实施例
图9是本发明的自动移动设备的第二实施例的超声波传感器布置图。参考图9所示,本实施例的自动移动设备10包括由两个超声波传感器(ultrasonic transducer)11和12组成的超声波组件。超声波传感器11和12均为收发一体的超声波传感器,既能够发出超声波信号,也能够接收超声波信号。两个超声波传感器11和12设置在自动移动设备10的壳体内且面向自动移动设备10的行走方向的前方。如果自动移动设备10具有不止一个行走方向,那么可以在每个行走方向上都设置两个超声波传感器。与前一实施例相比,本实施例的超声波传感器11和12靠近中轴线X,从而紧凑在中轴线X上看起来像一个点。这种布置方式,让超声波传感器11和12在处理对方发射的超声波信号时更加简单。
在本实施例中,检测区在自动移动设备10的前方预定距离内相互重叠。举例来说,由于角度范围A、B的类椭圆形形状,两个相邻的左检测区A4和右检测区B4部分地重叠,且重叠区域覆盖自动移动设备10的前方预定距离d,从而形成了新的检测区C2,此时左检测区A4和右检测区B4相应缩小。这样,在自动移动设备10的前方和侧前方形成了完整的避障保护区域,其形状类似于弧形带,这一弧形带包括左检测区A4和右检测区B4,还可包括中检测区 C2(由前述的重叠区域构成)。重叠区域作为一个独立的检测区的出现,有助于提高设备对于障碍物的分辨能力。
本实施例的其他细节可以参考第一实施例,在此不再展开。
自动移动设备的第三实施例
图11是本发明第三实施例的自动移动设备的超声波传感器布置图。本实施例与第一实施例的原理相同,下文的描述将略去与第一实施例相同的细节。
参考图11所示,本实施例的自动移动设备90包括由三个超声波传感器(ultrasonic transducer)91、92和93组成的超声波组件。三个超声波传感器91、92和93设置在自动移动设备90的壳体内且面向自动移动设备90的行走方向的前方。在此,超声波传感器93可位于自动移动设备90的壳体的中轴线X上,在本实施例中,超声波传感器91和92基本上相对于中轴线X对称布置,且与中轴线X有一定的距离,从而形成分散排列。
超声波传感器91、92和93均为收发一体的超声波传感器,即既能够发射超声波信号,也能够接收超声波信号的超声波传感器。
自动移动设备90的前侧具有三个开口(图未示),分别对应超声波传感器91、92和93。通过开口的限定,每个超声波传感器具有一个通常为橄榄形的立体发射角度范围和接收角度范围。这一橄榄形立体角度范围在水平面上的投影为类椭圆形。例如图11示意超声波传感器91具有类椭圆形范围D,超声波传感器92具有类椭圆形范围E,超声波传感器93具有类椭圆形范围F。可以理解,期望范围D、E、F的角度较大以覆盖更大的区域。作为举例,类椭圆形范围D、E、F的角度大约为80-90度。另外,这一橄榄形立体角度范围在前进方向上的截面也为类椭圆形,参考图10A所示。
超声波传感器91、92和93的检测范围通常是类椭圆形范围中位于壳体边缘外的区域。这些检测范围构成一个类似条形的区域,超声波传感器91、92和93分别具有左检测区D1(左斜线阴影区域)、右检测区E1(右斜线阴影区域)和中检测区F1(竖线阴影区域)。
三个超声波传感器91、92和93可布置为检测区在自动移动设备90前方的预定距离d内相互贴合。例如图11所示,超声波传感器91、92和93所形成的三个相邻的左检测区D1、右检测区E1和中检测区F1在中轴线X处贴合。 预定距离d与自动移动设备对前方的避障保护作用有关,这将在后文描述。检测区在自动移动设备10的前方预定距离d内也可不相互贴合。例如在图12所示的变化例中,相邻的左检测区D2和中检测区F2,以及右检测区E2和中检测区F2在自动移动设备10的前方的一部分,即在预定距离d内没有贴合,留下空白区域N。可以理解,空白区域N向前延伸得越远,自动移动设备对前方的避障保护越弱。因此希望空白区域N尽量小,以起到更好的避障作用。
检测区在自动移动设备10的前方预定距离内还可以相互重叠。举例来说,在图13所示的优选例中,由于角度范围D、E和F的类椭圆形形状,两个相邻的左检测区D3和中检测区F3,右检测区E3和中检测区F3部分地重叠,且重叠区域覆盖自动移动设备10的前方预定距离,从而形成了新的检测区:左中检测区G1(横斜线阴影区域)和中右检测区H1(横斜线阴影区域),此时左检测区D3、中检测区F3和右检测区E3相应缩小。
可以理解,上述的贴合、存在空白区域和相互重叠三种关系,可以任意组合于一个超声波组件中。例如超声波传感器91和93的检测区贴合,而超声波传感器92和93的检测区之间存在空白区域或者重叠。甚至,不相邻的超声波传感器的检测区之间也可以重叠。在更多超声波传感器的例子中,以此类推。
在本实施例中,超声波传感器91、92分别朝左前方和右前方,超声波传感器93基本朝向正前方,使得它们的轴线在它们的后方(相对于行走方向的前方而言)相交。这样,在自动移动设备90的前方和侧前方形成了完整的避障保护区域,其形状类似于条形带。在图11、12中,这一条形带包括左检测区、中检测区和右检测区。在图13中,这一条形带包括左检测区、左中检测区、中检测区、中右检测区和右检测区。在未图示的实施例中,避障保护区域的长度可以变化;另外,避障保护区域可以是其他形状,例如弧形。因此这一避障保护区域的长度和形状可以根据自动移动设备90的机型、尺寸等因素来决定。
图10B是本发明的自动移动设备的一实施例的超声波传感器的波形垂直于前进方向的截面示意图。参考图10B所示,立体橄榄形波形垂直于前进方向的截面的长轴a1与水平面可具有一夹角θ。这一夹角θ的角度范围可在±45度之间,优选地在±15度之间,更优选的是0度。夹角越小,立体橄榄形波形的横向 覆盖范围广。
图10C是本发明的自动移动设备的另一实施例的超声波传感器的波形沿前进方向的竖直截面示意图。参考图10C所示,立体橄榄形波形沿前进方向的竖直截面的长轴a2与水平面可具有一夹角γ。这一夹角γ的角度范围可在±30度之间,即夹角γ既可以是仰角,也可以是俯角。
在本实施例的其他变化例中,超声波传感器91、92和93中可以有收发一体的超声波传感器,也有单发或单收的超声波传感器。例如参考图14所示,超声波传感器91和92是收发一体的超声波传感器,超声波传感器93是单收的超声波传感器。在此变化例中,超声波传感器91覆盖左检测区D4,超声波传感器92覆盖右检测区E4;超声波传感器93与超声波传感器91组合,覆盖左中检测区G2;超声波传感器93与超声波传感器92组合,覆盖中右检测区H2。与图13所示优选例相比,此变化例的超声波传感器93本身没有中检测区。超声波传感器93也可以是单发的超声波传感器,此时其检测区覆盖与图14类似。
可以理解,上面对超声波传感器的器件类型的和检测区布置方案仅仅是示例的,本领域技术人员可以想到更多的示例。
超声波传感器91、92和93组成的超声波组件,可具有不同的工作模式,以配合其传感器类型和检测区的布局。对于图11-12所示的检测区布局,超声波组件可工作在第一种工作模式。在第一种工作模式中,超声波传感器91、92和93配置为具有一种第一发射状态。在第一发射状态,超声波传感器91、92和93发射超声波信号并监听反射的超声波信号。典型的超声波信号是脉冲的形式。在监听超声波信号时,超声波传感器91、92和93将会监听到自身发出的超声波信号,这一超声波信号的震荡衰减余波,以及环境障碍物反射的回波。当超声波传感器91、92和93处于第一发射状态时,将可实现各自的检测区的障碍物的检测。例如超声波传感器91将能检测到来自其左检测区的障碍物,超声波传感器92将能检测到来自其右检测区的障碍物,超声波传感器93将能检测到来自其中检测区的障碍物。这一工作模式适合于超声波传感器91、92和93的检测区在自动移动设备的前方没有重叠的情况,例如图11、图12所示的情况。当然可以理解,在多个超声波传感器的检测区仅在自动移动设备的前 方预定距离内少部分重叠(例如重叠区域明显少于图13所示)时,对重叠区域的障碍物的准确定位并不是非常重要的,此时这一工作模式也可适用。在这一工作模式中,超声波传感器91、92和93既可以配置为同时处于第一发射状态,也可以配置为轮流处于第一发射状态。当超声波传感器11、12配置为轮流处于第一发射状态时,它们之间优选有足够的时间间隔,使得超声波信号不会相互干扰。在其他实施例中,允许超声波传感器91、92和93的发射状态的时间间隔很短,而通过抗干扰手段来克服超声波信号的干扰。
根据第一工作模式,在自动行走设备的第二实施例或者其变化例中实施的一些超声避障方法的实施例,可以是类似图5、图6的实施例,只是超声波传感器的数量有所不同。
对于图13所示的检测区布局,超声波组件可工作在第二种工作模式。在第二种工作模式中,超声波传感器91、92和93配置为具有前述的第一发射状态,并且超声波传感器91、92和93配置为具有一种监听状态。在监听状态,超声波传感器不发射超声波信号,仅监听超声波信号。当超声波传感器91处于第一发射状态而超声波传感器93处于监听状态时,将可检测障碍物是在左检测区D3还是在中检测区F3。当超声波传感器92处于第一发射状态,而超声波传感器93处于监听状态,将检测障碍物是在右检测区E3还是在中检测区F3。当超声波传感器93处于第一发射状态而超声波传感器91和92均处于监听状态时,将可检测障碍物是在中检测区F3、左中检测区G1还是在中右检测区H1。在这一工作模式中,超声波传感器91、92和93可以配置为超声波传感器91先处于第一发射状态,超声波传感器93同时或延迟一段时间处于监听状态,再选择超声波传感器92处于第一发射状态而超声波传感器93同时或延迟一段时间处于监听状态;然后选择超声波传感器93处于第一发射状态而同时或延迟一段时间后,超声波传感器91和92处于监听状态。
下面例举使用第二工作模式的超声避障方法。
图15是本发明第五实施例的超声避障方法流程图。本实施例的超声避障方法可以在第三实施例的自动行走设备或者其它变化例中实施。参考图15所示,本实施例的方法包括下列步骤:
步骤151,使第一超声波传感器(91)处于第一发射状态,同时第三超声 波传感器(93)处于监听状态;
步骤152,根据两个超声波传感器所监听的超声回波信号确定左检测区和/或左中检测区的障碍物的距离;
步骤153,使第二超声波传感器(92)处于第一发射状态,同时第三超声波传感器处于监听状态;
步骤154,根据两个超声波传感器所监听的超声回波信号确定右检测区和/或中右检测区的障碍物的距离;
步骤155,使第三超声波传感器(93)处于第一发射状态,同时第一和第二超声波传感器(91、92)处于监听状态;以及
步骤156,根据三个超声波传感器所监听的超声回波信号确定中左检测区、中检测区和/或中右检测区的障碍物的距离。
类似于图8,在另一实施例中,监听的超声波传感器可以延迟一段时间监听,在此不再展开。
对于图14所示的检测区布局,超声波组件可工作在第三种工作模式。在第三种工作模式中,超声波传感器91和92配置为具有前述的第一发射状态,并且超声波传感器93配置为具有一种监听状态。当超声波传感器91处于第一发射状态而超声波传感器93处于监听状态时,将可检测障碍物是在左检测区D4还是在左中检测区G2。当超声波传感器92处于第一发射状态,而超声波传感器93处于监听状态,将检测障碍物是在右检测区E4还是在中右检测区H2。在这一工作模式中,超声波传感器91、92和93可以配置为先超声波传感器91先处于第一发射状态,超声波传感器93同时或延迟一段时间处于监听状态,再选择超声波传感器92处于第一发射状态而超声波传感器93同时或延迟一段时间处于监听状态。
下面例举使用第三工作模式的超声避障方法。
图16是本发明第六实施例的超声避障方法流程图。本实施例的超声避障方法可以在第三实施例的自动行走设备或者其它变化例中实施。参考图16所示,本实施例的方法包括下列步骤:
步骤161,使第一超声波传感器(91)处于第一发射状态,同时第三超声波传感器(93)处于监听状态;
步骤162,根据两个超声波传感器所监听的超声回波信号确定左检测区和/或左中检测区的障碍物的距离;
步骤163,使第二超声波传感器(92)处于第一发射状态,同时第三超声波传感器处于监听状态;
步骤164,根据两个超声波传感器所监听的超声回波信号确定右检测区和/或中右检测区的障碍物的距离。
类似于图8,在另一实施例中,监听的超声波传感器可以延迟一段时间监听,在此不再展开。
作为第三种工作模式的变化,在第四种工作模式中,超声波传感器91和92配置为具有前述的第一发射状态和监听状态,并且超声波传感器93配置为具有第二发射状态,在第二发射状态,发射超声波信号而不监听超声波信号。当超声波传感器91处于第一发射状态,将可检测障碍物是在左检测区或左中检测区。当超声波传感器92处于第一发射状态,将可检测障碍物是在右检测区或中右检测区。当超声波传感器93处于第二发射状态而超声波传感器91和92处于监听状态,将可检测障碍物是在左中检测区还是在中右检测区。在这一工作模式中,超声波传感器91、92和93可以配置为超声波传感器91和92同时处于第一发射状态,从而检测障碍物是在左检测区或左中检测区还是在中右检测区或右检测区。然后超声波传感器93处于第二发射状态而超声波传感器91和92处于监听状态,从而检测障碍物是在左中检测区还是在中右检测区。或者超声波传感器91、92和93也可以配置为超声波传感器91和92轮流处于第一发射状态,从而检测障碍物是在左检测区或左中检测区还是在中右检测区或右检测区。然后超声波传感器93处于第二发射状态而超声波传感器91和92处于监听状态,从而检测障碍物是在左中检测区还是在中右检测区。
下面例举使用第四工作模式的超声避障方法。
图17是本发明第七实施例的超声避障方法流程图。本实施例的超声避障方法可以在第三实施例的自动行走设备或者其它变化例中实施。参考图17所示,本实施例的方法包括下列步骤:
步骤171,使第一超声波传感器(91)处于第一发射状态;
步骤172,根据第一超声波传感器所监听的超声回波信号确定左检测区和/ 或左中检测区的障碍物的距离;
步骤173,使第二超声波传感器(92)处于第一发射状态;
步骤174,根据第二超声波传感器所监听的超声回波信号确定右检测区和/或中右检测区的障碍物的距离;
步骤175,使第三超声波传感器(93)处于第一发射状态,同时第一和第二超声波传感器(91、92)处于监听状态;以及
步骤176,根据两个超声波传感器所监听的超声回波信号确定中左检测区、和/或中右检测区的障碍物的距离。
另外,在需要多个超声波传感器基本上同时发射超声波信号的同时,各超声波传感器所发出的超声波信号的强度可以不同。这样,控制器30还能够进一步根据超声波信号的强度判断其是来自哪一超声波传感器11,同时提高定位的精确性。
自动移动设备的第四实施例
图18是本发明第四实施例的自动移动设备的超声波传感器布置图。本实施例与第三实施例的原理相同,下文的描述将略去与第三实施例相同的细节。
参考图18所示,本实施例的自动移动设备90包括由三个超声波传感器(ultrasonic transducer)91、92和93组成的超声波组件。三个超声波传感器91、92和93设置在自动移动设备90的壳体内且面向自动移动设备90的行走方向的前方。在此,超声波传感器93可位于自动移动设备90的壳体的中轴线X上。与前一实施例相比,本实施例的超声波传感器91和92可均靠近中轴线X,从而3个超声波传感器紧凑在布置中轴线X附近。超声波传感器91、92和93均是收发一体的超声波传感器,形成各自的检测区D5、E5和F5。在本实施例中,检测区在自动移动设备10的前方预定距离内可以相互重叠。举例来说,在图18中,由于角度范围D、E和F的类椭圆形形状,两个相邻的左检测区D5和中检测区F5,右检测区E5和中检测区F5部分地重叠,并且两个不相邻的左检测区D5和右检测区E5也部分地重叠,且重叠区域覆盖自动移动设备10的前方预定距离,从而形成了新的检测区:左中检测区G3、中右检测区H3和小中检测区I,此时左检测区D5、中检测区F5和右检测区E5相应缩小。
在本实施例的变化例中,超声波传感器91和92是收发一体的超声波传感 器,超声波传感器93是单收的超声波传感器。在此实施例中,超声波传感器91覆盖左检测区D5,超声波传感器92覆盖右检测区E5;超声波传感器91与超声波传感器92组合,覆盖小中检测区I;超声波传感器93与超声波传感器91组合,覆盖左中检测区G3;超声波传感器93与超声波传感器92组合,覆盖中右检测区H3。在又一个变化例中,超声波传感器93也可以是单发的超声波传感器,此变化例的检测区类似。
对于图18所示的检测区布局,超声波组件可工作在第二种工作模式。在第二种工作模式中,超声波传感器91、92和93配置为具有前述的第一发射状态,并且超声波传感器91、92和93配置为具有一种监听状态。在监听状态,超声波传感器不发射超声波信号,仅监听超声波信号。当超声波传感器91处于第一发射状态而超声波传感器92和93处于监听状态时,将可检测障碍物是在左检测区D5、左中检测区G3或小中检测区I。当超声波传感器92处于第一发射状态而超声波传感器91和93均处于监听状态时,将检测障碍物是在右检测区E5、右中检测区H3或小中检测区I。当超声波传感器93处于第一发射状态而超声波传感器92和93均处于监听状态时,将可检测障碍物是在中检测区F5、左中检测区G3还是在中右检测区H3。在这一工作模式中,超声波传感器91、92和93可以配置为超声波传感器91先处于第一发射状态而超声波传感器92和93同时或延迟一段时间后处于监听状态;再选择超声波传感器92处于第一发射状态而超声波传感器91和93同时或延迟一段时间处于监听状态;然后选择超声波传感器93处于第一发射状态而同时或延迟一段时间后,超声波传感器91和92处于监听状态。
下面例举使用第二工作模式的超声避障方法。
图19是本发明第八实施例的超声避障方法流程图。本实施例的超声避障方法可以在第四实施例的自动行走设备或者其它变化例中实施。参考图19所示,本实施例的方法包括下列步骤:
步骤191,使第一超声波传感器(91)处于第一发射状态,同时第二和第三超声波传感器(93)处于监听状态;
步骤192,根据三个超声波传感器所监听的超声回波信号确定左检测区、左中检测区和/或小中检测区的障碍物的距离;
步骤193,使第二超声波传感器(92)处于第一发射状态,同时第一和第三超声波传感器处于监听状态;
步骤194,根据三个超声波传感器所监听的超声回波信号确定右检测区、中右检测区和/或小中检测区的障碍物的距离;
步骤195,使第三超声波传感器(93)处于第一发射状态,同时第一和第二超声波传感器(91、92)处于监听状态;以及
步骤196,根据三个超声波传感器所监听的超声回波信号确定中左检测区、小中检测区和/或中右检测区的障碍物的距离。本实施例的其他细节或者变化可以参考第三实施例,在此不再展开。
第一实施例至第四实施例示例了行进方向上的超声波传感器为两个或三个的情形,但可以理解,本发明还可以实施为包含更多的超声波传感器。
图20为本发明的自动移动设备的有效检测范围内障碍物情况不同所对应的超声波组件接收信号情况示意图。该波形示意图仅用来表示障碍物在不同方位时,超声波传感器组件所接收的波形示意,并不代表真实传感器组件的接收信号波形。图20是以图3所示实施例为例说明。在本实施例中,以第一超声波传感器11发射超声波为例,阐述障碍物出现在不同方位时,第一超声波传感器11和第二超声波传感器12所接收信号的情况示意图。在图20的接收信号波形中,类似矩形的波形a表示超声波传感器发射超声波后的自激振荡,类似菱形的波形b表示超声波传感器所接收到的反射的超声波。由于在该实施例中,第一超声波传感器11发射超声波,因此,第一超声波传感器11的接收信号示意图始终存在类似矩形的波形a。
如图20(a)所示,第一超声波传感器11在t 0时刻发射超声波。在t 0至t 1时间段内,第一超声波传感器11和第二超声波传感器12都未接收到反射的超声波。控制器30判断,自动行走设备10的有效检测范围内不存在障碍物。t 0至t 1时间段为上述所述的有效接收时段T。
如图20(b)所示,第一超声波传感器11在t 0时刻发射超声波。在t 0至t 1时间段内,第一超声波传感器11接收到发射波而第二超声波传感器12未接收到反射的超声波。控制器30判断,自动行走设备10的左检测区内存在障碍物。
如图20(c)所示,第一超声波传感器11在t 0时刻发射超声波。在t 0至t 1时 间段内,第一超声波传感器11未接收到发射波而第二超声波传感器12接收到反射的超声波。控制器30判断,自动行走设备10的右检测区内存在障碍物。
如图20(d)所示,第一超声波传感器11在t 0时刻发射超声波。在t 0至t 1时间段内,第一超声波传感器11和第二超声波传感器12都接收到反射的超声波。控制模块判断,自动行走设备10的中检测区内存在障碍物。
控制器30根据超声波传感器组件所接收超声波的不同情况,判断出障碍物出现的方位,进而控制自动行走设备10前进方向,有针对性地规避障碍物,提高了避障的效率。具体如,当障碍物出现在中检测区域时,控制模块30控制自移动机器人后退,或者停机,或者向左转向,或者向右转向,或者后退向左转向,或者后退向右转向;当障碍物出现在左检测区域时,控制器30控制自移动机器人后退,或者停机,或者向右转向,或者后退向左转向;当障碍物出现在右检测区域时,控制器30控制自动行走设备10后退,或者停机,或者向左转向,或者后退向右转向。
虽然本发明已参照当前的具体实施例来描述,但是本技术领域中的普通技术人员应当认识到,以上的实施例仅是用来说明本发明,在没有脱离本发明精神的情况下还可作出各种等效的变化或替换,因此,只要在本发明的实质精神范围内对上述实施例的变化、变型都将落在本申请的权利要求书的范围内。

Claims (23)

  1. 一种自动移动设备,包括超声波组件,所述超声波组件包括至少两个超声波传感器,设置于所述自动移动设备的壳体且面向所述自动移动设备的行走方向的前方,当所述壳体放置在参考面上时,所述至少两个超声波传感器的轴线位于所述参考面上的投影相交于所述超声波传感器的后方,从而所述超声波传感器覆盖的检测区具有不同的朝向,并且在所述壳体的前方组合成超声避障区域。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的自动移动设备,其特征在于,所述至少两个超声波传感器关于所述壳体的中轴线对称布置。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的自动移动设备,其特征在于,所述超声波传感器与所述自动移动设备的壳体的面向自动移动设备的行走方向的前方的边缘的距离略大于或等于所述超声波传感器的检测盲区的尺寸。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的自动移动设备,其特征在于,所述超声避障区域覆盖所述自动移动设备的前方和至少部分侧方。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的自动移动设备,其特征在于,所述超声波传感器的信号波形垂直于前进方向的截面为类椭圆形,且所述类椭圆形的长轴与水平面的夹角在±45度之间。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的自动移动设备,其特征在于,所述超声波传感器的信号波形沿前进方向的竖直截面为类椭圆形,且所述类椭圆形的长轴与水平面的夹角在±30度之间。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的自动移动设备,其特征在于,至少有两个相邻的超声波传感器的检测区恰好贴合,或者至少有两相邻的超声波传感器的检测区之间存在空白区域。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的自动移动设备,其特征在于,至少有两个超声波传感器之间存在公共检测区,且公共检测区覆盖在所述自动移动设备的行走方向的前方部分。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的自动移动设备,其特征在于,至少部分所述超声波传感器为收发一体的超声波传感器。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的自动移动设备,其特征在于,至少部分所述超声波 传感器配置为包括第一发射状态,在所述第一发射状态,所述超声波传感器发射超声波信号,并监听超声波信号。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的自动移动设备,其特征在于,所述超声波传感器配置为同时处于第一发射状态,或者所述超声波传感器配置为轮流处于第一发射状态。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的自动移动设备,其特征在于,至少部分所述超声波传感器配置为包括监听状态,在所述监听状态,所述超声波传感器不发射超声波信号,仅监听超声波信号。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的自动移动设备,其特征在于,当至少有两个超声波传感器之间存在公共检测区时,所述两个超声波传感器的其中之一处于所述第一发射状态时,其中另一处于所述监听状态。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的自动移动设备,其特征在于,所述超声波组件包括至少三个超声波传感器,当第三超声波传感器与第一超声波传感器和第二超声波传感器之间分别存在公共检测区时,所述第一超声波传感器和所述第二超声波传感器配置为包括第一发射状态,所述第三超声波传感器配置为包括监听状态;当所述第一超声波传感器或所述第二超声波传感器处于所述第一发射状态时,所述第三超声波传感器处于所述监听状态。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的自动移动设备,其特征在于,所述超声波组件包括至少三个超声波传感器,当第三超声波传感器与第一超声波传感器和第二超声波传感器之间分别存在公共检测区时,所述第一超声波传感器和所述第二超声波传感器配置为包括第一发射状态和监听状态;所述第三超声波传感器配置为包括第二发射状态,在所述第二发射状态,所述超声波传感器发射超声波信号而不监听超声波信号;
    当所述第一超声波传感器和所述第二超声波传感器处于所述第一发射状态时,所述第三超声波传感器不工作;
    当所述第三超声波传感器处于所述第二发射状态时,所述第一超声波传感器和所述第二超声波传感器处于所述监听状态。
  16. 根据权利要求12所述的自动移动设备,其特征在于,处于监听状态的超声波传感器,接收处于发射状态的超声波传感器的同步信号。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的自动移动设备,其特征在于,所述超声波组件包括至少三个超声波传感器,当第三超声波传感器与第一超声波传感器和第二超声波传感器之间分别存在公共检测区时,所述第三超声波传感器为单收或者单发的超声波传感器,所述第一超声波传感器和第二超声波传感器为收发一体的超声波传感器。
  18. 一种自动移动设备的超声避障方法,所述自动移动设备包括超声波组件,所述超声波组件包括至少两个超声波传感器,设置于所述自动移动设备的壳体且面向所述自动移动设备的行走方向的前方,当所述壳体放置在参考面上时,所述至少两个超声波传感器的轴线在所述参考面上的投影相交于所述超声波传感器的后方,从而所述超声波传感器的检测区具有不同的朝向,并且在所述壳体的前方组合成超声避障区域,所述方法包括以下步骤:
    使各超声波传感器分别处于第一发射状态,在所述第一发射状态,发射超声波信号并监听超声波信号;
    根据各超声波传感器所监听的反射超声波信号确定各个检测区的障碍物的距离。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的超声避障方法,其特征在于,使各超声波传感器同时处于第一发射状态,或者轮流处于第一发射状态。
  20. 根据权利要求18所述的超声避障方法,其特征在于,所述超声波组件包括第一超声波传感器和第二超声波传感器,所述第一超声波传感器和所述第二超声波传感器之间存在公共检测区,且公共检测区覆盖在所述自动移动设备的行走方向的前方部分,所述方法还包括以下步骤:
    使所述第一超声波传感器处于所述第一发射状态的同时或延迟一段时间后,使所述第二超声波传感器处于监听状态,在所述监听状态,不发射超声波信号,仅监听超声波信号;
    使所述第二超声波传感器处于所述第一发射状态的同时或延迟一段时间后,使所述第一超声波传感器处于监听状态;
    根据处于第一发射状态的超声波传感器和处于监听状态的超声波传感器所监听的反射超声波信号,确定各检测区的障碍物的距离。
  21. 根据权利要求18所述的超声避障方法,其特征在于,所述超声波组件包括第一超声波传感器、第二超声波传感器以及第三超声波传感器,所述第三超声波 传感器与第一超声波传感器和第二超声波传感器之间分别存在公共检测区,所述方法在使所述第一超声波传感器处于第一发射状态的同时或延迟一段时间后,使所述第三超声波传感器处于监听状态,在所述监听状态,不发射超声波信号,仅监听超声波信号;且在使所述第二超声波传感器处于所述第一发射状态的同时或延迟一段时间后,使所述第三超声波传感器处于监听状态;
    且所述方法是根据处于第一发射状态的超声波传感器和处于监听状态的超声波传感器所监听的反射超声波信号,确定各检测区的障碍物的距离。
  22. 根据权利要求18所述的超声避障方法,其特征在于,所述超声波组件包括第一超声波传感器、第二超声波传感器以及第三超声波传感器,所述第三超声波传感器与第一超声波传感器和第二超声波传感器之间分别存在公共检测区,所述方法还包括以下步骤:
    使所述第三超声波传感器处于第二发射状态的同时或延迟一段时间后,使所述第一超声波传感器和所述第二超声波传感器处于监听状态;在所述第二发射状态,发射超声波信号而不监听超声波信号;
    且所述方法是根据处于第二发射状态的超声波传感器和根据处于监听状态的超声波传感器所监听的反射超声波信号确定各公共检测区的障碍物的距离。
  23. 根据权利要求18所述的超声避障方法,其特征在于,处于监听状态的超声波传感器,接收处于发射状态的超声波传感器的同步信号。
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