WO2018191862A1 - 波长选择方法和波长选择开关 - Google Patents

波长选择方法和波长选择开关 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018191862A1
WO2018191862A1 PCT/CN2017/080897 CN2017080897W WO2018191862A1 WO 2018191862 A1 WO2018191862 A1 WO 2018191862A1 CN 2017080897 W CN2017080897 W CN 2017080897W WO 2018191862 A1 WO2018191862 A1 WO 2018191862A1
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Prior art keywords
deflection
wss
output
optical signals
spot
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PCT/CN2017/080897
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王元武
赵臻青
苏玉锋
夏丹青
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/080897 priority Critical patent/WO2018191862A1/zh
Priority to CN201780089423.7A priority patent/CN110494781A/zh
Publication of WO2018191862A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018191862A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of optical communications, and in particular, to a wavelength selection method and a wavelength selection switch.
  • An optical network for example, Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
  • WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
  • Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer is a key device that supports optical network to implement dynamic service path configuration. It supports up/down/blocking of any wavelength service and can be remotely controlled by software. Any expansion of the communication service has great flexibility.
  • the Wavelength Selective Switch is the core sub-component of the ROADM, which can realize transmission and exchange in multiple directions of any wavelength.
  • the number of WSS ports determines the number of directional dimensions of optical signal transmission and switching.
  • WSS is also moving toward a higher number of ports in order to meet optical wavelength switching in more directions.
  • crosstalk characteristics such as channel crosstalk, are also one of the important characteristics of WSS.
  • LCOS Liquid Cystal On Silicon
  • LCOS technology can provide more detailed frequency resolution and better performance than other existing technologies.
  • LCOS technology realizes the spatial deflection of the optical path by controlling the phase change of the optical path, and the deflection angle directly determines the number of ports of the WSS.
  • the driving technology has a limit deflection angle under the premise of ensuring a certain diffraction efficiency. This means that the number of ports that can be implemented is also limited, usually up to 30.
  • An improved method of providing a port number currently increases the number of total optical signals that the WSS can handle by using a plurality of diffraction gratings corresponding to a certain number of input and output ports, thereby increasing the number of WSS ports.
  • the method has high complexity and high implementation cost, and the scheme does not consider the crosstalk problem of WSS at all.
  • Embodiments of the present invention describe a method and apparatus (WSS) for wavelength selection to increase the number of output ports and provide the ability to improve channel crosstalk.
  • WSS method and apparatus
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a wavelength selective switch WSS, the WSS including a diffraction grating, a spot deflection unit, an LCOS spatial light modulator, and an output array, wherein:
  • the diffraction grating is configured to spatially demultiplex the first optical signal, and output a plurality of second optical signals, where the first optical signal includes multiple wavelengths, and the second optical signal is a single wavelength optical signal;
  • the spot deflection unit is configured to deflect a predetermined spatial deflection angle of the plurality of second optical signals to change a spatial position of the plurality of second optical signals incident on the LCOS spatial light modulator,
  • the preset spatial deflection angles of at least two of the plurality of second optical signals are different;
  • the LCOS spatial light modulator is configured to spatially deflect a plurality of second optical signals deflected by the spot deflection unit to output the plurality of second optical signals to a preset of the output array Output port
  • the output array includes a plurality of output ports for collimating output of the plurality of second optical signals deflected from a spatial angle received by the LCOS spatial light modulator.
  • the spot deflection unit comprises a deflection device and a control circuit for controlling the angle of the spatial angular deflection of the optical signal incident on the deflection device.
  • the deflection device is a liquid crystal on silicon LCOS, a mirror group or a microelectromechanical system MEMS mirror group. It should be noted that the deflection device comprises at least two deflection surfaces for deflecting the incident light signals by the same or different spatial angles.
  • the spot deflection unit comprises at least two deflection devices, the at least two deflection devices being arranged in multiple layers.
  • Such a design can further enhance the spatial angular deflection of the deflection unit, thereby further increasing the number of WSS ports and enhancing the ability of the WSS to improve port crosstalk.
  • the spot deflection unit comprises at least two deflection devices, the at least two deflection devices being arranged in cascade.
  • a lens is further included between the at least two deflection devices, and the lens is used for collimating and focusing the plurality of second optical signals.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides another wavelength selection switch WSS, which includes: an input array, a polarization controller, a lens, a diffraction grating, a shaping system, a spot deflection device (also referred to as a deflection device), and LCOS spatial light.
  • WSS wavelength selection switch
  • Modulator and output array where:
  • the input array is configured to perform input collimation on one or more multi-wavelength optical signals; the one or more multi-wavelength signals are hereinafter referred to as a first optical signal;
  • the diffraction grating is configured to spatially demultiplex the first optical signal to output a plurality of single-wavelength optical signals; the plurality of single-wavelength signals are hereinafter referred to as a second optical signal;
  • the spot deflection device is configured to perform a predetermined spatial angular deflection on the second optical signal, thereby changing a spatial position of the second optical signal incident on the LCOS spatial light modulator;
  • the LCOS spatial light modulator is configured to spatially deflect the second optical signal deflected by the spot deflection device, so that the second optical signal is output from a preset output port;
  • a polarization controller for performing polarization state processing on the first optical signal via the input array, specifically for conversion of a random polarization state and a linear polarization state; and also for outputting via the lens
  • the second optical signal is subjected to polarization processing
  • the lens for collimating and focusing the first optical signal outputted via the polarization controller; and for collimating and focusing the second optical signal outputted through the diffraction grating;
  • the shaping system is configured to shape the second optical signal outputted through the diffraction grating, and is further configured to shape the second optical signal outputted through the LCOS spatial light modulator;
  • the diffraction grating is further configured to perform spatial multiplexing on the second optical signal outputted through the shaping system;
  • the output array includes a plurality of output ports for collimating output of the second optical signal output via a polarization controller.
  • the above device is to place the polarization controller after the input array and before the output array; the polarization controller can also be placed before the input array and after the output array.
  • the spot deflection unit comprises a deflection device and a control circuit for controlling the angle of the spatial angular deflection of the optical signal incident on the deflection device.
  • the deflection device is a liquid crystal on silicon LCOS, a mirror group or a microelectromechanical system MEMS mirror group. It should be noted that the deflection device comprises at least two deflection surfaces for deflecting the incident light signals by the same or different spatial angles.
  • the spot deflection unit comprises at least two deflection devices, the at least two deflection devices being arranged in multiple layers.
  • Such a design can further enhance the spatial angular deflection of the deflection unit, thereby further increasing the number of WSS ports and enhancing the ability of the WSS to improve port crosstalk.
  • the spot deflection unit comprises at least two deflection devices, the at least two deflection devices being arranged in cascade.
  • a lens is further included between the at least two deflection devices, and the lens is used for collimating and focusing the second optical signal.
  • the WSS further includes a mirror for folding the second optical signal, for example, preventing the occurrence of optical path overlap via the second optical signal output via the LCOS spatial light modulator.
  • the polarization controller includes a first polarization controller and a second polarization controller for respectively switching the optical signal between a random polarization state and a linear polarization state.
  • the diffraction grating comprises a first diffraction grating and a second diffraction grating for spatial multiplexing and demultiplexing of optical signals, respectively.
  • the shaping system includes a first shaping system and a second shaping system for shaping the optical signal, respectively.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for wavelength selection, where the method includes:
  • the first optical signal is spatially demultiplexed by the diffraction grating to output a plurality of second optical signals, the first optical signal includes a plurality of wavelengths, and the second optical signal is a single wavelength optical signal;
  • the plurality of The preset spatial deflection angles of at least two of the second optical signals are different;
  • the plurality of second optical signals deflected from a spatial angle received by the LCOS spatial light modulator are collimated by an output array.
  • the spot deflection unit comprises a deflection device and a control circuit for controlling the angle of the spatial angular deflection of the optical signal incident on the deflection device.
  • the deflection device is a liquid crystal on silicon LCOS, a mirror group or a microelectromechanical system MEMS mirror group. It should be noted that the deflection device comprises at least two deflection surfaces for deflecting the incident light signals by the same or different spatial angles.
  • the spot deflection unit comprises at least two deflection devices, the at least two deflection devices being arranged in multiple layers.
  • Such a design can further enhance the spatial angular deflection of the deflection unit, thereby further increasing the number of WSS ports and enhancing the ability of the WSS to improve port crosstalk.
  • the spot deflection unit comprises at least two deflection devices, the at least two deflection devices being arranged in cascade.
  • a lens is further included between the at least two deflection devices, and the lens is used for collimating and focusing the plurality of second optical signals.
  • the solution provided by the present invention realizes deflecting a certain spatial angle of different optical signals by the spot deflection unit, so that the optical signal can be output to more output ports, thereby improving the WSS at a relatively simple cost.
  • the solution provided by the present invention can increase the distance between optical signals by the deflection unit, so that the WSS has the capability of improving channel crosstalk.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a possible WSS according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a ROADM node shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3a is a schematic diagram of the functional modules of the WSS
  • FIG. 3b is a schematic diagram of a possible related parameter calculation of the existing port number
  • Figure 3c is a schematic diagram of a possible channel crosstalk calculation related parameter
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a possible WSS function module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5a is a schematic structural diagram of a possible WSS according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5b is a schematic view showing the distribution of the spot 1 shown in Figure 5a;
  • Figure 5c is a schematic view showing the distribution of the spot 2 shown in Figure 5a;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a possible port number calculation related parameter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an increase in the number of ports according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8a is a schematic structural diagram of another possible WSS according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 8b is a schematic view showing the distribution of the spot 1 shown in Figure 8a;
  • Figure 8c is a schematic view showing the distribution of the spot 2 shown in Figure 8a;
  • FIG. 9a is a schematic diagram of still another possible WSS structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9b is a schematic view showing the distribution of the spot 1 shown in Figure 9a;
  • Figure 9c is a schematic view showing the distribution of the spot 2 shown in Figure 9a;
  • Figure 9d is a schematic view showing the distribution of the spot 3 shown in Figure 9a;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a possible WSS according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a possible wavelength selection method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a possible WSS according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a ring optical network, which is composed of four ROADM nodes, namely, NE1, NE2, NE3, and NE4. Each node supports local up or down or through of the wavelength.
  • the WSS is used to select any one of the multi-wavelength signals of any input to be output to any one or more of the N output ports.
  • the WSS can also combine the signals of the input N ports to one or more output ports. Since the optical path is reversible, a 1*N WSS can also be used to make an N*1 WSS.
  • FIG. 2 shows a possible structural diagram of the ROADM node (for example, NE4) shown in FIG. 1.
  • the ROADM node includes two WSS, two receivers, and two transmitters.
  • the embodiments of the present invention do not impose any restrictions on how the specific WSSs are used in combination to form a ROADM node.
  • the ROADM can also include other sub-devices such as an optical amplifier, a wavelength converter, etc. according to specific needs.
  • the subsequent embodiments all take a single input multiple output (ie, 1*N) WSS as an example, but in practice, embodiments of the present invention are also applicable to other types of WSS, such as N*1 WSS and N. *M's WSS.
  • the ROADM has the ability to dynamically select wavelengths, which can be implemented by remotely configuring its WSS modules via software.
  • the current WSS module can be simply divided into two blocks of a processing unit and an optical device unit, and an external interface is provided to implement external feedback signals input to the WSS and the WSS module.
  • the processing unit is configured to implement processing of the input signal and control parameters of a portion of the optical device (eg, controlling the voltage of the spatial light modulator to change the output of certain wavelength signals) Port), may include Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM) and LCOS spatial light modulator Control circuit (or controller), analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and other components.
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • ROM Read Only Memory
  • LCOS spatial light modulator Control circuit or controller
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter
  • Performance metrics for WSS devices include port count, channel crosstalk, port crosstalk, and device size.
  • the present invention mainly relates to two performance parameters of port number and channel crosstalk. Specifically, taking the spatial light modulator as an example of LCOS, at present, the number of ports N p of the WSS can be calculated by the following formula:
  • N p (tan ⁇ ) * L / ⁇ ;
  • ⁇ is the spatial deflection angle of the beam on the LCOS spatial light modulator (sometimes referred to as the diffraction angle or diffraction angle)
  • tan is the tangent function for ⁇
  • L is the distance from the diffraction grating to the LCOS spatial light modulator ( Unit: mm (mm))
  • ⁇ is the spacing of the output port (1*N WSS) or the ingress port (N*1 WSS) fiber arrangement.
  • ⁇ and L identified in the simplified equivalent optical path diagram shown in Figure 3b.
  • the number of ports N p can be calculated by other methods according to the specific design and manufacturing techniques of WSS, but the current different calculation methods have a common feature: port number and diffraction angle and diffraction grating and The distance of the spatial light modulator is proportional to the number of ports by increasing ⁇ or L.
  • the increase in these two parameters is limited in scope.
  • the channel crosstalk R of the WSS can be calculated by the following formula:
  • W is the spacing of the two spots and R is the spot radius. See Figure 3c for an example.
  • the spot may have different characteristics, such as different spot shapes (oval, circular or rectangular, etc.), so channel crosstalk is specific to the spot characteristics. It can also be calculated in other ways. However, a common feature of different calculation methods is that the channel crosstalk between two spots is inversely proportional to the spacing between the two spots, that is, the channel crosstalk can be reduced by increasing the spacing between the spots, especially the adjacent two spots. Channel crosstalk.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a possible WSS function module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the WSS includes three parts, an input optical path unit 301, a spot deflection unit 302, and an output optical path unit 303.
  • the spot deflection unit 302 includes a control unit 302a (sometimes referred to as a control circuit) and a deflection device 302b (sometimes referred to as a deflection unit), the deflection unit including at least two deflection surfaces, and the control circuit is used for A spatial deflection angle of the optical signal incident on the at least two deflection surfaces is controlled.
  • the control unit can reuse the resources of the existing processing unit shown in FIG.
  • the control circuit can control the spatial deflection angle of the deflection unit by acquiring an external control signal, and can output some feedback signals if necessary.
  • the deflection may be implemented by a reflective device or by a diffraction type device, and the embodiment of the present invention does not limit the method to be specifically used.
  • the spot deflection unit is configured to deflect a plurality of single-wavelength optical signals output by the input optical path unit 301 by a predetermined spatial angle and transmit the same to the output optical path portion.
  • the preset spatial angle of the different optical signals is deflected by the spot deflection unit, and the WSS can change the relative position of the spot of the optical device incident on the output optical path unit (for example: Increasing the distance between the spots, such as: changing the incident range of the spot, so that WSS has the ability to improve channel crosstalk and / or port count.
  • optical fiber in the embodiment described below is a single mode or multimode fiber, and the present invention does not impose any limitation on the type of fiber to be specifically used.
  • FIG. 5a is a schematic structural diagram of a possible WSS according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is worth noting that Fig. 5a only contains the optics portion of the WSS, and the control unit omitting is not given, but will be mentioned as needed in the detailed description.
  • the input optical path unit includes an input array 3011, a first polarization controller 3012, a first lens 3013, a first diffraction grating 3014, and a first shaping system 3015.
  • the position of the first polarization controller 3012 can be changed.
  • the first polarization controller 3012 can also be preceded by an input array in the input optical path unit.
  • the first polarization controller 3012 may be a slide type polarization controller, or may be other types of polarization controllers, such as a fiber polarization controller.
  • the input array 3011 is configured to input an optical signal input to the WSS device (for example, an optical signal including 80 wavelengths of the C-band, and another optical signal of 16 wavelengths including the L-band. In this embodiment, five The wavelength is an example) for collimating input.
  • the input array 3011 may be one optical fiber, as shown in FIG. 5a, I(1); and in the N*1 or N*N WSS, the input array 3011 may be arranged in a certain manner.
  • N fibers for example, are arranged in a straight line at equal intervals or arranged in a rectangle according to a certain plane distance.
  • the first polarization controller 3012 is configured to perform polarization processing on the optical signal output through the input array to convert it from randomly polarized light into linearly polarized light.
  • the first lens 3013 is used to focus collimate the optical signal, but does not change its spatial relative position.
  • the first diffraction grating 3014 is configured to process optical signals of a plurality of wavelengths such that the optical signals are spatially separated to obtain a plurality of single-wavelength optical signals. In short, the first diffraction grating spatially demultiplexes a multi-wavelength signal to obtain a plurality of single-wavelength optical signals.
  • the first shaping system 3015 is configured to trim (also referred to as shaping) the shape of a single-wavelength optical signal (in this embodiment, five single-wavelength signals), which will be adjusted to a specific shape required by the optical system of the WSS, such as : Elliptical or circular shape; it is also possible to change the spot size of the optical signal, but the first shaping system does not change the spacing of the spots.
  • the first shaping system may be a cylindrical mirror, and may also be other optical devices having a shaping function, such as a lens.
  • part 302a i.e. deflection unit 3021 (or deflection means) is used to spatially deflect the spot input to the unit. Specifically, the specific spatial deflection angle is controlled by the control portion shown in FIG. 4 transmitting a control signal to the deflection unit 3021.
  • the deflection unit 3021 can be an LCOS chip (also referred to simply as LCOS), a mirror set, or a MEMS mirror set. Taking the deflection unit 3021 as an example of the LCOS chip, the LCOS itself is composed of a plurality of deflection surfaces.
  • each MEMS mirror can be controlled by two different axial driving voltages, thereby achieving incident to different MEMS rotations.
  • the optical signal of the mirror achieves a certain angle Deflection.
  • the deflection unit 3021 of the embodiment of the present invention has at least two deflection surfaces, and different deflection surfaces can deflect the optical signals incident on the deflection at the same or different angular positions, for example, as shown in FIG. 5b.
  • Fig. 5c where ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 5 are deflected at the same angle, ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 4 are deflected at the same angle, but ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 4 are deflected at different spatial angles.
  • the embodiment of the present invention does not limit the number relationship of the single-wavelength optical signals incident on the deflection surface, and may be a single-wavelength signal corresponding to one deflection surface, or may be other forms, for example, multiple single-wavelength signals corresponding to each other.
  • a deflecting surface, etc. it is assumed that the deflection unit 3021 has five independently controllable deflection surfaces, which can respectively spatially deflect the spots of the five single-wavelength signals input to the unit.
  • a schematic view of the spot incident on the deflection unit 3021, i.e., the spot 1 in Fig. 5a, is shown in Fig. 5b.
  • ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 , ⁇ 4 and ⁇ 5 are the wavelength numbers corresponding to the five spots; W 1 is the pitch of two arbitrarily adjacent spots; and R 1 is the radius of any one of the spots.
  • ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 , ⁇ 4 and ⁇ 5 are the wavelength numbers corresponding to the five spots; W 2 is the pitch of two arbitrarily adjacent spots; and R 1 is the radius of any one of the spots.
  • the deflection unit 3021 does not change the size of the spot (i.e., R 1 remains unchanged in Figures 5b and 5c), but changes the relative position between the spots. Specifically, the spot corresponding to ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 5 is moved by the deflection unit 3021 from the original Y-axis value of 0 to the Y-axis value to a positive value (for example: 2.5 mm (mm)); and ⁇ 2 and The spot corresponding to ⁇ 4 is moved by the transmitting unit from the original Y-axis value to 0 to the Y-axis value to a negative value (for example: -2.5 mm (mm)).
  • the WSS can reduce the channel crosstalk effect between the spots (different single-wavelength optical signals) by increasing the spacing between the spots.
  • part 303 the output optical path unit, includes an LCOS spatial light modulator 3031, a second shaping system 3032, a second diffraction grating 3033, a second lens 3034, a second polarization controller 3035, and an output array 3036.
  • the position of the second polarization controller 3035 is changeable.
  • the second polarization controller 3035 can also be after the output array in the output optical path unit.
  • the second polarization controller 3035 may be a slide type polarization controller, or may be other types of polarization controllers, such as a fiber polarization controller.
  • the LCOS spatial light modulator 3031 is configured to adjust a spatial deflection angle of the plurality of single-wavelength optical signals output by the deflection unit 3021 so as to be available from a preset output optical fiber(s) (ie, an output array) Fiber port) output.
  • the second shaping system 3032 is configured to shape an input optical signal (for example, five single-wavelength optical signals in this embodiment) and adjust it from a specific shape (for example, a circle or an ellipse). For input into the shape of the front of the WSS optical system.
  • the second diffraction grating 3033 is used for processing the optical signal input thereto, thereby spatially multiplexing a plurality of wavelength signals that need to be output via the same outlet.
  • the second lens 3034 is configured to collimate and shape a plurality of output single-wavelength optical signals, but does not change their spatial relative positions.
  • the second polarization controller 3035 is configured to polarize the input optical signal and convert it from linearly polarized light back to randomly polarized light.
  • the output array 3036 is used for output collimation of the input optical signal.
  • the output array 3036 is N fibers, for example, equidistantly arranged in a straight line (O(1),...,O(N) as shown in FIG. 5a) or Arrange a rectangle or the like according to a certain plane distance.
  • the output array 3036 is one fiber.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a possible port number related parameter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • ⁇ is the deflection angle of the light beam on the LCOS spatial light modulator 3031
  • L is the distance from the second diffraction grating 3033 to the LCOS spatial light modulator
  • D is the maximum value that the deflection unit 3021 of the spot deflection unit can adjust the spot.
  • the spot position incident on the LCOS spatial light modulator 3035 is no longer a fixed relative position, a certain range of adjustment can be made by the spot deflection unit. Therefore, the calculation formula of the number of WSS ports mentioned in the present application is no longer applicable, but the parameter correction according to the embodiment of the present invention is:
  • N p [(tan ⁇ )*L+D]/ ⁇
  • the spot deflection unit in the embodiment of the present invention flexibly adjusts the position of the spot to improve the number of ports of the WSS.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an increase in the number of ports according to an embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that, in order to simplify the description, only some key optical devices are included in the figure.
  • the LCOS spatial light modulator 3031 currently outputs a wavelength optical signal from the 34th port, and the spot is already at the highest position that the LCOS spatial light modulator 3031 can adjust, and accordingly, the deflection angle (which may also be referred to as the diffraction angle) has been adjusted. To the maximum (ie 5 degrees).
  • the control unit needs to input the control signal to the deflection angle of the deflection unit 3021, and adjust the corresponding spot position by 5 mm.
  • the output from the 34th port to the 54th port is realized under the premise that the diffraction angle (or the deflection angle) of the LCOS spatial light modulator 3031 is constant.
  • the LCOS spatial light modulator 3031 is used to control the specific output to somewhere.
  • the specific numerical calculation of the input control signal of the fiber exit port can be realized by a one-dimensional algorithm. If the direction of diffraction of the LCOS spatial light modulator 3031 and the direction in which the deflection unit 3021 in the spot deflection unit can be adjusted are different directions, for example, the directions of the two are perpendicular to each other, then the LCOS spatial light modulator 3031 is specifically controlled to output to a certain direction.
  • the numerical calculation of the input control signal of the fiber exit port can be realized by a two-dimensional algorithm. Regardless of the algorithm and the latitude of the specific algorithm, the control signal of the external input can be realized by the control unit shown in FIG. 2, such as an FPGA, to the numerical conversion calculation of the specific control deflection unit.
  • the embodiment of the present invention does not limit the specific design of the control unit.
  • FIG. 8a is a schematic diagram of another possible WSS structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • optical device types and functions included in the 301 portion, the 302a portion, and the 303 portion of FIG. 8a are the same as those of the 301 portion, the 302a portion, and the 303 portion of FIG. 5a, and are not described herein.
  • the 301-part input array 3011 in Figure 8a includes two input fiber arrays and the first diffraction grating 3014 includes two layers of gratings.
  • the portion 302a includes two deflection units, namely a deflection unit 3021 and a deflection unit 3022, which are arranged in layers, and the 303 portion includes the LCOS spatial light modulator 3031 and the second diffraction grating 3032 also in two layers.
  • the spot is an ellips Round, not the circle shown in Figure 5.
  • the two input fibers can be used to input optical signals of different wavelength bands, for example, optical signals input to the C-band and L-band, respectively.
  • the two layers of the first diffraction grating 3014 and the second diffraction grating 3033 can spatially demultiplex and spatially multiplex optical signals of two different wavelength bands, respectively.
  • the two-layer deflection unit receives the control signal of the control unit, and can adjust the corresponding spatial deflection angle of the input at least two single-wavelength signals, thereby changing the position of the spot entering the LCOS spatial light modulator, thereby finally Output through different output arrays.
  • the distribution map of the spot 1 given in FIG. 8a is as shown in FIG.
  • spot 2 After passing through the two-layer deflection unit, the position of the spot changes, and the spot pattern (i.e., spot 2) is as shown in Fig. 8c.
  • spot 2 moves in the negative direction of the Y-axis with respect to the wavelength before incidence, and its distance from other moved spots increases, so that the performance of channel crosstalk can be improved.
  • ⁇ C After ⁇ C passes through the deflection unit, its position changes to the spot distribution range in which another band is located, so the number of output ports that can be selected can be increased. Since the position of the spot (or single-wavelength optical signal) incident on the LCOS spatial light modulator 3031 can be changed, the range of the fiber exit port can be increased, that is, the number of ports that the WSS can support is increased. Similarly, the channel crosstalk of the WSS is reduced by adjusting the position of the spot, i.e., increasing the spacing of the spots (e.g., the spacing of ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 of Figure 8c is increased compared to Figure 8b).
  • FIG. 9a is a schematic diagram of still another possible WSS structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the input optical path unit 301, the deflection unit 302a, and the output optical path unit 303 in Fig. 9a contain optical device types and functions, which are the same type and function as those of the input optical path unit 301, the deflection unit 302a, and the output optical path portion 303 of Fig. 5a. I will not repeat them here.
  • Figure 9a differs from Figure 5a in that:
  • the output optical path unit 303 of FIG. 9a further includes a mirror 3037 for preventing spatial overlap of the optical signals; it should be additionally noted that the mirror 3037 does not change the relative position of the spot; the position of the mirror can be adjusted according to actual needs. Adjustment, the embodiment of the present invention does not impose any restrictions on its specific location;
  • the input optical path portion 301 and the output optical path portion 303 of Fig. 9a use the same set of optical devices (i.e., shaping system 3015, polarization controller 3012, diffraction grating 3014 and lens 3013) to achieve different functions, which utilizes optical path reversible The principle.
  • the input optical path portion 301 utilizes the diffraction grating 3014 to spatially demultiplex an optical signal including a plurality of wavelengths so that the optical signals of each wavelength can be separately processed.
  • the output optical path portion 303 utilizes the same diffraction grating 3014 to spatially multiplex a plurality of single-wavelength optical signals, that is, the plurality of optical signals can be combined and output through the same optical fiber. Doing so can further reduce the number of components and thus the size of the WSS. But specifically, how to combine a single multi-wavelength and output a specific amount of optical signal output is determined according to specific business needs.
  • the deflection unit 302a of Fig. 9a comprises two deflection units (i.e. deflection unit 3021 and deflection unit) 3022), the two deflection units are arranged in cascade, and a lens 3023 is placed between them for collimation and focusing. In a particular application, two or more deflection units may be included. It should be noted that the lens 3023 is an optional optical component.
  • FIG. 9b, 9c and 9d show schematic views of the spot 1, the spot 2 and the spot 3 of the present embodiment, wherein ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 , ⁇ 4 and ⁇ 5 are wavelength numbers corresponding to 5 spots. It is assumed that the spot shown in Fig. 9d is a target spot map required for the LCOS spatial light modulation 3031. Before the incident deflection unit 3021, the five spots are arranged at equal intervals on the X-axis. After passing through the deflection unit 3021, the relative positions of the five spots are changed.
  • ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 5 are moved by a certain distance in the positive direction of the Y-axis, and ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 4 are moved in the opposite direction of the Y-axis. A certain distance.
  • the relative positions of the five spots are further changed. Specifically, ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 5 are further moved by a certain distance in the positive direction of the Y-axis, and ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 4 are shifted to the Y-axis. The opposite direction moved further by a certain distance.
  • the deflection of the spot is achieved by the cascade of the plurality of deflection units when the spatial deflection angle at which each deflection unit is capable of acting on the incident spot is limited, and the spatial deflection angle of the predetermined target spot cannot be achieved by one deflection unit.
  • the spacing between the spots is increased by the two cascaded deflection units, so that crosstalk between the channels can be reduced.
  • the embodiment of the present invention adjusts the deflection angle of the spot by the multi-stage deflection unit, so that it can change a certain incident range, thereby increasing The range that can be output, that is, the number of ports is increased.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a simplified structure of a possible WSS according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the WSS includes a diffraction grating 3014, a spot deflection unit 302, an LCOS spatial light modulator 3031, and an output array 3036, wherein:
  • a diffraction grating 3014 configured to spatially demultiplex at least one multi-wavelength optical signal incident on the device, thereby outputting a plurality of single-wavelength optical signals
  • a spot deflection unit 302 configured to perform preset spatial angular deflection on the plurality of single-wavelength optical signals, for changing a spatial position of the plurality of single-wavelength optical signals incident on the LCOS spatial light modulator,
  • the preset spatial deflection angles of at least two single-wavelength optical signals of the plurality of single-wavelength optical signals are different;
  • the LCOS spatial light modulator 3031 is configured to perform spatial angular deflection on the plurality of single-wavelength optical signals deflected by the spot deflection unit, so that the plurality of single-wavelength optical signals are from the preset output port of the output array Output
  • the output array 3036 includes a plurality of output ports for collimating the plurality of single-wavelength optical signals that are deflected from a spatial position received by the LCOS spatial light modulator.
  • the shape of the spot 1 and the spot 2 shown in Fig. 10 may be various, for example, a circle, and an ellipse. Taking the spot as a circle as an example, the descriptions of the spot 1 and the spot 2 of FIG. 10 are the same as those for the spot in FIG. 5, and are not described herein.
  • the spot deflection unit includes a deflection device and a control circuit, wherein the control circuit is for controlling an angle of spatial angular deflection of the optical signal incident to the deflection device.
  • the deflection device is a liquid crystal on silicon LCOS, a mirror group or a microelectromechanical system MEMS mirror set. It should be noted that the deflection device comprises at least two deflection surfaces for deflecting the incident light signals by the same or different spatial angles.
  • the spot deflection unit comprises a plurality of deflection devices
  • the plurality of deflection devices may be arranged in multiple layers or arranged in a cascade, such a design can further enhance the spatial angular deflection of the deflection unit, thereby further enhancing the WSS The number of ports and the ability to enhance WSS to improve port crosstalk.
  • a lens is further included between each of the two deflection devices for collimating and focusing the optical signal.
  • the position of the spot is changed by the spot deflection unit so that the optical signal can be output from more output fiber ports, increasing the number of ports of the WSS.
  • the spot deflection unit increases the spacing between the spots by changing the position of the spot, thereby enabling the WSS to have the ability to improve channel crosstalk.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a method for selecting a wavelength of light according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method is used to select one or more multi-wavelength optical signals (also referred to as first optical signals) to select any wavelength signal and combine them to output to a preset output port.
  • multi-wavelength optical signals also referred to as first optical signals
  • S1 spatially demultiplexing at least one multi-wavelength optical signal through a diffraction grating, and outputting a plurality of single-wavelength optical signals (also referred to as second optical signals);
  • S2 deflecting, by the spot deflection unit, the second optical signal according to a preset spatial angle, for changing a spatial position of the second optical signal incident on the LCOS spatial light modulator, the multiple single-wavelength light
  • the preset spatial deflection angles of at least two single-wavelength optical signals in the signal are different;
  • S3 spatially deflecting the second optical signal deflected by the spot deflection unit by an LCOS spatial light modulator, and outputting the second optical signal from a preset output port in the output array;
  • the at least one multi-wavelength optical signal is processed through an optical device combination as shown in FIG. 5, FIG. 8, FIG. 9, or FIG.
  • the optical device through which the multi-wavelength optical signal passes and the function (or function) of the device for the multi-wavelength optical signal refer to the detailed description in the above four embodiments, and details are not described herein.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种波长选择的方法和波长选择开关WSS，涉及光通信技术领域。一种波长选择开关WSS，包括输入光路单元、光斑偏转单元和输出光路单元三个部分。其中，所述光斑偏转单元用于对由所述输入光路部分输出的多个单波长光信号进行空间角度的偏转并发送到所述输出光路单元，用于控制所述多单波长光信号的输出端口位置。该光斑偏转单元包括偏转器件和控制电路，所述偏转器件由至少两个偏转面组成，所述控制电路用于控制入射到所述至少两个偏转面的光信号的空间偏转角度。通过光斑偏转单元来改变光斑的空间位置，从而使得光信号可以从更多的输出光纤端口输出，提升了WSS的端口数目。此外，光斑偏转单元通过改变光斑位置以增大光斑间的间距，从而使得WSS具备改善通道串扰的能力。

Description

波长选择方法和波长选择开关 技术领域
本发明实施例涉及光通信领域，尤其涉及一种波长选择的方法和波长选择开关。
背景技术
光网络，例如：波分复用网络(Wavelength Division Multiplexing，简称WDM)，作为运营商最普遍使用的业务承载网络之一，通常采用静态路径配置方法。随着网络业务的容量不断增加和动态性不断增强，静态路径配置的方法显然已经不能满足业务发展的需要，运营商对动态业务路径的配置需求越来越强列。
可重构分插复用器(Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer，简称ROADM)是支持光网络实现动态业务路径配置的关键设备，它支持任意波长业务的上下/阻断，可以通过软件远程控制，实现通信业务的任意扩展，具有极大的灵活性。其中，波长选择开关(Wavelength Selective Switch，简称WSS)是组成ROADM的核心子器件，可实现任意波长多个方向的传输和交换。WSS的端口数决定了光信号传输和交换的方向维度数。随着ROADM节点的组网结构不断发展，为了满足更多方向的光波长交换，WSS也朝着更高端口数目的方向发展。除此之外，串扰特性，例如：通道串扰，也是衡量WSS的重要特性之一。
实现WSS的技术有多种，当前主流的方式是采用硅基液晶(Liquid Cyrstal On Silicon，简称LCOS)。LCOS技术可以提供更加精细的频率分辨率，在性能指标上也比其他现有技术更具优势。LCOS技术通过控制光路的相位变化，从而实现对光路进行空间偏转，其偏转角度直接决定了WSS的端口数。但该驱动技术，在保证一定的衍射效率前提下，具有极限偏转角度。这意味着可实现的端口数目也是有上限的，一般最大为30个。
当前一种提供端口数的改进方法，通过使用多层的衍射光栅，分别对应一定数量的输入以及输出端口，从而增加了WSS可以处理的总的光信号的数量，从而增加了WSS的端口数目。但是，该方法器件复杂度高，实现代价大，而且该方案完全没有考虑到WSS的串扰问题。
发明内容
本发明实施例描述了一种波长选择的方法和装置(WSS)，以提高输出端口数目和提供改善通道串扰的能力。
一方面，本发明实施例提供一种波长选择开关WSS，所述WSS包括衍射光栅、光斑偏转单元、LCOS空间光调制器和输出阵列，其中：
所述衍射光栅，用于对第一光信号进行空间解复用，输出多个第二光信号，所述第一光信号包括多个波长,所述第二光信号为单波长光信号；
所述光斑偏转单元，用于对所述多个第二光信号偏转预设的空间偏转角度，以改变所述多个第二光信号入射到所述LCOS空间光调制器的空间位置，所述多个第二光信号中至少两个第二光信号的预设的空间偏转角度不同；
所述LCOS空间光调制器，用于对经由所述光斑偏转单元偏转后的多个第二光信号进行空间角度偏转，以使所述多个第二光信号输出到所述输出阵列的预设输出端口；
所述输出阵列，包括多个输出端口，用于准直输出从所述LCOS空间光调制器接收的空间角度偏转后的所述多个第二光信号。
在一种可能的设计中，所述光斑偏转单元包括偏转器件和控制电路，所述控制电路用于控制入射到所述偏转器件的光信号的空间角度偏转的角度。具体地，所述偏转器件是硅基液晶LCOS、反射镜组或微机电系统MEMS转镜组。需要说明的是，所述偏转器件包括至少两个偏转面，所述两个偏转面用于对入射的光信号偏转相同或不同的空间角度。
在一种可能的设计中，所述光斑偏转单元包括至少两个偏转器件，所述至少两个偏转器件为多层排列。这样的设计可以进一步的提升偏转单元的空间角度偏转的能力，从而能够进一步提升WSS的端口数目，以及增强WSS改善端口串扰的能力。
在一种可能的设计中，所述光斑偏转单元包括至少两个偏转器件，所述至少两个偏转器件为级联排列。可选地，所述至少两个偏转器件之间还包括透镜，所述透镜用于对所述多个第二光信号进行准直和聚焦。这样的设计可以进一步的提升偏转单元的空间角度偏转的能力，从而能够进一步提升WSS的端口数目，以及增强WSS改善端口串扰的能力。
另一方面，本发明实施例提供又一种波长选择开关WSS，该WSS包括：输入阵列、偏振控制器、透镜、衍射光栅、整形系统、光斑偏转器件(又称为偏转器件)、LCOS空间光调制器和输出阵列，其中：
所述输入阵列，用于对一个或者多个多波长光信号进行输入准直；所述一个或者多个多波长信号后续简称为第一光信号；
所述衍射光栅，用于对所述第一光信号进行空间解复用，输出多个单波长光信号；所述多个单波长信号后续简称为第二光信号；
所述光斑偏转器件，用于对所述第二光信号进行预设的空间角度偏转，从而改变所述第二光信号入射到所述LCOS空间光调制器的空间位置；
所述LCOS空间光调制器，用于对经由光斑偏转器件偏转后的所述第二光信号进行空间角度偏转，从而使所述第二光信号从预设的输出端口输出；
所述偏振控制器，用于对经由所述输入阵列的所述第一光信号进行偏振态处理，具体地，用于随机偏振态和线偏振态的转换；还用于对经由所述透镜输出的所述第二光信号进行偏振处理；
所述透镜，用于对经由所述偏振控制器输出的所述第一光信号进行准直和聚焦；还用于对经由衍射光栅输出的所述第二光信号进行准直和聚焦；
所述整形系统，用于对经由所述衍射光栅输出的所述第二光信号进行整形；还用于对经由所述LCOS空间光调制器输出的所述第二光信号进行整形；
所述衍射光栅，还用于对经由所述整形系统输出的所述第二光信号进行空间复用；
所述输出阵列，包含多个输出端口，用于准直输出经由偏振控制器输出的所述第二光信号。
需要说明的是，上面的装置是将所述偏振控制器放置在输入阵列之后，输出阵列之前；所述偏振控制器也可放置在输入阵列之前，输出阵列之后。
在一种可能的设计中，所述光斑偏转单元包括偏转器件和控制电路，所述控制电路用于控制入射到所述偏转器件的光信号的空间角度偏转的角度。具体地，所述偏转器件是硅基液晶LCOS、反射镜组或微机电系统MEMS转镜组。需要说明的是，所述偏转器件包括至少两个偏转面，所述两个偏转面用于对入射的光信号偏转相同或不同的空间角度。
在一种可能的设计中，所述光斑偏转单元包括至少两个偏转器件，所述至少两个偏转器件为多层排列。这样的设计可以进一步的提升偏转单元的空间角度偏转的能力，从而能够进一步提升WSS的端口数目，以及增强WSS改善端口串扰的能力。
在一种可能的设计中，所述光斑偏转单元包括至少两个偏转器件，所述至少两个偏转器件为级联排列。可选地，所述至少两个偏转器件之间还包括透镜，所述透镜用于对所述第二光信号进行准直和聚焦。这样的设计可以进一步的提升偏转单元的空间角度偏转的能力，从而能够进一步提升WSS的端口数目，以及增强WSS改善端口串扰的能力。
在一种可能的设计中，所述WSS还包括反射镜，用于折叠第二光信号，例如：经由经由LCOS空间光调制器输出的第二光信号，防止发生光路重叠。
在一种可能的设计中，所述偏振控制器包括第一偏振控制器和第二偏振控制器，分别用于对光信号进行随机偏振态和线偏振态的切换。
在一种可能的设计中，所述衍射光栅包括第一衍射光栅和第二衍射光栅，分别用于对光信号进行空间复用和解复用。
在一种可能的设计中，所述整形系统包括第一整形系统和第二整形系统，分别用于对光信号整形。
又一方面，本发明实施例提供一种波长选择的方法，所述方法包括：
通过衍射光栅,对第一光信号进行空间解复用，输出多个第二光信号，所述第一光信号包括多个波长，所述第二光信号为单波长光信号；
通过光斑偏转单元，对所述多个第二光信号进行预设的空间角度偏转，以改变所述多个第二光信号入射到所述LCOS空间光调制器的空间位置，所述多个第二光信号中至少两个第二光信号的预设的空间偏转角度不同；
通过LCOS空间光调制器，对经由所述光斑偏转单元偏转的所述多个第二光信号进行空间角度偏转，以使所述多个第二光信号从输出阵列中预设的输出端口输出；
通过输出阵列，准直输出从所述LCOS空间光调制器接收的空间角度偏转后的所述多个第二光信号。
在一种可能的设计中，所述光斑偏转单元包括偏转器件和控制电路，所述控制电路用于控制入射到所述偏转器件的光信号的空间角度偏转的角度。具体地，所述偏转器件是硅基液晶LCOS、反射镜组或微机电系统MEMS转镜组。需要说明的是，所述偏转器件包括至少两个偏转面，所述两个偏转面用于对入射的光信号偏转相同或不同的空间角度。
在一种可能的设计中，所述光斑偏转单元包括至少两个偏转器件，所述至少两个偏转器件为多层排列。这样的设计可以进一步的提升偏转单元的空间角度偏转的能力，从而能够进一步提升WSS的端口数目，以及增强WSS改善端口串扰的能力。
在一种可能的设计中，所述光斑偏转单元包括至少两个偏转器件，所述至少两个偏转器件为级联排列。可选地，所述至少两个偏转器件之间还包括透镜，所述透镜用于对所述多个第二光信号进行准直和聚焦。这样的设计可以进一步的提升偏转单元的空间角度偏转的能力，从而能够进一步提升WSS的端口数目，以及增强WSS改善端口串扰的能力。
相较于现有技术，本发明提供的方案，通过光斑偏转单元实现对不同的光信号偏转一定的空间角度，使得光信号能够输出到更多的输出端口，以较简单的代价提升了WSS的输出端口数目。此外，本发明提供的方案，通过偏转单元可增大光信号之间的距离，使得WSS具备了改善通道串扰的能力。
附图说明
下面将参照所示附图对本发明实施例进行更详细的描述：
图1为本发明实施例的一种可能的WSS的应用场景示意图；
图2为图1中所示的的ROADM节点的一种可能的结构示意图；
图3a为WSS的功能模块组成示意图；
图3b为一种可能的现有端口数计算相关参数示意图；
图3c为一种可能的通道串扰计算相关参数示意图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的一种可能的WSS功能模块组成示意图；
图5a为本发明实施例提供的一种可能的WSS结构示意图；
图5b为图5a所示的光斑1的分布示意图；
图5c为图5a所示的光斑2的分布示意图；
图6为本发明实施例提供的一种可能的端口数计算相关参数示意图；
图7为本发明实施例提供的一种端口数增大的示意图；
图8a为本发明实施例提供的另一种可能的WSS结构示意图；
图8b为图8a所示的光斑1的分布示意图；
图8c为图8a所示的光斑2的分布示意图；
图9a为本发明实施例提供的又一种可能的WSS结构示意图；
图9b为图9a所示的光斑1的分布示意图；
图9c为图9a所示的光斑2的分布示意图；
图9d为图9a所示的光斑3的分布示意图；
图10为本发明实施例提供的一种可能的WSS的简化结构示意图；
图11为本发明实施例提供的一种可能的波长选择方法流程图。
在不同的附图中，相同的编号表示了同一特性或至少是功能相同的特性或器件。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例描述的应用场景是为了更加清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，并不构成对于本发明实施例提供的技术方案的限定，本领域普通技术人员可知，随着网络架构的演变和新业务场景的出现，本发明实施例提供的技术方案对于类似的技术问题，同样适用。
图1给出了本发明实施例的一种可能的WSS的应用场景示意图。其中，图1所示为一个环形光网络示例，该光网络由4个ROADM节点组成，即NE1、NE2、NE3和NE4。每个节点都支持波长的本地上下或者穿通。WSS作为ROADM节点一个重要的核心子器件，用于实现对任意输入的多波长信号中选取出任意的波长信号组合输出到N个输出端口中的任意一个或多个。此外，WSS也可以把输入的N个端口中的信号进行组合输出至一个或者多个输出端口。由于光路可逆，一个1*N的WSS也可以用来做一个N*1的WSS。
作为一个示例，图2给出了图1所示的ROADM节点(例如：NE4)的一种可能的结构示意图。如图所示，该ROADM节点包括两个WSS、两个接收器和两个发送器等子器件。其中，两个WSS分别为1*N和N*1的维度(此例中N＝3)，即一个WSS从其一个输入口接收包含16个波长的光信号并将其分解为三路：其中一路(包含波长λ2，λ3，…,λ15)直接穿通本节点，经由另一个WSS合波后输出；另外两路(分别包含λ1和λ16)通过接收器(即接收器2和接收器1)在本节点下路；另一个WSS则是从其3个输入接口接收不同的光信号并将其通过一个输出接口输出，即其中一路(包含波长λ2，λ3，…,λ15)直接从另一个WSS获取；另外两路(分别包含波长λ1和λ16)通过发送器(即发送器1和发送器2)在本节点上传。本发明实施例对具体WSS如何组合使用从而组成ROADM节点不做任何限制。此外，本领域技术人员可以理解除了图1b所示的组件外，ROADM还可以根据具体需要包含光放大器，波长转换器等其他子器件。为了简化描述，后续实施例均以单输入多输出(即1*N)的WSS为例，但是实际上，本发明的实施例也是适用于其他类型的WSS，例如：N*1的WSS以及N*M的WSS。
ROADM具备动态选择波长的能力，可以通过软件远程配置其WSS模块来实现。具体地，如图3a所示，现在的WSS模块可以简单地划分为处理单元和光学器件单元两大块，并对外提供一个交互接口，从而实现外部控制信号输入到WSS以及WSS模块的反馈信号的输出。其中，处理单元用于实现对输入信号的处理并控制部分光学器件的参数(例如：控制空间光调制器的电压从而改变某些波长信号的输出 端口)，可以包括现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array，简称FPGA)，随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，简称RAM)，只读存储器(Read Only Memory，简称ROM)和LCOS空间光调制器控制电路(或控制器)，模数转换器件(Analog Digital Convers ion，简称ADC)等组件。
衡量WSS器件的性能指标包括端口数、通道串扰、端口串扰和器件体积等。其中，本发明主要涉及端口数和通道串扰两个性能参数。具体地，以空间光调制器为LCOS为例，当前，WSS的端口数Np可以通过如下公式来计算：
Np＝(tanθ)*L/Δ；
其中，θ为光束在LCOS空间光调制器上的空间偏转角度(有时也称为衍射角度或衍射角)，tan为对θ做正切函数运算，L为衍射光栅到LCOS空间光调制器的距离(单位：毫米(mm)),Δ为出端口(1*N的WSS)或者入端口(N*1的WSS)光纤排列的间距。作为一个示例，可以参看图3b所示的简化等效光路图中所标识的θ和L。值得说明的是，端口数Np根据WSS具体的设计和制作技术的不同，还可以通过其他方式来计算，但是当前不同的计算方式有一个共同的特点就是：端口数跟衍射角以及衍射光栅和空间光调制器的距离成正比，即通过增大θ或者L可以增大端口数。但是由于空间光调制器的器件工艺限制以及对WSS的体积(或大小)要求，这两个参数的增大都是有一定范围限制的。
类似地，以光斑为圆形光斑为例，WSS的通道串扰R可以通过如下公式计算：
R＝10log{exp[-(W/R)2]}
其中，W是两个光斑的间距，R为光斑半径，具体请参看图3c的示例。值得说明的是，根据WSS具体的设计和制作技术的不同，可能导致光斑具备不同的特性，例如：不同的光斑形状(椭圆形，圆形或矩形等)，因此针对具体的光斑特性，通道串扰还可以通过其他方式来计算。但是，不同的计算方式有一个共同的特点就是：两个光斑间的通道串扰跟两光斑间的间距成反比，即通过增大光斑间的间距可以减少通道串扰，尤其是相邻的两个光斑的通道串扰。
图4给出了本发明实施例提供的一种可能的WSS功能模块示意图。具体地，该WSS包括三个部分，即输入光路单元301，光斑偏转单元302和输出光路单元303。其中，所述光斑偏转单元302包括控制单元302a(有时也称为控制电路)和偏转器件302b(有时也称为偏转单元)，所述偏转单元包括至少两个偏转面，所述控制电路用于控制入射到所述至少两个偏转面的光信号的空间偏转角度。需要说明的是，该控制单元可以重用图3a所示的现有的处理单元的资源(例如：内存，FPGA资源等)或者通过扩展图3a所示的现有的处理单元来实现其功能。所述控制电路可以通过获取外部控制信号来对偏转单元的空间偏转角度进行控制，如果需要，还可以输出一些反馈信号。
具体地，所述偏转可以是通过反射型器件来实现，或是通过衍射型器件来实现，本发明实施例对具体使用的方法不做任何限定。所述光斑偏转单元用于对由所述输入光路单元301输出的多个单波长光信号偏转预设的空间角度并发送到所述输出光路部分。通过光斑偏转单元实现对不同的光信号偏转预设的空间角度，该WSS可以使得入射到输出光路单元里光器件的光斑相对位置发生变化，(例如： 增大光斑间距离，又如：改变光斑的入射范围)，从而使WSS具备了改善通道串扰和/或端口数的能力。
下面将基于上面所述的本发明实施例涉及的共性方面，对本发明实施例进一步详细说明。除非特殊说明，下面描述的实施例中的光纤为单模或多模光纤，本发明对具体使用的光纤类型不做任何限制。
实施例1
图5a为本发明实施例提供的一种可能的WSS结构示意图。值得说明的是图5a仅包含了WSS的光学器件部分，控制单元省略没有给出，但是在具体描述中需要时会提及。
在图5a中，301部分，即输入光路单元，包括输入阵列3011、第一偏振控制器3012、第一透镜3013、第一衍射光栅3014和第一整形系统3015。其中，第一偏振控制器3012的位置可以变化。第一偏振控制器3012还可以在输入光路单元中的输入阵列之前。具体地，所述第一偏振控制器3012可以是玻片型偏振控制器，也可以是其他类型的偏振控制器，如光纤偏振控制器。
所述输入阵列3011，用于对输入到WSS装置的光信号(例如：包含C波段80个波长的光信号，又如：包含L波段的16个波长的光信号。本实施例中以5个波长为例)进行准直输入。在1*N的WSS中，输入阵列3011可以是1根光纤,如图5a所示的I(1)；而在N*1或者N*N的WSS中，输入阵列3011可以是按照一定方式排列的N根光纤，例如：等间距排成一条直线或者按照一定平面距离排成一个矩形等。所述第一偏振控制器3012用于将经输入阵列输出的光信号进行偏振处理，将其由随机偏振光转换成线偏振光。所述第一透镜3013用于对光信号进行聚焦准直，但是不改变其空间相对位置。所述第一衍射光栅3014用于对多个波长的光信号进行处理，使得该光信号在空间上分开，从而得到多个单波长光信号。简言之，第一衍射光栅对一个多波长信号实现空间解复用，从而得到多个单波长光信号。所述第一整形系统3015用于对单波长光信号(本实施例中为5个单波长信号)的形状进行修整(又称整形)，将调整为WSS的光学系统所需的特定形状，比如：椭圆形或者圆形等形状；也可以是将光信号的光斑大小进行改变，但是第一整形系统不改变光斑的间距。具体地，所述的第一整形系统可以是柱面镜，还可以是其他具有整形功能的光学器件，例如：透镜。
在图5a中，302a部分，即偏转单元3021(或偏转器件)，用于对输入到该单元的光斑进行空间角度的偏转。具体地，具体的空间偏转角度是通过图4所示的控制部分发送控制信号给所述偏转单元3021来控制的。偏转单元3021可以是LCOS芯片(也简称为LCOS)、反射镜组或者是MEMS转镜组。以偏转单元3021为LCOS芯片为例，LCOS本身由多个偏转面组成，因此，可以通过加载不同周期电压，对入射LCOS表面的不同光信号实现不同或相同的衍射(或反射)角度控制，从而对不同的单波长信号实现相同或者不同的空间角度的偏转。又例如，当偏转单元3021是MEMS转镜组(即包含多个MEMS转镜)时，每个MEMS转镜可以通过两个不同轴向的驱动电压来进行控制，从而实现对入射到不同MEMS转镜的光信号实现一定角度 的偏转。
需要说明的是，本发明实施例的偏转单元3021的偏转面至少为两个，不同的偏转面可以对入射到该偏转的光信号进行相同或者不同角度的空间位置的偏转，例如：如图5b和图5c所示，其中，λ1，λ3和λ5偏转的角度相同，λ2和λ4偏转的角度相同，但是λ1跟λ4偏转的空间角度不同。但是本发明实施例对入射到偏转面的单波长光信号的个数关系不做任何限定，可以是一个偏转面对应一个单波长信号，也可以是其他形式，例如：多个单波长信号对应一个偏转面等。在本实施例中，假设该偏转单元3021有5个能够独立控制的偏转面，可以分别对输入到该单元的5个单波长信号的光斑进行空间角度的偏转。如图5b所示为入射到偏转单元3021的光斑示意图，即图5a中的光斑1。其中，λ1，λ2，λ3，λ4和λ5为5个光斑所对应的波长编号；W1为两个任意相邻的光斑的间距；R1为任意一个光斑的半径。如图5c所示为从偏转单元3021输出的光斑示意图，即图5a中的光斑2。其中，λ1，λ2，λ3，λ4和λ5为5个光斑所对应的波长编号；W2为两个任意相邻的光斑的间距；R1为任意一个光斑的半径。由图5b和图5c可以看出，偏转单元3021不改变光斑的大小(即在图5b和图5c中R1保持不变)，但是改变了光斑间的相对位置。具体地，λ1，λ3和λ5所对应的光斑被偏转单元3021从原来的Y轴数值为0移动到Y轴数值为某正数值(例如：2.5mm(毫米))；而λ2和λ4所对应的光斑则被发射单元从原来的Y轴数值为0移动为Y轴数值为某负数值(例如：-2.5mm(毫米))。假设原来两个相邻的光斑间距离为5mm，那么经由偏转单元3021的两个光斑的间距增大为(大约)7.1mm。根据前面提到的通道串扰计算公式示例可以看出，该WSS通过增加光斑间的间距，从而达到了降低了光斑间(不同的单波长光信号)的通道串扰效果。
在图5a中，303部分，即输出光路单元，包括LCOS空间光调制器3031、第二整形系统3032、第二衍射光栅3033、第二透镜3034、第二偏振控制器3035和输出阵列3036。其中，第二偏振控制器3035的位置是可以变化的。第二偏振控制器3035还可以在输出光路单元中的输出阵列之后。具体地，所述第二偏振控制器3035可以是玻片型偏振控制器，也可以是其他类型的偏振控制器，如光纤偏振控制器。
LCOS空间光调制器3031用于对由偏转单元3021输出的多个单波长光信号进行空间偏转角度的调整使其可以从预先设定的(一个或者多个)输出光纤(即输出阵列的某个光纤端口)输出。所述第二整形系统3032用于对其输入的光信号(例如：本实施例中为5个单波长光信号)进行整形，将其从特定形状(例如：圆形或者是椭圆形)调整回为输入到WSS光学系统前的形状。所述第二衍射光栅3033用于其输入的光信号进行处理，从而使得需要经由同一出口输出的多个波长信号进行空间复用。所述第二透镜3034用于对输出的多个单波长光信号进行准直和整形，但是不改变其空间相对位置。所述第二偏振控制器3035用于将其输入的光信号进行偏振处理，将其由线偏振光转换回随机偏振光。所述的输出阵列3036用于对其输入的光信号进行输出准直。在1*N或N*N的WSS中，所述输出阵列3036是N根光纤,例如：等间距排成一条直线(如图5a所示的O(1)，…，O(N))或者按照一定平面距离排成一个矩形等。而在N*1的WSS中，输出阵列3036是1根光纤。
图6为本发明实施例提供的一种可能的端口数相关参数的示意图。其中，θ为光束在LCOS空间光调制器3031上的偏转角度，L为第二衍射光栅3033到LCOS空间光调制器的距离,D为光斑偏转单元的偏转单元3021可以对光斑进行调整的最大值。因为入射到LCOS空间光调制器3035的光斑位置不再是固定的相对位置，而是可以通过光斑偏转单元进行一定范围的调整。因此，本申请前面提到的WSS端口数的计算公式不再适用，而是根据本发明实施例提供的参数修正为：
Np＝[(tanθ)*L+D]/Δ
例如，假设θ为5度，L值为100mm(毫米)，Δ为0.25mm。现有的WSS可以支持的端口数Np＝tan5*100/0.25＝34。按照图5a的例子，假设偏转单元对于光斑的偏转范围D＝5mm，那么本发明实施例中的WSS可以支持的端口数Np＝(tan5*100+5)/0.25＝54。由此可见，本发明实施例中的光斑偏转单元对光斑的位置进行灵活的调整，可以提高WSS的端口数目。
图7为本发明实施例提供的一种端口数增大的示意图。需要说明的是，为了简化说明，图中仅包含了部分关键的光学器件。LCOS空间光调制器3031当前从第34端口输出一个波长光信号，且该光斑已经处于LCOS空间光调制器3031可以调节的最高位置，相应地，其偏转角度(又可以称为衍射角)已经调节到最大(即5度)。此时，如果该波长光信号需要从第34端口改到第54端口输出，需要通过控制单元输入控制信号到偏转单元3021的偏转角度，将对应的光斑位置调整5mm。在保证LCOS空间光调制器3031的衍射角(或者偏转角度)不变的前提下，实现了从第34端口到第54端口的输出。
需要补充说明的是，如果LCOS空间光调制器3031的衍射方向跟光斑偏转单元中的偏转单元3021可调整的空间角度方向为同一方向，那么用于控制LCOS空间光调制器3031具体输出到某个出纤端口的输入控制信号的具体数值计算可以通过一个一维算法来实现。如果LCOS空间光调制器3031的衍射方向跟光斑偏转单元中的偏转单元3021可以调整的方向为不同方向，例如，两者方向互相垂直，那么用于控制LCOS空间光调制器3031具体输出到某个出纤端口的输入的控制信号的数值计算可以通过一个二维算法来实现。不论采用何种算法和具体算法的纬度数，都可以通过在如图2所示的控制单元，如FPGA，来实现外部输入的控制信号到具体控制偏转单元的数值转换计算。本发明实施例对控制单元的具体设计不做任何限定。
实施例2
图8a为本发明实施例提供的另一种可能的WSS结构示意图。
图8a中的301部分、302a部分和303部分包含的光器件类型和功能，跟图5a的301部分、302a部分和303部分包含的光器件类型和功能相同，此处不做赘述。
两者区别在于，图8a中中的301部分输入阵列3011包含了两个输入光纤阵列和第一衍射光栅3014包含两层的光栅。对应地，302a部分包含了两个偏转单元，即偏转单元3021和偏转单元3022，该偏转单元为分层排列，303部分包含了LCOS空间光调制器3031和第二衍射光栅3032也为两层。另外的不同之处在于光斑为椭 圆形，而非图5所示的圆形。
具体地，两个输入光纤可以用于输入不同波段的光信号，例如分别输入C波段和L波段的光信号。然后，两层的第一衍射光栅3014和第二衍射光栅3033可以分别对两个不同波段的光信号进行空间解复用和空间复用。对应地，两层偏转单元，接收控制单元的控制信号，可以对输入的至少两个单波长信号进行对应的空间偏转角度的调整，从而使得进入LCOS空间光调制器的光斑位置发生改变，从而最终通过不同的输出阵列输出。具体地，图8a中给出的光斑1的分布图如图8b所示，其中，λ1，λ2，λ3，λ4和λ5为C波段的5个光斑所对应的波长编号；λA，λB，λC，λD和λE为L波段的5个光斑所对应的波长编号。经过了所述两层的偏转单元后，光斑的位置发生了改变，其光斑示意图(即光斑2)如图8c所示。例如，λB相对于入射前的波长向Y轴的负方向移动，其与其它移动后的光斑的间距增加，因此其通道串扰的性能可以得到改善。又例如，λC经过偏转单元后，其位置改变到了另外一个波段所在的光斑分布范围里，因此可以其可以选择的输出端口数目增加。因为光斑(或单波长光信号)入射到LCOS空间光调制器3031的位置可以发生改变，因此可以增大其出纤端口范围，即增加了WSS所能支持的端口数目。类似地，通过调整光斑的位置，即增大光斑的间距(例如：图8c的λ1和λ2的间距较图8b中有增大)，降低了WSS的通道串扰。
实施例3
图9a为本发明实施例提供的又一种可能的WSS结构示意图。
图9a中的输入光路单元301、偏转单元302a和输出光路单元303包含的光器件类型和功能，跟图5a的输入光路单元301、偏转单元302a和输出光路部分303包含的光器件类型和功能相同，此处不做赘述。
图9a与图5a的不同之处在于：
1)图9a的输出光路单元303还包括了反射镜3037，用于防止光信号发生空间重叠；需要补充说明的是：反射镜3037不会改变光斑的相对位置；反射镜的位置可以根据实际需要调整，本发明实施例不对其具体位置做任何限制；
2)图9a的输入光路部分301和输出光路部分303使用了同一组光器件(即整形系统3015，偏振控制器3012，衍射光栅3014和透镜3013)来达到不同的功能，这是利用了光路可逆的原理。例如，在本实施例中，输入光路部分301利用所述衍射光栅3014来对一个包含多个波长的光信号进行空间位置的解复用，以使得每个波长的光信号可以单独进行后续的处理，而输出光路部分303则利用同一个衍射光栅3014来对多个单波长的光信号进行空间复用，即使得多个光信号可以合并后经过同一个光纤输出。这么做可以进一步降低器件数量，从而降低WSS的体积。但是具体地，如何对单个多波长进行组合并输出特定数量的光信号输出是根据具体业务需求来决定的。
3)图9a的偏转单元302a包含了两个偏转单元(即偏转单元3021和偏转单元 3022)，两个偏转单元为级联排列，且两者之间还放置了透镜3023，用于准直和聚焦。在具体的应用中，可以包含两个或者两个以上的偏转单元。需要说明的是，透镜3023是可选的光组件。
4)图9a的光斑为椭圆形，而非圆形。
需要说明的是，上述描述的输入部分和输出部分共用一组器件来完成互为逆过程的功能也可以应用在实施例2中。
图9b、9c和9d示出了本实施例的光斑1、光斑2和光斑3的示意图，其中，λ1，λ2，λ3，λ4和λ5为5个光斑所对应的波长编号。假设图9d的所示光斑为LCOS空间光调制3031器需要的目标光斑分布图。在入射偏转单元3021之前，5个光斑在X轴呈等间距排列。经过偏转单元3021后，5个光斑的相对位置发生改变，具体地，λ1，λ3和λ5往Y轴的正方向移动了一定的距离，λ2和λ4往Y轴的反方向移动了一定的距离。经过偏转单元3022后，5个光斑的相对位置进一步地发生改变，具体地，λ1，λ3和λ5往Y轴的正方向进一步移动了一定的距离，λ2和λ4往Y轴的反方向进一步移动了一定的距离。在每个偏转单元能够对入射光斑作用的空间偏转角度有限制，无法通过一个偏转单元实现预定的目标光斑的空间偏转角度时，通过多个偏转单元的级联来完成光斑的偏转。
从图9b、9c和9d可以看出，通过两个级联的偏转单元后，光斑间的间距增大，从而能够降低通道间的串扰。此外，跟现有技术只能通过固定的位置入射到LCOS空间相位调制器不同，本发明的实施例通过多级偏转单元调整了光斑的偏转角度，使其能够改变一定的入射范围，从而增大了其可输出的范围，即增大了端口数。
实施例4
图10为本发明实施例提供的一种可能的WSS的简化结构示意图。
具体地，该WSS包括衍射光栅3014、光斑偏转单元302、LCOS空间光调制器3031和输出阵列3036，其中：
衍射光栅3014，用于对入射到该器件的至少一个多波长光信号进行空间解复用，从而输出多个单波长光信号；
光斑偏转单元302，用于对所述多个单波长光信号进行预设的空间角度偏转，用于改变所述多个单波长光信号入射到所述LCOS空间光调制器的空间位置，所述多个单波长光信号中至少两个单波长光信号的预设的空间偏转角度不同；
LCOS空间光调制器3031，用于对经由所述光斑偏转单元偏转后的多个单波长光信号进行空间角度偏转，以使所述多个单波长光信号从所述输出阵列的预设输出端口输出；
所述输出阵列3036，包括多个输出端口，用于准直输出从所述LCOS空间光调制器接收的空间位置偏转后的所述多个单波长光信号。
图10所示的光斑1和光斑2的形状可以是多种例如：圆形，又如：椭圆形。以光斑为圆形为例，针对图10的光斑1和光斑2的描述跟针对图5中针对光斑的描述相同，此处不做赘述。
光斑偏转单元包括偏转器件和控制电路，其中，控制电路用于控制入射到偏转器件的光信号的空间角度偏转的角度。具体地，偏转器件是硅基液晶LCOS、反射镜组或微机电系统MEMS转镜组。需要说明的是，偏转器件包括至少两个偏转面，两个偏转面用于对入射的光信号偏转相同或不同的空间角度。
当光斑偏转单元包括多个偏转器件时，该多个偏转器件可以为多层排列，或者为级联排列，这样的设计可以进一步的提升偏转单元的空间角度偏转的能力，从而能够进一步提升WSS的端口数目，以及增强WSS改善端口串扰的能力。可选地，当多个偏转器件为级联排列时，每两个偏转器件之间还包括透镜，用于对所述光信号进行准直和聚焦。
通过光斑偏转单元来改变光斑的位置，从而使得光信号可以从更多的输出光纤端口输出，提升了WSS的端口数目。此外，光斑偏转单元通过改变光斑位置以增大光斑间的间距，从而使得WSS具备改善通道串扰的能力。
实施例5
图11为本发明实施例提供的一种可能的光波长选择的方法流程图。该方法用于将一个或者多个多波长光信号(又称第一光信号)选取出任意波长信号进行组合后输出到预设的输出端口。
S1：通过衍射光栅，对至少一个多波长光信号进行空间解复用，输出多个单波长光信号(又称第二光信号)；
S2：通过光斑偏转单元，对所述第二光信号按照预设的空间角度进行偏转，用于改变所述第二光信号入射到LCOS空间光调制器的空间位置，所述多个单波长光信号中至少两个单波长光信号的预设的空间偏转角度不同；
S3：通过LCOS空间光调制器，对经由所述光斑偏转单元偏转的所述第二光信号进行空间角度偏转，使所述第二光信号从输出阵列中预设的输出端口输出；
S4：通过输出阵列，准直输出从所述LCOS空间光调制器接收的空间角度偏转后的所述多个单波长光信号。
所述至少一个多波长光信号经过如图5、图8、图9或图10所示的光器件组合处理。具体地，该多波长光信号经过的光器件和该器件对多波长光信号的作用(或功能)参考上述四个实施例中的详细描述，此处不做赘述。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种波长选择开关WSS，其特征在于，所述WSS包括衍射光栅、光斑偏转单元、硅基液晶LCOS空间光调制器和输出阵列，其中：
    所述衍射光栅，用于对第一光信号进行空间解复用，输出多个第二光信号，所述第一光信号包括多个波长,所述第二光信号为单波长光信号；
    所述光斑偏转单元，用于对所述多个第二光信号偏转预设的空间偏转角度，以改变所述多个第二光信号入射到所述LCOS空间光调制器的空间位置，所述多个第二光信号中至少两个第二光信号的预设的空间偏转角度不同；
    所述LCOS空间光调制器，用于对经由所述光斑偏转单元偏转后的多个第二光信号进行空间角度偏转，以使所述多个第二光信号输出到所述输出阵列的预设输出端口；
    所述输出阵列，包括多个输出端口，用于准直输出从所述LCOS空间光调制器接收的空间角度偏转后的所述多个第二光信号。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的WSS，其特征在于，所述光斑偏转单元包括偏转器件和控制电路，所述控制电路用于控制所述偏转器件对入射到所述偏转器件的光信号进行空间角度偏转的角度。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的WSS，所述偏转器件包括至少两个偏转面，所述两个偏转面用于对入射的光信号偏转相同或不同的空间角度。
  4. 如权利要求2或3所述的WSS，其特征在于，所述偏转器件是硅基液晶LCOS、反射镜组或微机电系统MEMS转镜组。
  5. 如权利要求1至4任一所述的WSS，其特征在于，所述光斑偏转单元包括至少两个偏转器件，所述至少两个偏转器件为多层排列。
  6. 如权利要求1至4任一所述的WSS，其特征在于，所述光斑偏转单元包括至少两个偏转器件，所述至少两个偏转器件为级联排列。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的WSS，其特征在于，所述至少两个偏转器件之间包括透镜，所述透镜用于对所述多个第二光信号进行准直和聚焦。
  8. 一种波长选择的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    通过衍射光栅,对第一光信号进行空间解复用，输出多个第二光信号，所述第一光信号包括多个波长，所述第二光信号为单波长光信号；
    通过光斑偏转单元，对所述多个第二光信号进行预设的空间角度偏转，以改变所述多个第二光信号入射到所述LCOS空间光调制器的空间位置，所述多个第二光信号中至少两个第二光信号的预设的空间偏转角度不同；
    通过LCOS空间光调制器，对经由所述光斑偏转单元偏转的所述多个第二光信号进行空间角度偏转，以使所述多个第二光信号从输出阵列中预设的输出端口输出；
    通过输出阵列，准直输出从所述LCOS空间光调制器接收的空间角度偏转后的所述多个第二光信号。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述光斑偏转单元包括偏转器件和控制电路，所述控制电路用于控制所述偏转器件对入射到所述偏转器件的光信号进行空间角度偏转的角度。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的方法，所述偏转器件包括至少两个偏转面，所述两个偏转面用于对入射的光信号偏转相同或不同的空间角度。
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