WO2018188355A1 - 一种地下磁感应无线通信装置与方法 - Google Patents
一种地下磁感应无线通信装置与方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018188355A1 WO2018188355A1 PCT/CN2017/114243 CN2017114243W WO2018188355A1 WO 2018188355 A1 WO2018188355 A1 WO 2018188355A1 CN 2017114243 W CN2017114243 W CN 2017114243W WO 2018188355 A1 WO2018188355 A1 WO 2018188355A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
- H04B1/40—Circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
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- the invention belongs to the technical field of underground wireless communication, and relates to an underground magnetic induction wireless communication device and method.
- Wireless underground sensor network is an important emerging technology field developed on the basis of traditional wireless sensor networks. It is widely used in many fields such as smart agriculture, mine rescue, geological disaster prediction, and underground pipe network monitoring. Underground wireless communication technology is a key technology for the development of wireless underground sensor networks.
- the communication method commonly used in traditional wireless sensor networks is electromagnetic wave wireless communication technology.
- the transmission medium of information in wireless underground sensor networks has changed from air to composite media such as soil, sandstone and moisture.
- Electromagnetic wave wireless communication faces severe challenges, such as high path loss, unstable channel and large antenna size. It can be seen that electromagnetic wave wireless communication technology is not suitable for underground environment, and the development of new underground wireless communication technology is an urgent need for the development of underground wireless underground sensor networks.
- MI magnetic-induction
- the basic principle of magnetic induction wireless communication is Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.
- the wireless transmission of information is realized by the coupling of quasi-static magnetic field between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna. Since the magnetic permeability of the transmission medium such as soil, sand, and moisture is basically the same, the magnetic The channel is stable, there is no multipath loss, and the antenna size is too large, which is more suitable for wireless underground sensor networks than electromagnetic wave wireless communication.
- the theory of magnetic induction wireless communication is very mature and proven in the laboratory.
- a magnetic inductively coupled wireless communication system based on transmitting and receiving coils is the simplest method, but a single coil is affected by the coupling angle between the coils in the process of transmitting and receiving signals, which limits magnetic induction wireless communication.
- the scope of application is the simplest method, but a single coil is affected by the coupling angle between the coils in the process of transmitting and receiving signals, which limits magnetic induction wireless communication.
- the present invention provides an underground magnetic induction wireless communication device and method.
- the transmission and reception antenna has a spherical structure and is composed of three conductor coils which are perpendicular to each other, and has a simple structure.
- the channel is stable, the signal is not affected by the coupling angle, and can adapt to the complex and varied environment of the underground. It has good feasibility and broad application prospect in the wireless underground sensor network.
- the present invention provides an underground magnetic induction wireless communication device, which comprises a plurality of wireless communication units, and realizes wireless signal transmission between adjacent wireless communication units; each wireless communication unit is composed of a microprocessor and a transmission module.
- the receiving module and the transmitting and receiving antenna are composed of the microprocessor, and the transmitting module, the transmitting and receiving antenna, the receiving module and the microprocessor are sequentially connected to form a signal transmission circuit, and the transmitting and receiving antenna is provided with a numerical control switch, and the transmitting module and the receiving module are both
- the digital switch is connected to the transmitting and receiving antenna, and the microprocessor realizes the conversion of receiving and transmitting through the numerical control switch to the transmitting and receiving antenna;
- the transmitting and receiving antenna is a spherical structure, which is composed of three equal-diameter conductor coils perpendicularly intersecting each other, and three The center of the conductor coil is coincident; when installed, the wireless communication unit is sequentially arranged along the transmission direction of the signal, and
- the microprocessor selects a low-power ARM chip, and the microprocessor is connected to the sensor for collecting environmental information; in addition, the microprocessor is connected with the DIP switch for node address coding, and is powered by the microprocessor during power-on.
- the I/O port reads in the node address.
- the wireless communication unit is provided with a signal modulation and demodulation circuit, and adopts a 2ASK modulation and demodulation method, wherein the modulation circuit is disposed in the transmitting module, the demodulation circuit is disposed in the receiving module, and the signal modulation portion is through the built-in UART serial port function of the microprocessor.
- the information collected by the sensor is encoded to generate a baseband signal, the crystal oscillator is used to generate a carrier signal, the baseband signal and the carrier signal are 2ASK modulated by a NAND gate circuit; the signal demodulation portion is externally connected with a timing resistor and a capacitor setting frequency selection circuit The center frequency, the received signal passes through the frequency selective circuit of the demodulation chip, and the presence or absence of the carrier signal is converted into a 0/1 baseband signal to realize 2ASK demodulation.
- the transmitting module comprises a signal modulating circuit and a power amplifying circuit, wherein the power amplifying circuit comprises a resonant power amplifying circuit composed of a high power transistor, and the modulating signal is loaded onto the transmitting and receiving antenna through the power amplifying circuit.
- the receiving module comprises a signal amplifying circuit, a narrow band filtering circuit and a signal demodulating circuit, wherein the signal amplifying circuit is composed of a low noise triode, and the receiving signal is connected to the demodulating chip after being amplified by two stages, and the demodulating chip comprises a narrow band phase lock phase
- the ring and a transistor switch perform signal demodulation while narrowband filtering the input signal.
- the conductor coil is wound by a copper wire, and a resonant capacitor is connected in parallel at both ends to improve the transmission and reception efficiency.
- the coils are independent of each other, and the radius and the number of turns are determined by the use environment.
- a resonant capacitor is connected in parallel at each end of each conductor coil to improve the transmission and reception efficiency.
- the resonant capacitor value C is determined by the measured inductance value L of the coil and the signal transmission frequency f.
- the calculation formula is The transmitting and receiving modules are connected to the spherical antenna through a digital control switch, and the switching between data transmission and reception can be realized by controlling the digital control switch by the microprocessor.
- a communication method for an underground magnetic induction wireless communication device wherein signals at both ends of the communication are transmitted in the form of magnetic signals, and the magnetic channel composed of the transmitting and receiving antennas transmits both the magnetic signal and the magnetic signal, and the specific steps are as follows:
- An alternating magnetic field, three two-two orthogonal conductor coils together generate an alternating three-dimensional magnetic field, at which time the electrical signal is converted into a magnetic signal, and the information is transmitted through the magnetic field;
- the receiving end receiving antenna is in an alternating magnetic field, and the magnetic flux in the closed region of each conductor coil changes with the alternating magnetic field, and the sinusoidal signal I having the same phase characteristic as I 1 is induced in the three conductor coils.
- I' 2 , I" 2 three two or two orthogonal conductor coils induce magnetic field information from different directions, convert the magnetic signal into an electrical signal, and superimpose and demodulate the three electrical signals through the adder Original information.
- the present invention replaces the conventional electromagnetic wave wireless communication technology with a magnetic induction wireless communication technology, and transmits information through a quasi-static magnetic field between the transmitting and receiving antennas, that is, a "magnetic channel" in an underground environment, the communication channel is stable, and there is no multipath loss. Improve the reliability of information transmission.
- the transmitting and receiving antenna adopts a spherical structure and is composed of three identical conductor coils. The coils are independent of each other, and the two are perpendicular to each other. When transmitting signals, the three coils together generate an alternating three-dimensional magnetic field. When receiving signals, the three coils are different from each other. The direction senses the magnetic field information.
- the invention has the advantages of simple structure, flexible size and convenient installation, and can be used as a data sending node or a data receiving node in the wireless underground sensing network, thereby facilitating bidirectional transmission of information between nodes.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a design of an underground magnetic induction wireless communication system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a magnetic induction wireless transceiver antenna according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of modulation and demodulation of a 2ASK signal according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the operation of the underground wireless sensor network node based on the magnetic induction wireless communication technology.
- a wireless underground magnetic induction communication device includes a plurality of wireless communication units, and wireless signal transmission is implemented between adjacent wireless communication units; each wireless communication unit is composed of a microprocessor, a transmitting module, a receiving module, and The transceiver antenna is composed of a microprocessor, and the transmitting module, the transmitting and receiving antenna, the receiving module and the microprocessor are sequentially connected to form a signal transmission circuit, and the transmitting and receiving antenna is provided with a numerical control switch, and the transmitting module and the receiving module both pass the numerical control switch Connected to the transmitting and receiving antenna, the microprocessor realizes the conversion of receiving and transmitting to the transmitting and receiving antenna through the numerical control switch.
- the microprocessor loads the signal from the transmitting module to the transmitting and receiving antenna, the transmitting and receiving antenna is in the transmitting state, and transmits the signal to the next wireless communication unit.
- the transmitting and receiving antenna of the next wireless communication unit is in the receiving state, and the receiving module receives the signal. Pass it to its microprocessor for processing.
- the device in the wireless sensor network can be used as both a data transmitting node and a data receiving node.
- the microprocessor selects the STM32 series chip based on ARM core produced by STMicroelectronics.
- the chip has abundant peripheral resources and is connected with different types of sensors in the sensor network to collect environmental information such as temperature and humidity.
- the DIP switch is connected to the microprocessor for node address coding, and the node address is read through the microprocessor I/O port upon power-on.
- Transmitter The information collected by the sensor is output by the serial port after being encoded by the microprocessor.
- the output digital signal is connected to the modulation circuit. After ASK modulation, the power amplifier circuit is connected.
- the intensity of the induced magnetic field is proportional to the current when the magnetic induction signal is sent.
- a larger emission current is obtained with a smaller power consumption, and a high-current triode 8550 is used to form a resonant (C-type) power amplifying circuit to amplify the modulated signal, and the amplified signal is transmitted through the digital control switch to the transmitting and receiving antenna.
- Receiving end The antenna senses the magnetic field information. When the communication distance is long, the received signal obtained by the antenna coupling is very weak. In order to extend the communication distance, the low-noise transistor 9014 is used to form a two-stage amplifying circuit to high-amplify the received signal, and the signal after amplification is connected.
- the demodulation chip is connected to the microprocessor through the serial port after being demodulated by ASK, and the original information is read out by the microprocessor decoding.
- the transceiver antenna is a spherical structure, which is composed of three equal-diameter conductor coils perpendicularly intersecting each other, and the centers of the three conductor coils coincide.
- the wireless communication unit is sequentially arranged along the transmission direction of the signal, and the center of the transceiver antenna is located on the same horizontal line to form a magnetic channel.
- Each conductor coil is made of copper wire. The radius and the number of turns are determined by the use environment.
- a resonant capacitor is connected in parallel at both ends of the coil to improve the transmission and reception efficiency. The resonant capacitor value C is measured by the coil and the signal transmission frequency.
- the resonant capacitors use adjustable capacitive components.
- the device transmits information through a quasi-static magnetic field between the transmitting and receiving antennas, ie, a "magnetic channel.”
- the alternating magnetic field, three orthogonal conductor coils together produce an alternating three-dimensional magnetic field, at which time the electrical signal is converted into a magnetic signal, and the information is transmitted through the magnetic field; the receiving end receiving antenna is in an alternating magnetic field.
- the magnetic flux in the closed region of each of the conductor coils changes with the alternating magnetic field, and the sinusoidal signals I 2 , I' 2 , I" 2 , three of the three conductor coils which have the same phase characteristics as I 1 are induced.
- the two orthogonal conductor coils induce magnetic field information from different directions, convert the magnetic signal into an electrical signal, and superimpose and demodulate the three electrical signals through an adder to restore the original information.
- the device uses 2ASK modulation and demodulation mode, and 2ASK modulation is also called OOK (On-Off Keying) modulation.
- the data is transmitted with 100% energy.
- the circuit is simple, the demodulation is easy, and the system reliability is improved.
- the modulation terminal microprocessor encodes the read node address information and the information collected by the sensor to generate a baseband signal, and outputs the carrier signal through the serial port output, the 250KHZ crystal oscillator, and the baseband signal and the carrier signal realize the 2ASK modulation through the 74HC00 NAND gate circuit.
- the demodulation end selects the integrated phase-locked loop chip LMC567, sets the center frequency of the frequency selection circuit through the external timing resistor and capacitor, and receives the signal through the frequency selection circuit of the demodulation chip to convert the presence or absence of the carrier signal into 0/1.
- Baseband signal for 2ASK demodulation
- the invention is an underground magnetic induction wireless communication method specially designed for an underground environment, and is mainly used for a wireless underground sensing network.
- the device can be used as a data sending node or as a data receiving. Nodes can implement half-duplex communication between nodes.
- the intelligent agricultural sensor network as an example, the device is buried in the soil and connected with different types of sensors to collect information such as temperature and humidity of the soil.
- Figure 4 is a flow chart of the monitoring node, which mainly includes the following steps:
- Step one monitoring the node system to power on, performing initial setting, including microprocessor initialization and sensor initialization, reading in the node address, turning on the timer, and then entering the receiving mode;
- Step 2 In the receiving mode, it is judged whether there is information to be received, and if there is no information to be received, it remains waiting for receiving state; if there is information to be received, the information is received and the receiving address information is extracted, and the receiving address information is used to determine whether it is sent to the node.
- the data if it is, reads the data, saves it and displays it. If not, it switches to the send mode to forward this information out, and then switches back to the receive mode to continue to wait for the receive state.
- Step 3 If the timer count reaches 5s during the waiting period (the timing time is set according to the application requirement), the wake-up sensor collects environmental information such as temperature and humidity, and after collecting the information, switches to the transmission mode, and adds and receives the collected information. After the address letter is sent out, then switch back to the receiving mode and enter the waiting for receiving state.
- environmental information such as temperature and humidity
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种地下磁感应无线通信装置与方法，用磁感应无线通信技术代替了传统的电磁波无线通信技术，在地下环境中通过收发天线之间的准静态磁场即"磁信道"传递信息，通信信道稳定，不存在多路径损耗，提高了信息传输可靠性。收发天线采用球形结构，由3个相同的导体线圈构成，线圈相互独立，两两之间相互垂直，发送信号时3个线圈共同产生一个交变的三维磁场，接收信号时3个线圈从不同的方向感应磁场信息，因此，收发天线之间不受耦合角度的影响，可以以任意角度传输信息，且3个线圈接收可以增大通信距离。本发明结构简单，尺寸灵活，安装方便，在无线地下传感网络中既可以用作数据发送节点也可以用作数据接收节点，便于节点间信息的双向传输。
Description
本发明属于地下无线通信技术领域，涉及一种地下磁感应无线通信装置与方法。
无线地下传感器网络是在传统无线传感器网络基础上发展起来的一个重要新兴技术领域，在智慧农业、矿井救援、地质灾害预测、地下管网监测等多个领域得到广泛的应用。地下无线通信技术是无线地下传感网络发展的关键技术。
传统的无线传感器网络常采用的通信方式是电磁波无线通信技术。无线地下传感器网络中信息的传输介质由空气变为了土壤、砂石、水分等复合介质，电磁波无线通信面临着严峻的挑战，主要存在路径损耗高、信道不稳定、天线尺寸大等问题。由此可知，电磁波无线通信技术不适用于地下环境，发展新型的地下无线通信技术是地下无线地下传感网络发展的迫切需求。
为了解决电磁波通信在地下、矿井等复杂环境下复合介质中数据传输出现的问题，研究人员提出磁感应(Magnetic-Induction，MI)无线通信方法。磁感应无线通信依据的基本原理为法拉第电磁感应定律，通过发送天线和接收天线之间准静态磁场的耦合实现信息的无线传输，由于土壤、砂石、水分等传输介质磁导率基本一致，所以磁信道稳定，不存在多路径损耗，天线尺寸过大的问题，比电磁波无线通信更适用于无线地下传感器网络。磁感应无线通信理论已经非常成熟并且在实验室得到验证。在实际应用中，基于发射和接收线圈构成的磁感应耦合式无线通信系统是最简单的方式，但是单一线圈在收发信号的过程中会受到线圈之间耦合角度的影响，这一点限制了磁感应无线通信的应用范围。
发明内容
针对地下复杂环境中无线通信技术目前存在的问题，本发明提供一种地下磁感应无线通信装置与方法，其收发天线为球形结构，由三个两两之间相互垂直的导体线圈构成，结构简单、信道稳定、收发信号不受耦合角度的影响，能够适应地下复杂多变的环境，在无线地下传感网络中具有良好的可行性和广阔的应用前景。
本发明为解决上述技术问题提出一种地下磁感应无线通信装置，包括若干个无线通信单元，相邻的无线通信单元之间实现无线信号传输；每一个无线通信单元均由微处理器、发送模块、接收模块和收发天线组成，所述微处理器与发送模块、收发天线、接收模块以及微处理器顺次连接，构成一个信号传输回路，所述收发天线设有数控开关，发送模块和接收模块均通过数控开关与收发天线连接，微处理器通过数控开关对收发天线实现接收与发射的转换；所述收发天线为球形结构，分别由三个等直径的导体线圈两两垂直相交组成，且三个导体线圈的圆心重合；安装时，无线通信单元沿信号的传输方向顺序设置，并使收发天线的中心位于同一水平线上，组成磁信道；通信时，微处理器将信号由发射模块加载到收发天线上，收发天线处于发射状态向下一个无线通信单元发射信号，下一个无线通信单元的收发天线处于接收状态，接收到信号后由接收模块传给其微处理器进行处理。
所述微处理器选用低功耗ARM芯片，所述微处理器连接传感器，用于采集环境信息；此外，微处理器与拨码开关连接，用于节点地址编码，上电时通过微处理器I/O端口读入节点地址。
所述无线通信单元设有信号调制解调电路，选用2ASK调制解调方式，其调制电路设置在发射模块内，解调电路设置在接收模块内，信号调制部分通过微处理器内置的UART串口功能对传感器采集的信息进行编码生成基带信号，利用晶体振荡器产生载波信号，基带信号和载波信号通过与非门电路实现2ASK调制；信号解调部分解调芯片外接的定时电阻和电容设置选频电路的中心频率，接收信号通过解调芯片的选频电路，将载波信号的有无转换成0/1基带信号，实现2ASK解调。
所述发射模块包括信号调制电路和功率放大电路，其中功率放大电路采用谐振式功率放大电路由大功率三极管构成，调制信号通过功率放大电路加载到收发天线上。
所述接收模块包括信号放大电路、窄带滤波电路和信号解调电路，其中信号放大电路由低噪声三极管组成，接收信号经过两级放大之后接入解调芯片，解调芯片内部包含一个窄带锁相环和一个晶体管开关，对输入信号进行窄带滤波的同时完成信号解调。
所述导体线圈由铜制导线绕制而成，两端并联一个谐振电容，用来提高收发效率，线圈相互独立，半径和匝数由使用环境决定。每一个导体线圈两端并联一个谐振电容，用来提高收发效率，谐振电容值C由线圈实测电感值L和信号发送频率f共同决定，其计算公式为
发送和接收模块通过数控开关与球形天线连接，通过微处理器控制数控开关可实现数据发送和接收之间的切换。
一种地下磁感应无线通信装置的通信方法，通信两端的信号以磁信号的形式传输，收发天线组成的磁信道既发送磁信号也接收磁信号，具体步骤为：
1)发送端原始的基带信号通过调制放大之后生成一个交变的正弦波信号I1＝I0e-jwt，将I1同时加载到发送天线的三个导体线圈上，每一个导体线圈周围产生一个交变的磁场，三个两两正交的导体线圈共同产生一个交变的三维磁场，此时电信号转化为磁信号，通过磁场将信息发送出去；
2)接收端接收天线处在交变的磁场中，其每一个导体线圈闭合区域内的磁通随交变的磁场发生变化，三个导体线圈中感应出与I1相同相位特征的正弦信号I2、I’2、I”2，三个两两正交的导体线圈从不同的方向感应磁场信息，将磁信号转化为电信号，将三路电信号通过加法器叠加后放大解调还原出原始信息。
有益效果：本发明用磁感应无线通信技术代替了传统的电磁波无线通信技术，在地下环境中通过收发天线之间的准静态磁场即“磁信道”传递信息，通信信道稳定，不存在多路径损耗，提高了信息传输可靠性。收发天线采用球形结构，由3个相同的导体线圈构成，线圈相互独立，两两之间相互垂直，发送信号时3个线圈共同产生一个交变的三维磁场，接收信号时3个线圈从不同的方向感应磁场信息，因此，收发天线之间不受耦合角度的影响，可以以任意角度传输信息，且3个线圈接收可以增大通信距离。本发明结构简单，尺寸灵活，安装方便，在无线地下传感网络中既可以用作数据发送节点也可以用作数据接收节点，便于节点间信息的双向传输。
图1为本发明所涉及的地下磁感应无线通信系统设计框图。
图2为本发明所涉及的磁感应无线收发天线结构示意图。
图3为本发明所涉及的2ASK信号调制解调示意图。
图4为基于磁感应无线通信技术的地下无线传感网络节点工作流程图。
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方法作进一步的说明：
如图1所示，一种无线地下磁感应通信装置包括若干个无线通信单元，相邻的无线通信单元之间实现无线信号传输；每一个无线通信单元均由微处理器、发送模块、接收模块和收发天线组成，所述微处理器与发送模块、收发天线、接收模块以及微处理器顺次连接，构成一个信号传输回路，所述收发天线设有数控开关，发送模块和接收模块均通过数控开关与收发天线连接，微处理器通过数控开关对收发天线实现接收与发射的转换。通信时，微处理器将信号由发射模块加载到收发天线上，收发天线处于发射状态向下一个无线通信单元发射信号，下一个无线通信单元的收发天线处于接收状态，接收到信号后山接收模块传给其微处理器进行处理。无线传感网络中本装置既可以用作数据发送节点也可以用作数据接收节点。
所述微处理器选用意法半导体公司生产的基于ARM内核的STM32系列芯片，该芯片具有丰富的外设资源，在传感器网络中与不同类型的传感器连接，用于采集温度、湿度等环境信息。拨码开关与微处理器连接，用于节点地址编码，上电时通过微处理器I/O端口读入节点地址。发送端：传感器采集的信息经过微处理器编码之后由串口输出，输出的数字信号接入调制电路，经过ASK调制后接入功率放大电路，磁感应信号发送时感应磁场强度与电流大小成正比，为了以较小的功耗获得较大的发射电流，选用大电流三极管8550构成谐振式(丙类)功率放大电路对调制信号放大处理，放大之后的信号通过数控开关接入收发天线发送出去。接收端：天线感应磁场信息，当通信距离较远时天线耦合得到的接收信号非常微弱，为了延长通信距离选用低噪声三极管9014组成两级放大电路对接收信号进行高倍放大，放大之后的信号接入解调芯片，经过ASK解调之后由串口接入微处理器，通过微处理器解码读出原始信息。
如图2所示，所述收发天线为球形结构，分别由三个等直径的导体线圈两两垂直相交组成，且三个导体线圈的圆心重合。安装时，无线通信单元沿信号的传输方向顺序设置，并使收发天线的中心位于同一水平线上，组成磁信道。每一个导体线圈由铜制导线绕制而成，半径和匝数由使用环境决定，线圈两端并联一个谐振电容，用来提高收发效率，谐振电容值C由线圈实测电感值L和信号发送频率f共同决定，其计算公式为
为了匹配不同尺寸的收发天线，谐振电容选用可调电容器件。该装置通过收发天线之间的准静态磁场即“磁信道”传递信息。发送端原始的基带信号通过调制放大之后生成一个交变的正弦波信号I1＝I0e-jwt，将I1同时加载到发送天线的三个导体线圈上，每一个导体线圈周围会产生一个交变的磁场，三个两两正交的导体线圈共同产生一个交变的三维磁场，此时电信号转化为磁信号，通过磁场将信息发送出去；接收端接收天线处在交变的磁场中，每一个导体线圈闭合区域内的磁通随交变的磁场发生变化，三个导体线圈中会感应出与I1相同相位特征的正弦信号I2、I’2、I”2，三个两两正交的导体线圈从不同的方向感应磁场信息，将磁信号
转化为电信号，将三路电信号通过加法器叠加后放大解调还原出原始信息。
如图3所示，本装置选用2ASK调制解调方式，2ASK调制又称为OOK(On-Off Keying)调制，以100％的能量进行数据传输，电路简单，解调容易，提高了系统可靠性。调制端微处理器将读取的节点地址信息和传感器采集的信息进行编码生成基带信号，通过串口输出，250KHZ的晶体振荡器产生载波信号，基带信号和载波信号通过74HC00与非门电路实现2ASK调制；解调端选用集成锁相环路芯片LMC567，通过外接的定时电阻和电容设置选频电路的中心频率，接收信号通过解调芯片的选频电路，将载波信号的有无转换成0/1基带信号，实现2ASK解调。
本发明的一种地下磁感应无线通信方法的实施例，结合实施例以及图4对本发明的工作过程作进一步说明。本发明是针对地下环境特别设计的一种地下磁感应无线通信方法，主要用于无线地下传感网络，在无线地下自组织传感网络中本装置既可以用作数据发送节点也可以用作数据接收节点，可以实现节点间半双工通信。以智慧农业传感网络为例，将本装置埋入土壤中，连接不同类型的传感器，可以采集土壤的温度、湿度等信息。图4为监测节点工作流程图，主要包括以下步骤：
步骤一，监测节点系统上电，进行初始化设置，包括微处理器初始化和传感器初始化，读入节点地址，开启定时器，然后进入接收模式；
步骤二，在接收模式下判断是否有信息需要接收，如果没有信息需要接收则保持等待接收状态；如果有信息需要接收则接收信息并提取接收地址信息，通过接收地址信息判断是否是发送给本节点的数据，如果是则读取数据，保存并显示，如果不是则切换到发送模式将此信息转发出去，然后切换回接收模式继续保持等待接收状态。
步骤三，在等待接收期间如果定时器计数到达5s(定时时间根据应用需求设定)，则唤醒传感器采集温度、湿度等环境信息，采集完信息后切换到发送模式，将采集的信息加上收发地址信后发送出去，然后切换回接收模式，进入等待接收状态。
Claims (7)
- 一种地下磁感应无线通信装置，其特征在于，包括若干个无线通信单元，相邻的无线通信单元之间实现无线信号传输；每一个无线通信单元均由微处理器、发送模块、接收模块和收发天线组成，所述微处理器与发送模块、收发天线、接收模块以及微处理器顺次连接，构成一个信号传输回路，所述收发天线设有数控开关，发送模块和接收模块均通过数控开关与收发天线连接，微处理器通过数控开关对收发天线实现接收与发射的转换；所述收发天线为球形结构，分别由三个等直径的导体线圈两两垂直相交组成，且三个导体线圈的圆心重合；安装时，无线通信单元沿信号的传输方向顺序设置，并使收发天线的中心位于同一水平线上，组成磁信道；通信时，微处理器将信号由发射模块加载到收发天线上，收发天线处于发射状态向下一个无线通信单元发射信号，下一个无线通信单元的收发天线处于接收状态，接收到信号后由接收模块传给其微处理器进行处理。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种地下磁感应无线通信装置，其特征在于，所述微处理器选用低功耗ARM芯片，所述微处理器连接传感器，用于采集环境信息；此外，微处理器与拨码开关连接，用于节点地址编码，上电时通过微处理器I/O端口读入节点地址。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种地下磁感应无线通信装置，其特征在于，所述无线通信单元设有信号调制解调电路，选用2ASK调制解调方式，其调制电路设置在发射模块内，解调电路设置在接收模块内，信号调制部分通过微处理器内置的UART串口功能对传感器采集的信息进行编码生成基带信号，利用晶体振荡器产生载波信号，基带信号和载波信号通过与非门电路实现2ASK调制；信号解调部分解调芯片外接的定时电阻和电容设置选频电路的中心频率，接收信号通过解调芯片的选频电路，将载波信号的有无转换成0/1基带信号，实现2ASK解调。
- 根据权利要求1或3所述的一种地下磁感应无线通信装置，其特征在于，所述发射模块包括信号调制电路和功率放大电路，其中功率放大电路采用谐振式功率放大电路由大功率三极管构成，调制信号通过功率放大电路加载到收发天线上。
- 根据权利要求1或3所述的一种地下磁感应无线通信装置，其特征在于，所述接收模块包括信号放大电路、窄带滤波电路和信号解调电路，其中信号放大电路由低噪声三极管组成，接收信号经过两级放大之后接入解调芯片，解调芯片内部包含一个窄带锁相环和一个晶体管开关，对输入信号进行窄带滤波的同时完成信号解调。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种地下磁感应无线通信装置，其特征在于，所述导体线圈由铜制导线绕制而成，两端并联一个谐振电容，用来提高收发效率，线圈相互独立，半径和匝数由使用环境决定。
- 利用权利要求1-6任意一项权利要求所述的一种地下磁感应无线通信装置的通信方法，其特征在于，通信两端的信号以磁信号的形式传输，收发天线组成的磁信道既发送磁信号也接收磁信号，具体步骤为：1)发送端原始的基带信号通过调制放大之后生成一个交变的正弦波信号I1＝I0e-jwt，将I1同时加载到发送天线的三个导体线圈上，每一个导体线圈周围产生一个交变的磁场，三个两两正交的导体线圈共同产生一个交变的三维磁场，此时电信号转化为磁信号，通过磁场将信息发送出去；2)接收端接收天线处在交变的磁场中，其每一个导体线圈闭合区域内的磁通随交变的磁场发生变化，三个导体线圈中感应出与I1相同相位特征的正弦信号I2、I’2、I’2’，三个两 两正交的导体线圈从不同的方向感应磁场信息，将磁信号转化为电信号，将三路电信号通过加法器叠加后放大解调还原出原始信息。
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