WO2018188329A1 - 一种带阻抗映射功能的高灵敏度接收机前端电路 - Google Patents

一种带阻抗映射功能的高灵敏度接收机前端电路 Download PDF

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WO2018188329A1
WO2018188329A1 PCT/CN2017/110346 CN2017110346W WO2018188329A1 WO 2018188329 A1 WO2018188329 A1 WO 2018188329A1 CN 2017110346 W CN2017110346 W CN 2017110346W WO 2018188329 A1 WO2018188329 A1 WO 2018188329A1
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circuit
impedance
low
signal
frequency
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PCT/CN2017/110346
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陈思正
马磊
闫娜
闵昊
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复旦大学
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/06Receivers
    • H04B1/16Circuits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/06Receivers
    • H04B1/10Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/06Receivers
    • H04B1/10Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference
    • H04B1/1009Placing the antenna at a place where the noise level is low and using a noise-free transmission line between the antenna and the receivers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/06Receivers
    • H04B1/10Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference
    • H04B1/1018Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference noise filters connected between the power supply and the receiver

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a high-sensitivity receiver RF front-end circuit with impedance mapping function.
  • the narrow-band Internet of Things (IoT) as a cellular Internet of Things technology uses ultra-narrowband, repetitive transmission, and reduced network protocols to sacrifice the performance of a low-power wide-area network at a sacrifice of a certain rate, delay, and mobility performance. Therefore, the design of a low-cost and low-power receiver front-end that can be flexibly configured is becoming a major trend in the development of the receiver front-end.
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • the low-cost on-chip anti-jamming technology of the receiver is the main goal and difficulty of the current design. Because with the continuous development of wireless communication technology, spectrum resources are becoming more and more tense, and there may be multiple wireless communication signals in the same area. The spacing between the spectrum occupied by different protocols is very narrow. For example, the minimum interval between the Sub-GHz band in which the narrowband Internet of Things is located and the 900 MHz GSM downlink band specified in the United States is only 8 MHz. Congested spectrum applications can cause the receiver to be interfered with by high-intensity interfering signals. Mutual interference between signals on different spectrums has become an important bottleneck in the development of wireless communications. The off-chip filter is usually used to suppress the interference signal, but the cost is high, and the high-quality filter at high frequencies is difficult to implement on the chip.
  • the impedance mapping principle of passive mixers is a solution to achieve on-chip anti-interference.
  • the impedance between the various modules on the front end of the traditional receiver cannot be mapped because the modules are isolated by a buffer level.
  • a large number of studies at home and abroad directly use the mixer as the first stage of the receiver, and only perform impedance mapping once, but there is no gain in the front stage, no noise suppression on the latter stage circuit, and leakage of the local oscillator signal directly through the mixer.
  • the proposed scheme increases the impedance mapping by active negative feedback, and increases the low-noise transconductance amplifier to suppress the leakage of the post-stage noise and the local oscillator.
  • the RF-end filtering formed after the low-noise transimpedance amplifier can also effectively improve the out-of-band. Inhibition ability.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a high sensitivity receiver RF front end circuit with impedance mapping function. It forms a high quality factor filter at the RF without adding extra cost and power. It can normalize the useful signal in the band, suppress the noise of the latter circuit, and attenuate the out-of-band signal, improve the anti-interference ability of the receiver, and improve the dynamic range of the whole receiver.
  • the RF front-end circuit of the receiver with impedance mapping function proposed by the invention has the structure shown in FIG. 1 and includes: a linearity compensation circuit (1), a low-noise transconductance amplifier circuit (2), and an active negative feedback circuit ( 3), frequency divider circuit (4), passive mixer circuit (5), non-inverting transimpedance amplifier (6) and quadrature transimpedance amplifier (7); wherein linearity compensation circuit (1) low noise cross
  • the lead amplifier circuit (2) and the active negative feedback circuit (3) are connected in parallel to realize the first stage, and the latter stage is directly connected to the passive mixer circuit (5), and the local oscillator signal is passively mixed by the frequency divider circuit (4).
  • the frequency converter circuit (5) is connected; the output of the passive mixer circuit (5) is respectively connected to the in-phase transimpedance amplifier (6) and the quadrature transimpedance amplifier (7).
  • the linearity compensation circuit (1) is for compensating for the nonlinearity introduced by the low noise transconductance amplifier circuit (2).
  • the low noise transconductance amplifier (2) is configured to convert the voltage of the input signal into a current to reduce the voltage swing of the first stage and improve the anti-interference ability; and has low noise performance and reduces the entire receiver. The noise.
  • the active negative feedback circuit (3) is configured to transmit the impedance of the latter stage to the input end, and further transmit the band pass impedance mapped by the passive mixer circuit (5) to the input, so that the useful signal is input End matching, the out-of-band blocking signal does not match.
  • the frequency divider circuit (4) is configured to generate a multi-phase clock to cooperate with a passive mixer for downmixing and to implement a baseband impedance mapping function.
  • the passive mixer circuit (5) is configured to down-mix the radio frequency signal into a low frequency signal and has an impedance mapping function to map the impedance at the low frequency to the radio frequency end centered on the local oscillator frequency.
  • the non-inverting transimpedance amplifier (6) and the quadrature transimpedance amplifier (7) are used to convert a current signal into a voltage signal, and the input impedance has a low-pass characteristic.
  • the in-phase transimpedance amplifier (6) is used to process the in-phase signal
  • the quadrature transimpedance amplifier (7) is used to process the quadrature signal.
  • the core of the invention lies in the combination of an active negative feedback circuit and a passive mixer circuit and a transimpedance amplifier, which not only provides noise suppression after the stage, but also improves sensitivity. Moreover, a high quality factor filter is formed at the output of the low noise transconductance amplifier, and the impedance is transmitted to the input stage to reflect the energy of the out-of-band interference signal.
  • the receiver RF front-end circuit with impedance mapping function proposed by the invention mainly maps the low-pass impedance characteristic of the transimpedance amplifier input end to the local frequency with the local oscillator frequency through the impedance mapping function of the passive mixer.
  • the impedance of the bandpass characteristic is formed. Therefore, the in-band useful current signal can be amplified and the signal is amplified; the out-of-band blocking current signal passes through the low resistance, and the signal is attenuated.
  • the receiver RF front-end circuit with impedance mapping function of the invention has a first-stage active negative feedback circuit capable of transmitting the impedance of the latter stage to the input end, and mapping the path of the passive mixer circuit The pass impedance is further transmitted to the input such that the useful signal is matched at the input and the out-of-band blocking signal does not match.
  • the impedance mapping of the entire receiver maps the impedance characteristics at low frequencies to the RF.
  • the low-pass impedance characteristic at the input of the resistive amplifier (7) is mapped to the RF terminal centered on the local oscillator frequency to form a bandpass characteristic impedance.
  • this band-pass impedance characteristic further transmits the impedance to the input through the active negative feedback circuit (3), so that the impedance forms a path at the front end of the receiver, completing the complete impedance mapping from the baseband to the RF end, which is compared with the conventional The front end of the receiver is very different.
  • the impedance map in the present invention is related to the local oscillator frequency, changing the local oscillator frequency, the center frequency of the map is also changed, so that the equivalent form a wide frequency range and the center frequency is configurable with a selection.
  • Sexual filter When the wanted signal and the out-of-band blocking signal enter the input from the antenna simultaneously, the input impedance of the first-stage circuit composed of the low-noise transconductance amplifier circuit (2) and the active negative feedback circuit (3) is blocked at the wanted signal and out-of-band.
  • the signals are different, making the useful signal power match and blocking the signal energy reflection.
  • the useful signal and the blocking signal are converted into current, and the band-pass impedance characteristic formed by the passive mixer.
  • the useful signal is high impedance and is amplified.
  • the blocking signal is low impedance, and the blocking signal is further suppressed, so that the anti-interference ability of the receiver is enhanced.
  • a linearity compensation circuit (1) is added to compensate for the nonlinearity introduced by the low-noise transconductance amplifier circuit (2).
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a receiver RF front-end circuit with impedance mapping.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing impedance mapping characteristics of a receiver RF front-end circuit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the suppression effect of the impedance mapping of the full link on the out-of-band interference signal in the case where the receiver RF front-end circuit has a strong interference signal according to the present invention.
  • the in-phase transimpedance amplifier (6) and the quadrature transimpedance amplifier (7) operate normally, and their input impedances exhibit low-pass characteristics. Then, through the frequency divider circuit (4), the passive mixer circuit (5) is input with a four-phase non-overlapping clock, and the input signal is passed through the passive mixer circuit (5) to the in-phase transimpedance amplifier (6) and The orthogonal transimpedance amplifiers (7) are respectively charged and discharged, so that the low-pass impedance characteristics at the low frequency are mapped to the RF terminals centered on the local oscillation frequency, forming a band-pass characteristic of a high quality factor at the radio frequency.
  • the high-pass impedance characteristic further transmits the impedance to the input through the active negative feedback circuit (3), so that the impedance forms a path at the front end of the receiver, forming a complete mapping link at the front end of the receiver.
  • the local oscillator frequency changes, and the center frequency of the impedance map changes accordingly.
  • the receiver front end equivalently forms a high quality factor filter with a wide frequency range and a center frequency variable. The effect of the impedance mapping with the local oscillator frequency can be seen in Figure 2.
  • the input impedance of the first stage circuit consisting of the low noise transconductance amplifier circuit (2) and the active negative feedback circuit (3) is different at the wanted signal and the out-of-band blocking signal, so that the useful signal power is matched to block the signal energy reflection.
  • the useful signal and the blocking signal are converted into current, and the band-pass impedance characteristic formed by the passive mixer.
  • the useful signal is high impedance and is amplified.
  • the blocking signal is low impedance, and the blocking signal is further suppressed, so that the anti-interference ability of the receiver is enhanced.
  • the transconductance amplifier (including the in-phase transimpedance amplifier (6) and the quadrature transimpedance amplifier (7)) converts the signal into a voltage, and the blocking signal is further attenuated due to the low-pass filtering characteristics of the transimpedance amplifier.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Noise Elimination (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Superheterodyne Receivers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明属于无线通信技术领域,具体为一种带有阻抗映射功能的高灵敏度接收机射频前端电路。本发明电路包括:线性度补偿电路、低噪声跨导放大器电路、有源负反馈电路、分频器电路、无源混频器电路、同相跨阻放大器和正交跨阻放大器;本电路利用无源混频器的阻抗映射功能,将低频处带有低通特性的阻抗,映射到以本振频率为中心的射频端,在低噪声跨导放大器的输出端等效形成一个高频高品质因子的带通滤波器。低噪声跨导放大器在接收机第一级提供增益,有效抑制后级电路的噪声贡献提高整个链路的灵敏度,并且利用低噪声跨导放大器的有源负反馈,将阻抗映射到输入端,利用输入端的阻抗匹配,进一步抑制带外阻塞信号,使得接收机的抗干扰能力进一步增强,提高了整个前端的动态范围。

Description

一种带阻抗映射功能的高灵敏度接收机前端电路 技术领域
本发明属于无线通信技术领域,具体涉及一种带有阻抗映射功能的高灵敏度接收机射频前端电路。
背景技术
随着智慧城市、大数据、人工智能时代的来临,无线通信技术将会在其中扮演越来越重要角色并作为桥梁实现万物互联。移动通信正在从人和人的连接,向人与物以及物与物的连接迈进,万物互联是必然趋势。物联网世界存在大量的传感类和控制类的链接需求,这些连接速率要求很低,但是对功耗和成本非常敏感,且分布范围很广,连接规模巨大,现有的3G/4G技术从成本和功耗上无法满足要求。例如:窄带物联网作为一种蜂窝物联网技术采用超窄带、重复传输、精简网络协议等设计,以牺牲一定速率、时延、移动性性能,获取面向低功耗广域网的承载能力。因此,可灵活配置的低成本和低功耗接收机前端的设计,正成为接收机前端发展的重大趋势。
接收机低成本片上抗干扰技术是目前设计的主要目标和难点。因为随着无线通信技术不断发展,频谱资源也越来越紧张,同一个区域内可能存在多种无线通信信号。不同协议占据的频谱之间的间隔很窄。例如窄带物联网所处的Sub-GHz频段和美国规定的900MHz GSM下行链路频段的最小间隔就只有8MHz。拥挤的频谱应用会导致接收机被带外高强度干扰信号的干扰。不同频谱上信号之间的相互干扰已经成为无线通信发展的一个重要瓶颈。通常会使用片外滤波器对干扰信号进行抑制,但其成本较高,高频处高品质因子的滤波器在片上难以实现。
利用无源混频器的阻抗映射原理是实现片上抗干扰的一个解决方案。传统的接收机前端各个模块之间的阻抗无法进行映射,因为各个模块之间用缓冲级进行了隔离。国内外有大量研究直接使用混频器作为接收机第一级,只进行一次阻抗映射,但存在前级没有增益对后级电路噪声抑制不够以及本振信号直接通过混频器的泄露问题,本发明提出的方案通过有源负反馈增加一次阻抗映射,并且增加低噪声跨导放大器能够抑制后级噪声和本振的泄露,在低噪声跨阻放大器之后形成的射频端滤波也可以有效提高带外抑制能力。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种带有阻抗映射功能的高灵敏度接收机射频前端电路。它在不增加额外成本和功耗的情况下,在射频处形成一个高品质因子的滤波器。可以正常放大带内的有用信号,抑制后级电路的噪声,还可以对带外信号进行衰减,提高接收机的抗干扰能力,使整个接收机的动态范围得到提高。
本发明提出的带有阻抗映射功能的接收机射频前端电路,其结构如图1所示,包括:线性度补偿电路(1)、低噪声跨导放大器电路(2)、有源负反馈电路(3)、分频器电路(4)、无源混频器电路(5)、同相跨阻放大器(6)和正交跨阻放大器(7);其中,线性度补偿电路(1)低噪声跨导放大器电路(2)和有源负反馈电路(3)并联实现第一级,后级直接连接无源混频器电路(5),本振信号通过分频器电路(4)与无源混频器电路(5)连接;无源混频器电路(5)的输出分别接入同相跨阻放大器(6)和正交跨阻放大器(7)。
所述的线性度补偿电路(1),用于补偿低噪声跨导放大器电路(2)引入的非线性。
所述的低噪声跨导放大器(2),用于将输入信号的电压转化为电流,以减小第一级的电压摆幅,提高抗干扰能力;并且具有低噪声的性能,降低整个接收机的噪声。
所述的有源负反馈电路(3),用于将后一级的阻抗传输到输入端,将无源混频器电路(5)映射的带通阻抗进一步传输到输入,使得有用信号在输入端匹配,带外阻塞信号不匹配。
所述的分频器电路(4),用于产生多相位时钟以配合无源混频器进行下混频以及实现基带阻抗的映射功能。
所述的无源混频器电路(5),用于将射频信号下混频为低频信号,并且有阻抗映射的功能,将低频处的阻抗映射到以本振频率为中心频率的射频端。
所述的同相跨阻放大器(6)和正交跨阻放大器(7),用于将电流信号转化为电压信号,并且输入端阻抗具有低通特性。其中,同相跨阻放大器(6)用于处理同相信号,正交跨阻放大器(7)用于处理正交信号。
本发明的核心在于有源负反馈电路和无源混频器电路以及跨阻放大器的结合使用,不仅可以提供增益抑制后级的噪声,提高灵敏度。而且在低噪声跨导放大器输出端形成高品质因子的滤波,并将该阻抗传输到输入级,将带外干扰信号的能量反射。
本发明提出的带有阻抗映射功能的接收机射频前端电路,主要是通过无源混频器的阻抗映射功能,将跨阻放大器输入端的低通阻抗特性,映射到以本振频率为中心频率的射频端,形成带通特性的阻抗。因此可以实现带内有用电流信号经过高阻,信号被放大;带外阻塞电流信号经过低阻,信号被衰减。片上等效形成一个高品质因子的射频滤波器,提高接收机的动态范围。
本发明所述的带有阻抗映射功能的接收机射频前端电路,其第一级的有源负反馈电路,能够将后一级的阻抗传输到输入端,将无源混频器电路映射的带通阻抗进一步传输到输入,使得有用信号在输入端匹配,带外阻塞信号不匹配。
接收机工作的时候,整个接收机的阻抗映射是将低频处的阻抗特性映射到射频处。通过无源混频器(5)的阻抗映射功能,将同相跨阻放大器(6)和正交跨 阻放大器(7)输入端的低通阻抗特性,映射到以本振频率为中心频率的射频端,形成带通特性的阻抗。然后,这个带通阻抗特性进一步通过有源负反馈电路(3)将阻抗传输到输入端,使得阻抗在整个接收机前端形成通路,完成了从基带到射频端的完整的阻抗映射,这与传统的接收机前端有很大的不同。另外,由于本发明中的阻抗映射是与本振频率相关的,改变本振频率,其映射的中心频率也随之改变,因此等效形成了一个宽频率范围并且中心频率可配置的带有选择性的滤波器。在有用信号和带外阻塞信号同时进入由天线输入时,低噪声跨导放大器电路(2)和有源负反馈电路(3)组成的第一级电路的输入阻抗在有用信号处和带外阻塞信号处不同,使得有用信号功率匹配而阻塞信号能量反射。经过低噪声跨导放大器电路(2)后,有用信号和阻塞信号转化为电流,经过无源混频器形成的带通阻抗特性。有用信号处为高阻,被放大。阻塞信号处为低阻,阻塞信号被进一步抑制,使得接收机的抗干扰能力增强。为了进一步增加接收机的抗带外干扰能力,加入线性度补偿电路(1),补偿低噪声跨导放大器电路(2)引入的非线性。
附图说明
图1为带有阻抗映射功能的接收机射频前端电路的示意图。
图2为本发明的接收机射频前端电路的阻抗映射特性示意图。
图3为本发明的接收机射频前端电路在有强干扰信号情况下,全链路的阻抗映射对带外干扰信号的抑制作用的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合图1,详细描述实施带有阻抗映射功能的接收机射频前端电路的具体实例。
在初始状态,接收机上电后,同相跨阻放大器(6)和正交跨阻放大器(7)正常工作,其输入阻抗分别呈现低通特性。然后通过分频器电路(4),给无源混频器电路(5)输入四相位的非交叠时钟,输入信号通过无源混频器电路(5)对同相跨阻放大器(6)和正交跨阻放大器(7)分别充放电,使得低频处的低通的阻抗特性映射到以本振频率为中心频率的射频端,形成了射频处的高品质因子的带通特性。然后,该高通的阻抗特性进一步通过有源负反馈电路(3)将阻抗传输到输入端,使得阻抗在整个接收机前端形成通路,在接收机前端形成了完整的映射链路。当接收机接收的信号频带发生改变,本振频率变化,该阻抗映射的中心频率也随之改变,接收机前端等效形成了一个宽频率范围中心频率可变的高品质因子滤波器。其阻抗映射随本振频率变化效果可以见图2。
当有用信号和带外阻塞信号同时进入由天线输入时,如图3所示。低噪声跨导放大器电路(2)和有源负反馈电路(3)组成的第一级电路的输入阻抗在有用信号处和带外阻塞信号处不同,使得有用信号功率匹配而阻塞信号能量反射。经 过低噪声跨导放大器电路(2)后,有用信号和阻塞信号转化为电流,经过无源混频器形成的带通阻抗特性。有用信号处为高阻,被放大。阻塞信号处为低阻,阻塞信号被进一步抑制,使得接收机的抗干扰能力增强。有用信号和阻塞信号经过无源混频器(5),下混频到中频。最后通过跨阻放大器(包括同相跨阻放大器(6)和正交跨阻放大器(7)),信号转化为电压,同时由于跨阻放大器的低通滤波特性,阻塞信号进一步被衰减。
最后需要特别说明的是,上述事例仅用以说明本发明的技术实现方式,而并非是唯一方案。本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种带有阻抗映射功能的高灵敏度接收机射频前端电路,其特征在于,包括:线性度补偿电路(1)、低噪声跨导放大器电路(2)、有源负反馈电路(3)、分频器电路(4)、无源混频器电路(5)、同相跨阻放大器(6)和正交跨阻放大器(7);其中,线性度补偿电路(1)低噪声跨导放大器电路(2)和有源负反馈电路(3)并联实现第一级,后级直接连接无源混频器电路(5),本振信号通过分频器电路(4)与无源混频器电路(5)连接;无源混频器电路(5)的输出分别接入同相跨阻放大器(6)和正交跨阻放大器(7)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的带有阻抗映射功能的高灵敏度接收机射频前端电路,其特征在于,所述的线性度补偿电路(1),用于补偿低噪声跨导放大器电路(2)引入的非线性。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的带有阻抗映射功能的高灵敏度接收机射频前端电路,其特征在于,所述的低噪声跨导放大器(2),用于将输入的电压信号的转化为电流,以减小第一级的电压摆幅,提高抗干扰能力;并且具有低噪声的性能,降低整个接收机的噪声。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的带有阻抗映射功能的高灵敏度接收机射频前端电路,其特征在于,所述的有源负反馈电路(3),用于将后一级的阻抗传输到输入端,将无源混频器电路(5)映射的带通阻抗进一步传输到输入,使得有用信号在输入端匹配,带外阻塞信号不匹配。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的带有阻抗映射功能的高灵敏度接收机射频前端电路,其特征在于,所述的分频器电路(4),用于产生多相位时钟以配合无源混频器进行下混频以及实现基带阻抗的映射功能。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的带有阻抗映射功能的高灵敏度接收机射频前端电路,其特征在于,所述的无源混频器电路(5),用于将射频信号下混频为低频信号,并且有阻抗映射的功能,将低频处的阻抗映射到以本振频率为中心频率的射频端。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的带有阻抗映射功能的高灵敏度接收机射频前端电路,其特征在于,所述的同相跨阻放大器(6)和正交跨阻放大器(7),将电流信号转化为电压信号,并且输入端阻抗具有低通特性;其中,同相跨阻放大器(6)用于处理同相信号,正交跨阻放大器(7)用于处理正交信号。
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