WO2018184612A4

WO2018184612A4 - Method and system of facilities for energy conversion using carbon dioxide

Info

Publication number: WO2018184612A4
Application number: PCT/DE2018/000074
Authority: WO
Inventors: Zhenhua Xi
Original assignee: Zhenhua Xi
Priority date: 2017-04-04
Filing date: 2018-03-24
Publication date: 2018-12-27
Also published as: CN110392770A; DE102017003238A1; WO2018184612A1; DE102017003238B4; CN110392770B

Abstract

1. Disclosed are a method and a system of facilities for energy conversion using carbon dioxide. 2.1 In comparison with water, carbon dioxide has a lower thermal capacity. Nevertheless, in the critical energy density range of the carbon dioxide, the materials used must withstand a high pressure and temperature. As a result of its low critical point, carbon dioxide can still be used efficiently for the energy conversion of natural heat into work. 2.2 To achieve this, containers are filled with a large amount of CO2 which is heated by heat, e.g. climatic heat. This establishes the basis for the CO2 expansion in heat engines. Prior to the expansion process, the CO2 pressure fluctuations are smoothed and the CO2 fluids are heated further as they flow to the heat engines. After expansion, the fluids can be condensed by e.g. climatic cold. To obtain climatic cold or heat, local or temporal bridging by a CO2 transport facility or a CO2 storage facility is required. In addition to its storage function, the CO2 storage facility also has heating and cooling functions which are adapted to the output of the heat engines. This solves the problem of slower heat transfer of the heat exchangers in relation to faster operation of the heat engines. The CO2 processes in the containers of the CO2 storage facility, such as the heat transfer process, also do not run continuously but in batches. The CO2 circulation process in the CO2 heat engine facility is therefore a transient flow process. 2.3 The problems of climate change, energy shortages and optionally also desertification can thus be economically and efficiently solved.

Claims

AMENDED CLAIMS received by the International Bureau on 08 November 2018 (08.09.2018)

1. A process for energy conversion by means of carbon dioxide as a working medium for the heat engines, characterized in that the method is carried out on a plant system comprising the following five plants:

1.1 A heat exchanger system with the following features:

1.1.1 At least one container with a volume of at least 27 cubic meters and

1.1.2 is partially or completely thermally insulated on its outer wall, and

1.1.3 is placed in the at least one metal line (5) from top to bottom, within which the fluids flow via an import of gas (1) from top to bottom, and

1.1.4 in the lower wall area there is an export of gas (2) from which e.g. the flue gas flows through the metal pipe, and

1.1.5 in the lower part of an input is present through which the cold water flows into the container, from the top via an import of cold water (3) through a water pipe, which is connected to the entrance, and

.1.6 at the upper wall area an export of heating water (4) exists, from

which passes over the cold water flowing into the container after the heat transfer via the surface of the metal pipe (5) as heating water;

.2 A sedimentation plant with the following characteristics:

.2.1 At least one tank with a volume of at least 27 cubic meters and .2.2 having a sloping bottom for collecting sediments from CG ^* 2 containing fluids, and

.2.3 there is an import of gas (6) in its wall area, and

.2.4 a double valve (7) exists in its lowest floor area for the extraction of sediments from C02-containing fluids, and

.2.5 on the wall of an outlet for the removal of condensed water from the C02-containing fluids is present, and

.2.6 in its upper interior possibly a heat exchanger (10) for

Cooling of C02-containing gas is installed, and

.2.7 at its upper part an export of gas (8) for gas discharge and there is a check valve (9), and

MODIFIED SHEET (ARTICLE 19) an optional fan and / or optional dust filter can be installed when exporting gas (8);

inte CCte liquefaction plant with the following features:

At least one gas compression plant with an optional switchable bypass, and

at least one container for receiving compressed C02-containing fluid, e.g. Flue gas from the gas compression plant, and

a group of heat exchangers for transferring the heat, such as heat of compression from the gas compressor or other usable heat, to heat the carbon dioxide, e.g. are deposited from the C02-containing gas, and / or to heat the existing residual C02-containing gas after CO 2 deposition, and

a group of heat engines for the relaxation of C02 fluids, and / or for the relaxation of the existing residual C02-containing gas after CO-2 deposition, and

a container for receiving the CO 2 fluids which have been expanded in heat engines, and

an optional container for receiving the existing expanded residual CO2-containing gas after CO 2 separation, and

a group of CO 2 liquid containers for storing the CO 2 fluids, wherein the CO 2 liquid containers can be equipped with heat exchangers if necessary, and

an optional group of containers for receiving the existing expanded residual CO 2 -containing gas after CO 2 separation, which containers may be provided with any required heat exchangers;

C02 fluid storage facility with one or two of the following two units: A C02 fluid storage facility with the following features:

1 A group of containers that can be connected by valves, and

MODIFIED SHEET (ARTICLE 19) 38 2 each container of the group has:

3 An import for C02 fluid (11) with an optional shut-off valve (13) and an optional pump (12), as well as a bypass correlated with the pump (12), and

4 shows an export for CO 2 liquid (14) with an optional shut-off valve (15), and 5 at least one safety exit, and

6 possibly one, several or no heat exchanger (16) in the interior, and

7 to partially or completely thermally isolate the outer wall, and

8 to withstand at least the pressure of 20 bar;

A C02 gas storage facility with the following features:

1 A group of containers that can be connected by valves, and

2 each container of the group has:

3 An import of C02 gas (17) with a check valve (19) and an optional fan (18), and a bypass correlated with the fan (18), and4 an export from the CCte gas (20) with an optional check valve (17). 21), and

5 at least one security exit, and

6 one or more or no heat exchanger (22) in the interior, and7 partial or complete or no heat insulation on the outer wall, and

8 to withstand at least the pressure of 1, 2 bar;

Ine C02 heat engine plant with the following features:

A group of heat engines with electric generators, and a heat source plant, which can supply heat to all heat exchangers of the CO2 heat engine plant, and

a refrigeration source system, which can supply cold to all heat exchangers of the CO2 heat engine plant, and

at least two service containers each for delivering or receiving the

MODIFIED SHEET (ARTICLE 19) 39

C02 fluids to or from the heat engines, the operating vessels are equipped with heat exchangers, which in turn are each connected to the heat and / or cooling source systems via switches, and

one or more or no heat exchangers installed directly after the supplying service vessel and connected to the heat and / or cold source systems via switches, and

one or more, or no, heat exchangers installed directly in front of the receiving service vessel and connected to the heat and / or refrigeration source systems via switches, and

a group of CO 2 containers for delivering and / or receiving CO 2 fluids, wherein the CO 2 containers can be equipped with or without heat exchangers, which in turn are each connected to the heat and / or refrigeration source systems via switches;

where

that a large amount, i. from 5000 tons of mass carbon dioxide, as

Working medium is used, and

that for C02 heating, the climatic heat and / or waste heat and / or geothermal, solar heat or other natural heat and / or heat from the combustion of C02-neutral fuels are used, and

that for C02 cooling the climatic cold and / or other natural cold from river water, deep earth, deep seawater and / or other natural

Coolants and / or the possibly generated expansion refrigeration in the

Heat engines are used

that the use of climatic heat or climate cold as described in points 1.7 and 1.8, respectively, is accomplished in one of three ways: on-site, using a C02 transport system or using a C02 storage facility;

that the process of CO 2 heating is carried out batchwise in some CO 2 containers, that the process of CO 2 cooling is carried out batchwise in some CO 2 containers, that the process of CO 2 filling into some CO 2 containers takes place batchwise,

MODIFIED SHEET (ARTICLE 19) 40

1.13 that the process of C02 deliveries from some C02 containers is batchwise

he follows,

1.14 that a C02 cycle is formed in the C02 heat engine plant with several of four subsequent process steps, in which the CC mass may also increase:

1.14.1 Collecting CO 2 using the cold, in particular the natural cold, to cool the CO 2 -containing fluids,

1.14.2 CO 2 liquefaction, where the process of cooling for filling and the process of cooling for liquefaction take place in parallel and / or sequentially in some CO2 containers,

1.14.3 CO 2 heating, where the process of heating for filling, the process of cooling for filling and the process of heating for pressure rise run parallel and / or consecutively in some CO 2 containers,

1.14.4 Converting C02 energy, where the process of heating to relax during the C02 flow to the heat engines, and the CO2 pressure fluctuations may be smoothed.

2. A method for energy conversion by means of carbon dioxide, which is contained in the flue gas from coal power plants or other incinerators, and according to claim 1, characterized in that

2.1 that C02-containing fluid such as flue gas by using the in 1.1 or

1.2 described heat exchanger system or sedimentation and dried using the climatic cold and / or other natural cold, cleaned and thus the C02 content in the fluid is increased,

2.2 that the climatic cold and / or other natural cold and / or the usable expansion refrigeration of gases for cooling and / or for intercooling is used in the gas compression,

2.3 that the heat from fluids obtained in processes 2.1 and / or 2.2 can be used to generate electrical energy,

2.4 that prior to the compression of gas in the C02 liquefaction plant, a procedure of

MODIFIED SHEET (ARTICLE 19) 41

PSA (pressure swing adsorption) or MGS (membrane gas separation) or other method of increasing the CCte content in the gas or none is applied.

3. A method of energy conversion by means of carbon dioxide according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that several of the following three types of energy,

3.1 the heat from flue gas or other waste heat,

3.2 the heat of compression from the gas compression plants,

3.3 the pressure energy required in the CO 2 separation in the CO2 liquefaction plant,

be used for the electrical energy production by the heat machines, with the associated expansion cooling in the relaxation in the

Heat engines

3.4 for the cooling of the gases to be compressed, and / or

3.5 for the intercooling of gas compression plants, and / or

3.6 for the recovery of the pure substances such as oxygen and nitrogen from remaining after C02 deposition residual gas such. from the flue gas, and / or

3.7 for room air conditioning and other cooling purposes and / or

3.8 for nothing, e.g. in an extremely cold winter

can be used.

4. A method for energy conversion by means of carbon dioxide, wherein the CG-2 properties are exploitable voltage and mass density for generating CO 2 high pressure, and according to claim 1, characterized

4.1 that some CO2 containers are filled with CO 2 fluids and

4.2 that they are closed after full completion, and

4.3 that the C02 fluids enclosed in the vessels may be

to be relocated and relocated to other C02 containers, and

4.4 that the closed C02 fluids are heated isochoric, preferably by waste heat or climatic heat, solar heat, geothermal or other

MODIFIED SHEET (ARTICLE 19) 42

Natural heat, and possibly by heat from the combustion of CO2-neutral fuels, and, if necessary, by heat from the combustion of fossil fuels.

5. A method for energy conversion by means of carbon dioxide according to one of

Claims 1 to 4, characterized

5.1 that some C02 tanks are equipped with heat exchangers,

5.2 that the processes of CO 2 heating or cooling in the heat exchanger equipped C02 containers take place in batches and they can run parallel and / or consecutively,

5.3 that the processes of CO 2 -filling into the CO 2 containers or of CO 2 -deliveries from them take place in batches and they can run parallel and / or consecutively,

5.4 that the CO 2 flow process in the C02 heat engine plant by a

Control program for the condition and process management of C02 fluids in some tanks and some heat exchangers of the CO2 heat engine plant is controlled and controlled,

5.5 that the total heating and cooling capacities of the C02 containers are matched to the total electrical power of the heat engines in the system.

6. Method for energy conversion by means of carbon dioxide according to several of

Claims 1 to 5, characterized

6.1 that the CO 2 pressure fluctuations before CO 2 relaxation in the

Heat engines may be smoothed, and

6.2 that the C02 fluids are heated during their inflow to the heat engines, and

6.3 that after CO 2 relaxation in the heat engines, the expanded CO 2 fluids from the cold climate and / or by the use of the cold

River water or other natural cold and / or available cold such as e.g. CO2 expansion refrigeration be liquefied, and

6.4 that the expanded CO 2 fluids are still to be compressed according to 6.3.

7. A method for energy conversion by means of carbon dioxide according to one of

MODIFIED SHEET (ARTICLE 19) 43

Claims 1 to 6, characterized

7.1 that the fluctuation range from the C02 operating pressure before the C02 entry into the

Heat engines is reduced by combined use of nozzles and diffusers for the CO 2 streams if necessary, and / or

7.2 that different heat engines for the different and before

divided C02 operating pressure intervals of the fluctuation range from the CO2 operating pressure before the C02 entry into the heat engines can be used, and / or

7.3 that the two methods in points 7.1 and 7.2 can be used in combination, and / or

7.4 that the backpressure turbines with multi-pressure flows are to be used on demand, if the CO 2 density before the C02 entry into the heat engines is in a subcritical area.

8. Method for energy conversion by means of carbon dioxide according to several of

Claims 1 to 7, characterized

8.1 that the heights of the CO 2 expansion pressure for heat engines should be between 1 and 70 bar,

8.2 that the heights of the C02 expansion pressure according to 8.1 are usually determined depending on the available coolant temperature,

8.3 that the C02 flash pressure as per 8.1 is generally higher than the CO2 pressure in a C02 tank of the C02 heat engine plant after CO2 has cooled there during a process from C02 cooling to the given coolant temperature, the process being performed by CG -2-cooling from the end of the CG-2 delivery from the CO-2 container and after switching from CO 2 heating to CO 2 cooling in the CO 2 container, that is, a process of cooling for filling.

9. A method for energy conversion by means of carbon dioxide according to one of

Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that C02 transport systems such. Channels and / or transmission pipelines, if the CO2

MODIFIED SHEET (ARTICLE 19) 44

Source locations such as coal-fired power plants, no suitable land is available for the construction of the C02 fluid storage facility, and / or if local or temporal

Bypasses needed and these bypasses require the C02 transport.

10. A method for energy conversion by means of carbon dioxide according to several of

Claims 1 to 9, characterized

10.1 that when needed for the refrigeration of the C02 relaxation pressure some

Heat engines should be set as low as possible to produce the cold and more electricity, and

10.2 that the CO 2 gas produced during refrigeration is replaced by one with the

Electricity driven gas compressor is compressed and liquefied by means of natural refrigeration and / or other available refrigeration, and

10.3 that the heat of compression resulting from the compression of C02 gas is used for C02 heating for energy conversion.

11. A method of energy conversion by means of carbon dioxide according to several of

Claims 1 to 10, characterized

11.1 that the CO 2 depressurization pressure for some heat engines a day

As low as possible is to produce more electricity during the day as well as more cold, when the excess electrical mains power is available at night, and

11.2 that the excess electrical mains power at night to drive a

Gas compressor for the compression or liquefaction of the expanded C02 gas is to exploit, and / or,

11.3 that the CO 2 liquid produced during the gas compression and / or the heat of compression discharged from the gas compressor on the day for the electrical

Energy to be used by the heat engines.

12. Plant system for energy conversion by means of carbon dioxide as a working medium, characterized in that the plant system is set up for

MODIFIED SHEET (ARTICLE 19) 45

Energy production according to a method according to one of claims 1 - 11.

MODIFIED SHEET (ARTICLE 19)