WO2018184171A1 - Piston for use in engine cylinder and piston engine - Google Patents

Piston for use in engine cylinder and piston engine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018184171A1
WO2018184171A1 PCT/CN2017/079584 CN2017079584W WO2018184171A1 WO 2018184171 A1 WO2018184171 A1 WO 2018184171A1 CN 2017079584 W CN2017079584 W CN 2017079584W WO 2018184171 A1 WO2018184171 A1 WO 2018184171A1
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Prior art keywords
piston
engine
recess
fuel
cylinder
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PCT/CN2017/079584
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
程明军
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上海长辛实业有限公司
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Application filed by 上海长辛实业有限公司 filed Critical 上海长辛实业有限公司
Priority to CN201780004850.0A priority Critical patent/CN108495991A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2017/079584 priority patent/WO2018184171A1/en
Publication of WO2018184171A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018184171A1/en

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00Pistons 
    • F02F3/26Pistons  having combustion chamber in piston head

Definitions

  • Piston and piston engine for use in engine cylinders
  • the present invention relates to a piston engine, and more particularly to a piston for use in an engine cylinder having a recess provided at the top.
  • the compression-ignition engine is an internal combustion engine that does not rely on spark ignition, but relies on high temperature and high pressure in the cylinder at the end of compression to cause spontaneous combustion of the mixture.
  • Patent document CN101761415A discloses a recessed diesel piston and a compression ignition engine which, after the fuel is injected into the recess, is unfavorable for fuel-air mixing due to an unreasonable spatial distribution of the fuel beam and a short distance to the piston wall. The fuel is not burned enough, and the exhaust pollutants are discharged more; and it is prone to knocking. If these defects are not desired, the engine compression ratio can only be reduced accordingly, which will reduce the power and thermal efficiency of the engine.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a piston and a piston engine for use in an engine cylinder. They can improve the combustion efficiency of the fuel, suppress the occurrence of knocking, and ultimately improve the power and thermal efficiency of the engine.
  • the piston for use in an engine cylinder of the present invention provides a technical solution: a piston for use in an engine cylinder, comprising a recess formed by recessing from the top surface inward, the overall space of the recess being in the shape of a truncated cone, ie
  • the inner diameter of the recess gradually decreases from the bottom surface to the mouth portion, and the ratio of the diameter of the upper bottom of the circular table to the outer diameter of the piston is 0.25 to 0.55; the ratio of the diameter of the lower bottom of the circular table to the outer diameter of the piston is ⁇ 0.4.
  • the angle between the bottom edge of the trapezoidal section of the truncated cone and the side is ⁇ 60°.
  • the piston engine of the present invention comprises a cylinder, a piston sleeved in the cylinder wall and a fuel injector facing the piston, wherein the nozzle of the injector forms a fuel injection cone angle ⁇ 60°;
  • the piston comprises a recess formed by recessing from the top surface, the overall space of the recess being in the shape of a truncated cone, that is, the inner diameter of the recess is gradually reduced from the bottom surface to the mouth portion, and the diameter of the upper bottom of the circular table is
  • the ratio of the outer diameter of the piston is 0.25 to 0.55; the ratio of the diameter of the lower bottom of the circular table to the outer diameter of the piston is ⁇ 0.4.
  • the angle between the bottom edge of the trapezoidal section of the truncated cone and the side is ⁇ 60°.
  • the round table-shaped recess has a more reasonable spatial distribution of the fuel beam after the fuel is injected, and the distance to the piston wall is longer, which is more conducive to fuel air.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a piston engine of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a partial enlarged view of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a dimensional relationship diagram of a notch of the piston of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the intake process of the engine of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of the exhaust process of the engine of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 to 3 which is a piston engine of the present invention, comprising a cylinder and a fuel injector 4, the combustion chamber of the cylinder is surrounded by a cylinder wall 2, a cylinder head 1 and a piston 3 sleeved in the cylinder wall.
  • the injector 4 is located in the middle of the cylinder head 1 and faces the outlet of the top recess of the piston 3.
  • the cylinder head is provided with an air inlet 11, an intake valve 111, an exhaust port 12, and an exhaust valve 121 for injection.
  • the oil jets from the device form a cone angle of 5.
  • a recess 30 is formed in the top surface of the piston 3, which is in the shape of a truncated cone.
  • the oil jet cone angle is larger and coincides with the truncated cone shape of the recess of the present invention.
  • the working principle of the piston engine of the present invention is as follows: the piston reciprocates relative to the cylinder wall, the intake valve moves up and down with respect to the intake port, and the exhaust valve moves up and down with respect to the exhaust port, and these movements coordinate with each other to form an inlet and outlet Gas process.
  • the distribution of the high temperature zone that is, the angle 6 in the process of inlet and exhaust, respectively, is to directly ignite the fuel injected at the end of the compression stroke without requiring a special ignition device. There is also no need for a larger compression ratio to compress the fuel.
  • the nozzle of the injector ejects fuel to the notch of the piston in the combustion chamber to form a fuel beam; the bottom surface of the notch having a trapezoidal shape and a truncated cone shape as a whole A high temperature zone is formed at an angle with the side surface, and the fuel beam injected from the nozzle is in contact with the air in the high temperature zone.
  • the temperature in the high temperature zone is greater than the ignition point of the fuel, the fuel is ignited and ignited, and then enters the power stroke, and the cycle is repeated. , generating power. Therefore, the present invention can directly ignite a fuel having a relatively high ignition point without requiring a special ignition device, and does not require a high compression ratio to compress the fuel while avoiding misfire of the engine.
  • the distance from the fuel jet to the inner side wall of the piston is longer, so that the space distribution of the fuel jet in the recess before combustion is more Uniform, more conducive to the combustion of fuel and air, improve combustion efficiency and reduce emissions of exhaust pollutants.
  • the outlet of the notch is small, in addition to being able to store part of the thermal energy and reduce the consumption of fuel, the instantaneous impact force on the piston is reduced at the moment when the fuel is ignited and burned, thereby reducing or reducing the occurrence of knocking.
  • the compression ratio of the engine can be appropriately increased to increase the power and thermal efficiency of the engine while prolonging the life of the engine.
  • the two-stroke engine structure is somewhat different from the four-stroke engine structure, it is a piston engine. Therefore, the piston structure is applicable to all piston engines, including two-stroke, four-stroke, rotary piston engines and the like. engine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

A piston (3) for use in an engine cylinder and a piston engine which is provided with said piston (3), the piston (3) comprising: a recess (30) which is formed from a top surface to an inner concavity, the overall space of the recess (30) being a truncated cone shape, wherein the ratio of the upper bottom diameter of the truncated cone to the outer diameter of the piston is 0.25-0.55, and the ratio of the lower bottom diameter of the truncated cone to the outer diameter of the piston is ≥0.4. The engine no longer requires a special ignition device, while fuel is combusted more completely, and combustion efficiency is higher; moreover, the size of an outlet of the recess (30) inhibits the production of knocking, which may correspondingly increase the power and thermal efficiency of the engine.

Description

用于发动机气缸内的活塞及活塞式发动机  Piston and piston engine for use in engine cylinders 用于发动机气缸内的活塞及活塞式发动机  Piston and piston engine for use in engine cylinders
技术领域 Technical field
本发明涉及一种活塞式发动机,尤其涉及用于发动机气缸内的活塞,其具有设于顶部的凹口。 The present invention relates to a piston engine, and more particularly to a piston for use in an engine cylinder having a recess provided at the top.
背景技术 Background technique
汽油机、煤油机等传统的点燃式发动机,由于需要专门的电火花来点燃混合气,燃烧中存在爆震等现象,其压缩比较小(8~12),导致其热效率较低,已不能适应热效率越来越高的要求。 Gasoline engines, kerosene engines and other traditional ignition engines, because of the need for special electric sparks to ignite the mixture, there is a phenomenon of knocking in the combustion, the compression is relatively small (8 ~ 12), resulting in low thermal efficiency, can not adapt to thermal efficiency More and more high requirements.
压燃式发动机,是不靠电火花点火,而是依靠压缩终了时缸内的高温、高压引起混合气自燃的内燃机。专利文献CN101761415A公开了一种具凹口的柴油机活塞及压燃式发动机,其在燃料喷射入凹口后,由于燃油束空间分布不合理、到达活塞壁的距离短,不利于燃料空气的混合,燃料燃烧得不充分,尾气污染物排放较多;且容易产生爆震。如果不希望这些缺陷,只能相应地减少发动机压缩比,而这将降低发动机的功率和热效率。 The compression-ignition engine is an internal combustion engine that does not rely on spark ignition, but relies on high temperature and high pressure in the cylinder at the end of compression to cause spontaneous combustion of the mixture. Patent document CN101761415A discloses a recessed diesel piston and a compression ignition engine which, after the fuel is injected into the recess, is unfavorable for fuel-air mixing due to an unreasonable spatial distribution of the fuel beam and a short distance to the piston wall. The fuel is not burned enough, and the exhaust pollutants are discharged more; and it is prone to knocking. If these defects are not desired, the engine compression ratio can only be reduced accordingly, which will reduce the power and thermal efficiency of the engine.
发明内容 Summary of the invention
针对现有技术的不足,本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种 用于发动机气缸内的活塞及活塞式发动机 ,它们既可以提高燃料的燃烧效率,又可以抑制爆震的发生,最终提高发动机的功率和热效率。 In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a piston and a piston engine for use in an engine cylinder. They can improve the combustion efficiency of the fuel, suppress the occurrence of knocking, and ultimately improve the power and thermal efficiency of the engine.
本发明的用于发动机气缸内的活塞,提供了一种技术方案:一种用于发动机气缸内的活塞,包括从顶面向内凹陷形成的凹口,该凹口的整体空间呈圆台形,即凹口的内径由底面到口部逐渐减小,且该圆台的上底直径与活塞外径的比值为0.25~0.55;该圆台的下底直径与活塞外径的比值为≥0.4。 The piston for use in an engine cylinder of the present invention provides a technical solution: a piston for use in an engine cylinder, comprising a recess formed by recessing from the top surface inward, the overall space of the recess being in the shape of a truncated cone, ie The inner diameter of the recess gradually decreases from the bottom surface to the mouth portion, and the ratio of the diameter of the upper bottom of the circular table to the outer diameter of the piston is 0.25 to 0.55; the ratio of the diameter of the lower bottom of the circular table to the outer diameter of the piston is ≥ 0.4.
作为优选的,所述圆台的梯形剖面的底边与侧边的夹角<60°。 Preferably, the angle between the bottom edge of the trapezoidal section of the truncated cone and the side is <60°.
本发明的活塞式发动机,包括气缸,内套于汽缸壁的活塞及正对该活塞的喷油器,所述喷油器的喷嘴形成的喷油束锥角≥60°; The piston engine of the present invention comprises a cylinder, a piston sleeved in the cylinder wall and a fuel injector facing the piston, wherein the nozzle of the injector forms a fuel injection cone angle ≥ 60°;
作为优选的,所述活塞包括从顶面向内凹陷形成的凹口,该凹口的整体空间呈圆台形,即凹口的内径由底面到口部逐渐减小,且该圆台的上底直径与活塞外径的比值为0.25~0.55;该圆台的下底直径与活塞外径的比值为≥0.4。 Preferably, the piston comprises a recess formed by recessing from the top surface, the overall space of the recess being in the shape of a truncated cone, that is, the inner diameter of the recess is gradually reduced from the bottom surface to the mouth portion, and the diameter of the upper bottom of the circular table is The ratio of the outer diameter of the piston is 0.25 to 0.55; the ratio of the diameter of the lower bottom of the circular table to the outer diameter of the piston is ≥ 0.4.
作为优选的,所述圆台的梯形剖面的底边与侧边的夹角<60°。 Preferably, the angle between the bottom edge of the trapezoidal section of the truncated cone and the side is <60°.
本发明不再需要专门的点火装置,且相较于现有的压燃式发动机,圆台形凹口在燃料喷射入后燃油束空间分布更合理、到达活塞壁的距离更长,更利于燃料空气的混合,燃料充分燃烧,燃烧效率更高;且凹口的出口大小抑制了爆震的产生,提高发动机的功率和热效率。 The invention no longer requires a special ignition device, and compared with the existing compression ignition engine, the round table-shaped recess has a more reasonable spatial distribution of the fuel beam after the fuel is injected, and the distance to the piston wall is longer, which is more conducive to fuel air. The mixing, the fuel is fully burned, and the combustion efficiency is higher; and the size of the outlet of the recess suppresses the occurrence of knocking, improving the power and thermal efficiency of the engine.
附图说明 DRAWINGS
图1是本发明的活塞式发动机的剖视图; Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a piston engine of the present invention;
图2是图1的局部放大图; Figure 2 is a partial enlarged view of Figure 1;
图3是本发明的活塞的凹口的尺寸关系图; Figure 3 is a dimensional relationship diagram of a notch of the piston of the present invention;
图4是本发明的发动机的进气过程示意图; Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the intake process of the engine of the present invention;
图5是本发明的发动机的排气过程示意图。 Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of the exhaust process of the engine of the present invention.
图中:1、气缸盖;11、 进气口;111、进气门;12、排气口;121、排气门; 2 、气缸壁;3、活塞;30、凹口。 In the figure: 1, cylinder head; 11, air inlet; 111, intake valve; 12, exhaust port; 121, exhaust valve; , cylinder wall; 3, piston; 30, notch.
具体实施方式 detailed description
现结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。 The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and embodiments.
参看图1~图3,其为本发明的活塞式发动机,包括气缸和喷油器4,所述气缸的燃烧室由气缸壁2、气缸盖1和内套于汽缸壁的活塞3围成,喷油器4位于气缸盖1的中部,正对着活塞3顶部凹口的出口,在气缸盖上设有进气口11、进气门111、排气口12、排气门121,喷油器喷出的油束形成锥角5。在活塞3的顶面向内凹陷成凹口30,其为圆台形,在其剖视图上,可看出凹口呈对称的梯形,这种梯形的底边与侧边的夹角6(图4,图5)较小,特别地,当其<60°时,空气的对流不易形成,即不利于该处的散热,从而形成局部高温区;该梯形的顶边d1和底边d2与活塞外径D的比值存在着一定关系,即d1/D=0.25~0.55,d2/D>0.4;本发明的喷油嘴喷出的喷油束锥角5≥60°,比传统的喷油嘴喷出的喷油束锥角更大,而与本发明的凹口的圆台形形状相吻合。 1 to 3, which is a piston engine of the present invention, comprising a cylinder and a fuel injector 4, the combustion chamber of the cylinder is surrounded by a cylinder wall 2, a cylinder head 1 and a piston 3 sleeved in the cylinder wall. The injector 4 is located in the middle of the cylinder head 1 and faces the outlet of the top recess of the piston 3. The cylinder head is provided with an air inlet 11, an intake valve 111, an exhaust port 12, and an exhaust valve 121 for injection. The oil jets from the device form a cone angle of 5. A recess 30 is formed in the top surface of the piston 3, which is in the shape of a truncated cone. In its cross-sectional view, it can be seen that the notch has a symmetrical trapezoidal shape, and the angle between the bottom edge of the trapezoid and the side is 6 (Fig. 4, Figure 5) is small, in particular, when it is <60°, convection of air is not easy to form, that is, it is not conducive to heat dissipation there, thereby forming a local high temperature zone; the top edge d1 and the bottom edge d2 of the trapezoid and the outer diameter of the piston There is a certain relationship between the ratio of D, that is, d1/D=0.25~0.55, d2/D>0.4; the spray cone of the spray nozzle of the present invention has a cone angle of 5≥60°, which is more than that of the conventional injector. The oil jet cone angle is larger and coincides with the truncated cone shape of the recess of the present invention.
本发明的活塞式发动机的工作原理如下:活塞相对汽缸壁做往复运动,进气门相对于进气口做上下移动,排气门相对于排气口做上下移动,这些运动相互协调形成进排气过程。参看图4~图5,其为高温区即夹角6分别在进、排气过程中的分布情况,高温区的作用是将压缩冲程末期喷入的燃料直接点燃,而不需要专门的点火装置,也不需要更大的压缩比来压燃燃料。 The working principle of the piston engine of the present invention is as follows: the piston reciprocates relative to the cylinder wall, the intake valve moves up and down with respect to the intake port, and the exhaust valve moves up and down with respect to the exhaust port, and these movements coordinate with each other to form an inlet and outlet Gas process. Referring to Figures 4 to 5, the distribution of the high temperature zone, that is, the angle 6 in the process of inlet and exhaust, respectively, is to directly ignite the fuel injected at the end of the compression stroke without requiring a special ignition device. There is also no need for a larger compression ratio to compress the fuel.
在发动机进入压缩冲程末期,活塞快到达上止点前,喷油器的喷嘴向燃烧室内的活塞的凹口喷出燃油,形成燃油束;由于剖面为梯形、整体为圆台形的凹口的底面与侧面的夹角处形成高温区,由喷嘴喷入的燃油束与高温区的空气接触,当高温区的温度大于燃料的燃点时,燃油被引燃着火,然后进入做功冲程,周而复始,不断循环,产生动力。因此,本发明可以直接点燃燃点比较高的燃料,而不再需要专门的点火装置,也不需要很高的压缩比来压燃燃料,同时避免了发动机的失火。 At the end of the engine entering the compression stroke, before the piston reaches the top dead center, the nozzle of the injector ejects fuel to the notch of the piston in the combustion chamber to form a fuel beam; the bottom surface of the notch having a trapezoidal shape and a truncated cone shape as a whole A high temperature zone is formed at an angle with the side surface, and the fuel beam injected from the nozzle is in contact with the air in the high temperature zone. When the temperature in the high temperature zone is greater than the ignition point of the fuel, the fuel is ignited and ignited, and then enters the power stroke, and the cycle is repeated. , generating power. Therefore, the present invention can directly ignite a fuel having a relatively high ignition point without requiring a special ignition device, and does not require a high compression ratio to compress the fuel while avoiding misfire of the engine.
由于本活塞的凹口底部比现有的活塞的凹口底部更大、更宽,使得喷油束到达活塞内侧壁的距离更长,从而使喷油束在燃烧之前在凹口内的空间分布更均匀,更有利于燃料与空气的充分混合而燃烧,提高了燃烧效率,减少尾气污染物排放。 Since the bottom of the recess of the piston is larger and wider than the bottom of the recess of the existing piston, the distance from the fuel jet to the inner side wall of the piston is longer, so that the space distribution of the fuel jet in the recess before combustion is more Uniform, more conducive to the combustion of fuel and air, improve combustion efficiency and reduce emissions of exhaust pollutants.
而且由于凹口的出口较小,除了能够储存部分热能,降低燃料的消耗外,在燃料被点燃燃烧的瞬间,对活塞的瞬间冲击力减小,从而减少或降低爆震的发生。可以适当增加发动机的压缩比,以提高发动机的功率和热效率,同时延长发动机的寿命。 Moreover, since the outlet of the notch is small, in addition to being able to store part of the thermal energy and reduce the consumption of fuel, the instantaneous impact force on the piston is reduced at the moment when the fuel is ignited and burned, thereby reducing or reducing the occurrence of knocking. The compression ratio of the engine can be appropriately increased to increase the power and thermal efficiency of the engine while prolonging the life of the engine.
另外,二冲程发动机结构虽然与四冲程发动机结构有些不同,但都属于活塞式发动机,因此,本活塞结构适用于所有的活塞式发动机,包括二冲程、四冲程、旋转活塞发动机等类型的活塞式发动机。 In addition, although the two-stroke engine structure is somewhat different from the four-stroke engine structure, it is a piston engine. Therefore, the piston structure is applicable to all piston engines, including two-stroke, four-stroke, rotary piston engines and the like. engine.
以上所述仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明做任何形式上的限制,虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上,然而并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员,在不脱离本发明技术方案的范围内,当可利用上述揭示的技术内容作出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例,但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。 The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Although the present invention has been disclosed in the above preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make some modifications or modifications to equivalent embodiments by using the above-disclosed technical contents without departing from the technical scope of the present invention, but without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, according to the present invention. Technical Substantials Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments are still within the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims (4)

  1. 一种用于发动机气缸内的活塞,包括从顶面向内凹陷形成的凹口,其特征是:该凹口的整体空间呈圆台形,即凹口的内径由底面到口部逐渐减小,且该圆台的上底直径与活塞外径的比值为0.25~0.55;该圆台的下底直径与活塞外径的比值为≥0.4。 A piston for use in a cylinder of an engine, comprising a recess formed by recessing from the top surface, wherein the overall space of the recess is in the shape of a truncated cone, that is, the inner diameter of the recess is gradually reduced from the bottom surface to the mouth portion, and The ratio of the diameter of the upper bottom of the circular table to the outer diameter of the piston is 0.25 to 0.55; the ratio of the diameter of the lower bottom of the circular table to the outer diameter of the piston is ≥ 0.4.
  2. 如权利要求1所述的用于发动机气缸内的活塞,其特征是:所述圆台的梯形剖面的底边与侧边的夹角<60°。The piston for use in an engine cylinder according to claim 1, wherein the angle between the bottom edge of the trapezoidal section of the circular table and the side is <60°.
  3. 采用如权利要求1所述的用于发动机气缸内的活塞的一种活塞式发动机,包括气缸,内套于汽缸壁的活塞及正对该活塞的喷油器,其特征是:所述喷油器的喷嘴形成的喷油束锥角≥60°。A piston engine for a piston in an engine cylinder according to claim 1, comprising a cylinder, a piston sleeved in the cylinder wall, and a fuel injector facing the piston, characterized in that: the fuel injection The nozzle of the device forms a spray cone angle of ≥ 60°.
  4. 如权利要求3所述的活塞式发动机,其特征是:所述圆台的梯形剖面的底边与侧边的夹角<60°。A piston engine according to claim 3, wherein the angle between the bottom edge of the trapezoidal section of the truncated cone and the side is <60°.
PCT/CN2017/079584 2017-04-06 2017-04-06 Piston for use in engine cylinder and piston engine WO2018184171A1 (en)

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US4083330A (en) * 1976-09-23 1978-04-11 R. A. Lister & Company Limited Piston for an internal combustion engine
JPH07150944A (en) * 1993-12-02 1995-06-13 Toyota Motor Corp Combustion chamber structure for direct injecting type diesel engine
JPH07189701A (en) * 1993-12-27 1995-07-28 Hino Motors Ltd Piston for internal combustion engine
JPH1182028A (en) * 1997-08-29 1999-03-26 Toyota Motor Corp Cylinder injection type spark ignition internal combustion engine
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