WO2018183032A1 - Huiles de base réduisant la viscosité d'un simulateur de démarrage à froid et formulations d'huile lubrifiante les contenant - Google Patents

Huiles de base réduisant la viscosité d'un simulateur de démarrage à froid et formulations d'huile lubrifiante les contenant Download PDF

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WO2018183032A1
WO2018183032A1 PCT/US2018/023245 US2018023245W WO2018183032A1 WO 2018183032 A1 WO2018183032 A1 WO 2018183032A1 US 2018023245 W US2018023245 W US 2018023245W WO 2018183032 A1 WO2018183032 A1 WO 2018183032A1
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ccsv
oil
base stock
oil composition
engine
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PCT/US2018/023245
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English (en)
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WO2018183032A8 (fr
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Kyle G. LEWIS
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Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc.
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Priority to SG11201908484P priority Critical patent/SG11201908484PA/en
Priority to EP18714119.7A priority patent/EP3601500A1/fr
Priority to CN201880028806.8A priority patent/CN110573596B/zh
Publication of WO2018183032A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018183032A1/fr
Publication of WO2018183032A8 publication Critical patent/WO2018183032A8/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32—Esters
    • C10M105/34—Esters of monocarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M111/02—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • C10M171/02—Specified values of viscosity or viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
    • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
    • C10M2207/2815—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/54—Fuel economy

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to cold cranking simulator viscosity ("CCSV") reducing base stocks that allow flexibility for low viscosity SAE engine oil grades (e.g., 5W and 0W) to meet demanding low temperature viscosity and high temperature viscosity requirements, lubricating oil formulations containing the CCSV-reducing base stocks, and a method for improving fuel efficiency and/or wear protection in an engine by using as the engine oil a lubricating oil formulation containing one or more of the CCSV-reducing base stocks.
  • CCSV cold cranking simulator viscosity
  • Automotive engine oils conform to the SAE J300 metric for grading engine oil viscosity.
  • SAE engine oil grade e.g., 5W-30, 10W-30, etc.
  • high temperature viscosity requirements are typically expressed as a permitted range of kinematic viscosity at 100°C determined pursuant to ASTM D445 ("KV100")
  • low temperature viscosity requirements are expressed as a permitted range of cold cranking simulator viscosity determined pursuant to ASTM D5583.
  • a first aspect of the present disclosure relates to an oil composition consisting of a first base stock and a reference oil, wherein: (a) the first base stock comprises a mono-ester having the following formula:
  • Ri and R.2 are independently each a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C30 alkyl group, and R.3 is a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C20 alkyl group;
  • the first base stock is present in the oil composition at a concentration in a range from 0.5 wt% to 14.5 wt%, based on the total weight of the oil composition;
  • the oil composition has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C pursuant to ASTM D445 ("KVl OO") of KV lOO(oil) and a cold cranking simulator viscosity at a given temperature pursuant to ASTM 5293 (“CCSV”) of CCSV(oil);
  • the reference oil has a KV100 and CCSV of KVlOO(ref) and CCSV(ref), respectively, and the following conditions (i) and (ii) are met:
  • a second aspect of the present disclosure relates to the use of a mono-ester having the following formula as a first base stock in a lubricating oil composition at a concentration thereof in the range from 0.5 to 14.5 wt% based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition:
  • Ri and R2 are independently each a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C30 alkyl group, and R3 is a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C20 alkyl group.
  • a third aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method for improving fuel efficiency and/or wear protection in an engine, comprising lubricating the engine by an engine oil comprising an oil composition of the first aspect of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the impact of the CCSV-reducing base stock on CCSV and KV100 of a formulation consisting of a reference oil and the CCSV-reducing base stock.
  • FIG. 2 graphically shows CCSV-reducing efficacies of various mono-ester base stocks and comparative esters.
  • Alkyl group refers to a saturated hydrocarbyl group consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
  • Hydrocarbyl group refers to a group consisting of hydrogen and carbon atoms only.
  • a hydrocarbyl group can be saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched linear, cyclic or acyclic, aromatic or non-aromatic.
  • Cn group or compound refers to a group or a compound comprising carbon atoms at total number thereof of n.
  • Cm-Cn group or compound refers to a group or compound comprising carbon atoms at a total number thereof in the range from m to n.
  • a C1-C50 alkyl group refers to an alkyl group comprising carbon atoms at a total number thereof in the range from 1 to 50.
  • Carbon backbone refers to the longest straight carbon chain in the molecule of the compound or the group in question.
  • Branches refer to any non-hydrogen group connected to the carbon backbone.
  • “Mono-ester” refers to a compound having one ester (-C(O)-O-) functional group therein.
  • Tertiary amide refers to a compound comprising a tertiary amide (>N-C(0)-) functional group therein.
  • SAE refers to SAE International, formerly known as Society of Automotive Engineers, which is a professional organization that sets standards for internal combustion engine lubricating oils.
  • SAE J300 refers to the viscosity grade classification system of engine lubricating oils established by SAE, which defines the limits of the classifications in rheological terms only.
  • “Lubricating oil” refers to a substance that can be introduced between two or more surfaces and lowers the level of friction between two adjacent surfaces moving relative to each other.
  • a lubricant “base stock” is a material, typically a fluid at various levels of viscosity at the operating temperature of the lubricant, used to formulate a lubricant by admixing with other components.
  • base stocks suitable in lubricants include API Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV, and Group V base stocks.
  • PAOs, particularly hydrogenated PAOs have recently found wide use in lubricant formulations as a Group IV base stock, and are particularly preferred. If one base stock is designated as a primary base stock in the lubricant, additional base stocks may be called a co-base stock.
  • kinematic viscosity values in the present disclosure are as determined pursuant to ASTM D445. Kinematic viscosity at 100°C is reported herein as KV100, and kinematic viscosity at 40°C is reported herein as KV40. Unit of all KV100 and KV40 values herein is cSt unless otherwise specified.
  • V viscosity index
  • NV Noack volatility
  • CCS viscosity CCSV
  • ASTM 5293 Unit of all CCSV values herein is centipoise, unless specified otherwise. All CCSV values are measured at a temperature of interest to the lubricating oil formulation or oil composition in question. Thus, for the purpose of designing and fabricating engine oil formulations, the temperature of interest is the temperature at which the SAE J300 imposes a maximal CCSV.
  • the CCSV measurement temperature is: -35°C for a SAE 0W grade oil; -30°C for a SAE 5W grade oil; -25°C for a SAE 10W grade oil; -20°C for a SAE 15W grade oil; -15°C for a SAE 20W grade oil; and -10°C for a SAE 25W grade oil.
  • the base stock of the present disclosure desirably has a KV100 in the range from kl to k2 cSt, where kl and k2 can be, independently, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, and 7.5, as long as kl ⁇ k2.
  • the base stock may desirably have a VI in the range from vl to v2, where vl and v2 can be, independently, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, and 200, as long as vl ⁇ v2.
  • the base stock of the present disclosure desirably has aNV value in the range from nl to n2 wt%, where nl and n2 can be, independently, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, as long as nl ⁇ n2.
  • the larger the molecular weight of the molecule the lower the NV value.
  • typically a low NV value is preferred, all other parameters held equal.
  • the CCSV-reducing base stock of the present disclosure has a high thickening effect at a relatively "low" temperature (e.g., -35°C) that an automobile engine may experience from time to time during its normal life.
  • the CCSV-reducing base stock of the present disclosure may therefore manifests itself as a solid, a wax, or a viscous fluid at -35°C, 0°C, and even 25°C.
  • the base stock of the present disclosure when incorporated into a lubricating oil formulation or an oil composition desirably results in a reduced CCSV of the formulation or oil composition compared to the remainder of the lubricating oil formulation or oil composition. Therefore, it is called a CCSV-reducing base stock.
  • CCSV-reducing base stock of the present disclosure can be used as a primary base stock or a co-base stock in any lubricating oil compositions.
  • the CCSV-reducing base stock of the present disclosure (referred to as "the first base stock" sometimes) is used as a co-base stock in conjunction with a second base stock, which is a primary base stock.
  • CCSV-reducing base stock will hereinafter be merely referred to as a generic base stock, regardless of its primary base stock or co-base stock designation.
  • the CCSV-reducing base stock is readily soluble in a low viscosity hydrocarbon base stock at ambient temperatures for a given treat rate.
  • the base stock of the present disclosure is preferably used for formulating automobile engine lubricating oils, preferably those meeting the SAE J300 classification standards. However, it is contemplated that the base stock of the present disclosure may be used to formulate other lubricating oils (e.g., automobile drive-line oils, industrial lubricating oils, gear oils, greases, and the like), heat transfer oils (e.g., transformer oils), hydraulic power transfer oils, processing oils, and the like.
  • lubricating oils e.g., automobile drive-line oils, industrial lubricating oils, gear oils, greases, and the like
  • heat transfer oils e.g., transformer oils
  • hydraulic power transfer oils e.g., processing oils, and the like.
  • Mono-esters derived from a Guerbet alcohol and a monocarboxylic acid are particularly advantageous CCSV-reducing base stocks of the present disclosure.
  • the mono- esters have the following formula:
  • Ri, R2, and R3 are independently each a C2-C30 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group.
  • Ri, R2, and R3 are independently each a linear alkyl groups having 2 to 24 carbon atoms.
  • the mono-ester can be made by reacting a Guerbet alcohol having the formula where
  • Ri, R2, and R3 are as defined above, under reaction conditions sufficient to make the mono- ester.
  • 2-octyl-l-dodecanol with a linear C9 monocarboxylic acid
  • 2- octyldodecyl nonanoate can be made.
  • 2-octyl-l-dodecanol with a linear C12 monocarboxylic acid 2-octyldodecyl dodecanoate can be made.
  • Illustrative mono-esters useful as CCSV-reducing base stock of this disclosure include, for example, 2-octyldodecyl nonanoate, 2-octyldodecyl dodecanoate, and mixtures thereof, and the like.
  • Illustrative Guerbet alcohols useful in preparing the mono-ester CCSV-reducing base stock of this disclosure include, for example, 2-octyl-l-dodecanol, and mixtures thereof, and the like.
  • the alcohol reactant is a mono-alcohol, preferably a single branched alcohol having 16 to 24 carbons. More preferably, the alcohol has 20 carbons.
  • the preferred alcohol is a Guerbet alcohol.
  • the monocarboxylic acid is preferably a linear acid having 7 to 16 carbons. More preferably, the monocarboxylic acid has 9 to 12 carbons.
  • Illustrative monocarboxylic acids useful in preparing the mono-ester CCSV-reducing base stock of this disclosure include, for example, linear C9 monocarboxylic acid (nonanoic acid), linear CIO monocarboxylic acid (decanoic acid), linear Cl l monocarboxylic acid (undecanoic acid), linear C12 monocarboxylic acid (dodecanoic acid), and mixtures thereof, and the like.
  • Different base stocks can have different CCSV-reducing efficacy when used at different quantities relative to the same reference oil.
  • the same base stock may have the same, similar or different CCSV-reducing efficacy with respect to different reference oils.
  • the following method can be used for determining the efficacy of a particular first base stock at a given concentration in a lubricating oil to serve as a CCSV-reducing base stock.
  • the method comprises steps of determining the KV100 and CCSV at a low temperature of interest to the lubricating oil formulation or oil composition in question (such as the temperature at which the SAE J300 standard imposes a maximal CCSV requirement, i.e., -35 °C for an SAE 0W grade oil, -30°C for an SAE 5W grade oil, -25°C for an SAE 10W grade oil, -20°C for an SAE 15W grade oil, -15°C for an SAE 20 grade oil, and -10°C for an SAE 25 grade oil) of a reference oil (KVlOO(ref) and CCSV(ref) respectively) to be combined with the first base stock, and the KV100 and CCSV at the same low temperature of a mixture oil consisting of the reference oil and the first base stock at the desired concentration of the first stock in the mixture oil (KVlOO(oil) and CCSV(oil), respectively).
  • a reference oil KVlOO(ref) and
  • the first base stock is determined as a CCSV-reducing base stock at the first concentration.
  • the first base stock is determined as a CCSV-reducing base stock with respect to the reference oil at the first concentration.
  • Those CCSV-reducing base stocks that demonstrate a D(ccsv) ⁇ -5 at a first concentration thereof is considered as a superior CCSV-reducing base stock at the first concentration.
  • the larger the absolute value thereof,
  • the above methodology can be reduced to expression in a x-y coordinate system, where the x-axis is D(kv), and the y-axis is D(ccsv).
  • the two axes cross at (0,0) which represents the reference oil.
  • all first base stocks in the quadrant where x > 0 and y ⁇ 0 are CCSV-reducing base stocks.
  • All first base stocks in the quadrants where y > 0 are not CCSV-reducing base stocks because incorporation thereof resulted in increase of the CCSV.
  • any first base stock belonging to the quadrant where x ⁇ 0 and y ⁇ 0, if it is on or below the line defined by equation y 3x, then it is an CCSV-reducing base stock in the meaning of the present disclosure. Otherwise it is not a CCSV-reducing base stock in the meaning of the present disclosure.
  • the CCSV-reducing efficacy of a given first base stock can be determined by measuring the high temperature kinematic viscosity at temperatures other than 100°C, e.g., 40°C.
  • measurement of the low temperature viscosity can be conducted at temperatures other than -35°C, e.g., -30°C, -25°C, -20°C, -15°C, -10°C, and the like, as long as such temperature is of significance to the oil formulation in question.
  • SAE J300 imposes minimal CCSV requirements for the different grades of engine oils.
  • the most preferred temperature at which the CCSV is made is the temperature at which the SAE J300 standard imposes the maximal CCSV requirement.
  • a first base stock determined to be a CCSV-reducing base stock at a first concentration may be tested for CCSV-reducing efficacy at a second concentration, or even more concentrations.
  • a CCSV-reducing base stock demonstrates higher CCSV- reducing efficacy at higher concentrations in the mixture oil.
  • a CCSV-reducing base stock exhibits a D(ccsv) ⁇ -5 at a concentration of 5 wt% thereof based on the total weight of the mixture oil, then it is regarded as an overall superior (preferred) CCSV-reducing base stock.
  • an overall superior CCSV-reducing base stock will be a superior CCSV-reducing base stock at higher concentrations thereof in the mixture oil, such as at 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 14.5 wt%.
  • across a large range of concentrations are particularly desirable.
  • an overall superior CCSV- reducing base stock demonstrates a D(ccsv) at 5 wt% concentration thereof in the mixture oil of no larger than -8, -10, -12, -15, -16, -18, -20, -25, -30, -35, -40, -45, -50, -60, -70, -80, - 90, -100, -200, -500, -800, or even -1000.
  • Certain highly advantageous CCSV-reducing base stock of the present disclosure may demonstrate a D(ccsv) > 5 even at concentrations such as 1, 2, 3, 4 wt%, based on the total weight of the mixture oil.
  • a first base stock found to be a CCSV-reducing base stock in a first reference oil is a good indicator that it will also be a CCSV- reducing base stock in a different, second reference oil with similar chemical composition to that of the first reference oil.
  • the mixture oil consisting of the reference oil and the first base stock found to be a CCSV-reducing base stock is the interested lubricating oil.
  • the reference oil may be chosen as a combination of various base stocks of the final lubricating oil formulation. Once it is determined that the mixture oil consisting of the reference oil and the first base stock have the desired CCSV and KV100, one can then add additional components, such as additive packages typically used for the type of lubricating oil in question, to make the final lubricating oil.
  • Such base stock reference oil desirably can be the base stock having the closest KV100 to that of the first base stock, i.e., the CCSV- reducing base stock, among all the base stocks contained in the lubricating oil formulation other than the first base stock.
  • such base stock reference oil desirably can be the base stock having the closest CCSV(ref) at the given interested temperature to that of the first base stock among all the base stocks contained in the formulation other than the first base stock.
  • a commercial Group IV base stock such as a conventionally catalyzed (i.e., non-metallocene-catalyzed) PAO having a KV100 of about 4 cSt (“PAO-4", such as SpectraSynTM 4 commercially available from ExxonMobil Chemical Company having an address at 4500 Bay way Drive, Baytown, Texas, U.S.A.), may be used as the reference oil.
  • PAO-4 such as SpectraSynTM 4 commercially available from ExxonMobil Chemical Company having an address at 4500 Bay way Drive, Baytown, Texas, U.S.A.
  • KV100 and CCSV meet the requirements of a SAE J300 grade designation for an engine oil, particularly a 0W20, 0W30, 0W40, 5W20, 5W30, 5W40, 10W20, 10W30, 10W40, 15W20, 15W30, 15W40, 20W20, 20W30, or 20W40, grade oil.
  • the product by mixing the various components in any order as appropriate to one having ordinary skill in the art.
  • the first base stock, the various components of the reference oil, and the various additives and additional components can be all mixed at the same time to obtain the oil formulation product, bypassing the step of forming the mixture oil of the first base stock and the reference oil.
  • a similar base stock or base stock mixture e.g., those having a KV100 in the range from fl *KV100(ref) to f2*KV100(ref)
  • fl and f2 can be, independently, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2,
  • the CCSV-reducing base stocks of this disclosure are useful in formulating lubricating oils.
  • the oil composition of the first aspect of the present disclosure summarized above can be a portion or the entirety of a lubricating oil formulation.
  • the oil composition can be: (i) a mixture of the first base stock and the remainder of the formulation absent the first base stock; (ii) a mixture of the first base stock with one or more other base stocks contained in the lubricating oil formulation absent the additive components in the lubricating oil formulation; (iii) a mixture of the first base stock and all other base stocks contained in the lubricating oil formulation but absent any additive components that may be present in the lubricating oil formulation; (iv) a mixture of the first base stock and one or more other base stocks, but not all the other base stocks, contained in the lubricating oil formulation, and at least a portion of the additive components contained in the lubricating oil formulation; and (v) a mixture of the first base stock and all additive components contained in the lubricating
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the oil composition of the present disclosure is a lubricating oil formulation, in which case the reference oil is the remainder of the lubricating oil formulation absent the first base stock.
  • the oil composition (preferably, a lubricating oil formulation) has a KV100 of KVlOO(oil) and a CCSV at a given low temperature discussed above of CCSV(oil); the reference oil having a chemical composition of the remainder of the oil composition absent the first base stock has a KV100 and CCSV of KVlOO(ref) and CCSV(ref), respectively, and the following conditions (i) and (ii) are met:
  • inclusion of the CCSV-reducing base stock into the formulation resulted in the decrease of CCSV in the formulation compared to the reference oil, and an increase of or maintenance of KVl OO in the formulation compared to the reference oil, both are highly desired for formulating an engine oil having high wear protection.
  • rl ⁇ D(ccsv)/D(kv) , preferably but not necessarily D(ccsv)/D(kv) ⁇ r2,
  • rl and r2 can be, independently, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 500, 1000, 5000, 10,000, 50,000, as long as rl ⁇ r2.
  • the CCSV-reducing base stock included in the formulation resulted in the decreases of both CCSV and KVIOO in the formulation compared to the reference oil.
  • the ratio of D(ccsv)/D(kv) should be desirable high, i.e., at least 3, preferably at least 5, more preferably at least 10.
  • the CCSV-reducing base stock is preferably present in an amount sufficient for providing desired CCSV-reducing effect in the oil composition, while balancing other properties of the oil composition, particularly the KVIOO.
  • the CCSV-reducing base stock can be present in the oil compositions of this disclosure in an amount from about cl to c2 wt%, based on the total weight or the oil composition, where cl and c2 can be, independently, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0, 11.0, 12.0, 13.0, 14.0, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4, 14.5, 14.6, 14.7, 14.8, or 14.9, as long as cl ⁇ c2.
  • the oil composition contains the CCSV-reducing base stock as
  • Preferred oil compositions of the present disclosure containing the CCSV-reducing base stock exhibit a KVIOO in a range from kvl to kv2, where kvl and kv2 can be 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, 9.5, 10.0, 10.5, 11.0, 11.5, 12.0, 12.5, 13.0, 13.5, 14.0, 14.5, 15.0, as long as kvl ⁇ kv2.
  • Engine oil lubricant grades are determined pursuant to SAE J300 specifications.
  • the low temperature (W) grades i.e., 10W-xx, 5W-xx, OW-xx) are determined by the performance in a combination of viscosity tests including cold crank simulation (CCS) (ASTM D 5293) and low-temperature pumping viscosity (ASTM D 4684).
  • CCS cold crank simulation
  • ASTM D 4684 low-temperature pumping viscosity
  • the high temperature grading for an engine oil i.e., XW-20, XW-30
  • kinematic viscosity at 100°C ASTM D 445
  • high-temp high-shear viscosity ASTM D 4683
  • the use of a CCSV-reducing base stock of the present invention in an engine oil formulation can result in such oil having a particularly desirably high KVIOO, while maintaining an acceptable CCSV, both within the permitted ranges specified by the SAE J300 grade classifications.
  • the oil composition of the present disclosure is an mW20 engine oil meeting the requirements of SAE J300, where m can be 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, having a KVlOO in the range from 7.4 to 9.3 cSt, preferably from 8.4 to 9.3 cSt.
  • the oil composition of the present disclosure is an mW30 engine oil meeting the requirements of SAE J300, where m can be 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, having a KVlOO in the range from 10.9 to 12.5 cSt, preferably from 11.7 to 12.5 cSt.
  • the oil composition of the present disclosure is an mW40 engine oil meeting the requirements of SAE J300, where m can be 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, having a KVlOO in the range from 14.4 to 16.3 cSt, preferably from 15.4 to 16.3 cSt.
  • a 5W-20 grade engine oil is allowed a KVlOO range from 5.6 to 9.3 cSt.
  • the fuel efficiency offered by the lubricant improves as the KVlOO is reduced.
  • a CCSV-reducing base stock of the present disclosure described above can be used to reduce the low temperature CCSV of a formulation.
  • the CCSV-reducing base stock does not decrease the high temperature KVlOO viscosity relative to the rest of the engine oil formulation (i.e., the remainder of the oil absent the CCSV-reducing base stock).
  • the incorporation of CCSV-reducing base stock of the present disclosure in an engine oil allows the formulation to maintain the high temperature viscosity while maintaining high enough CCSV to stay in grade.
  • the oil compositions of the present disclosure containing the CCSV-reducing base stock may advantageously exhibit a VI in the range from about 30 to about 200, preferably from about 35 to about 180, more preferably from about 40 to about 150.
  • the oil compositions of the present disclosure containing the CCSV-reducing base stock advantageously exhibit a NV value of no greater than 20%, preferably no greater than 18%, 16%, 15%, 14%, 12%, 10%, or even 8%.
  • the oil compositions of this disclosure are particularly advantageous as engine oil for internal combustion engines, including gas engines, diesel engines, natural gas engines, four-stroke engines, two-stroke engines, and rotary engines.
  • the engine oil can be placed into the crank case of the engine to provide the necessary lubrication and cooling effect for the engine during normal operation.
  • the high KV100, coupled with the CCSV of the oil enabled by the use of the CCSV-reducing base stock makes it particularly protective against wear.
  • the engine oil is particularly advantageous as passenger vehicle engine oil (PVEO) products.
  • PVEO passenger vehicle engine oil
  • the lubricating oil formulation or oil composition of the present disclosure contains the CCSV-reducing base stock as a primary base stock, or even as a single base stock, it is preferable to include the CCSV-reducing base stock as a co-base stock in combination with one primary base stock and optionally one or more additional co-base stocks.
  • the lubricating oil formulation or oil composition of the present disclosure may further comprise additive components.
  • a wide range of lubricating oil base stocks known in the art can be used in conjunction with the CCSV-reducing base stock in the lubricating oil formulations of the present disclosure, as primary base stock or co-base stock.
  • Such other base stocks can be either derived from natural resources or synthetic, including un-refined, refined, or re-refined oils.
  • Un-refined oil base stocks include shale oil obtained directly from retorting operations, petroleum oil obtained directly from primary distillation, and ester oil obtained directly from a natural source (such as plant matters and animal tissues) or directly from a chemical esterification process.
  • Refined oil base stocks are those un-refined base stocks further subjected to one or more purification steps such as solvent extraction, secondary distillation, acid extraction, base extraction, filtration, and percolation to improve the at least one lubricating oil property.
  • Re-refined oil base stocks are obtained by processes analogous to refined oils but using an oil that has been previously used as a feed stock.
  • API Groups I, II, III, IV and V are broad categories of base stocks developed and defined by the American Petroleum Institute (API Publication 1509; www.API.org) to create guidelines for lubricant base stocks.
  • Group I base stocks generally have a viscosity index of from about 80 to 120 and contain greater than about 0.03% sulfur and less than about 90% saturates.
  • Group II base stocks generally have a viscosity index of from about 80 to 120, and contain less than or equal to about 0.03% sulfur and greater than or equal to about 90% saturates.
  • Group III stock generally has a viscosity index greater than about 120 and contains less than or equal to about 0.03% sulfur and greater than about 90% saturates.
  • Group IV includes polyalphaolefins (PAO).
  • Group V base stocks include base stocks not included in Groups I-IV. The table below summarizes properties of each of these five groups.
  • Natural oils include animal oils (e.g. lard), vegetable oils (e.g., castor oil), and mineral oils. Animal and vegetable oils possessing favorable thermal oxidative stability can be used. Of the natural oils, mineral oils are preferred. Mineral oils vary widely as to their crude source, e.g., as to whether they are paraffinic, naphthenic, or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic. Oils derived from coal or shale are also useful in the present disclosure. Natural oils vary also as to the method used for their production and purification, e.g., their distillation range and whether they are straight run or cracked, hydrorefined, or solvent extracted.
  • Group II and/or Group III base stocks are generally hydroprocessed or hydrocracked base stocks derived from crude oil refining processes.
  • Synthetic base stocks include polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (e.g., polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propylene isobutylene copolymers, ethylene-olefin copolymers, and ethylene-alphaolefin copolymers).
  • polymerized and interpolymerized olefins e.g., polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propylene isobutylene copolymers, ethylene-olefin copolymers, and ethylene-alphaolefin copolymers.
  • PAO base stocks are placed into Group IV.
  • Advantageous Group IV base stocks are those made from one or more of C6, C8, CIO, C12, and C14 linear alpha-olefins (“LAO"s). These base stocks can be commercially available at a wide range of viscosity, such as a KV100 in the range from 1.0 to 1,000 cSt.
  • the PAO base stocks can be made by polymerization of the LAO(s) in the presence of Lewis-acid type catalyst, in the presence of a metallocene compound-based catalyst system.
  • High quality Group IV PAO commercial base stocks including the SpectraSynTM and SpectraSyn EliteTM series available from ExxonMobil Chemical Company having an address at 4500 Bayway Drive, Baytown, Texas 77450, United States.
  • Esters in a minor amount may be useful in the lubricating oil formulations of this disclosure.
  • Additive solvency and seal compatibility characteristics may be imparted by the use of esters such as the esters of dibasic acids with monoalkanols and the polyol esters of monocarboxylic acids.
  • Esters of the former type include, e.g., the esters of dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, succinic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer, malonic acid, alkyl malonic acid, alkenyl malonic acid, etc., with a variety of alcohols such as butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, etc.
  • dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, succinic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer, malonic acid, alkyl malonic acid, alkenyl malonic acid, etc.
  • alcohols such as butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, etc.
  • esters include dibutyl adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, di-w-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azelate, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, dieicosyl sebacate, etc.
  • Useful ester-type Group V base stock include the EsterexTM series commercially available from ExxonMobil Chemical Company.
  • One or more of the following maybe used as a base stock in the lubricating oil of the present disclosure as well: (1) one or more Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) materials; and (2) hydrodewaxed, hydroisomerized, solvent dewaxed, or catalytically dewaxed base stocks derived from synthetic wax, natural wax, waxy feeds, slack waxes, gas oils, waxy fuels, hydrocracker bottoms, waxy raffinate, hydrocrackate, thermal crackates, foots oil, and waxy materials derived from coal liquefaction or shale oil.
  • GTL Gas-to-Liquids
  • Such waxy feeds can be derived from mineral oils or non-mineral oil processing or can be synthetic (e.g., Fischer-Tropsch feed stocks).
  • Such base stocks preferably comprise linear or branched hydrocarbyl compounds of C20 or higher, more preferably C30 or higher.
  • the lubricating oil formulations or oil compositions of the present disclosure can comprise one or more Group I, II, III, IV, or V base stocks in addition to the CCSV-reducing base stock.
  • Group I base stocks if any, is present at a relatively low concentration if a high quality lubricating oil is desired.
  • Group I base stocks may be introduced as a diluent of an additive package at a small quantity.
  • Groups II and III base stocks can be included in the lubricating oil formulations or oil compositions of the present disclosure, but preferably only those with high quality, e.g., those having a VI from 100 to 120.
  • Group IV and V base stocks preferably those of high quality, are desirably included into the lubricating oil formulations or oil compositions of the present disclosure.
  • the formulated lubricating oil useful in the present disclosure may additionally contain one or more of the commonly used lubricating oil performance additives including but not limited to dispersants, detergents, viscosity modifiers, antiwear additives, corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, metal deactivators, extreme pressure additives, anti-seizure agents, wax modifiers, viscosity modifiers, fluid-loss additives, seal compatibility agents, lubricity agents, anti-staining agents, chromophoric agents, defoamants, demulsifiers, densifiers, wetting agents, gelling agents, tackiness agents, colorants, and others.
  • the commonly used lubricating oil performance additives including but not limited to dispersants, detergents, viscosity modifiers, antiwear additives, corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, metal deactivators, extreme pressure additives, anti-seizure agents, wax modifiers, viscosity modifiers, fluid-loss additives, seal compatibility agents, lub
  • lubricating oil formulations contain one or more of the additives discussed above, the additive(s) are blended into the oil composition in an amount sufficient for it to perform its intended function.
  • CCSV-reducing base stock examples include, but are not limited to, analytical gas chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and volatility and viscosity measurements.
  • TGA thermogravimetric analysis
  • DSC differential scanning calorimetry
  • volatility and viscosity measurements examples include, but are not limited to, volatility and viscosity measurements.
  • the candidate base stocks were evaluated for CCSV-reducing efficacy with respect to a commercial Group IV base stock as the reference oil using the methodology described above.
  • the reference oil has a KV100 of about 4 and is called PAO-4 (SpectraSynTM 4 from ExxonMobil Chemical Company).
  • PAO-4 SpecificSynTM 4 from ExxonMobil Chemical Company
  • Other commercial Group IV base stocks, such as PAO-6, PAO-8, PAO-40, and PAO-100 mentioned in the examples have KV100 in the vicinity of 6, 8, 40, and 100 cSt, respectively.
  • CCSV-reducing efficacy of the candidate base stocks can be evaluated likewise with respect to PAO-6, PAO-8, PAO-40, and PAO-100, or any mixtures of two or more of PAO-4, PAO-6, PAO-8, PAO-40, and PAO-100, as reference oils. Due to the similarity among PAO-4, PAO-6, and PAO-8, it is probable that the candidate CCSV-reducing base stocks would demonstrate similar CCSV-reducing behavior with respect to PAO-6 and PAO-8, or any mixtures of two or more of PAO-4, PAO-6, and PAO-8. All CCSV values in the inventive and comparative examples were measured at -35°C pursuant to ASTM D5583.
  • 2-Octyldodecyl dodecanoate derived from a Guerbet alcohol (i.e., 2-octyl-l- dodecanol) and a linear acid (i.e., decanoic acid, a linear C12 carboxylic acid) demonstrated excellent CCSV-reducing efficacy when blended at low treat rate with PAO-4 as the reference oil.
  • 2-octyldodecyl dodecanoate demonstrated a negative D(ccsv) ⁇ -5% when blended at various treat rates in the range from 5 to 15 wt%, based on the total weight of the binary mixture oil of PAO-4 and the mono-ester.
  • 2-Octyldodecyl nonanoate derived from a Guerbet alcohol (i.e., 2-octyl-l- dodecanol) and a linear acid (i.e., nonanoic acid, a linear C9 carboxylic acid) demonstrated excellent CCSV-reducing efficacy when blended at low treat rate with PAO-4 as the reference oil.
  • 2-octyldodecyl nonanoate demonstrated a negative D(ccsv) ⁇ -5% when blended at various treat rates in the range from 5 to 15 wt%, based on the total weight of the binary mixture oil of PAO-4 and the mono-ester.
  • D(ccsv)/D(kv) > 3 is quite high, making it a highly effective CCSV-reducing base stock without significantly impacting the KV100 of the mixture oil.
  • Di-iso-octyl adipate derived from iso-octyl alcohol and adipic acid (EsterexTM A32, a commercial Group V ester-type base stock available from ExxonMobil Chemical Company having an address at 4500 Bay way Drive, Bay town, Texas 77450, United States) demonstrated CCSV-reducing efficacy as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the high Noack volatility (>30%) of this di-ester precludes this ester from being an inventive example of a CCSV-reducing base stock.
  • the CCSV-reducing mono-esters of this disclosure have a NV value of no higher than 20%, preferably no higher than 15%, still more preferably no higher than 10%.
  • Di-iso-tridecyl adipate derived from iso-tridecyl alcohol and adipic acid (EsterexTM A51, a commercial Group V ester-type base stock available from ExxonMobil Chemical Company) did not demonstrate CCSV-reducing efficacy as shown in FIG. 3.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne des huiles de base réduisant la viscosité d'un simulateur de démarrage à froid ("CCSV") qui offrent de la souplesse pour les qualités d'huile pour moteur SAE de faible viscosité (par exemple, 5W et OW) pour satisfaire les fortes exigences de viscosité à basse température tout en maintenant une viscosité supérieure de l'huile de base pour la protection améliorée contre l'usure. Les huiles de base de réduction de CCSV comprennent des mono-esters pouvant dériver d'un alcool de Guerbet et d'un acide monocarboxylique. La présente invention concerne également des huiles lubrifiantes contenant des huiles de base de réduction de CCSV, et un procédé d'amélioration de l'efficacité du carburant et/ou de la protection contre l'usure dans un moteur en utilisant comme huile de moteur lubrifiante une huile formulée contenant une ou plusieurs huiles de base de réduction de CCSV.
PCT/US2018/023245 2017-03-28 2018-03-20 Huiles de base réduisant la viscosité d'un simulateur de démarrage à froid et formulations d'huile lubrifiante les contenant WO2018183032A1 (fr)

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SG11201908484P SG11201908484PA (en) 2017-03-28 2018-03-20 Cold cranking simulator viscosity reducing base stocks and lubricating oil formulations containing the same
EP18714119.7A EP3601500A1 (fr) 2017-03-28 2018-03-20 Huiles de base réduisant la viscosité d'un simulateur de démarrage à froid et formulations d'huile lubrifiante les contenant
CN201880028806.8A CN110573596B (zh) 2017-03-28 2018-03-20 冷起动模拟机粘度降低基料和含有它们的润滑油制剂

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