WO2018176602A1 - 一种农药雾滴叶片跨膜吸收观测装置 - Google Patents

一种农药雾滴叶片跨膜吸收观测装置 Download PDF

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WO2018176602A1
WO2018176602A1 PCT/CN2017/084643 CN2017084643W WO2018176602A1 WO 2018176602 A1 WO2018176602 A1 WO 2018176602A1 CN 2017084643 W CN2017084643 W CN 2017084643W WO 2018176602 A1 WO2018176602 A1 WO 2018176602A1
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hole
glass cover
protruding rod
blade
digital camera
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English (en)
French (fr)
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高建民
刘旭
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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Priority to US16/498,854 priority Critical patent/US10969342B1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0098—Plants or trees
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N2021/8466—Investigation of vegetal material, e.g. leaves, plants, fruits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/02—Mechanical
    • G01N2201/023—Controlling conditions in casing
    • G01N2201/0238—Moisture monitoring or controlling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a transmembrane absorption observation device for a pesticide mist droplet blade, belonging to the field of agricultural engineering.
  • the leaf surface spraying technology of pesticides is widely used in pest control, pathogen suppression and weed removal.
  • the utilization efficiency of the existing pesticide spraying technology is relatively low. This low efficiency causes a huge waste of pesticides, increases the extra cost in crop production and aggravates the environmental pollution. Therefore, the leaf faces the pesticide droplets.
  • the absorption effect is one of the important ways to solve the above problems.
  • the research on the transmembrane absorption of pesticide droplets depends on the observation device.
  • the existing observation device focuses on the study of the absorption process on the front side of the blade, but ignores the observation and research of the droplet absorption process on the side of the leaf surface.
  • Plants In a 100% humidity environment, in addition to absorbing droplets, plants absorb large amounts of moisture from extremely humid ambient air, which affects test accuracy.
  • test system only photographs the absorption process of the droplets from the top view direction, and the side view image of the droplet absorption cannot be obtained, resulting in the inability to obtain the spatial form of the droplet absorption process.
  • the present invention provides a high precision pesticide mist droplet blade transmembrane absorption observation device.
  • a small environment of 100% humidity including only the blade and the droplet on it is established, and the stereoscopic microscopic test system is used to obtain the true morphological change information of the absorption process of the pesticide droplet on the leaf surface, minimizing Measurement error caused by the whole plant absorbing droplets.
  • a transmembrane absorption observation device for a pesticide mist droplet blade comprising: a data acquisition computer, a temperature and humidity controller, a first digital camera, a first microscope, an illumination lamp, an external atomization nozzle, a temperature and humidity sensor, and an internal atomization Nozzle, inner anti-fog glass cover, blade pressing mechanism, support frame, outer anti-fog glass cover, lower bottom plate, second digital camera, second microscope,
  • the outer anti-fog glass cover encloses an outer anti-fog chamber on the lower bottom plate for placing the whole plant, and the support frame is placed in the outer atomization chamber, the inner anti-fog glass cover is shrouded on the upper top plate of the support frame, and the support frame
  • the upper top plate constitutes an observation room, and the outer atomizing nozzle and the inner atomizing nozzle are respectively inserted into the outer anti-fog chamber and the observation room, and the temperature and humidity controller passes two numbers
  • the line is respectively connected with the outer atomizing nozzle and the inner atomizing nozzle, and respectively controls the outer atomizing nozzle and the inner atomizing nozzle spray to control the humidity in the atomizing chamber;
  • the temperature and humidity sensor is placed in the observation room and connected to the data acquisition computer through a data line for detecting the temperature and humidity in the inner antifogging glass chamber; the blade pressing mechanism is disposed at a position above the upper top plate of the support frame in the observation room. For compacting plant leaves;
  • the illuminating lamp is located above the outer anti-fog glass cover, and the first digital camera and the first microscope are placed above the outer anti-fog glass cover and can adjust the relative position between the first microscope and the outer anti-fog glass cover for Obtaining an absorption process of the front surface of the leaf surface; the second digital camera and the second microscope are placed on the side of the outer anti-fog glass cover and can adjust the relative position between the microscope and the outer anti-fog glass cover for acquiring the blade
  • the absorption process of the side mist droplets; the first digital camera and the second digital camera are respectively connected to the data acquisition computer through two data acquisition lines; the data acquisition computer is used for receiving, observing and processing the first digital camera and the first
  • the image of the leaf surface droplet absorption process transmitted by the two digital cameras and the humidity inside the anti-fog glass cover are monitored.
  • the blade pressing mechanism is a manual mechanical leaf edge compactor, and the first circular arc edge edge pressing block, the second circular arc edge edge pressing block, and the single protruding rod without a through hole arc a blade edge compact, a single extension rod and a double through hole fixing block, a single extension rod and a single through hole fixing block, and six connecting rods; the cylindrical through hole of the fixing block with a through hole
  • the central axis is parallel to the central axis of the protruding rod with the protruding rod and the protruding rod of the fixing block in the same horizontal plane, the nominal diameter of the through hole and the protruding rod is 10 mm, and the connection manner of any through hole and the protruding rod
  • the protruding rod of the circular-arc-edge edge of the single-stretching rod without the through-hole is first inserted into the same-side through-hole of the single-stretching rod and the single-hole fixing block, and then the single-stretching rod
  • the fixing blocks of the single protruding rod and the single through hole are fixedly connected to the supporting frame by welding; the heights of the first circular arc blade edge pressing block and the second circular arc leaf edge pressing block are both 15 mm,
  • the length of the protruding rod of the arc-shaped leaf edge pressing block having no through hole and the single protruding rod is 60 mm, and the length of the protruding rod of the single protruding rod and the single through hole fixing block is 45 mm, the single protruding rod
  • the length of the extension rod of the double-hole fixing block is 30 mm, and the thickness of the six connecting rods is 3 mm.
  • the temperature and humidity controller has two knobs for controlling the atomization amount, and the inner atomizing nozzle and the outer atomizing nozzle are stepped horns with low frequency ultrasonic mist with an exponential transition section.
  • the nozzle has a vibration frequency of 45-60 kHz.
  • first digital camera and the second digital camera respectively capture images of the first microscope and the second microscope.
  • the temperature and humidity sensor model is DHT11
  • the temperature measurement range is 0° C.-50° C.
  • the humidity measurement range is 20%-95%
  • the humidity measurement error is ⁇ 5%.
  • the outer anti-fog glass cover has five faces, and has the following dimensions: 620 mm in length, 380 mm in width, and 304 mm in height, and is made of ordinary glass coated with conductive materials ITO and silicon oxide, and the outer anti-fog glass cover A nozzle fixing hole having a diameter of 13 mm is opened on the upper surface.
  • the inner anti-fog glass cover has five faces and has the following dimensions: a length of 180 mm, a width of 180 mm, and a height of 50 mm.
  • the material is a common glass coated with a conductive material of ITO and silicon oxide, and the inner anti-fog glass cover is used.
  • a fixing hole having a 13 mm diameter nozzle is opened on the upper surface.
  • the existing droplet absorption observation system places the whole plant in a 100% humidity environment. In addition to absorbing the droplets, the plants also absorb a large amount of moisture from the extremely humid ambient air, thereby affecting the test accuracy.
  • the present invention establishes only a small environment of 100% humidity of the leaves and the droplets located thereon, and minimizes the measurement error caused by the whole plant absorbing the droplets.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structural composition of a transmembrane absorption observation device for a pesticide mist droplet blade according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the manual mechanical type blade pressing mechanism
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic exploded view showing the structure of the inner and outer spray chambers of the present invention.
  • 1-data acquisition computer 2-temperature humidity controller, 3-first digital camera, 4-first microscope, 5-light, 6-outer atomizing nozzle, 7-temperature and humidity sensor, 8-inner atomizing nozzle , 9-inner anti-fog glass cover, 10-blade pressing mechanism, 11-plant blade, 12-support frame, 13-outside anti-fog glass cover, 14-lower bottom plate, 15-second digital camera, 16-second microscope.
  • FIG. 1 this figure is a schematic diagram of the basic structure of a transmembrane absorption observation device for a pesticide droplet blade according to the present invention, which is composed of a data acquisition computer 1, a temperature and humidity controller 2, a first digital camera 3, and a first microscope 4 , lighting 5, external atomizing nozzle 6, temperature and humidity sensor 7, internal atomizing nozzle 8, internal anti-fog glass cover 9, blade pressing mechanism 10, plant
  • the blade 11, the support frame 12, the outer fog glass cover 13, the lower bottom plate 14, the second digital camera 15, the second microscope 16, and the like are composed.
  • FIG. 2 is a manual mechanical leaf edge compactor, which is composed of a first circular arc edge edge block 17, a second circular leaf edge edge block 18, and a single An arc-shaped leaf edge pressing block 19 having no through hole, a fixing block 20 of a single extension rod and a double through hole, a fixing block 21 of a single extension rod and a single through hole, and six connecting rods 22-27
  • the central axis of the cylindrical through hole of the fixing block with the through hole is parallel to the central axis of the protruding rod with the protruding rod and the protruding rod of the fixing block, and the nominal of the through hole and the protruding rod
  • the diameter is 10mm, and the connection manner of any through hole and the extension rod adopts a clearance fit, and the protruding rod of the circular-shaped leaf edge pressing block 19 of the single protruding rod without the through hole is first inserted into the single protruding rod and the single through hole.
  • the single protruding rod and the single through hole fixing block 21 are fixedly connected to the support frame 12 by welding, and the circular arc edge edge pressing block 19 and the single protruding rod which are manually pushed and pulled out of the single protruding rod without the through hole.
  • the heights of the first circular arc-shaped edge edge block 17 and the second circular-arc edge edge pressing block 18 are both 15 mm, and the single-extended rod has no through-hole arc-shaped leaf edge pressing block 19
  • the length of the rod is 60 mm, the length of the protruding rod of the single protruding rod and the single through hole 21 is 45 mm, and the length of the protruding rod of the single protruding rod and the double through hole is 30 mm.
  • the thickness of the six connecting rods 22 to 27 is 3 mm.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic exploded view showing the structure of the inner and outer spray chambers of the present invention.
  • the outer anti-fog glass cover 13 and the lower bottom plate 14 constitute an outer anti-fog glass chamber for placing the entire plant.
  • the inner anti-fog glass cover 9 and the upper top plate of the support frame 12 constitute an inner anti-fog glass chamber, which is an observation room.
  • the blade to be observed is placed on the surface of the top plate on the support frame 12 in the inner anti-fog glass chamber, and then the blade pressing mechanism 10 is pressed against the blade, and the protruding rods are respectively inserted into the positioning holes on the top plate of the support frame 12, further according to The size of the blade is adjusted to extend the extension of the blade pressing mechanism 10 to find a suitable position of the edge of the pressing blade, and finally the inner antifogging glass cover 9, the inner atomizing nozzle 8 and the outer antifogging glass cover 13 are installed.
  • the inner and outer spray chamber structures shown in Fig. 1 are formed.
  • the outer atomizing nozzle 6 and the inner atomizing nozzle 8 are respectively inserted into the outer anti-fog chamber and the observation room, and the temperature and humidity controller 2 is respectively connected to the outer atomizing nozzle 6 and the inner atomizing nozzle 8 through two data lines, respectively The outer atomizing nozzle 6 and the inner atomizing nozzle 8 are controlled to spray to control the humidity in the atomizing chamber.
  • the temperature and humidity sensor 7 is placed in the observation room and connected to the data acquisition computer 1 through a data line for detecting the temperature and humidity in the inner antifogging glass chamber; the blade pressing mechanism 10 is disposed on the support frame 12 in the observation room. Roof The upper position is used to compact the plant blade 11.
  • the illuminating lamp 5 is located above the outer anti-fog glass cover 13, and the first digital camera 3 and the first microscope 4 are placed above the outer anti-fog glass cover 13 and can adjust the first microscope 4 and the outer anti-fog glass cover 13
  • the relative position between the two is used to obtain the absorption process of the front surface droplets on the leaf surface.
  • the second digital camera 15 and the second microscope 16 are placed on the side of the outer anti-fog glass cover 13 and can adjust the relative position between the microscope and the outer anti-fog glass cover 13 for obtaining the absorption process of the droplets on the side of the blade.
  • the first digital camera 3 and the second digital camera 15 are respectively connected to the data acquisition computer 1 via two data acquisition lines.
  • the data acquisition computer 1 is configured to receive, observe, and process images of the leaf surface droplet absorption process transmitted by the first digital camera 3 and the second digital camera 15 and to monitor the humidity within the inner anti-fog glass cover 9.
  • the lower bottom plate 14 is horizontally placed, and the support frames of the front and side microscopic test systems are horizontally placed on the lower bottom plate 14 side.
  • the support frame 12 is horizontally placed above the lower bottom plate 14, and the plant is placed on the side of the support frame 12 opposite to the support frame of the positive and side microscopic test system, and the blade to be observed is selected and placed flat on Above the support frame 12, the three extension rods of the blade compression mechanism 10 are adjusted according to the size of the blade and the blade is securely fixed to the upper surface of the support frame 12, in the process, the blade should be as far as possible The compact of the compression mechanism 10 is pressed against the edge of the blade to maintain a large viewing area.
  • the inner anti-fog glass cover 9 is covered and the inner atomizing nozzle 8 is inserted into the nozzle placement hole above the inner anti-fog glass cover 9, and the data line of the temperature and humidity sensor 7 and the flow signal control line of the inner atomizing nozzle 8 are taken out.
  • the outer anti-fog glass cover 13 is covered and the outer atomizing nozzle 6 is inserted into the nozzle placement hole above the outer anti-fog glass cover 13.
  • the first microscope 4 and the second microscope 16 are assembled on the support frame support rods of the front and side microscopic test systems, and the first digital camera 3 and the second digital camera 15 are respectively connected, and finally the data is extracted from the digital camera data output port. line.
  • the outputs of the data lines of the temperature and humidity sensor 7, the first digital camera 3, and the second digital camera 15 are inserted into the USB interface of the data acquisition computer 1.
  • the flow control signal lines of the inner and outer atomizing nozzles are respectively connected to the two interfaces of the temperature and humidity controller 2.
  • the illuminating lamp 5 is fixed to the support rod of the support frame of the front and side view microscopy system through the illuminating lamp holder. At this point, the assembly and connection of the device has been completed.
  • the data acquisition computer 1, the temperature and humidity controller 2, and the illumination lamp 5 are respectively powered on, and the nozzle starts to spray.
  • the blade to be observed is placed on the upper top surface of the support frame 12, and the three protruding rods of the blade pressing mechanism 10 are adjusted to press the outer edge of the blade to ensure that the blade has a large droplet absorption area.
  • the inner anti-fog glass cover 9 is placed on the upper top plate of the support frame 12, the inner atomizing spray head 8 is inserted into the inner anti-fog glass cover 9, and then the outer anti-fog is covered.
  • the glass cover 13 aligns the positive and second microscope lenses with the blades, turns on the illumination lamp 5, connects all the data lines and power lines, opens the data acquisition computer 1 and opens the data receiving and processing software or module, and then adjusts the The optimal viewing distance is determined by the distance between the microscope 4 and the second microscope 16 lens relative to the blade.
  • the inner and lower atomizing nozzles 8 and the outer atomizing nozzle 6 are controlled to control the temperature and humidity controller 2 to observe the temperature and humidity sensor 7
  • the temperature and humidity in the inner anti-fog glass chamber are checked to ensure that the humidity in the inner anti-fog glass chamber is equal to 100%.
  • the first digital camera 3 and the second digital camera 15 respectively capture images enlarged by the first microscope 4 and the second microscope 16.
  • the temperature and humidity controller 2 has two knobs for controlling the atomization amount, the temperature and humidity sensor 7 is DHT11, the temperature measurement range is 0° C.-50° C., and the humidity measurement range is 20 %-95%, humidity measurement error is ⁇ 5%.
  • the inner atomizing nozzle 8 and the outer atomizing nozzle 6 are stepped horn low frequency ultrasonic atomizing nozzles with an exponential transition section, and the vibration frequency of the main body is 45-60 kHz.
  • the outer anti-fog glass cover 13 has five faces and has the following dimensions: 620 mm long, 380 mm wide, and 304 mm high.
  • the material is a common glass coated with a conductive material of ITO and silicon oxide, and the outer anti-fog glass cover 13 is provided.
  • a nozzle fixing hole having a diameter of 13 mm is opened on the surface.
  • the inner anti-fog glass cover 9 has five faces and has the following dimensions: a length of 180 mm, a width of 180 mm, and a height of 50 mm.
  • the material is a common glass coated with a conductive material of ITO and silicon oxide, and the inner anti-fog glass cover 9 is The surface has a fixing hole with a 13 mm diameter nozzle.

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Abstract

一种农药雾滴叶片跨膜吸收观测装置，外防雾玻璃罩（13）笼罩在下底板（14）上构成外防雾室，用于放置整个植株，支持架（12）置于外雾化室内，内防雾玻璃罩（9）笼罩在支持架（12）的上顶板构成观察室，外雾化喷头（6）、内雾化喷头（8）分别插入外防雾室、观察室内，温湿度控制器（2）分别与外雾化喷头（6）和内雾化喷头（8）相连；温湿度传感器（7）置于观察室内、并与数据采集计算机（1）相连接，叶片压紧机构（10）设置在观察室内，用于压紧植物叶片；第一数码相机（3）和第一显微镜（4）、第二数码相机（15）和第二显微镜（16）分别置于外防雾玻璃罩（13）的上方、侧方。通过构建仅包括叶片和位于其上雾滴的100％湿度小环境，最大限度地减少因整株植物吸收雾滴而引起的测量误差。

Description

一种农药雾滴叶片跨膜吸收观测装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种农药雾滴叶片跨膜吸收观测装置，属于农业工程领域。
背景技术
农药的叶表面喷洒技术广泛应用在害虫防治、病菌抑制以及清除杂草等方面。然而现有的农药喷洒技术的利用效率是比较低的，这种低效率造成了农药的巨大浪费，提高了农作物生产中的额外成本以及加重了对环境污染，因此，提高叶面对农药雾滴的吸收效果是解决以上问题的重要途径之一。对于农药雾滴叶片跨膜吸收的研究依赖于观测装置，现有的观测装置侧重于对叶片正面的吸收过程的研究，但却忽视了叶表面侧面雾滴吸收过程的观测和研究。
现有雾滴叶片吸收观测装置有如下不足：
1.植物在100％湿度环境内，植物除了吸收雾滴以外，也会大量地从极度潮湿的环境空气中吸收水分，从而影响测试精度。
2.测试系统仅仅从顶视方向拍摄雾滴的吸收过程，而雾滴吸收的侧视图像无法获取，导致不能获取雾滴吸收过程的空间形态。
发明内容
为克服现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种高精度的农药雾滴叶片跨膜吸收观测装置。通过固定叶片的位置，建立仅包括叶片和位于其上雾滴的100％湿度小环境，并且通过立体显微测试系统来获取叶表面农药雾滴被吸收过程的真实形态变化信息，最大限度地减少因整株植物吸收雾滴而引起的测量误差。
本发明采用的具体技术方案如下：
一种农药雾滴叶片跨膜吸收观测装置，其特征在于：包括数据采集计算机、温湿度控制器、第一数码相机、第一显微镜、照明灯、外雾化喷头、温湿度传感器、内雾化喷头、内防雾玻璃罩、叶片压紧机构、支持架、外防雾玻璃罩、下底板、第二数码相机、第二显微镜，
外防雾玻璃罩笼罩在下底板上构成外防雾室，用于放置整个植株，支持架置于外雾化室内，所述内防雾玻璃罩笼罩在支持架的上顶板上、与支持架的上顶板构成观察室，外雾化喷头、内雾化喷头分别插入外防雾室、观察室内，所述温湿度控制器通过两条数 据线分别与外雾化喷头和内雾化喷头相连，分别控制外雾化喷头和内雾化喷头喷雾以控制雾化室内的湿度；
所述温湿度传感器置于观察室内、并通过数据线与数据采集计算机相连接，用于检测内防雾玻璃室内的温湿度；叶片压紧机构设置在观察室内位于支持架的上顶板上方的位置，用于压紧植物叶片；
照明灯位于外防雾玻璃罩的上方，所述第一数码相机和第一显微镜置于外防雾玻璃罩的上方并能够调节第一显微镜与外防雾玻璃罩之间的相对位置，用来获取叶表面正面雾滴的吸收过程；所述第二数码相机和第二显微镜置于外防雾玻璃罩的侧方并能够调节显微镜与外防雾玻璃罩之间的相对位置，用来获取叶片侧面雾滴的吸收过程；第一数码相机和第二数码相机通过两条数据采集线分别与所述数据采集计算机相连接；所述数据采集计算机用于接收、观察和处理第一数码相机和第二数码相机传递过来的叶表面雾滴吸收过程的图像以及监测内防雾玻璃罩内的湿度。
进一步地，所述叶片压紧机构为手动机械式叶边缘压紧器，由第一圆弧形叶边缘压块、第二圆弧形叶边缘压块、单伸出杆无通孔的圆弧形叶边缘压块、单伸出杆和双通孔的固定块、单伸出杆和单通孔的固定块以及六个连接杆组成；所述带有通孔的固定块的圆柱形通孔的中心轴线与带有伸出杆的压块和固定块的伸出杆的中心轴线在同一水平面内平行，通孔和伸出杆的公称直径均为10mm，任意通孔与伸出杆的连接方式采用间隙配合，单伸出杆无通孔的圆弧形叶边缘压块的伸出杆先插入单伸出杆和单通孔的固定块的同侧通孔，再将单伸出杆和双通孔的固定块的两个通孔分别套在已经连接好的单伸出杆无通孔的圆弧形叶边缘压块和单伸出杆和单通孔的固定块的伸出杆上，最后用所述六个连接杆将所有的压块和固定块连接起来构成10个活动铰链。所述单伸出杆和单通孔的固定块通过焊接与支持架固连；所述第一圆弧形叶边缘压块和第二圆弧形叶边缘压块的高度均为15mm，所述单伸出杆无通孔的圆弧形叶边缘压块的伸出杆长度为60mm，所述单伸出杆和单通孔的固定块的伸出杆长度为45mm，所述单伸出杆和双通孔的固定块的伸出杆长度为30mm，所述六个连接杆的厚度均为3mm。
进一步地，所述温湿度控制器具有两个旋钮分别用于控制所述的雾化量，所述内雾化喷头和外雾化喷头为带有指数形过渡段的阶梯形变幅杆低频超声雾化喷头，其主体的振动频率为45-60kHz。
进一步地，所述第一数码相机、第二数码相机分别拍摄所述第一显微镜、第二显微镜放大的图像。
进一步地，所述温湿度传感器型号为DHT11，温度测量范围：0℃-50℃，湿度测量范围：20％-95％，湿度测量误差为±5％。
进一步地，所述外防雾玻璃罩具有五个面，其尺寸为：长620mm，宽380mm，高304mm，材质为表面涂有导电材料ITO和氧化硅的普通玻璃，所述外防雾玻璃罩上表面开有直径为13mm的喷头固定孔。
进一步地，所述内防雾玻璃罩具有五个面，其尺寸为：长180mm，宽180mm，高50mm，材质为表面涂有导电材料ITO和氧化硅的普通玻璃，所述内防雾玻璃罩上表面开有直径为13mm喷头的固定孔。
本发明的优点是：
1.现有雾滴吸收观测系统是把整个植物放置在在100％湿度环境内，植物除了吸收雾滴以外，也会大量地从极度潮湿的环境空气中吸收水分，从而影响测试精度。而本发明建立仅包括叶片和位于其上雾滴的100％湿度小环境，最大限度地减少因整株植物吸收雾滴而引起的测量误差。
2.从正、侧两个方向对叶片进行观测，从而可以获取雾滴吸收过程的更为完整的形态变化信息。
3.通过设计一种手动机械式的叶片压紧机构，从而实现对被观测叶片的可靠固定并且根据实际被观测叶片也表面积大小尽可能地增大观测面积。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述农药雾滴叶片跨膜吸收观测装置结构组成示意图；
图2为所述手动机械式的叶片压紧机构的结构示意图；
图3为本发明中的内、外雾化室结构分解示意图。
1-数据采集计算机，2-温湿度控制器，3-第一数码相机，4-第一显微镜，5-照明灯，6-外雾化喷头，7-温湿度传感器，8-内雾化喷头，9-内防雾玻璃罩，10-叶片压紧机构，11-植物叶片，12-支持架，13-外防雾玻璃罩，14-下底板，15-第二数码相机，16-第二显微镜。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图以及具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但本发明的保护范围并不限于此。
如图1所示，此图为本发明所述的农药雾滴叶片跨膜吸收观测装置基本结构示意图，其由数据采集计算机1、温湿度控制器2、第一数码相机3、第一显微镜4、照明灯5、外雾化喷头6、温湿度传感器7、内雾化喷头8、内防雾玻璃罩9、叶片压紧机构10、植 物叶片11、支持架12、外防雾玻璃罩13、下底板14、第二数码相机15、第二显微镜16等组成。
本发明中叶片压紧机构10的结构如图2所示，为手动机械式叶边缘压紧器，由第一圆弧形叶边缘压块17、第二圆弧形叶边缘压块18、单伸出杆无通孔的圆弧形叶边缘压块19、单伸出杆和双通孔的固定块20、单伸出杆和单通孔的固定块21以及六个连接杆22～27组成；所述带有通孔的固定块的圆柱形通孔的中心轴线与带有伸出杆的压块和固定块的伸出杆的中心轴线在同一水平面内平行，通孔和伸出杆的公称直径均为10mm，任意通孔与伸出杆的连接方式采用间隙配合，单伸出杆无通孔的圆弧形叶边缘压块19的伸出杆先插入单伸出杆和单通孔的固定块21的同侧通孔，再将单伸出杆和双通孔的固定块20的两个通孔分别套在已经连接好的单伸出杆无通孔的圆弧形叶边缘压块19和单伸出杆和单通孔的固定块21的伸出杆上，最后用所述六个连接杆22～27将所有的压块和固定块连接起来构成10个活动铰链。所述单伸出杆和单通孔的固定块21通过焊接与支持架12固连，通过手动推进和拉出单伸出杆无通孔的圆弧形叶边缘压块19和单伸出杆和双通孔的固定块20的伸出杆的方式来调节两者与单伸出杆和单通孔的固定块21之间的相对位置，并根据叶片的大小调节压紧位置从而尽可能得到较大的叶表面观测面积。所述第一圆弧形叶边缘压块17和第二圆弧形叶边缘压块18的高度均为15mm，所述单伸出杆无通孔的圆弧形叶边缘压块19的伸出杆长度为60mm，所述单伸出杆和单通孔的固定块21的伸出杆长度为45mm，所述单伸出杆和双通孔的固定块20的伸出杆长度为30mm，所述六个连接杆22～27的厚度均为3mm。
图3所示为本发明中的内、外雾化室结构分解示意图。外防雾玻璃罩13与下底板14组成外防雾玻璃室，用于放置整个植株。在外防雾玻璃室内，内防雾玻璃罩9与支持架12的上顶板组成内防雾玻璃室，为观察室。待观察的叶片置于内防雾玻璃室内的支持架12上顶板的表面，然后叶片压紧机构10压在叶片上，其伸出杆分别插入支持架12上顶板上的定位孔内，进一步根据叶片大小来调节叶片压紧机构10伸出杆的伸、出来找到较为合适的压紧叶边缘的位置，最终将内防雾玻璃罩9、内雾化喷头8和外防雾玻璃罩13安装好便形成图1所示的内、外雾化室结构。外雾化喷头6、内雾化喷头8分别插入外防雾室、观察室内，所述温湿度控制器2通过两条数据线分别与外雾化喷头6和内雾化喷头8相连，通过分别控制外雾化喷头6和内雾化喷头8喷雾以控制雾化室内的湿度。所述温湿度传感器7置于观察室内、并通过数据线与数据采集计算机1相连接，用于检测内防雾玻璃室内的温湿度；叶片压紧机构10设置在观察室内位于支持架12的上顶板 上方的位置，用于压紧植物叶片11。
照明灯5位于外防雾玻璃罩13的上方，所述第一数码相机3和第一显微镜4置于外防雾玻璃罩13的上方并能够调节第一显微镜4与外防雾玻璃罩13之间的相对位置，用来获取叶表面正面雾滴的吸收过程。所述第二数码相机15和第二显微镜16置于外防雾玻璃罩13的侧方并能够调节显微镜与外防雾玻璃罩13之间的相对位置，用来获取叶片侧面雾滴的吸收过程。第一数码相机3和第二数码相机15通过两条数据采集线分别与所述数据采集计算机1相连接。所述数据采集计算机1用于接收、观察和处理第一数码相机3和第二数码相机15传递过来的叶表面雾滴吸收过程的图像以及监测内防雾玻璃罩9内的湿度。
如图1所示，在组装时，先将下底板14水平放置，再将正、侧显微测试系统的支持架水平放置于下底板14一侧。进一步，支持架12水平置于下底板14的上方，将植株置于支持架12的相背于正、侧显微测试系统支持架的一侧，选取待观测的叶片并将其展平放置于支持架12的上方，紧接着根据叶片的大小来调节叶片压紧机构10的三个伸出杆并将叶片可靠地固定在支持架12的上表面，在此过程中，应尽可能地使叶片压紧机构10的压块压在叶边缘以保持较大的观测面积。进一步，盖上内防雾玻璃罩9并将内雾化喷头8插入内防雾玻璃罩9上方的喷头安置孔内，引出温湿度传感器7的数据线和内雾化喷头8的流量信号控制线，盖上外防雾玻璃罩13并将外雾化喷头6插入外防雾玻璃罩13上方的喷头安置孔内。将第一显微镜4以及第二显微镜16装配在正、侧显微测试系统的支持架支撑杆上，并分别连接第一数码相机3和第二数码相机15，最后从数码相机数据输出端口引出数据线。将温湿度传感器7、第一数码相机3和第二数码相机15的数据线的输出端插进数据采集计算机1的USB接口上。将内、外雾化喷头的流量控制信号线分别连接在温湿度控制器2的两个接口上。将照明灯5通过照明灯座固定在正、侧视显微测试系统的支持架的支撑杆上。至此，已完成本装置的组装和连接。将数据采集计算机1、温湿度控制器2和照明灯5分别接通电源，喷头开始喷雾。先通过调节正、侧视显微镜的位置来确定较好的观测角度，再通过调节照明灯5相对于正、侧视显微测试系统支持架的支撑杆的轴向位置来调节图像观测亮度和质量，最后开始进行雾滴吸收过程的测试。
工作过程：将待观察的叶片置于支持架12的上顶板面上，通过调节叶片压紧机构10的三个伸出杆来压紧叶片最边缘以保证叶片具有较大的雾滴吸收面积，将内防雾玻璃罩9盖在支持架12的上顶板上，将内雾化喷头8插入内防雾玻璃罩9，然后盖上外防雾 玻璃罩13并将正、第二显微镜镜头与叶片对正，打开照明灯5，将所有的数据线、电源线连接好之后打开数据采集计算机1并打开数据接收和处理软件或模块，然后调节第一显微镜4、第二显微镜16镜头相对于叶片的距离来确定最为合适的观察距离，通过控制温湿度控制器2来控制内雾化喷头8和外雾化喷头6进行喷雾并观察温湿度传感器7检测的内防雾玻璃室内的温湿度，确保内防雾玻璃室内的湿度等于100％。所述第一数码相机3、第二数码相机15分别拍摄所述第一显微镜4、第二显微镜16放大的图像。
具体的，所述温湿度控制器2具有两个旋钮分别用于控制所述的雾化量，所述温湿度传感器7型号为DHT11，温度测量范围：0℃-50℃，湿度测量范围：20％-95％，湿度测量误差为±5％。所述内雾化喷头8和外雾化喷头6为带有指数形过渡段的阶梯形变幅杆低频超声雾化喷头，其主体的振动频率为45-60kHz。
所述外防雾玻璃罩13具有五个面，其尺寸为：长620mm，宽380mm，高304mm，材质为表面涂有导电材料ITO和氧化硅的普通玻璃，所述外防雾玻璃罩13上表面开有直径为13mm的喷头固定孔。所述内防雾玻璃罩9具有五个面，其尺寸为：长180mm，宽180mm，高50mm，材质为表面涂有导电材料ITO和氧化硅的普通玻璃，所述内防雾玻璃罩9上表面开有直径为13mm喷头的固定孔。
所述实施例为本发明的优选的实施方式，但本发明并不限于上述实施方式，在不背离本发明的实质内容的情况下，本领域技术人员能够做出的任何显而易见的改进、替换或变型均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种农药雾滴叶片跨膜吸收观测装置，其特征在于：包括数据采集计算机(1)、温湿度控制器(2)、第一数码相机(3)、第一显微镜(4)、照明灯(5)、外雾化喷头(6)、温湿度传感器(7)、内雾化喷头(8)、内防雾玻璃罩(9)、叶片压紧机构(10)、支持架(12)、外防雾玻璃罩(13)、下底板(14)、第二数码相机(15)、第二显微镜(16)，
    外防雾玻璃罩(13)笼罩在下底板(14)上构成外防雾室，用于放置整个植株，支持架(12)置于外雾化室内，所述内防雾玻璃罩(9)笼罩在支持架(12)的上顶板上、与支持架(12)的上顶板构成观察室，外雾化喷头(6)、内雾化喷头(8)分别插入外防雾室、观察室内，所述温湿度控制器(2)通过两条数据线分别与外雾化喷头(6)和内雾化喷头(8)相连，分别控制外雾化喷头(6)和内雾化喷头(8)喷雾以控制雾化室内的湿度；
    所述温湿度传感器(7)置于观察室内、并通过数据线与数据采集计算机(1)相连接，用于检测内防雾玻璃室内的温湿度；叶片压紧机构(10)设置在观察室内位于支持架(12)的上顶板上方的位置，用于压紧植物叶片(11)；
    照明灯(5)位于外防雾玻璃罩(13)的上方，所述第一数码相机(3)和第一显微镜(4)置于外防雾玻璃罩(13)的上方并能够调节第一显微镜(4)与外防雾玻璃罩(13)之间的相对位置，用来获取叶表面正面雾滴的吸收过程；所述第二数码相机(15)和第二显微镜(16)置于外防雾玻璃罩(13)的侧方并能够调节显微镜与外防雾玻璃罩(13)之间的相对位置，用来获取叶片侧面雾滴的吸收过程；第一数码相机(3)和第二数码相机(15)通过两条数据采集线分别与所述数据采集计算机(1)相连接；所述数据采集计算机(1)用于接收、观察和处理第一数码相机(3)和第二数码相机(15)传递过来的叶表面雾滴吸收过程的图像以及监测内防雾玻璃罩(9)内的湿度。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的农药雾滴叶片跨膜吸收观测装置，其特征在于：所述叶片压紧机构(10)为手动机械式叶边缘压紧器，由第一圆弧形叶边缘压块(17)、第二圆弧形叶边缘压块(18)、单伸出杆无通孔的圆弧形叶边缘压块(19)、单伸出杆和双通孔的固定块(20)、单伸出杆和单通孔的固定块(21)以及六个连接杆(22～27)组成；所述带有通孔的固定块的圆柱形通孔的中心轴线与带有伸出杆的压块和固定块的伸出杆的中心轴线在同一水平面内平行，通孔和伸出杆的公称直径均为10mm，任意通孔与伸出杆的连接方式采用间隙配合，单伸出杆无通孔的圆弧形叶边缘压块(19)的伸出杆先插入单伸出杆和单 通孔的固定块(21)的同侧通孔，再将单伸出杆和双通孔的固定块(20)的两个通孔分别套在已经连接好的单伸出杆无通孔的圆弧形叶边缘压块(19)和单伸出杆和单通孔的固定块(21)的伸出杆上，最后用所述六个连接杆(22～27)将所有的压块和固定块连接起来构成10个活动铰链。所述单伸出杆和单通孔的固定块(21)通过焊接与支持架(12)固连；所述第一圆弧形叶边缘压块(17)和第二圆弧形叶边缘压块(18)的高度均为15mm，所述单伸出杆无通孔的圆弧形叶边缘压块(19)的伸出杆长度为60mm，所述单伸出杆和单通孔的固定块(21)的伸出杆长度为45mm，所述单伸出杆和双通孔的固定块(20)的伸出杆长度为30mm，所述六个连接杆(22～27)的厚度均为3mm。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的农药雾滴叶片跨膜吸收观测装置，其特征在于：所述温湿度控制器(2)具有两个旋钮分别用于控制所述的雾化量，所述内雾化喷头(8)和外雾化喷头(6)为带有指数形过渡段的阶梯形变幅杆低频超声雾化喷头，其主体的振动频率为45-60kHz。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的农药雾滴叶片跨膜吸收观测装置，其特征在于：所述第一数码相机(3)、第二数码相机(15)分别拍摄所述第一显微镜(4)、第二显微镜(16)放大的图像。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的农药雾滴叶片跨膜吸收观测装置，其特征在于：所述温湿度传感器(7)型号为DHT11，温度测量范围：0℃-50℃，湿度测量范围：20％-95％，湿度测量误差为±5％。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的农药雾滴叶片跨膜吸收观测装置，其特征在于：所述外防雾玻璃罩(13)具有五个面，其尺寸为：长620mm，宽380mm，高304mm，材质为表面涂有导电材料ITO和氧化硅的普通玻璃，所述外防雾玻璃罩(13)上表面开有直径为13mm的喷头固定孔。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的农药雾滴叶片跨膜吸收观测装置，其特征在于：所述内防雾玻璃罩(9)具有五个面，其尺寸为：长180mm，宽180mm，高50mm，材质为表面涂有导电材料ITO和氧化硅的普通玻璃，所述内防雾玻璃罩(9)上表面开有直径为13mm喷头的固定孔。
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