WO2018170968A1 - 一种平衡式非均匀圆极化环天线 - Google Patents

一种平衡式非均匀圆极化环天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018170968A1
WO2018170968A1 PCT/CN2017/080467 CN2017080467W WO2018170968A1 WO 2018170968 A1 WO2018170968 A1 WO 2018170968A1 CN 2017080467 W CN2017080467 W CN 2017080467W WO 2018170968 A1 WO2018170968 A1 WO 2018170968A1
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uniform
circularly polarized
loop antenna
antenna
radiating element
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PCT/CN2017/080467
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English (en)
French (fr)
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吕文俊
许璐
袁成莹
王雷杰
李笑乾
王康
王东东
刘超男
朱洪波
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南京邮电大学
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Publication of WO2018170968A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018170968A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a balanced non-uniform circularly polarized loop antenna, belonging to the field of Internet of Things and microwave technology.
  • Circularly polarized antennas play an important role in the radio field, especially in spacecraft. Due to the fixed position and attitude of aircraft, their communication measurement and control equipment requires common, lightweight, small and low cost circularly polarized antennas.
  • Radio Frequency Identification is a communication network application technology that can identify specific targets and read and write related data through radio signals without establishing mechanical or optical contact between the system and a specific target.
  • the RFID chip can be read-only or read/write, depending on the application requirements.
  • Passive tag devices use E2PROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) to facilitate writing data to specific electronic processing devices.
  • the Auto-ID specification also includes a deadlock command to block the tracking process when appropriate.
  • RFID radio frequency identification is a non-contact automatic identification technology. It automatically recognizes target objects and acquires relevant data through radio frequency signals. The identification work can work in various harsh environments without manual intervention. RFID technology can recognize high-speed moving objects and recognize multiple labels at the same time, which is quick and easy to operate.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a balanced non-uniform circularly polarized loop antenna.
  • the antenna designed by the invention has the characteristics of bidirectional circular polarization and perpendicular to the plane of the antenna, and has the characteristics of simple structure, low sectional size and small volume, and is favorable for planar design and small application.
  • the present invention provides a balanced non-uniform circularly polarized loop antenna comprising a dielectric substrate and a top layer non-uniform rectangular ring radiating element disposed on an upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and first and second bottom fork-shaped feeds disposed on a lower surface of the dielectric substrate An electric unit; wherein a main arm of the first bottom fork-shaped feed unit is connected to a main arm of the second bottom fork-shaped feed unit; and the first and second bottom fork-shaped feed units are identical in structure and size, and first And the second bottom fork-shaped feeding unit is arranged in anti-symmetric arrangement with respect to the two diagonal lines of the inner ring of the top-level non-uniform rectangular ring radiating element.
  • the top layer non-uniform rectangular ring radiating element has a circumference of 0.9 to 1.1 wavelengths.
  • the width ratio of two adjacent sides of the top layer non-uniform rectangular ring radiating element ranges from 2:1 to 6:1.
  • the dielectric substrate has a dielectric constant of 2.65.
  • the dielectric substrate has a thickness of 1 mm.
  • the inner ring of the top layer non-uniform rectangular ring radiating element is square.
  • the present invention has the following technical effects: the balanced non-uniform circularly polarized loop antenna of the present invention uses a top-level non-uniform rectangular ring radiating element and a bottom fork-shaped feeding unit to realize far The field radiation directional circularly polarized wave, and the manufacturing process is simple and the cost is low.
  • 1 is a schematic diagram of a front view and a reference coordinate of an antenna.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional schematic diagram and reference coordinates of an antenna.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the antenna shaft ratio calculated using HFSS software.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the antenna reflection coefficient calculated using HFSS software.
  • Figure 5 is a ZX pattern drawn using HFSS software.
  • Figure 6 is a ZY pattern drawn using HFSS software.
  • the structure is: a balanced non-uniform circularly polarized antenna of the present invention is fabricated on a dielectric substrate 1 whose radiating element is composed of a top layer non-uniform rectangular ring radiating element 2 on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 1.
  • the bottom fork-shaped feed cells 3 on the lower surface of the feed unit dielectric substrate 1 are formed, and the bottom fork-shaped feed cells 3 in the upper left corner and the bottom fork-shaped feed cells 4 on the lower right corner are connected by respective main arms 8.
  • the bottom fork-shaped feed unit 3 in the upper left corner and the bottom fork-shaped feed unit 4 in the lower right corner are identical in structure and size, and both diagonal lines of the inner ring of the top-level non-uniform rectangular ring radiating element are formed. Anti-symmetric arrangement.
  • a non-uniform rectangular ring radiating element is adopted.
  • a boundary condition of an infinite large electric wall and an infinite magnetic wall in the two diagonal lines can be obtained, and the width ratio of the adjacent sides of the ring structure is adjusted.
  • the circular polarization condition is satisfied, and the circularly polarized radiation of the antenna is realized.
  • the feeding unit is set to a fork-shaped structure in the present invention.
  • the top layer of the non-uniform rectangular ring radiating element has a circumference of 0.9 to 1.1 wavelengths, and the width ratio of the two adjacent sides ranges from 2:1 to 6:1.
  • the dielectric substrate 1 has a relative dielectric constant of 2.65 and a thickness of 1 mm; the non-uniform rectangular ring radiating element has a circumference of one wavelength, and the adjacent sides 201 and 202 have a width ratio of 4:1.
  • the antenna is simulated using HFSS software.
  • the axial ratio characteristic diagram of FIG. 3 It can be seen from the axial ratio characteristic diagram of FIG. 3 that the axial ratio characteristic calculated by the HFSS software simulation is that the axial specific bandwidth is substantially within the impedance bandwidth, and the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna covers 2.33. GHz-2.47 GHz, the center frequency is 2.40 GHz, and the relative axial ratio bandwidth is about 5.8%. It can be seen from the reflection coefficient characteristic diagram of Fig. 4 that the impedance coefficient of the antenna is calculated by HFSS software, and the impedance bandwidth of the antenna covers 2.29GHz-3.12GHz, the center frequency is 2.705GHz, and the relative axial ratio bandwidth is about 30.6%.
  • FIG. 5 is a pattern of the ZX plane in the even mode, and the dotted line indicates the left circular polarization. Radiation, the solid line represents the right-handed circularly polarized radiation;
  • Figure 6 is the pattern of the ZY plane in the even mode, the dashed line indicates the left-hand circularly polarized radiation, and the solid line indicates the right-handed circularly polarized radiation. It can be seen from Fig. 5 that such an antenna can generate bidirectional circularly polarized waves in the +z and -z directions.
  • a balanced non-uniform circularly polarized antenna design method combines a non-uniform annular radiating module and a fork-shaped feeding unit to generate a bidirectionally inverted circularly polarized beam, and the combined antenna has good in the plane.
  • the circular polarization property is matched with the ideal boundary condition pattern of the ring structure by the dipole boundary condition to excite the circularly polarized radiation characteristic inherent in the far field region of the ring structure.
  • the antenna has a simple structure, a small volume, and a low profile size. It is easy to make and implement, and can be used to design reader antennas in the field of reader antenna anti-counterfeiting technology for various radio frequency identification applications in the Internet of Things.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种平衡式非均匀圆极化环天线，属于物联网与微波技术领域。该天线由非均匀矩形环辐射单元和叉形馈电单元组成，非均匀矩形环在偶模模式激励下，通过偶极子边界条件与环边界条件的模式匹配，激发双向圆极化辐射特性。本发明具有结构简单，体积小，制作成本低廉等优点，可实现优异的圆极化辐射特性，有望用于实现高性能射频识别读写天线。

Description

一种平衡式非均匀圆极化环天线 技术领域
本发明涉及一种平衡式非均匀圆极化环天线，属于物联网与微波技术领域。
背景技术
当天线的电场矢量取向随时间面变化，其矢量端点在垂直于传播方向的平面内描绘的是一个圆，称为圆极化天线。圆极化天线在无线电领域中有重要作用，特别是在航天飞行器中，由于飞行器位置姿态的固定，它们的通讯测控设备都要求共性的、重量轻、体积小而且成本低的圆极化天线。
物联网技术已成为当前世界科技发展的战略制高点技术之一，而射频识别技术作为物联网的核心技术，对物联网的应用起到至关重要的作用。射频识别即RFID(Radio Frequency Identification)技术，是一种通信网应用技术，可通过无线电讯号识别特定目标并读写相关数据，而无需识别系统与特定目标之间建立机械或光学接触。RFID芯片可以是只读的，也可是读/写方式，依据应用需求决定。被动式标记设备采用E2PROM(电擦写可编程只读存储器)，便于运用特定电子处理设备往上面写数据。Auto-ID规范中还包含有死锁命令，以在适当情形下阻止跟踪进程。
RFID射频识别是一种非接触式的自动识别技术，它通过射频信号自动识别目标对象并获取相关数据，识别工作无须人工干预，可工作于各种恶劣环境。RFID技术可识别高速运动物体并可同时识别多个标签，操作快捷方便。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种平衡式非均匀圆极化环天线，通过改变环形结构相邻两边的宽度比，调节满足圆极化的相位条件，实现天线的圆极化辐射。本发明设计的天线，其波束为双向圆极化特性，且垂直于于天线所在的平面，具有结构简单，剖面尺寸低，体积小等特点，有利于平面化设计和小型应用。
本发明为解决上述技术问题采用以下技术方案：
本发明提供一种平衡式非均匀圆极化环天线，包括介质基板以及设置在介质基板上表面的顶层非均匀矩形环辐射单元、设置在介质基板下表面的第一和第二底层叉形馈电单元；其中，第一底层叉形馈电单元的主臂与第二底层叉形馈电单元的主臂连接；第一和第二底层叉形馈电单元的结构与尺寸相同，且第一和第二底层叉形馈电单元关于顶层非均匀矩形环辐射单元内环的两条对角线均成反对称排布。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，所述顶层非均匀矩形环辐射单元的周长为0.9到1.1个波长。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，所述顶层非均匀矩形环辐射单元的两个相邻边的宽度比的范围为2:1到6:1。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，所述介质基板的介电常数为2.65。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，所述介质基板的厚度为1毫米。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，所述顶层非均匀矩形环辐射单元的内环为正方形。
本发明采用以上技术方案与现有技术相比，具有以下技术效果：本发明一种平衡式非均匀圆极化环天线，使用顶层非均匀矩形环辐射单元和底层叉形馈电单元，实现远场区辐射定向圆极化波，并且制作工艺简单，成本低廉。
附图说明
图1是天线的主视图与参考坐标示意图。
图2是天线的三维立体示意图与参考坐标示意图。
图3是采用HFSS软件计算的天线轴比示意图。
图4是采用HFSS软件计算的天线反射系数示意图。
图5是采用HFSS软件画出的ZX方向图。
图6是采用HFSS软件画出的ZY方向图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细说明：
对照附图1、图2，其结构是：本发明一种平衡式非均匀圆极化天线制作在介质基板1上，其辐射单元由介质基板1上表面的顶层非均匀矩形环辐射单元2构成，其馈电单元介质基板1下表面的两个底层叉形馈电单元构成，左上角的底层叉形馈电单元3与右下角的底层叉形馈电单元4通过各自的主臂8相连。其中，左上角的底层叉形馈电单元3与右下角的底层叉形馈电单元4结构、尺寸完全相同，且两者关于顶层非均匀矩形环辐射单元内环的两条对角线均成反对称排布。
本发明中采用非均匀矩形环辐射单元，通过理论分析，可以得到环形结构在两条对角线存在无限大电壁和无限大磁壁的边界条件，通过改变环形结构相邻两边的宽度比，调节满足圆极化的相位条件，实现天线的圆极化辐射。在满足模式匹配的条件下，为了实现辐射定向圆极化波，本发明中把馈电单元设置成叉形结构。
本发明中，底层叉形馈电单元的两个侧臂5、7与主侧臂连接段6之间呈(0-180°) 角；顶层非均匀矩形环辐射单元的周长为0.9到1.1个波长，其两个相邻边的宽度比的范围为2:1到6:1。
下面通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步阐述：
本实施例中，介质基板1的相对介电常数为2.65，厚度为1毫米；非均匀矩形环辐射单元的周长为1个波长，其相邻边201和202宽度比的范围为4:1，采用HFSS软件对天线进行仿真计算。
对照附图3、图4：由图3的轴比特性图可知，利用HFSS软件仿真计算得到的轴比特性，轴比带宽基本在阻抗带宽的范围之内，天线的3dB轴比带宽覆盖了2.33GHz-2.47GHz,中心频率在2.40GHz,相对轴比带宽约为5.8％。由图4的反射系数特性图可见，利用HFSS软件仿真计算得到的反射系数特性，天线的阻抗带宽覆盖了2.29GHz-3.12GHz,中心频率在2.705GHz,相对轴比带宽约为30.6％。
通过HFSS软件仿真本发明中的非均匀圆极化天线基本模型，辐射方向图如图5和图6所示，其中图5是在偶模模式下ZX面的方向图，虚线表示左旋圆极化辐射，实线表示右旋圆极化辐射；图6是在偶模模式下ZY面的方向图，虚线表示左旋圆极化辐射，实线表示右旋圆极化辐射。由图5可以得出，这类天线可在+z和-z方向产生双向的圆极化波。
综上所述，一种平衡式非均匀圆极化天线的设计方法，由非均匀环形辐射模块与叉形馈电单元组合产生双向反旋的圆极化波束，该组合天线在该平面具有良好的圆极化性能，通过偶极子边界条件与环形结构的理想边界条件模式匹配，激发出环形结构在远场区固有的圆极化辐射特性，本天线结构简单、体积小、剖面尺寸低且便于制作实现，可用于设计物联网中各种射频识别应用的读写器天线防伪技术领域中的阅读器天线。
以上所述，仅为本发明中的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉该技术的人在本发明所揭露的技术范围内，可理解想到的变换或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的包含范围之内，因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种平衡式非均匀圆极化环天线，其特征在于，包括介质基板以及设置在介质基板上表面的顶层非均匀矩形环辐射单元、设置在介质基板下表面的第一和第二底层叉形馈电单元；其中，第一底层叉形馈电单元的主臂与第二底层叉形馈电单元的主臂连接；第一和第二底层叉形馈电单元的结构与尺寸相同，且第一和第二底层叉形馈电单元关于顶层非均匀矩形环辐射单元内环的两条对角线均成反对称排布。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种平衡式非均匀圆极化环天线，其特征在于，所述顶层非均匀矩形环辐射单元的周长为0.9到1.1个波长。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种平衡式非均匀圆极化环天线，其特征在于，所述顶层非均匀矩形环辐射单元的两个相邻边的宽度比的范围为2:1到6:1。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种平衡式非均匀圆极化环天线，其特征在于，所述介质基板的介电常数为2.65。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种平衡式非均匀圆极化环天线，其特征在于，所述介质基板的厚度为1毫米。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种平衡式非均匀圆极化环天线，其特征在于，所述顶层非均匀矩形环辐射单元的内环为正方形。
PCT/CN2017/080467 2017-03-20 2017-04-13 一种平衡式非均匀圆极化环天线 WO2018170968A1 (zh)

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