WO2018166555A1 - Procédé et dispositif de fabrication additive filaire - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de fabrication additive filaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018166555A1
WO2018166555A1 PCT/DE2018/100144 DE2018100144W WO2018166555A1 WO 2018166555 A1 WO2018166555 A1 WO 2018166555A1 DE 2018100144 W DE2018100144 W DE 2018100144W WO 2018166555 A1 WO2018166555 A1 WO 2018166555A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wire
individual wires
individual
shaped body
energy beam
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2018/100144
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Igor Haschke
Original Assignee
Scansonic Holding Se
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Scansonic Holding Se filed Critical Scansonic Holding Se
Publication of WO2018166555A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018166555A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B23K26/342—Build-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/083—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction
    • B23K26/0853—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least in two axial directions, e.g. in a plane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
    • B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/12—Automatic feeding or moving of electrodes or work for spot or seam welding or cutting
    • B23K9/133—Means for feeding electrodes, e.g. drums, rolls, motors
    • B23K9/1336—Driving means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for the additive production of a molded body made up of individual shaped body layers by melting and depositing wire-shaped materials by means of an energy beam, preferably a laser or electron beam.
  • the additive production of moldings by means of such wired methods is carried out in a known manner in a plurality of molded body layers on a printing platform or on the already finished molded body layers.
  • the wire-shaped material is conveyed by means of a wire feeding device known from welding technology into the region of the welding zone at the spot of the energy beam on the shaped body surface, the wire material changing into the molten state as a result of the energy input at the wire tip. After contact of the molten material with the body surface, the surface forms in the region of
  • Welding zone from the weld metal which is part of the molding after its solidification. Due to the relative movement of the molded body relative to the device for additive manufacturing, the individual molded body layers are formed from the weld metal.
  • the known wired additive manufacturing methods have the disadvantage that the deposition rate and consequently the speed of the molding structure are limited by the wire diameter itself.
  • the order rate can indeed be significantly increased in the additive manufacturing, but in view of the required dimensional accuracy in near-net shape 3D printing tapes have proved disadvantageous because the shape of the band with its fixed geometry to the continuously changing geometry is not possible in the additive construction of moldings. In addition, it can lead to tilting of the supplied tape in the construction of juxtaposed molded body layers.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method and a device for wired additive production of moldings, which enable a process-stable, near-net shape molding production with high build-up rate.
  • a wire bundle of a plurality of individual wires arranged parallel to one another preferably combing or brushing is conveyed by means of a wire feed device into the region of a welding zone, wherein the wire feed for Each individual wire in the wire package is individually controllable.
  • the individual wires can be fed into the welding zone at different wire feed speeds.
  • the Wire feed speed of the individual wires can be stopped completely if necessary; also a negative wire feed speed, ie the "retraction" of the individual wires, is feasible.Thus individually controllable wire feed is understood as the stopping and retraction of the individual wires.
  • the individual wires arranged substantially parallel next to one another in the wire bundle can have an angle deviation of the individual wires from one another of up to 10 °; Preferably, the individual wires are aligned completely parallel to each other.
  • the wire feed speed is set according to the invention so that each of the individual wires is pressed continuously under mechanical bias to the molding surface.
  • the individual wires can have a circular or polygonal cross section depending on the application.
  • the energy input for melting the individual wires and the shape body surface is carried out according to the invention by means of an energy beam, preferably a laser or electron beam, in the welding zone at the spot, d. H. at the impact surface, the energy beam on the body surface.
  • the molten weld metal is formed by mixing with the molten molding material on the molding surface, which then solidifies to form a new molding body layer.
  • the device for wired additive manufacturing has a beam generator for generating the energy beam and the wire feeder with a plurality of individual wire conveyors.
  • each individual wire in the wire package is assigned a single-wire conveyor for individual control of the wire feed of the respective individual wire and for mechanical pretensioning of the individual wires on the shaped-body surface.
  • the production of the moldings takes place in a known manner on a printing platform on which the molded body is constructed, wherein it can be provided that the printing platform is moved after completion of each of a shaped body layer to the height of this shaped body layer in the vertical direction downwards. It can also be provided that the wire feeding device is tracked in height according to the layerwise growth of the shaped body while the printing platform is stationary.
  • the mold body is moved relative to the wire feed device in the plane of the molding surface during the additive manufacturing, for example, by the printing platform with the body mounted thereon translational or rotationally displaced at a constant height with respect to the wire feeder.
  • the wire feed device can be moved together with the jet generator relative to the fixed molded body.
  • the wire-shaped additive molding production is made possible with high build-up rate:
  • the shaped body layers of walls of the molding can be made in a transition with a corresponding width of the wire package - in contrast to the production with a single wire, which often requires material in multiple lanes To deposit material to fill the same area.
  • the structure of moldings is therefore significantly faster and more economically feasible than comparable single wire method and
  • the individual control of the individual wires in the wire package ensures a stable manufacturing process. Tilting - as with strip welding processes - is avoided due to the flexibility of the wire package.
  • the single-wire control also allows quick change in changing contours of the geometry of the molding.
  • the width of the built-up shaped body layer can be adjusted by the disconnection and connection of the individual wires of the nominal contour of the shaped body; with curved component geometry, for example with bent moldings Perworkn, the individual wires in the outer radius range are promoted with higher wire feed speed in the weld zone than in the inner radius range.
  • each individual wire bends slightly elastically over the free length of individual wire between the wire feed device and the shaped body surface, and in each case forms a spring element in this area. Due to the individually adjustable wire feed of the individual wires, the pressure force of each spring element or its preload can be controlled wire-specifically.
  • the particular advantage here is that the prestressed individual wires always rest against the shape of the body surface; Complex height measurements of the current shape body geometry, for example, to position the individual wire exactly in relation to the molding surface are avoided.
  • each individual wire has a free length of between 5 mm and 30 mm from the exit from the wire feed device to the shape body surface. By adjusting this free wire length ensures that each biased single wire has a sufficiently large elastic deflection to act as a spring element, while his
  • Deflection is sufficiently small to prevent lateral deflection of the individual wires in the wire package.
  • the individual wires are conveyed in the direction of the shaped body such that each of the individual wires touches the shape of the body surface at an angle of less than 70 °. A jamming of the individual wires by a steep hiring is prevented.
  • the individual wires arranged in a line substantially parallel in the wire pack can be aligned continuously perpendicular to the variable relative direction of movement of the shaped body, ie, the wire pack is preferably always oriented transversely to the relative movement of the shaped body during additive molding. This allows the deposition of the melted wire material in full width of the wire package. A mutual overlap of the individual wires is avoided.
  • the device is rotatably mounted about an axis parallel to the individual wires. In normal, intended use this axis of rotation corresponds to the height axis of the device, ie the device is rotatable about the normal to the plane of the molding surface.
  • the rotatory bearing is part of a multi-axis motion system, for example.
  • the wire feeder with comparable means - decoupled from the steel generator - be rotatably mounted about an axis parallel to the individual wires arranged axis.
  • This embodiment of the device makes it possible to align the individual wires, which are arranged in the wire package within a line substantially parallel to each other, obliquely to the relative direction of movement of the shaped body, wherein the orientation of the single wire line to the relative direction of movement is preferably changed in an angular range of 45 ° to 135 °.
  • the wire bundle width effective transversely to the direction of relative movement i. H. the projection width of the wire bundle in the direction of relative movement, are changed, so that stepless changes in wall thickness in the production of moldings can be realized.
  • the device comprises a scanner optics, which makes it possible to deflect the energy beam in a predetermined manner and to selectively position the spot of the energy beam on the molding surface.
  • scanner optics are, for example, laser scanners with movable mirrors.
  • the spot of the energy beam can, for example by sweeping back and forth sweep the wire package transverse to the relative movement and melt the individual wires punctually; there are spatially limited welding zones.
  • An alternative - with less technical equipment - represents the application of a beam generator, which generates an energy beam with linear, over the entire width of the wire package reaching spot.
  • the spot line width by varying the spot line width, the energy input or the size of the weld zone can be changed.
  • the beam generator can also be designed such that a plurality of energy beams can be generated, which impinge on the wire package in separate individual spots. This in turn allows the individual wires to melt at certain points.
  • the melting rate of the individual wires is also - in a known manner - controlled by position- and time-dependent change in the energy beam power.
  • the method with a pendulum energy beam can be performed so that the position-specific varying speed of the spot of the energy beam is compensated during the pendulum motion on the form body surface by adjusting the energy beam power.
  • the optimal amount of energy in the welding zone is affected, depending on the position, so that uneven speeds of the spotlight due to pendulum or construction strategy are compensated.
  • the power of the energy beam at the positions at which the wire bundle conveyed through the welding zone is melted can be controlled so that the path energy remains constant when sweeping the energy beam.
  • each individual wire is pre-bent by means of the wire feed device.
  • the wire feed device has one or more wire bending units by means of which the individual wires are curved in the direction of the shaped body surface.
  • Vorrümmen means of wire bending units, the contact pressure or bias of the spring element formed by each wire element between the wire feeder and form body surface can be adjusted precisely.
  • the position of the wire tip can be detected as well as the wire bending radius by means of an optical sensor device; the wire feed speed is adjustable on the basis of these monitoring parameters.
  • An optical sensor may, for example, be arranged coaxially around the energy beam.
  • optical sensor devices is also the shaped body geometry, d. H. the height and shape of the individually constructed shaped body layers, measurable in situ during the molding process - for example in the light-section method.
  • the geometric data of the thus determined actual geometry of the shaped body can be compared with default data and enable on this basis an adaptive process control.
  • the optical sensor device can be designed for detecting the heat radiation from the region of the weld zone, with the aid of which wire temperatures as well as surface temperatures of the molded article in the melt zone or adjacent to the melt zone are determined for the purpose of process monitoring or control.
  • the time-dependent temperature changes for example cooling rates, are also suitable for process control and regulation.
  • only specific individual wires are melted by the energy beam. It is possible to convey the individual wires arranged at the edge of the wire bundle unmelted through the welding zone and to use them as supports for the molten weld metal.
  • the wire feed speed is chosen so high that the individual wires remain in the solid state when passing through the weld zone.
  • the unmelted individual wires can furthermore be led away from the component again after contact of the shaped body in the region of the welding zone, for example in a cooling device or in an oscillating device. By targeted cooling or vibration excitation of the individual wires can be prevented that the individual wires enter into a cohesive connection with the weld metal or adhere to the existing molding.
  • individual wires of non-fusible materials such as ceramic wires, can be used.
  • the measures described for the edge wires of the wire package for supporting the molten metal in the welding zone can also be used for individual wires are used within the wire package. Thus, it is possible to add mold body walls with internal channels additively.
  • the printing platform can be heated to reduce distortion, to save on laser power or to clamp welding elements.
  • the heating is preferably carried out adjustable; Wire temperature, weld temperature, cooling rate, mold surface temperature are suitable process parameters for controlling the heating of the printing platform.
  • the use of the heated printing platform is conducive to the prevention of cracking and distortion and to the formation of a homogenous material structure.
  • Fig. 1 the device for additive manufacturing in perspective view
  • Fig. 2 the device with a scanner optics in longitudinal section.
  • the individual wires 4 of the wire packet which are arranged parallel next to one another in a line, are - according to FIG. 1 - conveyed by means of the wire feed device 3 to the shaped body surface 7 of the shaped body 5.
  • the energy beam 2 generated by means of the beam generator 1 oscillates transversely to the relative movement 19 of the shaped body 5 back and forth (see double arrow).
  • the welding zone forms, in which the individual wires 4 are melted off.
  • the beam generator 1 is a laser beam generator whose energy beam 2, ie the laser beam, is directed to the molding surface 7 via the scanner optics 10 with the collimation unit 14, the passive deflection unit 12, the focusing unit 13 and the active deflection unit 11.
  • the wire feed device 3 has the wire bending units 9 (only one of the wire bending units 9 is shown in FIG. 2), wherein a separate wire bending unit 9 is provided for each individual wire 4, by means of which each individual wire 4 is individually conveyed and bent simultaneously.
  • the wire feed device 3 is resiliently fastened to the suspension 8. After the melting of the individual wires 4 in the welding zone and the deposition of the molten metal to be welded, the shaped body layer 6 of the shaped body 5 is again formed.
  • the measuring radiation 17, ie light or thermal radiation, is detected by means of the sensor device 18 next to the scanner optics 10 and / or by the camera 16 within the scanner optics 10.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif de fabrication additive filaire de corps moulés (5) constitués de couches. La structure additive du corps moulé (5) est obtenue au moyen de plusieurs fils individuels (4) juxtaposés sensiblement parallèlement, qui forment un paquet de fils, qui sont transportés avec une avance respectivement individuelle dans la région d'une zone de soudage et qui sont pressés sans interruption sur la surface (7) du corps moulé sous l'effet d'une précontrainte mécanique. La couche (6) respective du corps moulé est formée dans la zone de soudage par fusion et dépôt des matériaux de fil. Le procédé et le dispositif permettant la mise en œuvre du procédé garantissent une stabilité élevée du processus de fabrication additive filaire de corps moulés, et en même temps une rentabilité élevée.
PCT/DE2018/100144 2017-03-14 2018-02-19 Procédé et dispositif de fabrication additive filaire WO2018166555A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017105325.5 2017-03-14
DE102017105325 2017-03-14
DE102017126354.3A DE102017126354A1 (de) 2017-03-14 2017-11-10 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur drahtgebundenen additiven Fertigung
DE102017126354.3 2017-11-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018166555A1 true WO2018166555A1 (fr) 2018-09-20

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE2018/100144 WO2018166555A1 (fr) 2017-03-14 2018-02-19 Procédé et dispositif de fabrication additive filaire

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DE (2) DE102017112849A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018166555A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110653461A (zh) * 2019-09-09 2020-01-07 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 一种变密度Ti/TiAl梯度材料的快速近净成形方法
FR3101559A1 (fr) * 2019-10-07 2021-04-09 Safran Aircraft Engines Système de dépôt laser de métal

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019103350B3 (de) * 2018-11-28 2020-02-13 Sklt Strahlkraft Lasertechnik Gmbh Drahtzuführvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Drahtzuführung in eine Prozesszone
DE102019210365A1 (de) * 2019-07-12 2021-01-14 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufbringen einer Beschichtung mittels Laserauftragsschweißen
DE102019129379A1 (de) * 2019-08-21 2021-02-25 Sklt Strahlkraft Lasertechnik Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum thermischen Fügen mittels Energiestrahls
CN111299837A (zh) * 2019-11-27 2020-06-19 北京工业大学 一种基于丝材热导焊的高效激光增材制造方法
CN112959014A (zh) * 2021-03-22 2021-06-15 西安理工大学 一种铜/钢复合轴套的制备方法

Citations (6)

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US2778099A (en) * 1952-05-15 1957-01-22 Air Reduction Method of welding and apparatus therefor
EP2218534A1 (fr) * 2009-02-16 2010-08-18 VOLLMER WERKE Maschinenfabrik GmbH Dispositif de traitement de dents de scie d'une lame de scie
DE102010010148A1 (de) 2010-03-04 2010-10-14 Daimler Ag Verfahren zum Beschichten von Lagerwerkstoffen
US20130213942A1 (en) 2009-01-13 2013-08-22 Lincoln Global, Inc. Method and system for laser welding and cladding with multiple consumables
DE102016003468A1 (de) 2015-03-23 2016-09-29 Lincoln Global, Inc. Verfahren und System zur additiven Herstellung unter Verwendung einer Hochenergiequelle und eines Warmdrahtes
DE102016003465A1 (de) * 2015-03-23 2016-09-29 Lincoln Global, Inc. Verfahren und System zur additiven Herstellung unter Verwendung einer Hochenergiequelle und eines Warmdrahtes

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2778099A (en) * 1952-05-15 1957-01-22 Air Reduction Method of welding and apparatus therefor
US20130213942A1 (en) 2009-01-13 2013-08-22 Lincoln Global, Inc. Method and system for laser welding and cladding with multiple consumables
EP2218534A1 (fr) * 2009-02-16 2010-08-18 VOLLMER WERKE Maschinenfabrik GmbH Dispositif de traitement de dents de scie d'une lame de scie
DE102010010148A1 (de) 2010-03-04 2010-10-14 Daimler Ag Verfahren zum Beschichten von Lagerwerkstoffen
DE102016003468A1 (de) 2015-03-23 2016-09-29 Lincoln Global, Inc. Verfahren und System zur additiven Herstellung unter Verwendung einer Hochenergiequelle und eines Warmdrahtes
DE102016003465A1 (de) * 2015-03-23 2016-09-29 Lincoln Global, Inc. Verfahren und System zur additiven Herstellung unter Verwendung einer Hochenergiequelle und eines Warmdrahtes

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110653461A (zh) * 2019-09-09 2020-01-07 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 一种变密度Ti/TiAl梯度材料的快速近净成形方法
FR3101559A1 (fr) * 2019-10-07 2021-04-09 Safran Aircraft Engines Système de dépôt laser de métal

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102017126354A1 (de) 2018-09-20
DE102017112849A1 (de) 2018-09-20

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