WO2018163716A1 - Antiinflammatory agent, medicinal composition against inflammation, and food composition against inflammation - Google Patents

Antiinflammatory agent, medicinal composition against inflammation, and food composition against inflammation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018163716A1
WO2018163716A1 PCT/JP2018/004727 JP2018004727W WO2018163716A1 WO 2018163716 A1 WO2018163716 A1 WO 2018163716A1 JP 2018004727 W JP2018004727 W JP 2018004727W WO 2018163716 A1 WO2018163716 A1 WO 2018163716A1
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inflammation
protein catabolism
inflammatory agent
present
inflammatory
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PCT/JP2018/004727
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
恵樹 郡山
宏冶 鈴木
恵一 平本
森田　明広
野坂　直久
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日清オイリオグループ株式会社
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Priority to JP2018543736A priority Critical patent/JP6470879B1/en
Priority to CN201880011488.4A priority patent/CN110290785A/en
Publication of WO2018163716A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018163716A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/115—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof; Fats or oils
    • A23L33/12—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
    • A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
    • A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
    • A61K31/23—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin of acids having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an anti-inflammatory agent, an anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical composition, and an anti-inflammatory food composition.
  • Protein is a major component of muscles and organs in the body. In vivo, the cycle of assimilation (synthesis) and catabolism (decomposition) of proteins is repeated, and in normal times, the balance between assimilation and catabolism is maintained.
  • protein catabolism occurs, and the above assimilation and catabolism occur.
  • the balance with is inclined to catabolism.
  • the surplus protein source generated by the increased protein catabolism is converted into carbohydrates in the liver, and the carbohydrates excessively converted due to malnutrition or metabolic abnormalities can cause cell damage and organ damage.
  • Such cell damage and organ damage promote the production of inflammatory cytokines of immune system cells via hyperglycemia due to a decrease in carbohydrate metabolism.
  • a situation in which the nutritional state is poor or an increase in protein catabolism at the time of invasion further causes inflammation in the body and further lowers the biological defense function.
  • Patent Documents 1 and 2 Various anti-inflammatory agents for suppressing inflammation induced in the body are known (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
  • anti-inflammatory agents may have problems such as side effects and may not be suitable for continuous administration.
  • anti-inflammatory agents that can suppress inflammation during increased protein catabolism for example, inflammation during increased protein catabolism due to undernutrition, inflammation during increased protein catabolism due to invasion have not been sufficiently studied.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an anti-inflammatory agent with less side effects even when continuously administered.
  • the present inventors have found that medium-chain fatty acids have an unexpected anti-inflammatory action, and can effectively suppress inflammation particularly during protein catabolism, and have completed the present invention. Specifically, the present invention provides the following.
  • Anti-inflammatory agent containing medium chain fatty acid as an active ingredient.
  • the anti-inflammatory agent according to (1) which contains a medium chain fatty acid triglyceride as the medium chain fatty acid.
  • inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism is inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism by undernutrition and / or inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism by invasion.
  • the anti-inflammatory agent according to any one of (1) to (4) for preventing or treating inflammation in the brain.
  • An anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical composition comprising the anti-inflammatory agent according to any one of (1) to (5).
  • An anti-inflammatory food composition comprising the anti-inflammatory agent according to any one of (1) to (5).
  • inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism is inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism due to undernutrition and / or inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism due to invasion.
  • an anti-inflammatory agent with less side effects even when continuously administered.
  • the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention contains a medium chain fatty acid as an active ingredient.
  • medium chain fatty acid is also referred to as “MCFA”.
  • Constant chain fatty acid as an active ingredient means that at least medium chain fatty acid is contained as a physiologically active substance contained in the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention.
  • Increased protein catabolism promotes the production of inflammatory cytokines by cells and organs as well as immune system cells.
  • inflammatory cytokines by cells and organs as well as immune system cells.
  • neuropathy depression, schizophrenia, etc.
  • diseases associated with neurodegeneration Parkinson disease, etc.
  • suppressing inflammation in the brain leads to maintaining cognitive functions such as judgment and the like, thus preventing a need for nursing care and lowering of daily living activities.
  • the present inventors have not only normal inflammation (for example, inflammation that does not involve nutritional status or invasion), but also inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism, and further, inflammation and / or invasion at the time of increased protein catabolism due to undernutrition.
  • anti-inflammatory agents containing medium-chain fatty acids as active ingredients can effectively suppress inflammation, particularly inflammation during protein catabolism, and further, inflammation during protein catabolism due to undernutrition. It was also found that the protein catabolism increase due to invasion can be effectively suppressed.
  • Medium chain fatty acids are components that are widely blended in foods and the like, and have high safety. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention has low side effects even if it is continuously administered.
  • “continuous administration” means that the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention is continuously or intermittently administered to a subject over a predetermined period.
  • an embodiment in which the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention is administered once to a subject is not excluded.
  • MCFA Medium chain fatty acid
  • MCFA is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and is an oil / fat component contained in ordinary foods (for example, edible oils and fats and dairy products).
  • MCFA is preferably a straight-chain saturated fatty acid having 8 to 12 carbon atoms, and a straight-chain saturated fatty acid having 8 and / or 10 carbon atoms from the viewpoint that a safer anti-inflammatory agent can be easily obtained. Is more preferable.
  • Specific MCFAs include caproic acid (n-hexanoic acid), caprylic acid (n-octanoic acid), capric acid (n-decanoic acid), and lauric acid.
  • MCFA can be obtained, for example, by hydrolyzing palm kernel oil or palm oil and then refining it. Moreover, a commercial item and a reagent can also be used as MCFA.
  • the form of MCFA contained in the anti-inflammatory agent is not particularly limited, and may be a medium chain fatty acid itself, and a fatty acid precursor (for example, a salt, ester (acyl described later) that is converted into a medium chain fatty acid in vivo. Glycerol))) or a mixture thereof.
  • a fatty acid precursor for example, a salt, ester (acyl described later) that is converted into a medium chain fatty acid in vivo. Glycerol)
  • MCFA is usually taken into the body in the form of a fatty acid precursor, more specifically, acylglycerol in which MCFA and glycerin are ester-bonded. It is known that ingested acylglycerol is decomposed and absorbed in the digestive tract and releases MCFA, and is energized in the liver. From the viewpoint of higher safety and the like, the form of MCFA contained in the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention is preferably acylglycerol.
  • Acylglycerol has a structure in which fatty acid and glycerin are ester-bonded, and exists in one of three forms (monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, and triacylglycerol) depending on the number of fatty acids that bind to glycerin. To do.
  • the acylglycerol in the present invention may be in any of the above three forms, but at least one of the constituent fatty acids is MCFA.
  • the acylglycerol in the present invention is preferably triacylglycerol from the viewpoint of being close to a normal food form.
  • the fatty acids constituting diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol may be the same or different.
  • acylglycerol composed of different types of fatty acids
  • the binding position of each fatty acid to glycerin is not particularly limited.
  • fatty acids other than MCFA for example, long-chain fatty acids having 14 to 22 carbon atoms
  • the lower limit of the proportion of MCFA is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 40% by mass or more, and more preferably 80% by mass or more.
  • the upper limit is preferably 100% by mass or less. If it is the said range, the anti-inflammatory action by MCFA can be exhibited more effectively.
  • the acyl glycerol which contains MCFA as a constituent fatty acid is mix
  • the method for producing acylglycerol is not particularly limited.
  • it can be obtained by esterifying palm kernel oil or MCFA derived from palm oil and glycerin.
  • esterification reaction include a method of reacting in a non-catalytic and solvent-free manner under pressure, a method of reacting using a synthetic catalyst such as sodium methoxide, a method of reacting using lipase as a catalyst, and the like. .
  • the acylglycerol in the present invention contains MCFA and a long chain fatty acid (for example, a linear long chain fatty acid having 14 to 22 carbon atoms) as a constituent fatty acid.
  • Triglycerides to be used that is, medium and long chain fatty acid triglycerides are preferred.
  • the acylglycerol in the present invention is particularly preferably a triglyceride in which all of the constituent fatty acids are MCFA, that is, a medium-chain fatty acid triglyceride.
  • MLCT intermediate chain fatty acid triglyceride
  • MCT medium chain fatty acid triglyceride
  • the form of MCFA contained in the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention preferably contains MLCT and / or MCT, and more preferably contains only MCT.
  • the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention is particularly preferably composed of MCT.
  • the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention may be composed of MCFA (MCFA itself, MCFA fatty acid precursor (MLCT, MCT, etc.), or a mixture thereof), but contains components other than MCFA together with MCFA. May be.
  • the lower limit of the amount of MCFA (MCFA itself, MCFA fatty acid precursor (MLCT, MCT, etc.), or a mixture thereof) included in the anti-inflammatory agent
  • the value is preferably 33% by mass or more, more preferably 50% by mass or more with respect to the anti-inflammatory agent.
  • the upper limit is preferably 99% by mass or less, more preferably 90% by mass or less. If it is the said range, the anti-inflammatory action by MCFA can be exhibited more effectively.
  • Components other than MCFA contained in the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention are not particularly limited as long as they do not inhibit the action of MCFA.
  • examples of such components include active ingredients (tranexamic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, etc.) known to have an anti-inflammatory action, antioxidants, and emulsifiers.
  • active ingredients tranexamic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, etc.
  • antioxidants antioxidants
  • emulsifiers emulsifiers.
  • the types and blending amounts of these components can be appropriately set according to the effect to be obtained.
  • the content of MCFA contained in the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention can be specified by gas chromatography.
  • the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention can be used for prevention or treatment of inflammation, particularly inflammation during protein catabolism (for example, protein catabolism that occurs during malnutrition or eating disorders, or protein catabolism due to invasion).
  • prevention means, for example, suppression or delay of the onset of inflammation
  • treatment refers to, for example, delaying the progression of inflammation, and alleviating, reducing, improving, and curing symptoms. means.
  • inflammation refers to various reaction mechanisms caused by various stimuli, damage, infection, and the like. Whether inflammation is induced can be identified using a known inflammation marker. Examples of the inflammatory marker include IL-1 ⁇ , iNOS, TNF- ⁇ , INF- ⁇ , cox-2, and NF- ⁇ B.
  • the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention is particularly effective against inflammation during protein catabolism due to undernutrition and / or inflammation during protein catabolism due to invasion.
  • enhanced protein catabolism refers to a state in which the balance between assimilation and catabolism of proteins in a living body is inclined to catabolism.
  • “enhanced protein catabolism due to undernutrition” means that the amount of energy intake is insufficient as in undernutrition or eating disorders, and protein degradation is enhanced to produce carbohydrates in the body. Refers to the state.
  • intensification of protein catabolism by invasion means that metabolic changes such as repair of damaged tissues occur due to surgery, trauma, burns, infection with pathogenic microorganisms, malignant tumors, etc., and protein degradation is accelerated. Refers to the state.
  • inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism and “inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism by undernutrition and / or inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism by invasion” are proteins caused by the various factors described above. When catabolism is increased, it refers to various reaction mechanisms caused by various stimuli, injuries, infections, etc., and produces signs such as redness, heat, swelling, and pain.
  • the inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism due to undernutrition and the inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism due to invasion refers to the inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism due to undernutrition and the inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism due to invasion. Refers to the state in which both occur.
  • Whether or not increased protein catabolism occurs in vivo can be identified using a blood marker.
  • blood markers include C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin (ALB), ⁇ 1-antitrypsin ( ⁇ 1-AT), haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), sialic acid (SA), Examples include transthyretin (TTR).
  • reference value refers to the range of normal values of each marker.
  • CRP increases during protein catabolism.
  • a typical reference value for CRP is about 0.2 to 0.5 mg / dL.
  • the CRP value increases to mild (0.5 to 2.0 mg / dL), moderate (2.0 to 10 mg / dL), and high (10 to mg / dL), the inflammatory state associated with infections, etc. Becomes prominent.
  • ALB decreases.
  • the decrease in ALB is due to the suppression of protein synthesis in the liver, inflammation caused by invasion or disease is suspected as one of the causes.
  • ⁇ 1-AT increases when protein catabolism increases.
  • the reference value of ⁇ 1-AT varies depending on gender and age. For example, in the case of 40 to 59 years old, it is 116 to 154 mg / dL for men and 123 to 161 mg / dL for women. When the value of ⁇ 1-AT is 200 mg / dL or more, it is suspected that protein catabolism has occurred.
  • Hp increases when protein catabolism increases. Although the reference value of Hp varies depending on the genotype (phenotype), it is 41 to 273 mg / dL for type 2-2, which is said to have the highest frequency of phenotype in Japan. When the value of Hp is 320 mg / dL or more, it is suspected that protein catabolism has occurred.
  • SAA increases during protein catabolism. As the SAA value increases to mild (10-50 ⁇ g / mL), moderate (50-300 ⁇ g / mL), and high (300 or more ⁇ g / mL), the inflammatory state becomes more prominent.
  • SA increases when protein catabolism increases.
  • the reference value for SA is 44 to 71 mg / dL. If SA increases, it is suspected that inflammation has occurred.
  • TTR decreases when protein catabolism increases. If the TTR value is 22 mg / dL or less, inflammation is suspected.
  • a living body is undernutrition
  • protein catabolism is enhanced due to undernutrition.
  • Whether a living body is undernourished can be specified using a blood marker.
  • blood markers include albumin (ALB), ⁇ 1-antitrypsin ( ⁇ 1-AT), cholinesterase (ChE), transferrin (Tf), transthyretin (TTR), urea nitrogen (BUN), cholesterol (Cho ) And the like.
  • reference value refers to the range of normal values of each marker.
  • a typical standard value for ALB is about 3.7 to 4.9 g / dL. As the ALB value decreases to mild (3.2 to 3.7 g / dL), moderate (2.5 to 3.2 g / dL), and high (to 2.5 g / dL), the nutritional status is poor. Suspected to be.
  • ⁇ 1-AT decreases during undernutrition.
  • the reference value for ⁇ 1-AT is 94 to 150 mg / dL. If the value of ⁇ 1-AT is 25 mg / dL or less, it is suspected that the nutritional state is poor.
  • ChE decreases during undernutrition.
  • the reference value for ChE is 242 to 495 U / L for men and 200 to 459 U / L for women.
  • Tf decreases at low nutrition.
  • the reference value for Tf is 190-300 mg / dL for men and 200-340 mg / dL for women.
  • TTR decreases during undernutrition.
  • the reference value for TTR is 22.0-40.0 mg / dL.
  • BUN is reduced during undernutrition.
  • the reference value for BUN is 8 to 20 mg / dL for men, but a low value of about 10 to 20% is the reference value for women.
  • the value of BUN is 8 mg / dL or less, it is suspected that the nutritional state is poor.
  • C Cho decreases during undernutrition.
  • the reference value for Cho is 150-220 mg / dL. If the value of Cho is 150 mg / dL or less, it is suspected that the nutritional state is poor.
  • the site to which the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention can be applied is not limited, and can be applied to any site in the body (brain, cardiovascular, liver, kidney, etc.).
  • the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention is particularly applicable to inflammation in the brain (hippocampus etc.). It is known that inflammation in the brain is accompanied by the production of neuropathy factors (inflammatory cytokines, active oxygen, nitric oxide, etc.) by the activation of microglia in the brain. Specific symptoms of inflammation in the brain include abnormal mitochondrial function in neurons, increased oxidative stress, and abnormal protein deposition. These symptoms affect the development of neurodegenerative diseases (such as Parkinson's disease). . Therefore, the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention can be effective against neurodegenerative diseases.
  • neuropathy factors inflammatory cytokines, active oxygen, nitric oxide, etc.
  • an inflammation marker for example, It can be suppressed by suppressing the expression (especially expression in the brain) of one or more selected from the group consisting of IL-1 ⁇ , TNF- ⁇ , and iNOS.
  • the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention can be applied for producing an anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical composition.
  • An anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical composition containing the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as “the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention”) is less likely to cause side effects and can be preferably used as a pharmaceutical suitable for continuous administration.
  • the form of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it can be prepared as either a pharmaceutical composition for oral administration or a pharmaceutical composition for parenteral administration. From the viewpoint of easy continuous consumption, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably a pharmaceutical composition for oral administration.
  • Examples of the form of the pharmaceutical composition for oral administration include preparations such as capsules, tablets, pills, powders, fine granules, granules, liquids, and syrups.
  • Examples of the form of a pharmaceutical composition for parenteral administration include preparations such as injections and infusions.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably a composition comprising the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention and pharmacologically and pharmaceutically acceptable additives.
  • pharmacologically and pharmaceutically acceptable additive a substance that is usually used as an excipient or the like in the pharmaceutical field and does not react with an active ingredient contained in the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention can be used.
  • the dosage of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be appropriately set according to the administration purpose (prevention or treatment), administration method, administration period, and other various conditions (eg, patient's symptoms, age, body weight).
  • the dosage of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably 0.02 g / kg body weight / day or more, more preferably 0.08 g / kg body weight / day, when the lower limit is converted into the amount of MCFA.
  • the upper limit is preferably set to 0.70 g / kg body weight / day or less, more preferably 0.45 g / kg body weight / day or less in terms of the amount of MCFA.
  • the dosage of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably 0.03 g / kg body weight / day or more, more preferably 0.09 g / kg body weight / day when the lower limit is converted into the amount of MCT.
  • About an upper limit it can convert into the quantity of MCT, Preferably it can set to below 1.00 g / kg body weight / day, More preferably, it is below 0.50 g / kg body weight / day.
  • the dosage of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably 0.026 g / kg body weight / day or more, more preferably 0.09 g / kg body weight when the lower limit is converted to the amount of MCFA.
  • / Can be set to more than a day.
  • the upper limit is preferably set to 0.72 g / kg body weight / day or less, more preferably 0.56 g / kg body weight / day or less in terms of the amount of MCFA.
  • the dosage of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably 0.029 g / kg body weight / day or more, more preferably 0.10 g / kg body weight when the lower limit is converted to the amount of MCT.
  • / Can be set to more than a day.
  • About an upper limit it can convert into the quantity of MCT, Preferably it is 0.80 g / kg body weight / day or less, More preferably, it can set to 0.60 g / kg body weight / day or less.
  • the above dose is preferably administered over several hours (eg, over 4 to 8 hours).
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is less likely to cause side effects and is less likely to cause interaction with general active ingredients, existing drugs (anti-inflammatory agents, anti-cancer agents, lifestyle-related diseases (high blood pressure, It may be used in combination with diabetes, dyslipidemia, etc.) and other therapeutic agents.
  • existing drugs anti-inflammatory agents, anti-cancer agents, lifestyle-related diseases (high blood pressure, It may be used in combination with diabetes, dyslipidemia, etc.
  • the existing drug combined with the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is an anti-inflammatory agent, the dose of the existing drug can be lowered, so that side effects of the existing drug can be reduced.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is suitable for continuous administration because there are few side effects.
  • the administration period is not particularly limited, and can be set to 3 to 10 days, for example. Administration may be performed every several hours during the above period or at intervals (eg, 1 to several days).
  • the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention can be applied for the production of an anti-inflammatory food composition.
  • MCFA which is an active ingredient of the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention, is not only less susceptible to side effects, but is less likely to impair the flavor and palatability of food. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory food composition containing the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as “the food composition of the present invention”) can be preferably used as a food that is easy to eat.
  • the form of the food composition of the present invention includes supplements, general foods, animal foods, and animal feeds.
  • the form of the supplement is not particularly limited, and may be either a solid preparation or a liquid preparation.
  • preparations such as tablets, coated tablets, capsules, granules, powders, powders, sustained-release preparations, suspensions, emulsions, internal liquids, dragees, pills, fine granules, syrups, elixirs, etc. Can be mentioned.
  • the form of the general food is not particularly limited.
  • bread / confectionery bread, cake, cookies, biscuits, donuts, muffins, scones, chocolate, snacks, whipped cream, ice cream, etc.
  • beverages fruit juices, nutrition Drinks, sports drinks, etc.
  • soups seasoned foods (dressing, sauce, mayonnaise, butter, margarine, prepared margarine, etc.), fat spread, shortening, bakery mix, fried oil, frying oil, fried food, processed meat products.
  • Examples include frozen foods, fried foods, noodles, retort foods, liquid foods, and swallow foods.
  • the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention When used for the production of general foods, it is added to the raw material in the form of MLCT and / or MCT (more preferably MCT), or the fat or oil of the raw material is added to MLCT and / or MCT (more Preferably, it is used by replacing with MCT).
  • the intake amount of the food composition of the present invention can be appropriately set according to the purpose of intake (prevention or treatment), the intake period, and other various conditions (for example, the symptom, age, and body weight of the eating person).
  • the intake of the food composition of the present invention can be set to a lower limit value of preferably 0.02 g / kg body weight / day or more, more preferably 0.08 g / kg body weight / day or more in terms of MCFA.
  • the upper limit is preferably set to 0.70 g / kg body weight / day or less, more preferably 0.45 g / kg body weight / day or less in terms of the amount of MCFA.
  • the intake of the food composition of the present invention can be set at a lower limit value of preferably 0.03 g / kg body weight / day or more, more preferably 0.09 g / kg body weight / day or more in terms of the amount of MCT. .
  • a lower limit value preferably 0.03 g / kg body weight / day or more, more preferably 0.09 g / kg body weight / day or more in terms of the amount of MCT.
  • a lower limit value of preferably 0.03 g / kg body weight / day or more, more preferably 0.09 g / kg body weight / day or more in terms of the amount of MCT.
  • a lower limit value preferably 0.03 g / kg body weight / day or more, more preferably 0.09 g / kg body weight / day or more in terms of the amount of MCT.
  • About an upper limit it can convert into the quantity of MCT, Preferably it can set to below 1.00 g / kg body weight / day, More
  • test meals and model mice were prepared, and the expression level of inflammatory markers was evaluated.
  • the MCT manufactured by Nisshin Oillio Group, Inc.
  • mice were prepared that had inflammation during protein catabolism (inflammation during protein catabolism due to undernutrition and inflammation during protein catabolism due to invasion).
  • undernutrition (PEM) model mice with poor nutritional status were prepared.
  • lipopolysaccharide hereinafter, also referred to as “LPS” was intraperitoneally administered to the mice as an invasive treatment, and target mice were obtained.
  • LPS lipopolysaccharide
  • target mice were obtained.
  • LPS is a toxin derived from the outer membrane of the Gram-negative bacterial cell wall that causes inflammation. It is known that administration of LPS induces a state of increased protein catabolism in mice and causes inflammation not only in various organs throughout the body but also in the brain hippocampus.
  • PEM model mice were prepared according to a known method (reference: Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology Vol. 54 (2008) No. 5 P 371-377). Specifically, 12 14-week-old C57BL / 6 adult male mice (6 mice x 2 groups (comparative examples and examples)) were bred for 1 week. Then, according to each group, the test diet (“PEM-LCT” or “PEM-MCT”) shown in Table 1 was given and reared for 2 weeks (the test diet and water were freely consumed), and the PEM model mice were Obtained.
  • PEM-LCT test diet
  • mice (6 mice) fed with a normal diet were prepared as a control group.
  • LPS from Escherichia coli 0111: B4, Sigma-Aldrich
  • the brain hippocampus was collected from the mice on the 17th day (3 days after LPS administration) after the start of feeding the test meal. Each mouse was fasted 1 day before collecting the hippocampus, and fasted 3 hours before collecting the hippocampus.
  • ⁇ Quantification of inflammation marker mRNA> In the brain hippocampus collected from each test group, mRNA expression levels of three kinds of inflammation markers (IL-1 ⁇ , iNOS, and TNF- ⁇ ) were measured. By measuring the mRNA expression level of these inflammation markers, the degree of inflammation of the brain hippocampus can be specified.
  • RNA was isolated from the brain hippocampus collected from each test group using an RNA extraction kit (Sepasol RNA I, Nacalai Tesque). Subsequently, the expression level of mRNA was measured using the reagents and primers shown in Table 2 using a PCR apparatus (trade name “PC818”, manufactured by ASTEC).
  • the mRNA expression levels of inflammation markers (IL-1 ⁇ , iNOS, and TNF- ⁇ ) in each test group are shown in Table 3 and FIG.
  • the expression level of mRNA is expressed as the average value of the relative value ⁇ standard error (%) when the expression value in each test group is 100, and the average value of the expression level of mRNA in the normal diet (control) is 100. Identified.
  • the Tukey method was used for the test of significant difference between trials.
  • the mRNA expression level was significantly lower for any inflammation marker as compared to the “PEM-LCT” intake group. That is, it can be seen that the inflammation induced in the brain hippocampus by the malnutrition diet and the invasive treatment can be suppressed by ingestion of MCT.

Abstract

The present invention addresses the problem of providing an antiinflammatory agent that has little risk of side effects even if administered continuously. Provided are: an antiinflammatory agent containing a medium chain fatty acid as an active ingredient; and a medicinal composition against inflammation or a food composition against inflammation comprising the aforesaid antiinflammatory agent. As the medium chain fatty acid, a medium chain fatty acid triglyceride may be contained. The present invention is to be used preferably for preventing or treating inflammation associated with excessive protein catabolism (for example, inflammation associated with excessive protein catabolism caused by malnutrition or inflammation associated with excessive protein catabolism caused by invasion).

Description

抗炎症剤、抗炎症用医薬組成物、抗炎症用食品組成物Anti-inflammatory agent, anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical composition, anti-inflammatory food composition
　本発明は、抗炎症剤、抗炎症用医薬組成物、抗炎症用食品組成物に関する。 The present invention relates to an anti-inflammatory agent, an anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical composition, and an anti-inflammatory food composition.
　タンパク質は、生体における筋肉、臓器等の主要な構成成分である。生体内では、タンパク質の同化（合成）及び異化（分解）というサイクルが繰り返されており、正常時は、同化と異化とのバランスが保たれている。 Protein is a major component of muscles and organs in the body. In vivo, the cycle of assimilation (synthesis) and catabolism (decomposition) of proteins is repeated, and in normal times, the balance between assimilation and catabolism is maintained.
　他方、低栄養や摂食障害時、及び侵襲（手術や、病原性微生物の感染等）時には、タンパク質の異化の亢進（以下、「タンパク異化亢進」ともいう。）が起こり、上記の同化と異化とのバランスが、異化に傾く。タンパク異化亢進によって生じた余剰タンパク源は、肝臓で糖質に変換され、さらに、栄養不良や代謝異常状態で過剰に変換された糖質は細胞障害及び臓器障害をもたらし得る。このような細胞障害及び臓器障害は、糖質の代謝低下による高血糖等を介して、免疫系細胞の炎症性サイトカインの産生を促す。つまり、栄養状態が不良な状況や侵襲時のタンパク異化亢進は、体内において炎症をさらに惹起させ、生体防御機能をより低下させる。 On the other hand, during undernutrition, eating disorders, and during invasion (surgery, infection with pathogenic microorganisms, etc.), protein catabolism (hereinafter also referred to as “protein catabolism”) occurs, and the above assimilation and catabolism occur. The balance with is inclined to catabolism. The surplus protein source generated by the increased protein catabolism is converted into carbohydrates in the liver, and the carbohydrates excessively converted due to malnutrition or metabolic abnormalities can cause cell damage and organ damage. Such cell damage and organ damage promote the production of inflammatory cytokines of immune system cells via hyperglycemia due to a decrease in carbohydrate metabolism. In other words, a situation in which the nutritional state is poor or an increase in protein catabolism at the time of invasion further causes inflammation in the body and further lowers the biological defense function.
　体内において惹起された炎症を抑制するための抗炎症剤については、各種知られている（例えば、特許文献１、２等を参照。）。 Various anti-inflammatory agents for suppressing inflammation induced in the body are known (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
日本特許第４６２００１４号明細書Japanese Patent No. 462002014 specification 日本特許第５３９５０５２号明細書Japanese Patent No. 5395052
　しかし、従来の抗炎症剤は、副作用等の問題を有している可能性があり、継続的な投与に適していない可能性があった。さらに、タンパク異化亢進時の炎症（例えば、低栄養によるタンパク異化亢進時の炎症、侵襲によるタンパク異化亢進時の炎症）を抑制できる抗炎症剤については十分に検討されていなかった。 However, conventional anti-inflammatory agents may have problems such as side effects and may not be suitable for continuous administration. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory agents that can suppress inflammation during increased protein catabolism (for example, inflammation during increased protein catabolism due to undernutrition, inflammation during increased protein catabolism due to invasion) have not been sufficiently studied.
　本発明は、継続投与しても副作用の懸念の少ない抗炎症剤を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide an anti-inflammatory agent with less side effects even when continuously administered.
　本発明者らは、中鎖脂肪酸が意外にも抗炎症作用を有し、特にタンパク異化亢進時の炎症を効果的に抑制できる点を見出し、本発明を完成した。具体的に、本発明は以下を提供する。 The present inventors have found that medium-chain fatty acids have an unexpected anti-inflammatory action, and can effectively suppress inflammation particularly during protein catabolism, and have completed the present invention. Specifically, the present invention provides the following.
　（１）　中鎖脂肪酸を有効成分として含む、抗炎症剤。 (1) Anti-inflammatory agent containing medium chain fatty acid as an active ingredient.
　（２）　前記中鎖脂肪酸として、中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリドを含む、（１）に記載の抗炎症剤。 (2) The anti-inflammatory agent according to (1), which contains a medium chain fatty acid triglyceride as the medium chain fatty acid.
　（３）　タンパク異化亢進時の炎症の予防又は治療のための、（１）又は（２）に記載の抗炎症剤。 (3) The anti-inflammatory agent according to (1) or (2) for prevention or treatment of inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism.
　（４）　前記タンパク異化亢進時の炎症は、低栄養によるタンパク異化亢進時の炎症及び／又は侵襲によるタンパク異化亢進時の炎症である、（３）に記載の抗炎症剤。 (4) The anti-inflammatory agent according to (3), wherein the inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism is inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism by undernutrition and / or inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism by invasion.
　（５）　脳内の炎症の予防又は治療のための、（１）から（４）のいずれかに記載の抗炎症剤。 (5) The anti-inflammatory agent according to any one of (1) to (4) for preventing or treating inflammation in the brain.
　（６）　（１）から（５）のいずれかに記載の抗炎症剤を含む、抗炎症用医薬組成物。 (6) An anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical composition comprising the anti-inflammatory agent according to any one of (1) to (5).
　（７）　（１）から（５）のいずれかに記載の抗炎症剤を含む、抗炎症用食品組成物。 (7) An anti-inflammatory food composition comprising the anti-inflammatory agent according to any one of (1) to (5).
　（８）中鎖脂肪酸を有効成分として含み、タンパク異化亢進時の炎症を、ＩＬ－１β、ＴＮＦ－α、及びｉＮＯＳからなる群から選択される１以上の発現を抑制することで抑制する、抗炎症剤。 (8) containing medium chain fatty acid as an active ingredient, and suppressing inflammation during protein catabolism by suppressing one or more expressions selected from the group consisting of IL-1β, TNF-α, and iNOS, Inflammatory agent.
　（９）前記タンパク異化亢進時の炎症が、低栄養によるタンパク異化亢進時の炎症及び／又は侵襲によるタンパク異化亢進時の炎症である、（８）に記載の抗炎症剤。 (9) The anti-inflammatory agent according to (8), wherein the inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism is inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism due to undernutrition and / or inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism due to invasion.
　（１０）前記発現は、脳内の発現である、（８）又は（９）に記載の抗炎症剤。 (10) The anti-inflammatory agent according to (8) or (9), wherein the expression is expression in the brain.
　本発明によれば、継続投与しても副作用の懸念の少ない抗炎症剤が提供される。 According to the present invention, there is provided an anti-inflammatory agent with less side effects even when continuously administered.
本発明の抗炎症剤が、３種類の炎症マーカー（（Ａ）ＩＬ－１β、（Ｂ）ｉＮＯＳ、（Ｃ）ＴＮＦ－α）の発現に及ぼす影響を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the influence which the anti-inflammatory agent of this invention has on the expression of three types of inflammation markers ((A) IL-1β, (B) iNOS, (C) TNF-α).
　以下、本発明の実施形態について詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれに特に限定されない。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail, but the present invention is not particularly limited thereto.
＜抗炎症剤＞
　本発明の抗炎症剤は、中鎖脂肪酸を有効成分として含む。以下、「中鎖脂肪酸」を「ＭＣＦＡ」ともいう。「中鎖脂肪酸を有効成分として含む」とは、本発明の抗炎症剤中に含まれる生理活性物質として、中鎖脂肪酸が少なくとも含まれることを意味する。 <Anti-inflammatory agent>
The anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention contains a medium chain fatty acid as an active ingredient. Hereinafter, “medium chain fatty acid” is also referred to as “MCFA”. “Containing medium chain fatty acid as an active ingredient” means that at least medium chain fatty acid is contained as a physiologically active substance contained in the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention.
　タンパク異化亢進（例えば、低栄養や摂食障害時等に生じるタンパク異化亢進、侵襲によるタンパク異化亢進）は、細胞障害及び臓器障害、さらには免疫系細胞の炎症性サイトカインの産生を促す。その結果、体内の組織や神経で炎症が惹起されると、神経障害（うつ病、統合失調症等）や、神経変性に伴う疾患（パーキンソン病等）が生じ得る。そのため、タンパク異化亢進時の炎症を抑制することは、生体防御機能の維持等のために重要である。特に、脳内の炎症を抑制することは、判断力等の認知機能を維持することにつながるので、要介護状態や日常生活動作低下の予防となる。そのため、本発明者らは、通常の炎症（例えば、栄養状態や侵襲が関与しない炎症）だけではなく、タンパク異化亢進時の炎症、さらには、低栄養によるタンパク異化亢進時の炎症及び／又は侵襲によるタンパク異化亢進時をも有効に抑制できる薬剤について検討した。 Increased protein catabolism (for example, increased protein catabolism caused by malnutrition or eating disorders, and increased protein catabolism due to invasion) promotes the production of inflammatory cytokines by cells and organs as well as immune system cells. As a result, when inflammation is induced in the tissues and nerves in the body, neuropathy (depression, schizophrenia, etc.) and diseases associated with neurodegeneration (Parkinson disease, etc.) may occur. Therefore, it is important to suppress inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism in order to maintain a biological defense function. In particular, suppressing inflammation in the brain leads to maintaining cognitive functions such as judgment and the like, thus preventing a need for nursing care and lowering of daily living activities. Therefore, the present inventors have not only normal inflammation (for example, inflammation that does not involve nutritional status or invasion), but also inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism, and further, inflammation and / or invasion at the time of increased protein catabolism due to undernutrition. We investigated drugs that can effectively suppress the increase in protein catabolism.
　その結果、意外にも、中鎖脂肪酸を有効成分として含む抗炎症剤によれば、炎症、特にタンパク異化亢進時の炎症を効果的に抑制でき、さらには、低栄養によるタンパク異化亢進時の炎症及び／又は侵襲によるタンパク異化亢進時も効果的に抑制できることが見出された。中鎖脂肪酸は、食品等に広く配合される成分であり、安全性が高い。そのため、本発明の抗炎症剤は、継続投与を行ったとしても副作用の懸念が低い。なお、本発明において「継続投与」とは、本発明の抗炎症剤を、対象に対して、所定期間にわたって、連続的又は断続的に投与することを意味する。ただし、本発明において、本発明の抗炎症剤を対象に単回投与する態様は排除されない。 As a result, unexpectedly, anti-inflammatory agents containing medium-chain fatty acids as active ingredients can effectively suppress inflammation, particularly inflammation during protein catabolism, and further, inflammation during protein catabolism due to undernutrition. It was also found that the protein catabolism increase due to invasion can be effectively suppressed. Medium chain fatty acids are components that are widely blended in foods and the like, and have high safety. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention has low side effects even if it is continuously administered. In the present invention, “continuous administration” means that the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention is continuously or intermittently administered to a subject over a predetermined period. However, in the present invention, an embodiment in which the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention is administered once to a subject is not excluded.
　以下に、本発明の抗炎症剤の構成について詳述する。 Hereinafter, the configuration of the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention will be described in detail.
（中鎖脂肪酸（ＭＣＦＡ））
　ＭＣＦＡは、炭素数６～１２の直鎖飽和脂肪酸であり、通常の食品等（例えば、食用油脂や乳製品等）に含まれる油脂成分である。より安全性の高い抗炎症剤が得られやすいという観点から、ＭＣＦＡは、炭素数８～１２の直鎖飽和脂肪酸であることが好ましく、炭素数８及び／又は１０の直鎖飽和脂肪酸であることがより好ましい。具体的なＭＣＦＡとしては、カプロン酸（ｎ－ヘキサン酸）、カプリル酸（ｎ－オクタン酸）、カプリン酸（ｎ－デカン酸）、ラウリン酸が挙げられる。 (Medium chain fatty acid (MCFA))
MCFA is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and is an oil / fat component contained in ordinary foods (for example, edible oils and fats and dairy products). MCFA is preferably a straight-chain saturated fatty acid having 8 to 12 carbon atoms, and a straight-chain saturated fatty acid having 8 and / or 10 carbon atoms from the viewpoint that a safer anti-inflammatory agent can be easily obtained. Is more preferable. Specific MCFAs include caproic acid (n-hexanoic acid), caprylic acid (n-octanoic acid), capric acid (n-decanoic acid), and lauric acid.
　ＭＣＦＡは、例えばパーム核油やヤシ油を加水分解した後に精製することにより、得られる。また、ＭＣＦＡとして市販品や試薬を使用することもできる。 MCFA can be obtained, for example, by hydrolyzing palm kernel oil or palm oil and then refining it. Moreover, a commercial item and a reagent can also be used as MCFA.
　抗炎症剤中に含まれるＭＣＦＡの形態としては特に限定されず、中鎖脂肪酸そのものであってもよく、生体内で中鎖脂肪酸に変換される脂肪酸前駆体（例えば、塩、エステル（後述するアシルグリセロール等））であってもよく、これらの混合物であってもよい。 The form of MCFA contained in the anti-inflammatory agent is not particularly limited, and may be a medium chain fatty acid itself, and a fatty acid precursor (for example, a salt, ester (acyl described later) that is converted into a medium chain fatty acid in vivo. Glycerol))) or a mixture thereof.
　ＭＣＦＡは、通常、脂肪酸前駆体、より具体的にはＭＣＦＡとグリセリンとがエステル結合したアシルグリセロールの形態で体内に摂取される。摂取されたアシルグリセロールは、消化管内で分解吸収されＭＣＦＡを放出し、肝臓でエネルギー化されることが知られる。安全性等がより高いという観点から、本発明の抗炎症剤に含まれるＭＣＦＡの形態は、アシルグリセロールであることが好ましい。 MCFA is usually taken into the body in the form of a fatty acid precursor, more specifically, acylglycerol in which MCFA and glycerin are ester-bonded. It is known that ingested acylglycerol is decomposed and absorbed in the digestive tract and releases MCFA, and is energized in the liver. From the viewpoint of higher safety and the like, the form of MCFA contained in the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention is preferably acylglycerol.
　アシルグリセロールは、脂肪酸とグリセリンとがエステル結合した構造を有し、グリセリンに結合する脂肪酸の数の違いにより、３種の形態（モノアシルグリセロール、ジアシルグリセロール、及びトリアシルグリセロール）のいずれかで存在する。本発明におけるアシルグリセロールは上記３種の形態のいずれであってもよいが、その構成脂肪酸のうちの少なくとも一つがＭＣＦＡである。本発明におけるアシルグリセロールとしては、通常の食品形態に近いという観点からトリアシルグリセロールが好ましい。また、本発明において、ジアシルグリセロール及びトリアシルグリセロールを構成する脂肪酸は、同じ種類であっても、異なる種類であってもよい。異なる種類の脂肪酸から構成されるアシルグリセロールの場合、各々の脂肪酸のグリセリンへの結合位置は、特に限定されない。また、アシルグリセロールの構成脂肪酸として、ＭＣＦＡ以外の脂肪酸（例えば、炭素数１４～２２の長鎖脂肪酸等）が含まれていてもよい。 Acylglycerol has a structure in which fatty acid and glycerin are ester-bonded, and exists in one of three forms (monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, and triacylglycerol) depending on the number of fatty acids that bind to glycerin. To do. The acylglycerol in the present invention may be in any of the above three forms, but at least one of the constituent fatty acids is MCFA. The acylglycerol in the present invention is preferably triacylglycerol from the viewpoint of being close to a normal food form. In the present invention, the fatty acids constituting diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol may be the same or different. In the case of acylglycerol composed of different types of fatty acids, the binding position of each fatty acid to glycerin is not particularly limited. Further, fatty acids other than MCFA (for example, long-chain fatty acids having 14 to 22 carbon atoms) may be included as constituent fatty acids of acylglycerol.
　本発明におけるアシルグリセロールの全構成脂肪酸において、ＭＣＦＡの占める割合の下限値は、好ましくは１０質量％以上、さらに好ましくは４０質量％以上、より好ましくは８０質量％以上である。上限値は好ましくは１００質量％以下である。上記範囲であれば、ＭＣＦＡによる抗炎症作用をより効果的に発揮できる。なお、本発明の抗炎症剤において構成脂肪酸としてＭＣＦＡを含むアシルグリセロールを配合する場合、構成脂肪酸にＭＣＦＡを含まないアシルグリセロールをさらに配合してもよい。かかる場合、抗炎症剤に配合された全アシルグリセロールのうち、全構成脂肪酸におけるＭＣＦＡの占める割合が上記の範囲であればよい。 In the total fatty acids of acylglycerol in the present invention, the lower limit of the proportion of MCFA is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 40% by mass or more, and more preferably 80% by mass or more. The upper limit is preferably 100% by mass or less. If it is the said range, the anti-inflammatory action by MCFA can be exhibited more effectively. In addition, when the acyl glycerol which contains MCFA as a constituent fatty acid is mix | blended in the anti-inflammatory agent of this invention, you may further mix | blend the acyl glycerol which does not contain MCFA in a constituent fatty acid. In such a case, the proportion of MCFA in all the constituent fatty acids in the total acylglycerol blended in the anti-inflammatory agent may be in the above range.
　アシルグリセロールの製造方法は特に限定されないが、例えば、パーム核油やヤシ油由来のＭＣＦＡとグリセリンとをエステル化反応することで得られる。エステル化反応は、例えば、加圧下で無触媒かつ無溶剤にて反応させる方法、ナトリウムメトキシド等の合成触媒を用いて反応させる方法、及び、触媒としてリパーゼを用いて反応させる方法等が挙げられる。 The method for producing acylglycerol is not particularly limited. For example, it can be obtained by esterifying palm kernel oil or MCFA derived from palm oil and glycerin. Examples of the esterification reaction include a method of reacting in a non-catalytic and solvent-free manner under pressure, a method of reacting using a synthetic catalyst such as sodium methoxide, a method of reacting using lipase as a catalyst, and the like. .
　より安全性の高い抗炎症剤が得られやすいという観点から、本発明におけるアシルグリセロールとしては、構成脂肪酸にＭＣＦＡと長鎖脂肪酸（例えば、炭素数１４～２２の直鎖長鎖脂肪酸）とを含有するトリグリセリド、即ち中長鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリドが好ましい。本発明におけるアシルグリセロールとしては、構成脂肪酸の全てがＭＣＦＡであるトリグリセリド、即ち中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリドが特に好ましい。以下、「中長鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリド」を「ＭＬＣＴ」ともいい、「中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリド」を「ＭＣＴ」ともいう。本発明の抗炎症剤中に含まれるＭＣＦＡの形態としては、ＭＬＣＴ及び／又はＭＣＴを含んでいることが好ましく、ＭＣＴのみを含んでいることがより好ましい。本発明の抗炎症剤は、ＭＣＴからなるものが特に好ましい。 From the viewpoint that a safer anti-inflammatory agent can be easily obtained, the acylglycerol in the present invention contains MCFA and a long chain fatty acid (for example, a linear long chain fatty acid having 14 to 22 carbon atoms) as a constituent fatty acid. Triglycerides to be used, that is, medium and long chain fatty acid triglycerides are preferred. The acylglycerol in the present invention is particularly preferably a triglyceride in which all of the constituent fatty acids are MCFA, that is, a medium-chain fatty acid triglyceride. Hereinafter, “medium chain fatty acid triglyceride” is also referred to as “MLCT”, and “medium chain fatty acid triglyceride” is also referred to as “MCT”. The form of MCFA contained in the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention preferably contains MLCT and / or MCT, and more preferably contains only MCT. The anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention is particularly preferably composed of MCT.
　本発明の抗炎症剤は、ＭＣＦＡ（ＭＣＦＡそのもの、ＭＣＦＡの脂肪酸前駆体（ＭＬＣＴ、ＭＣＴ等）、又は、これらの混合物）からなるものであってもよいが、ＭＣＦＡとともにＭＣＦＡ以外の成分を含んでいてもよい。 The anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention may be composed of MCFA (MCFA itself, MCFA fatty acid precursor (MLCT, MCT, etc.), or a mixture thereof), but contains components other than MCFA together with MCFA. May be.
　本発明の抗炎症剤にＭＣＦＡ以外の成分が含まれる場合、抗炎症剤に含まれるＭＣＦＡ（ＭＣＦＡそのもの、ＭＣＦＡの脂肪酸前駆体（ＭＬＣＴ、ＭＣＴ等）、又は、これらの混合物）の配合量の下限値は、抗炎症剤に対して好ましくは３３質量以上％、さらに好ましくは５０質量％以上である。上限値は好ましくは９９質量％以下、さらに好ましくは９０質量％以下である。上記範囲であれば、ＭＣＦＡによる抗炎症作用をより効果的に発揮できる。 When components other than MCFA are included in the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention, the lower limit of the amount of MCFA (MCFA itself, MCFA fatty acid precursor (MLCT, MCT, etc.), or a mixture thereof) included in the anti-inflammatory agent The value is preferably 33% by mass or more, more preferably 50% by mass or more with respect to the anti-inflammatory agent. The upper limit is preferably 99% by mass or less, more preferably 90% by mass or less. If it is the said range, the anti-inflammatory action by MCFA can be exhibited more effectively.
　本発明の抗炎症剤に含まれるＭＣＦＡ以外の成分としては、ＭＣＦＡの作用を阻害しない限り特に限定されない。このような成分として、抗炎症作用を有することが知られる有効成分（トラネキサム酸、アセチルサリチル酸等）、抗酸化剤、乳化剤等が挙げられる。これらの成分の種類や配合量は、得ようとする効果に応じて適宜設定できる。 Components other than MCFA contained in the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention are not particularly limited as long as they do not inhibit the action of MCFA. Examples of such components include active ingredients (tranexamic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, etc.) known to have an anti-inflammatory action, antioxidants, and emulsifiers. The types and blending amounts of these components can be appropriately set according to the effect to be obtained.
　本発明の抗炎症剤に含まれるＭＣＦＡの含量は、ガスクロマトグラフィー法により特定できる。 The content of MCFA contained in the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention can be specified by gas chromatography.
（抗炎症作用）
　本発明の抗炎症剤は、炎症、特に、タンパク異化亢進（例えば、低栄養や摂食障害時等に生じるタンパク異化亢進、侵襲によるタンパク異化亢進）時の炎症の予防又は治療に用いることができる。本発明において「予防」とは、例えば、炎症の発症の抑制又は遅延等を意味し、「治療」とは、例えば、炎症の進行の遅延、並びに、症状の緩和、軽減、改善及び治癒等を意味する。 (Anti-inflammatory effect)
The anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention can be used for prevention or treatment of inflammation, particularly inflammation during protein catabolism (for example, protein catabolism that occurs during malnutrition or eating disorders, or protein catabolism due to invasion). . In the present invention, “prevention” means, for example, suppression or delay of the onset of inflammation, and “treatment” refers to, for example, delaying the progression of inflammation, and alleviating, reducing, improving, and curing symptoms. means.
　本発明において、「炎症」とは、各種の刺激、損傷、感染等によって引き起こされる様々な反応機序を指す。炎症が惹起されているかは、公知の炎症マーカーを用いて特定できる。炎症マーカーとしては、例えば、ＩＬ－１β、ｉＮＯＳ、ＴＮＦ－α、ＩＮＦ－γ、ｃｏｘ－２、ＮＦ－κＢ等が知られる。 In the present invention, “inflammation” refers to various reaction mechanisms caused by various stimuli, damage, infection, and the like. Whether inflammation is induced can be identified using a known inflammation marker. Examples of the inflammatory marker include IL-1β, iNOS, TNF-α, INF-γ, cox-2, and NF-κB.
　本発明の抗炎症剤は、特に、低栄養によるタンパク異化亢進時の炎症及び／又は侵襲によるタンパク異化亢進時の炎症に対して有効である。 The anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention is particularly effective against inflammation during protein catabolism due to undernutrition and / or inflammation during protein catabolism due to invasion.
　本発明において、「タンパク異化亢進」とは、生体内のタンパク質の同化と異化のバランスが、異化に傾いた状態を指す。 In the present invention, “enhanced protein catabolism” refers to a state in which the balance between assimilation and catabolism of proteins in a living body is inclined to catabolism.
　本発明において、「低栄養によるタンパク異化亢進」とは、低栄養や摂食障害時のように摂取エネルギー量が不足しており、体内で糖質を作り出すためにタンパク質の分解が亢進している状態を指す。 In the present invention, “enhanced protein catabolism due to undernutrition” means that the amount of energy intake is insufficient as in undernutrition or eating disorders, and protein degradation is enhanced to produce carbohydrates in the body. Refers to the state.
　本発明において、「侵襲によるタンパク異化亢進」とは、手術、外傷、熱傷、病原性微生物の感染、悪性腫瘍等によって、損傷された組織の修復等の代謝変動が起き、タンパク質の分解が亢進している状態を指す。 In the present invention, “intensification of protein catabolism by invasion” means that metabolic changes such as repair of damaged tissues occur due to surgery, trauma, burns, infection with pathogenic microorganisms, malignant tumors, etc., and protein degradation is accelerated. Refers to the state.
　本発明において、「タンパク異化亢進時の炎症」、及び「低栄養によるタンパク異化亢進時の炎症及び／又は侵襲によるタンパク異化亢進時の炎症」とは、上記で述べた様々な要因に起因するタンパク異化亢進時に、各種の刺激、損傷、感染等によって引き起こされる様々な反応機序を指し、発赤、熱感、腫脹、疼痛等の徴候を生じる。特に、本発明において、「低栄養によるタンパク異化亢進時の炎症及び侵襲によるタンパク異化亢進時の炎症」とは、上記の低栄養によるタンパク異化亢進時の炎症と侵襲によるタンパク異化亢進時の炎症とが併発している状態を指す。 In the present invention, “inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism” and “inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism by undernutrition and / or inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism by invasion” are proteins caused by the various factors described above. When catabolism is increased, it refers to various reaction mechanisms caused by various stimuli, injuries, infections, etc., and produces signs such as redness, heat, swelling, and pain. In particular, in the present invention, “the inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism due to undernutrition and the inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism due to invasion” refers to the inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism due to undernutrition and the inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism due to invasion. Refers to the state in which both occur.
　生体内においてタンパク異化亢進が生じているかは、血中マーカーを用いて特定できる。このような血中マーカーとしては、Ｃ反応性タンパク（ＣＲＰ）、アルブミン（ＡＬＢ）、α１－アンチトリプシン（α１－ＡＴ）、ハプトグロビン（Ｈｐ）、血清アミロイドＡ（ＳＡＡ）、シアル酸（ＳＡ）、トランスサイレチン（ＴＴＲ）等が挙げられる。 Whether or not increased protein catabolism occurs in vivo can be identified using a blood marker. Such blood markers include C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin (ALB), α1-antitrypsin (α1-AT), haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), sialic acid (SA), Examples include transthyretin (TTR).
　以下に、生体内においてタンパク異化亢進が生じているかどうかを特定する手法について、上記の血中マーカーを用いた例を説明する。なお、下記の説明中、「基準値」とは、各マーカーの正常値の範囲を指す。 Hereinafter, an example using the above blood marker will be described as a method for identifying whether or not protein catabolism is enhanced in a living body. In the following description, “reference value” refers to the range of normal values of each marker.
　ＣＲＰは、タンパク異化亢進時に上昇する。ＣＲＰの一般的な基準値は０．２～０．５ｍｇ／ｄＬ程度である。ＣＲＰの値が、軽度（０．５～２．０ｍｇ／ｄＬ）、中等度（２．０～１０ｍｇ／ｄＬ）、高度（１０～ｍｇ／ｄＬ）と上昇するに従い、感染症等に伴う炎症状態が著明となる。 CRP increases during protein catabolism. A typical reference value for CRP is about 0.2 to 0.5 mg / dL. As the CRP value increases to mild (0.5 to 2.0 mg / dL), moderate (2.0 to 10 mg / dL), and high (10 to mg / dL), the inflammatory state associated with infections, etc. Becomes prominent.
　他方、ＣＲＰが増加している場合、ＡＬＢは低下する。ＡＬＢの低下が、肝臓でのタンパク質合成の抑制に伴う低下である場合は、侵襲や疾患等を起点とした炎症が原因の一つとして疑われる。 On the other hand, when CRP increases, ALB decreases. When the decrease in ALB is due to the suppression of protein synthesis in the liver, inflammation caused by invasion or disease is suspected as one of the causes.
　α１－ＡＴは、タンパク異化亢進時に上昇する。α１－ＡＴの基準値は性別や年代によって異なるが、例えば、４０～５９歳の場合、男性では１１６～１５４ｍｇ／ｄＬ、女性では１２３～１６１ｍｇ／ｄＬである。α１－ＡＴの値が２００ｍｇ／ｄＬ以上である場合、タンパク異化亢進が生じていることが疑われる。 Α1-AT increases when protein catabolism increases. The reference value of α1-AT varies depending on gender and age. For example, in the case of 40 to 59 years old, it is 116 to 154 mg / dL for men and 123 to 161 mg / dL for women. When the value of α1-AT is 200 mg / dL or more, it is suspected that protein catabolism has occurred.
　Ｈｐは、タンパク異化亢進時に上昇する。Ｈｐの基準値は遺伝子型（表現型）によって異なるが、日本における表現型の頻度が最も高いといわれる２－２型では、４１～２７３ｍｇ／ｄＬである。Ｈｐの値が３２０ｍｇ／ｄＬ以上である場合、タンパク異化亢進が生じていることが疑われる。 Hp increases when protein catabolism increases. Although the reference value of Hp varies depending on the genotype (phenotype), it is 41 to 273 mg / dL for type 2-2, which is said to have the highest frequency of phenotype in Japan. When the value of Hp is 320 mg / dL or more, it is suspected that protein catabolism has occurred.
　ＳＡＡは、タンパク異化亢進時に上昇する。ＳＡＡの値が、軽度（１０～５０μｇ／ｍＬ）、中等度（５０～３００μｇ／ｍＬ）、高度（３００以上μｇ／ｍＬ）と上昇するに従い、炎症状態が著明となる。 SAA increases during protein catabolism. As the SAA value increases to mild (10-50 μg / mL), moderate (50-300 μg / mL), and high (300 or more μg / mL), the inflammatory state becomes more prominent.
　ＳＡは、タンパク異化亢進時に上昇する。ＳＡの基準値は４４～７１ｍｇ／ｄＬである。ＳＡが上昇した場合、炎症が生じていることが疑われる。 SA increases when protein catabolism increases. The reference value for SA is 44 to 71 mg / dL. If SA increases, it is suspected that inflammation has occurred.
　ＴＴＲは、タンパク異化亢進時に減少する。ＴＴＲの値が２２ｍｇ／ｄＬ以下である場合、炎症が生じていることが疑われる。 TTR decreases when protein catabolism increases. If the TTR value is 22 mg / dL or less, inflammation is suspected.
　また、生体が低栄養であるかを特定することで、低栄養によるタンパク異化亢進が生じているかを特定できる。生体が低栄養であるかは、血中マーカーを用いて特定できる。このような血中マーカーとしては、アルブミン（ＡＬＢ）、α１－アンチトリプシン（α１－ＡＴ）、コリンエステラーゼ（ＣｈＥ）、トランスフェリン（Ｔｆ）、トランスサイレチン（ＴＴＲ）、尿素窒素（ＢＵＮ）、コレステロール（Ｃｈｏ）等が挙げられる。 Also, by specifying whether the living body is undernutrition, it is possible to specify whether protein catabolism is enhanced due to undernutrition. Whether a living body is undernourished can be specified using a blood marker. Such blood markers include albumin (ALB), α1-antitrypsin (α1-AT), cholinesterase (ChE), transferrin (Tf), transthyretin (TTR), urea nitrogen (BUN), cholesterol (Cho ) And the like.
　以下に、生体が低栄養であるかどうかを特定する手法について、上記の血中マーカーを用いた例を説明する。なお、下記の説明中、「基準値」とは、各マーカーの正常値の範囲を指す。 Hereinafter, an example using the above blood marker will be described with respect to a method for identifying whether or not a living body is undernourished. In the following description, “reference value” refers to the range of normal values of each marker.
　ＡＬＢの一般的な基準値は、３．７～４．９ｇ／ｄＬ程度である。ＡＬＢの値が軽度（３．２～３．７ｇ／ｄＬ）、中等度（２．５～３．２ｇ／ｄＬ）、高度（～２．５ｇ／ｄＬ）と減少するに従い、栄養状態が不良であることが疑われる。 A typical standard value for ALB is about 3.7 to 4.9 g / dL. As the ALB value decreases to mild (3.2 to 3.7 g / dL), moderate (2.5 to 3.2 g / dL), and high (to 2.5 g / dL), the nutritional status is poor. Suspected to be.
　α１－ＡＴは、低栄養時に減少する。α１－ＡＴの基準値は、９４～１５０ｍｇ／ｄＬである。α１－ＡＴの値が２５ｍｇ／ｄＬ以下である場合、栄養状態が不良であることが疑われる。 Α1-AT decreases during undernutrition. The reference value for α1-AT is 94 to 150 mg / dL. If the value of α1-AT is 25 mg / dL or less, it is suspected that the nutritional state is poor.
　ＣｈＥは、低栄養時に減少する。ＣｈＥの基準値は、男性では２４２～４９５Ｕ／Ｌ、女性では２００～４５９Ｕ／Ｌである。 ChE decreases during undernutrition. The reference value for ChE is 242 to 495 U / L for men and 200 to 459 U / L for women.
　Ｔｆは、低栄養時に減少する。Ｔｆの基準値は、男性では１９０～３００ｍｇ／ｄＬ、女性では２００～３４０ｍｇ／ｄＬである。 Tf decreases at low nutrition. The reference value for Tf is 190-300 mg / dL for men and 200-340 mg / dL for women.
　ＴＴＲは、低栄養時に減少する。ＴＴＲの基準値は２２．０～４０．０ｍｇ／ｄＬである。 TTR decreases during undernutrition. The reference value for TTR is 22.0-40.0 mg / dL.
　ＢＵＮは、低栄養時に減少する。ＢＵＮの基準値は男性では８～２０ｍｇ／ｄＬであるが、女性ではその１～２割程度の低値が基準値である。ＢＵＮの値が８ｍｇ／ｄＬ以下である場合、栄養状態が不良であることが疑われる。 BUN is reduced during undernutrition. The reference value for BUN is 8 to 20 mg / dL for men, but a low value of about 10 to 20% is the reference value for women. When the value of BUN is 8 mg / dL or less, it is suspected that the nutritional state is poor.
　Ｃｈｏは、低栄養時に減少する。Ｃｈｏの基準値は１５０～２２０ｍｇ／ｄＬである。Ｃｈｏの値が１５０ｍｇ／ｄＬ以下である場合、栄養状態が不良であることが疑われる。 Ｃ Cho decreases during undernutrition. The reference value for Cho is 150-220 mg / dL. If the value of Cho is 150 mg / dL or less, it is suspected that the nutritional state is poor.
　本発明の抗炎症剤を適用できる部位は限定されず、体内の任意の部位（脳、心血管、肝臓、腎臓等）に適用できる。 The site to which the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention can be applied is not limited, and can be applied to any site in the body (brain, cardiovascular, liver, kidney, etc.).
　本発明の抗炎症剤は、特に、脳内（海馬等）の炎症に好適に適用できる。脳内の炎症は、脳内のミクログリアの活性化により、神経障害因子（炎症性サイトカイン、活性酸素、一酸化窒素等）が産生することに伴って生じることが知られる。脳内の炎症の具体的な症状としては、神経細胞のミトコンドリア機能異常、酸化ストレス増加、異常タンパク質の沈着等が挙げられ、これらの症状は神経変性疾患（パーキンソン病等）の発症に影響を及ぼす。そのため、本発明の抗炎症剤は、神経変性疾患に対しても効果を奏し得る。 The anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention is particularly applicable to inflammation in the brain (hippocampus etc.). It is known that inflammation in the brain is accompanied by the production of neuropathy factors (inflammatory cytokines, active oxygen, nitric oxide, etc.) by the activation of microglia in the brain. Specific symptoms of inflammation in the brain include abnormal mitochondrial function in neurons, increased oxidative stress, and abnormal protein deposition. These symptoms affect the development of neurodegenerative diseases (such as Parkinson's disease). . Therefore, the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention can be effective against neurodegenerative diseases.
　本発明の抗炎症剤によれば、特に、タンパク異化亢進時の炎症、より好ましくは、低栄養によるタンパク異化亢進時の炎症及び／又は侵襲によるタンパク異化亢進時の炎症を、炎症マーカー（例えば、ＩＬ－１β、ＴＮＦ－α、及びｉＮＯＳからなる群から選択される１以上）の発現（特に、脳内の発現）を抑制することで抑制できる。 According to the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention, in particular, inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism, more preferably, inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism due to undernutrition and / or inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism due to invasion, an inflammation marker (for example, It can be suppressed by suppressing the expression (especially expression in the brain) of one or more selected from the group consisting of IL-1β, TNF-α, and iNOS.
＜抗炎症用医薬組成物＞
　本発明の抗炎症剤は、抗炎症用医薬組成物の製造のために適用できる。本発明の抗炎症剤を含む抗炎症用医薬組成物（以下、「本発明の医薬組成物」ともいう。）は、副作用の懸念の少なく、継続投与に適した医薬品として好ましく利用できる。 <Anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical composition>
The anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention can be applied for producing an anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical composition. An anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical composition containing the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as “the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention”) is less likely to cause side effects and can be preferably used as a pharmaceutical suitable for continuous administration.
　本発明の医薬組成物の形態としては特に限定されないが、経口投与用医薬組成物又は非経口投与用医薬組成物のいずれとしても調製できる。継続的に摂取しやすいという観点から、本発明の医薬組成物は経口投与用医薬組成物であることが好ましい。 The form of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it can be prepared as either a pharmaceutical composition for oral administration or a pharmaceutical composition for parenteral administration. From the viewpoint of easy continuous consumption, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably a pharmaceutical composition for oral administration.
　経口投与用医薬組成物の形態としては、例えば、カプセル剤、錠剤、丸剤、散剤、細粒剤、顆粒剤、液剤、シロップ剤等の製剤が挙げられる。非経口投与用医薬組成物の形態としては、注射剤、輸液剤等の製剤が挙げられる。 Examples of the form of the pharmaceutical composition for oral administration include preparations such as capsules, tablets, pills, powders, fine granules, granules, liquids, and syrups. Examples of the form of a pharmaceutical composition for parenteral administration include preparations such as injections and infusions.
　本発明の医薬組成物は、本発明の抗炎症剤、並びに、薬理上及び製剤上許容し得る添加物を含む組成物であることが好ましい。「薬理上及び製剤上許容し得る添加物」としては、通常、製剤分野において賦形剤等として常用され、かつ、本発明の抗炎症剤に含まれる有効成分と反応しない物質を使用できる。 The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably a composition comprising the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention and pharmacologically and pharmaceutically acceptable additives. As the “pharmacologically and pharmaceutically acceptable additive”, a substance that is usually used as an excipient or the like in the pharmaceutical field and does not react with an active ingredient contained in the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention can be used.
　本発明の医薬組成物の投与量は、投与目的（予防又は治療）、投与方法、投与期間、その他の諸条件（例えば、患者の症状、年齢、体重）に応じて、適宜設定できる。 The dosage of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be appropriately set according to the administration purpose (prevention or treatment), administration method, administration period, and other various conditions (eg, patient's symptoms, age, body weight).
　本発明の医薬組成物の投与量は、経口投与の場合、下限値を、ＭＣＦＡの量に換算して、好ましくは０．０２ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以上、さらに好ましくは０．０８ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以上に設定できる。上限値については、ＭＣＦＡの量に換算して、好ましくは０．７０ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以下、さらに好ましくは０．４５ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以下に設定できる。 In the case of oral administration, the dosage of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably 0.02 g / kg body weight / day or more, more preferably 0.08 g / kg body weight / day, when the lower limit is converted into the amount of MCFA. Can be set to more than days. The upper limit is preferably set to 0.70 g / kg body weight / day or less, more preferably 0.45 g / kg body weight / day or less in terms of the amount of MCFA.
　本発明の医薬組成物の投与量は、経口投与の場合、下限値を、ＭＣＴの量に換算して、好ましくは０．０３ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以上、さらに好ましくは０．０９ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以上に設定できる。上限値については、ＭＣＴの量に換算して、好ましくは１．００ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以下、さらに好ましくは０．５０ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以下に設定できる。 In the case of oral administration, the dosage of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably 0.03 g / kg body weight / day or more, more preferably 0.09 g / kg body weight / day when the lower limit is converted into the amount of MCT. Can be set to more than days. About an upper limit, it can convert into the quantity of MCT, Preferably it can set to below 1.00 g / kg body weight / day, More preferably, it is below 0.50 g / kg body weight / day.
　本発明の医薬組成物の投与量は、非経口投与の場合、下限値を、ＭＣＦＡの量に換算して、好ましくは０．０２６ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以上、さらに好ましくは０．０９ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以上に設定できる。上限値については、ＭＣＦＡの量に換算して、好ましくは０．７２ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以下、さらに好ましくは０．５６ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以下に設定できる。 In the case of parenteral administration, the dosage of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably 0.026 g / kg body weight / day or more, more preferably 0.09 g / kg body weight when the lower limit is converted to the amount of MCFA. / Can be set to more than a day. The upper limit is preferably set to 0.72 g / kg body weight / day or less, more preferably 0.56 g / kg body weight / day or less in terms of the amount of MCFA.
　本発明の医薬組成物の投与量は、非経口投与の場合、下限値を、ＭＣＴの量に換算して、好ましくは０．０２９ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以上、さらに好ましくは０．１０ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以上に設定できる。上限値については、ＭＣＴの量に換算して、好ましくは０．８０ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以下、さらに好ましくは０．６０ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以下に設定できる。なお、非経口投与の場合は、上記投与量を数時間かけて（例えば、４～８時間かけて）投与することが好ましい。 In the case of parenteral administration, the dosage of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably 0.029 g / kg body weight / day or more, more preferably 0.10 g / kg body weight when the lower limit is converted to the amount of MCT. / Can be set to more than a day. About an upper limit, it can convert into the quantity of MCT, Preferably it is 0.80 g / kg body weight / day or less, More preferably, it can set to 0.60 g / kg body weight / day or less. In the case of parenteral administration, the above dose is preferably administered over several hours (eg, over 4 to 8 hours).
　本発明の医薬組成物は、副作用の懸念が少ないうえ、一般的な有効成分との相互作用が生じる可能性が低いため、既存薬（抗炎症剤、抗がん剤、生活習慣病（高血圧、糖尿病、脂質異常症等）治療薬等）と組み合わせて用いてもよい。本発明の医薬組成物と組み合わされる既存薬が抗炎症剤である場合、既存薬の用量を下げることができるので、該既存薬が有する副作用を低減できる。 Since the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is less likely to cause side effects and is less likely to cause interaction with general active ingredients, existing drugs (anti-inflammatory agents, anti-cancer agents, lifestyle-related diseases (high blood pressure, It may be used in combination with diabetes, dyslipidemia, etc.) and other therapeutic agents. When the existing drug combined with the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is an anti-inflammatory agent, the dose of the existing drug can be lowered, so that side effects of the existing drug can be reduced.
　本発明の医薬組成物は、副作用の懸念が少ないため、継続投与に適する。投与期間としては特に限定されないが、例えば３～１０日に設定できる。投与は、上記期間中、数時間おきに行ってもよいし、間隔（例えば、１日～数日）をあけて行ってもよい。 The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is suitable for continuous administration because there are few side effects. The administration period is not particularly limited, and can be set to 3 to 10 days, for example. Administration may be performed every several hours during the above period or at intervals (eg, 1 to several days).
＜抗炎症用食品組成物＞
　本発明の抗炎症剤は、抗炎症用食品組成物の製造のために適用できる。本発明の抗炎症剤の有効成分であるＭＣＦＡは、副作用の懸念が少ないだけではなく、食品の風味や嗜好性を損ないにくい。そのため、本発明の抗炎症剤を含む抗炎症用食品組成物（以下、「本発明の食品組成物」ともいう。）は摂食しやすい食品として好ましく利用できる。 <Anti-inflammatory food composition>
The anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention can be applied for the production of an anti-inflammatory food composition. MCFA, which is an active ingredient of the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention, is not only less susceptible to side effects, but is less likely to impair the flavor and palatability of food. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory food composition containing the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as “the food composition of the present invention”) can be preferably used as a food that is easy to eat.
　本発明の食品組成物の形態としては、サプリメントや、一般食品、動物用食品、動物用飼料が挙げられる。 The form of the food composition of the present invention includes supplements, general foods, animal foods, and animal feeds.
　サプリメントの形態は特に限定されず、固形製剤又は液体製剤のいずれでもよい。例えば、錠剤、被覆錠剤、カプセル剤、顆粒剤、散剤、粉剤、徐放性製剤、懸濁液、エマルジョン剤、内服液、糖衣錠、丸剤、細粒剤、シロップ剤、エリキシル剤等の製剤が挙げられる。 The form of the supplement is not particularly limited, and may be either a solid preparation or a liquid preparation. For example, preparations such as tablets, coated tablets, capsules, granules, powders, powders, sustained-release preparations, suspensions, emulsions, internal liquids, dragees, pills, fine granules, syrups, elixirs, etc. Can be mentioned.
　一般食品の形態は特に限定されず、例えば、パン・菓子類（パン、ケーキ、クッキー、ビスケット、ドーナツ、マフィン、スコーン、チョコレート、スナック菓子、ホイップクリーム、アイスクリーム等）、飲料類（果汁飲料、栄養ドリンク、スポーツドリンク等）、スープ類、調味加工食品（ドレッシング、ソース、マヨネーズ、バター、マーガリン、調製マーガリン等）、ファットスプレッド、ショートニング、ベーカリーミックス、炒め油、フライ油、フライ食品、加工肉製品、冷凍食品、フライ食品、麺、レトルト食品、流動食、嚥下食等が挙げられる。 The form of the general food is not particularly limited. For example, bread / confectionery (bread, cake, cookies, biscuits, donuts, muffins, scones, chocolate, snacks, whipped cream, ice cream, etc.), beverages (fruit juices, nutrition Drinks, sports drinks, etc.), soups, seasoned foods (dressing, sauce, mayonnaise, butter, margarine, prepared margarine, etc.), fat spread, shortening, bakery mix, fried oil, frying oil, fried food, processed meat products, Examples include frozen foods, fried foods, noodles, retort foods, liquid foods, and swallow foods.
　本発明の抗炎症剤を一般食品の製造のために使用する場合は、ＭＬＣＴ及び／又はＭＣＴ（より好ましくはＭＣＴ）の形態で原材料に追加するか、原材料の油脂をＭＬＣＴ及び／又はＭＣＴ（より好ましくはＭＣＴ）に置き換えて使用することが好ましい。 When the anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention is used for the production of general foods, it is added to the raw material in the form of MLCT and / or MCT (more preferably MCT), or the fat or oil of the raw material is added to MLCT and / or MCT (more Preferably, it is used by replacing with MCT).
　本発明の食品組成物の摂取量は、摂取目的（予防又は治療）、摂取期間、その他の諸条件（例えば、摂食者の症状、年齢、体重）に応じて、適宜設定できる。 The intake amount of the food composition of the present invention can be appropriately set according to the purpose of intake (prevention or treatment), the intake period, and other various conditions (for example, the symptom, age, and body weight of the eating person).
　本発明の食品組成物の摂取量は、下限値を、ＭＣＦＡの量に換算して、好ましくは０．０２ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以上、さらに好ましくは０．０８ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以上に設定できる。上限値については、ＭＣＦＡの量に換算して、好ましくは０．７０ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以下、さらに好ましくは０．４５ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以下に設定できる。 The intake of the food composition of the present invention can be set to a lower limit value of preferably 0.02 g / kg body weight / day or more, more preferably 0.08 g / kg body weight / day or more in terms of MCFA. . The upper limit is preferably set to 0.70 g / kg body weight / day or less, more preferably 0.45 g / kg body weight / day or less in terms of the amount of MCFA.
　本発明の食品組成物の摂取量は、下限値を、ＭＣＴの量に換算して、好ましくは０．０３ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以上、さらに好ましくは０．０９ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以上に設定できる。上限値については、ＭＣＴの量に換算して、好ましくは１．００ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以下、さらに好ましくは０．５０ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以下に設定できる。 The intake of the food composition of the present invention can be set at a lower limit value of preferably 0.03 g / kg body weight / day or more, more preferably 0.09 g / kg body weight / day or more in terms of the amount of MCT. . About an upper limit, it can convert into the quantity of MCT, Preferably it can set to below 1.00 g / kg body weight / day, More preferably, it is below 0.50 g / kg body weight / day.
　以下に、実施例に基づいて本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例によって限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
　以下の試験食及びモデルマウスを準備し、炎症マーカーの発現量を評価した。 The following test meals and model mice were prepared, and the expression level of inflammatory markers was evaluated.
＜試験食の製造＞
　ＡＩＮ－９３Ｇに準拠し、脂質として長鎖脂肪酸油（以下、「ＬＣＴ」ともいう。）、又は、ＭＣＴ及びＬＣＴを含む、低栄養食（ＰＥＭ食）を２種類作製した。以下、ＬＣＴを含むＰＥＭ食を「ＰＥＭ－ＬＣＴ」ともいい、ＭＣＴ及びＬＣＴを含むＰＥＭ食を「ＰＥＭ－ＭＣＴ」ともいう。また、対照群用の普通食（ＡＩＮ－９３Ｇ）も作製した。ＰＥＭ食及び普通食の配合を表１（表中の数値の単位：質量部）に示す。各試験食は、ペレット状に調製した。ＬＣＴは、ＡＩＮ－９３Ｇ等の標準的な飼料組成に含まれる油脂である。 <Production of test meal>
In accordance with AIN-93G, two types of low-nutrition food (PEM food) containing long-chain fatty acid oil (hereinafter also referred to as “LCT”) or MCT and LCT as lipids were prepared. Hereinafter, a PEM meal containing LCT is also called “PEM-LCT”, and a PEM meal containing MCT and LCT is also called “PEM-MCT”. In addition, a normal food (AIN-93G) for the control group was also prepared. Table 1 (numeric units in the table: parts by mass) shows the composition of PEM food and normal food. Each test meal was prepared in a pellet form. LCT is an oil contained in a standard feed composition such as AIN-93G.
　なお、本実施例で使用したＭＣＴ（日清オイリオグループ株式会社製造品）は、構成脂肪酸がｎ－オクタン酸（炭素数８）とｎ－デカン酸（炭素数１０）であり、その質量比はｎ－オクタン酸：ｎ－デカン酸＝３０：７０である。 The MCT (manufactured by Nisshin Oillio Group, Inc.) used in this example has n-octanoic acid (carbon number 8) and n-decanoic acid (carbon number 10) as constituent fatty acids, and the mass ratio is n-octanoic acid: n-decanoic acid = 30: 70.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
＜モデルマウスの準備＞
　以下に示す方法で、タンパク異化亢進時の炎症（低栄養によるタンパク異化亢進時の炎症及び侵襲によるタンパク異化亢進時の炎症）が生じているマウスを準備した。まず、栄養状態が不良である低栄養（ＰＥＭ）のモデルマウスを作製した。さらに、該マウスに対して、侵襲の処置としてリポポリサッカライド（以下、「ＬＰＳ」ともいう。）を腹腔内投与し、目的とするマウスを得た。なお、ＬＰＳは、炎症を惹起するグラム陰性細菌細胞壁外膜由来の毒素である。ＬＰＳの投与により、マウスにおいて、タンパク異化亢進状態が誘導され、全身の様々な臓器だけでなく、脳海馬等に炎症が惹起されることが知られる。 <Preparation of model mouse>
By the method described below, mice were prepared that had inflammation during protein catabolism (inflammation during protein catabolism due to undernutrition and inflammation during protein catabolism due to invasion). First, undernutrition (PEM) model mice with poor nutritional status were prepared. Furthermore, lipopolysaccharide (hereinafter, also referred to as “LPS”) was intraperitoneally administered to the mice as an invasive treatment, and target mice were obtained. Note that LPS is a toxin derived from the outer membrane of the Gram-negative bacterial cell wall that causes inflammation. It is known that administration of LPS induces a state of increased protein catabolism in mice and causes inflammation not only in various organs throughout the body but also in the brain hippocampus.
　ＰＥＭのモデルマウスは、公知の方法（参考文献：Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ　ｏｆ　Ｎｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｎａｌ　Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ　ａｎｄ　Ｖｉｔａｍｉｎｏｌｏｇｙ　Ｖｏｌ．　５４　（２００８）　Ｎｏ．　５　Ｐ　３７１－３７７）に準拠して作製した。具体的には、１４週齢のＣ５７ＢＬ／６成体オスマウス１２匹（６匹×２群（比較例及び実施例））を１週間馴化飼育した。次いで、各群に応じて、表１に示した試験食（「ＰＥＭ－ＬＣＴ」又は「ＰＥＭ－ＭＣＴ」）を与えて２週間飼育（試験食と水は自由摂取）し、ＰＥＭのモデルマウスを得た。飼育期間中は、温度２３±１℃、湿度５０±１０％、１２時間明暗サイクル（午前８時から午後８時に照明を行った。）の環境下で１ケージに１匹を飼育した。上記と同様の方法で、普通食を与えたマウス（６匹）を、対照群として準備した。 PEM model mice were prepared according to a known method (reference: Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology Vol. 54 (2008) No. 5 P 371-377). Specifically, 12 14-week-old C57BL / 6 adult male mice (6 mice x 2 groups (comparative examples and examples)) were bred for 1 week. Then, according to each group, the test diet (“PEM-LCT” or “PEM-MCT”) shown in Table 1 was given and reared for 2 weeks (the test diet and water were freely consumed), and the PEM model mice were Obtained. During the breeding period, one animal was raised in one cage in an environment of a temperature of 23 ± 1 ° C., a humidity of 50 ± 10%, and a 12-hour light / dark cycle (lighting was performed from 8 am to 8 pm). In the same manner as described above, mice (6 mice) fed with a normal diet were prepared as a control group.
　なお、「ＰＥＭ－ＬＣＴ」摂取群と、「ＰＥＭ－ＭＣＴ」摂取群の一日食餌摂取量と体重の平均値に有意差は認められなかった。 It should be noted that there was no significant difference in the average daily food intake and body weight between the “PEM-LCT” intake group and the “PEM-MCT” intake group.
　各試験食で２週間飼育した後、その翌日（試験食を与え始めてから１５日目）に、ＬＰＳ（Ｅｓｃｈｅｒｉｃｈｉａ　ｃｏｌｉ　０１１１：Ｂ４由来、Ｓｉｇｍａ－Ａｌｄｒｉｃｈ社）を、体重１ｋｇあたり１ｍｇ腹腔内投与した。試験食を与え始めてから１７日目（ＬＰＳ投与から３日後）に、マウスから脳海馬を採取した。なお、各マウスは、脳海馬を採取する１日前より絶食させ、脳海馬を採取する３時間前より絶飲させた。 After breeding on each test meal for 2 weeks, LPS (from Escherichia coli 0111: B4, Sigma-Aldrich) was administered intraperitoneally on the next day (15th day after starting to feed the test meal). The brain hippocampus was collected from the mice on the 17th day (3 days after LPS administration) after the start of feeding the test meal. Each mouse was fasted 1 day before collecting the hippocampus, and fasted 3 hours before collecting the hippocampus.
　試験期間中、各群のマウスには試験食摂取による副作用は認められなかった。 During the test period, no adverse effects due to the intake of the test meal were observed in each group of mice.
＜炎症マーカーのｍＲＮＡの定量＞
　各試験群から採取した脳海馬において、３種類の炎症マーカー（ＩＬ－１β、ｉＮＯＳ、及びＴＮＦ－α）のｍＲＮＡ発現量を測定した。これらの炎症マーカーのｍＲＮＡ発現量を測定することで、脳海馬の炎症の程度を特定できる。 <Quantification of inflammation marker mRNA>
In the brain hippocampus collected from each test group, mRNA expression levels of three kinds of inflammation markers (IL-1β, iNOS, and TNF-α) were measured. By measuring the mRNA expression level of these inflammation markers, the degree of inflammation of the brain hippocampus can be specified.
（ＰＣＲ用サンプルの調製）
　各試験群から採取した脳海馬から、ＲＮＡ抽出キット（Ｓｅｐａｓｏｌ　ＲＮＡ　Ｉ、ナカライテスク株式会社）を用いて、全ＲＮＡを単離した。次いで、ＰＣＲ装置（商品名「ＰＣ８１８」、ＡＳＴＥＣ社製）を用いて、表２に示す試薬及びプライマーを用いて、ｍＲＮＡの発現量を測定した。 (Preparation of PCR sample)
Total RNA was isolated from the brain hippocampus collected from each test group using an RNA extraction kit (Sepasol RNA I, Nacalai Tesque). Subsequently, the expression level of mRNA was measured using the reagents and primers shown in Table 2 using a PCR apparatus (trade name “PC818”, manufactured by ASTEC).
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
（結果）
　各試験群における炎症マーカー（ＩＬ－１β、ｉＮＯＳ、及びＴＮＦ－α）のｍＲＮＡ発現量を、表３及び図１に示す。なお、ｍＲＮＡの発現量は、各試験群における発現量の数値を、普通食（対照）におけるｍＲＮＡの発現量の平均値を１００とした場合の、相対値の平均値±標準誤差（％）として特定した。なお、試行間の有意差検定には、Ｔｕｋｅｙ法を用いた。 (result)
The mRNA expression levels of inflammation markers (IL-1β, iNOS, and TNF-α) in each test group are shown in Table 3 and FIG. The expression level of mRNA is expressed as the average value of the relative value ± standard error (%) when the expression value in each test group is 100, and the average value of the expression level of mRNA in the normal diet (control) is 100. Identified. The Tukey method was used for the test of significant difference between trials.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000003
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000003
　表３及び図１から理解されるとおり、「ＰＥＭ－ＬＣＴ」摂取群及び「ＰＥＭ－ＭＣＴ」摂取群の両群においては、普通食を摂取した群と比較して、いずれの炎症マーカーについてもｍＲＮＡ発現量が有意に増加した。このことは、ＰＥＭマウスでは、普通食を摂取したマウスと比べて、低栄養によるタンパク異化亢進状態となっており、さらにはＬＰＳ投与によって侵襲によるタンパク異化亢進状態を併発し、脳海馬において顕著な炎症が惹起されたことを示す。 As can be seen from Table 3 and FIG. 1, in both the “PEM-LCT” ingestion group and the “PEM-MCT” ingestion group, mRNA for any inflammatory marker was compared to the group ingested the normal diet. The expression level increased significantly. This is because PEM mice are in a state of increased protein catabolism due to undernutrition compared to mice that have ingested a normal diet, and are also accompanied by an increased state of protein catabolism due to invasion by LPS administration, which is prominent in the brain hippocampus. Indicates that inflammation has occurred.
　しかし、「ＰＥＭ－ＭＣＴ」摂取群においては、「ＰＥＭ－ＬＣＴ」摂取群と比較して、いずれの炎症マーカーについてもｍＲＮＡ発現量が有意に低かった。つまり、低栄養食及び侵襲の処置によって脳海馬において惹起された炎症は、ＭＣＴの摂取によって抑制することができることがわかる。 However, in the “PEM-MCT” intake group, the mRNA expression level was significantly lower for any inflammation marker as compared to the “PEM-LCT” intake group. That is, it can be seen that the inflammation induced in the brain hippocampus by the malnutrition diet and the invasive treatment can be suppressed by ingestion of MCT.

Claims (10)

  1. 　中鎖脂肪酸を有効成分として含む、抗炎症剤。 An anti-inflammatory agent containing medium-chain fatty acids as active ingredients.
  2. 　前記中鎖脂肪酸として、中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリドを含む、請求項１に記載の抗炎症剤。 The anti-inflammatory agent according to claim 1, comprising a medium chain fatty acid triglyceride as the medium chain fatty acid.
  3. 　タンパク異化亢進時の炎症の予防又は治療のための、請求項１又は２に記載の抗炎症剤。 The anti-inflammatory agent according to claim 1 or 2 for preventing or treating inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism.
  4. 　前記タンパク異化亢進時の炎症は、低栄養によるタンパク異化亢進時の炎症及び／又は侵襲によるタンパク異化亢進時の炎症である、請求項３に記載の抗炎症剤。 The anti-inflammatory agent according to claim 3, wherein the inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism is inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism by undernutrition and / or inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism by invasion.
  5. 　脳内の炎症の予防又は治療のための、請求項１から４のいずれかに記載の抗炎症剤。 The anti-inflammatory agent according to any one of claims 1 to 4 for preventing or treating inflammation in the brain.
  6. 　請求項１から５のいずれかに記載の抗炎症剤を含む、抗炎症用医薬組成物。 An anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical composition comprising the anti-inflammatory agent according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
  7. 　請求項１から５のいずれかに記載の抗炎症剤を含む、抗炎症用食品組成物。 An anti-inflammatory food composition comprising the anti-inflammatory agent according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
  8. 　中鎖脂肪酸を有効成分として含み、タンパク異化亢進時の炎症を、ＩＬ－１β、ＴＮＦ－α、及びｉＮＯＳからなる群から選択される１以上の発現を抑制することで抑制する、抗炎症剤。 An anti-inflammatory agent comprising medium chain fatty acid as an active ingredient and suppressing inflammation during protein catabolism by suppressing expression of one or more selected from the group consisting of IL-1β, TNF-α, and iNOS.
  9. 　前記タンパク異化亢進時の炎症が、低栄養によるタンパク異化亢進時の炎症及び／又は侵襲によるタンパク異化亢進時の炎症である、請求項８に記載の抗炎症剤。 The anti-inflammatory agent according to claim 8, wherein the inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism is inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism by undernutrition and / or inflammation at the time of increased protein catabolism by invasion.
  10. 　前記発現は、脳内の発現である、請求項８又は９に記載の抗炎症剤。 The anti-inflammatory agent according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the expression is expression in the brain.
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JP2005526768A (en) * 2002-03-18 2005-09-08 ファーモス コーポレイション Dexanabinol and dexanabinol analogues that regulate inflammation-related genes
JP2004043337A (en) * 2002-07-10 2004-02-12 Nisshin Oillio Ltd Blood neutral fat concentration-adjusting agent
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KONO, HIROSHI ET AL., JOURNAL OF JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR MEDICAL USE OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS, vol. 8, no. 4, October 2014 (2014-10-01), pages 264 - 270, ISSN: 1348-2564 *

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