WO2018156161A1 - Système et procédé de séchage d'agent de soutenement - Google Patents

Système et procédé de séchage d'agent de soutenement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018156161A1
WO2018156161A1 PCT/US2017/019619 US2017019619W WO2018156161A1 WO 2018156161 A1 WO2018156161 A1 WO 2018156161A1 US 2017019619 W US2017019619 W US 2017019619W WO 2018156161 A1 WO2018156161 A1 WO 2018156161A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
proppant
silo
gaseous nitrogen
bone
proppant silo
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2017/019619
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John A. BABCOCK
Charles P. Siess, Iii
Original Assignee
Linde Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Linde Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to PCT/US2017/019619 priority Critical patent/WO2018156161A1/fr
Publication of WO2018156161A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018156161A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
    • E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
    • C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
    • C09K8/64—Oil-based compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
    • C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
    • C09K8/70—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. foams
    • C09K8/703—Foams
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
    • C09K8/80—Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
    • C09K8/82—Oil-based compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
    • C09K8/92—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material
    • C09K8/94—Foams

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the disclosure relate to methods and systems of a proppant drying system to provide bone-dry proppant for use with a low temperature waterless hydraulic fracturing fluid to hydraulically and thermally fracture a hydrocarbon bearing reservoir.
  • Fracture treatments are utilized to improve fluid conductivity between a wellbore and a subsurface formation of interest to increase fluid production rate and associated reserves.
  • Hydraulic fracture treatments are typically used in low- permeability formations, in conventional reservoirs to bypass near-wellbore permeability damage, and in unconventional reservoirs to intersect induced fractures with a natural fracture network.
  • Proppant is often injected into the subsurface formation with the hydraulic fracturing fluid to keep the fractures open to maintain conductivity and increase productivity.
  • the embodiments of this disclosure are directed to methods and systems for providing bone-dry proppant that can be injected into a subsurface formation with a low temperature waterless hydraulic fracturing fluid that is chilled to a low temperature to thermally stress and cause secondary fracturing to the subsurface formation.
  • a method of dehydrating proppant comprises pressurizing a proppant silo that is filled with proppant; injecting gaseous nitrogen into the proppant silo; and exhausting the gaseous nitrogen and moisture from the proppant silo to dehydrate the proppant to a bone-dry condition, while maintaining a back pressure within the proppant silo.
  • Figure 1 is a sectional view of a proppant drying system according to one embodiment.
  • Figure 2 is an isometric sectional view of a portion of the proppant drying system of Figure 1 according one embodiment.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of a proppant drying system according to one embodiment.
  • Embodiments of the methods and systems described herein utilize a stimulation fluid for treating (such as fracturing and/or cooling) a subsurface formation (such as a hydrocarbon bearing reservoir).
  • the stimulation fluid may be a low temperature (such as below zero degrees Fahrenheit) waterless hydraulic fracturing fluid.
  • the stimulation fluid may comprise naturally occurring, locally available components that are non-damaging to the subsurface formation, cost effective, and can be chilled to low temperatures.
  • the low temperature of the stimulation fluid applies a thermal stress to the subsurface formation to produce microscopic fractures that enhance permeability of the subsurface formation. Reducing the temperature using the stimulation fluid results in differential contraction of restrained rock within the subsurface formation, thereby creating fracturing and cracks.
  • thermally fracturing the subsurface formation creates secondary fracturing along the primary induced fractures to further increase the effective conductivity of the subsurface formation.
  • Reservoir simulation software indicates an improvement in wellbore productivity of 20% using a combination of hydraulic fracturing and thermal fracturing.
  • a foamed unfractionated hydrocarbon mixture can be used as a cryogenic stimulation fluid to transmit pressure and both suspend and transport proppant to a subsurface formation at a temperature below 0 degrees Fahrenheit, such as at a temperature near -20 degrees Fahrenheit.
  • a low temperature stimulation fluid requires the use of a bone- dry proppant (e.g. extremely or completely dry proppant containing no moisture) to prevent individual proppant particles from freezing together, which may form a blockage when trying to inject the proppant into a subsurface formation.
  • a bone- dry proppant e.g. extremely or completely dry proppant containing no moisture
  • the proppant when in the bone-dry condition may have less than 0.01 % moisture.
  • Figure 1 is a sectional view of a proppant drying system 100 configured to dehydrate proppant according to one embodiment.
  • Figure 2 is an isometric sectional view of a lower portion of the proppant drying system 100.
  • the system 100 includes a proppant silo 1 10 and an injection system 120 disposed within the proppant silo 1 10.
  • the proppant silo 1 10 is a cylindrical vessel having a flanged outlet 1 1 1 from which proppant 1 15 may be removed.
  • the injection system 120 is configured to inject gaseous nitrogen into the proppant silo 1 10 as further described below.
  • the system 100 further includes a control system 300 configured to monitor and/or control operation of one or more components of the system 100 as further described below.
  • the injection system 120 includes a first perforated ring 122 and a second perforated ring 124 coupled to the inner walls of the proppant silo 1 10.
  • the first perforated ring 122 is positioned above and has a large diameter than the second perforated ring 124, which is located in a narrower neck region at the bottom of the proppant silo 1 10 above the outlet 1 1 1 .
  • the first perforated ring 122 is coupled to the proppant silo 1 10 by brackets 123, while the second perforated ring 124 is seated at the base of the proppant silo 1 10.
  • the first and second perforated rings 122, 124 each include a plurality of perforations 127, 128 disposed about the periphery of the first and second perforated rings 122, 124.
  • the perforations 127 of the first perforated ring 122 are disposed through and about the bottom of the first perforated ring 122.
  • the perforations 128 of the second perforated ring 124 are disposed through and about the inner side of the second perforated ring 124. In other embodiments, the perforations may be disposed through and about the top, bottom, inner side, and/or outer side of the first and/or second perforated rings 122, 124.
  • the first and/or second perforated rings 122, 124 may be coated with an erosion resistant coating, such as a tungsten coating, a diamond coating, or a ceramic coating, to prevent erosion of the first and/or second perforated rings 122, 124 by the proppant 1 15 in the proppant silo 1 10.
  • an erosion resistant coating such as a tungsten coating, a diamond coating, or a ceramic coating
  • a first inlet control valve 130 controls the flow of gaseous nitrogen into the first perforated ring 122 via line 135.
  • a second inlet control valve 140 controls the flow of gaseous nitrogen into the second perforated ring 124 via line 145.
  • An exhaust control valve 150 controls the flow of gaseous nitrogen, as well as any moisture (e.g. water vapor and/or liquid water) that is absorbed by and/or entrained with the flow of gaseous nitrogen, out of the proppant silo 1 10 via line 155.
  • the proppant silo 1 10 is filled with proppant 1 15, such as graded sand or man-made ceramics.
  • proppant 1 15 such as graded sand or man-made ceramics.
  • Gaseous nitrogen is pumped into the injection system 120 via control valves 130, 140 and lines 135, 145, respectively, and then injected by the injection system 120 into the proppant silo 1 10.
  • the gaseous nitrogen flows into the perforated rings 122, 124 via lines 135, 145 and out of the perforations of the first and second perforated rings 122, 124 into the interior of the proppant silo 1 10.
  • the perforations are located at the bottom of the first perforated ring 122 and at the inner side of the second perforated ring 124 so that the gaseous nitrogen is initially injected in a direction toward the bottom of the proppant silo 1 10 by the first perforated ring 122, and in a direction inward toward the center of the proppant silo 1 10 by the second perforated ring 124.
  • the perforations can be disposed through the top, bottom, inner side, and/or outer side of the first and/or second perforated rings 122, 124.
  • the gaseous nitrogen disperses and flows upward toward the top of the proppant silo 1 10 while absorbing any moisture (e.g. water vapor and/or liquid water that has condensed on the surfaces of the proppant 1 15 and/or the walls of the proppant silo 100) within the proppant silo 1 10.
  • the gaseous nitrogen and moisture that is absorbed by and/or entrained with the flow of gaseous nitrogen are exhausted out of the proppant silo 1 10 through the exhaust control valve 150 via line 155 to dehydrate the proppant 1 15 to a bone- dry condition.
  • the exhaust control valve 150 is configured to maintain a back pressure within the proppant silo 1 10 to keep the proppant silo 1 10 pressurized.
  • a sensor 157 such as a moisture and temperature detection sensor, is in communication with the line 155 is configured to monitor, measure, digitally record, and/or provide a signal corresponding to the moisture content and/or the temperature of the exhaust in the line 155 to the control system 300 to indicate when all of the moisture has been removed from the proppant silo 1 10.
  • the sensor 157 is a digital inline sensor.
  • the exhaust from the proppant silo 1 10, including the gaseous nitrogen and absorbed and/or entrained moisture, may be monitored and/or measured by the sensor 157 to determine the water content and/or temperature of the exhaust as a way of indicating when the proppant 1 15 is dehydrated to a bone-dry condition.
  • the proppant 1 15 within the proppant silo 1 10 is extremely or completely dry and contains no moisture.
  • the proppant 1 15 can be injected into a subsurface formation with a low temperature hydraulic fracturing fluid without the proppant 1 15 freezing together.
  • a control valve 160 is coupled to the outlet 1 1 1 at the bottom of the proppant silo 1 10 and configured to open and close to control the flow of the proppant 1 15 out of the proppant silo 1 10 and into a flow line 165 (e.g. at a preset rate or to a fixed pumping schedule) containing a stimulation fluid stream 170, such as a low temperature waterless hydraulic fracturing fluid.
  • the flow line 165 may include an eductor 161 located below the control valve 160 that is configured to generate a vacuum that induces the proppant into the stimulation fluid stream 170.
  • the eductor 161 may be made out of an abrasion resistant material, such as hardened steel or ceramic.
  • the bone-dry proppant 1 15 is mixed with the stimulation fluid stream 170 and may be sent through one or more systems to prepare it for injection into a hydrocarbon bearing reservoir to hydraulically fracture and thermally fracture the hydrocarbon bearing reservoir.
  • the one or more systems may include a blender, a high pressure pump, and a foaming device configured to generate high quality nitrogen foam with the stimulation fluid stream 170 and the proppant 1 15.
  • the control system 300 is in communication with and configured to control (e.g. open and close) the control valves 130, 140, 150, 160.
  • the control system 300 is also in communication and configured received a signal from the sensor 157 corresponding to the water content and temperature of the exhaust in the line 155.
  • the control system 300 is also in communication and configured received a signal from a pressure gauge 158 corresponding to the pressure within the proppant silo 1 10.
  • the control system 300 is configured to close the control valves 130, 140 to stop the injection of gaseous nitrogen into the proppant silo 1 10, close the control valve 150 to stop the flow of exhaust out of the proppant silo 1 10, and open the control valve 160 to allow the proppant 1 15 to flow into the stimulation fluid stream 170.
  • the control system 300 is configured to open the control valves 130, 140 to continue to pump gaseous nitrogen into the proppant silo 1 10 to maintain a positive pressure within the proppant silo 1 10 as the proppant 1 15 is flowing out into the stimulation fluid stream 170 to prevent backflow into the proppant silo 1 10.
  • the proppant silo 1 10 may be formed out of metal, such as stainless steel.
  • the proppant silo 1 10 may be rated up to 450 psi working pressure.
  • the first and/or second perforated rings 122, 124 may be attached to the inner wall of the proppant silo 1 10 by welding and/or by one or more support members, such as brackets 123.
  • the perforations of the first and/or second perforated rings 122, 124 may be about 0.1 inches in diameter or less to prevent plugging by the proppant in the proppant silo 1 10.
  • the weight of the proppant within the proppant silo 1 10 is sufficient to prevent the proppant from being pumped out of the proppant silo 1 10 through the exhaust line 155.
  • the gaseous nitrogen pumped through the proppant silo 1 10 may have a purity of 99.9% or better.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic illustration of the proppant drying system 100.
  • the system 100 includes a storage tank 210 containing liquid nitrogen that flows to a cryogenic pump 230 via line 220 and into a vaporizing unit 250 via line 240 where the liquid nitrogen is vaporized and heated into gaseous nitrogen.
  • the gaseous nitrogen is discharged from the vaporizing unit 250 via line 260 and flows into the proppant silo 1 10 via lines 135, 145 in accordance with Figures 1 and 2.
  • the gaseous nitrogen and any absorbed and/or entrained moisture are exhausted from the proppant silo 1 10 via line 155 through control valve 150, which maintains a back pressure within the proppant silo 1 10.
  • the cryogenic components of the system 200 may be made of material resistant to low temperatures. Such materials include, but are not limited to, carbon steel, stainless steel, nickel, Inconel, and austenitic stainless steel.
  • the vaporizing unit 150 may be a direct fired unit, an indirect heated unit, an exhaust heat recovery unit, or an ambient unit.
  • a method of dehydrating proppant comprises pressurizing a proppant silo that is filled with proppant, injecting gaseous nitrogen into the proppant silo, and exhausting the gaseous nitrogen and moisture from the proppant silo to dehydrate the proppant to a bone-dry condition, while maintaining a back pressure within the proppant silo.
  • the proppant may be graded sand or man-made ceramics.
  • the proppant silo may be rated up to 450 psi working pressure.
  • the gaseous nitrogen may have a purity of 99.9% or better.
  • the method may further comprise gasifying liquid nitrogen contained in a liquid nitrogen storage tank by pumping the liquid nitrogen through a vaporizing unit for injection into the proppant silo.
  • the vaporizing unit may be a direct fired unit, an indirect heated unit, an exhaust heat recovery unit, or an ambient unit.
  • the method may further comprise pumping gaseous nitrogen into an injection system disposed within the proppant silo to inject the gaseous nitrogen into the proppant silo.
  • the injection system may comprise a first perforated ring and a second perforated ring each coupled to the proppant silo. Perforations formed in the first and second perforated rings may be 0.1 inches or less in diameter.
  • the first and second perforated rings may be coated with an erosion resistant coating.
  • the erosion resistant coating may comprise a tungsten coating, a diamond coating, or a ceramic coating.
  • the method may further comprise mixing the proppant when in the bone- dry condition with a stimulation fluid.
  • the stimulation fluid may be a low temperature waterless hydraulic fracturing fluid.
  • the method may further comprise generating a high quality nitrogen foam with the stimulation fluid and the proppant.
  • the method may further comprise injecting the high quality nitrogen foam with the stimulation fluid and the proppant into a hydrocarbon bearing reservoir to fracture the hydrocarbon bearing reservoir.
  • the method may further comprise monitoring the water content and temperature of the gaseous nitrogen and moisture exhausted from the proppant silo to indicate when the proppant is in the bone-dry condition.
  • the method may further comprise controlling flow of the proppant when in the bone-dry condition out of the proppant silo and into a stimulation fluid stream.
  • the method may further comprise injection gaseous nitrogen into the proppant silo while the proppant flows out of the proppant silo to maintain a positive pressure within the proppant silo.
  • the method may further comprise closing a control valve via a control system to stop injection of gaseous nitrogen into the proppant silo, and closing another control valve via the control system to stop flow of exhaust out of the proppant silo.
  • the method may further comprise opening another control valve via the control system to allow the proppant to flow out of the proppant silo when in the bone-dry condition.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de déshydratation d'agent de soutènement par pressurisation d'un silo d'agent de soutènement qui est rempli d'agent de soutènement et injection d'azote gazeux dans le silo d'agent de soutènement pour évacuer l'humidité du silo d'agent de soutènement jusqu'à ce que l'agent de soutènement soit dans une condition anhydre tout en maintenant une contre-pression à l'intérieur du silo d'agent de soutènement.
PCT/US2017/019619 2017-02-27 2017-02-27 Système et procédé de séchage d'agent de soutenement WO2018156161A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2017/019619 WO2018156161A1 (fr) 2017-02-27 2017-02-27 Système et procédé de séchage d'agent de soutenement

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2017/019619 WO2018156161A1 (fr) 2017-02-27 2017-02-27 Système et procédé de séchage d'agent de soutenement

Publications (1)

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WO2018156161A1 true WO2018156161A1 (fr) 2018-08-30

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PCT/US2017/019619 WO2018156161A1 (fr) 2017-02-27 2017-02-27 Système et procédé de séchage d'agent de soutenement

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060243437A1 (en) * 2005-04-29 2006-11-02 Blair Albers Method for fracture stimulating well bores
CN201885591U (zh) * 2011-01-13 2011-06-29 巩义市天祥耐材有限公司 一种油田压裂支撑剂烧结窑的余热回收烘干设备
US20140174747A1 (en) * 2012-12-21 2014-06-26 Richard M. Kelly System and Apparatus for Creating a Liquid Carbon Dioxide Fracturing Fluid
WO2015030908A2 (fr) * 2013-08-30 2015-03-05 Praxair Technology, Inc. Système de régulation et appareil d'alimentation en fluide de fracturation non aqueux
WO2016064645A1 (fr) * 2014-10-22 2016-04-28 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Fluides de stimulation de liquides de gaz naturel de qualité y, systèmes et procédé correspondant
US20160280607A1 (en) * 2013-05-02 2016-09-29 Melior Innovations, Inc. Methods of manufacturing polymer derived ceramic particles.

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060243437A1 (en) * 2005-04-29 2006-11-02 Blair Albers Method for fracture stimulating well bores
CN201885591U (zh) * 2011-01-13 2011-06-29 巩义市天祥耐材有限公司 一种油田压裂支撑剂烧结窑的余热回收烘干设备
US20140174747A1 (en) * 2012-12-21 2014-06-26 Richard M. Kelly System and Apparatus for Creating a Liquid Carbon Dioxide Fracturing Fluid
US20160280607A1 (en) * 2013-05-02 2016-09-29 Melior Innovations, Inc. Methods of manufacturing polymer derived ceramic particles.
WO2015030908A2 (fr) * 2013-08-30 2015-03-05 Praxair Technology, Inc. Système de régulation et appareil d'alimentation en fluide de fracturation non aqueux
WO2016064645A1 (fr) * 2014-10-22 2016-04-28 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Fluides de stimulation de liquides de gaz naturel de qualité y, systèmes et procédé correspondant

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