WO2018155795A1

WO2018155795A1 - Communication device using uca antenna including dual polarization antenna

Info

Publication number: WO2018155795A1
Application number: PCT/KR2017/014405
Authority: WO
Inventors: 길계태; 이주용; 조동호
Original assignee: 한국과학기술원
Priority date: 2017-02-23
Filing date: 2017-12-08
Publication date: 2018-08-30

Abstract

Disclosed is a communication device using a UCA antenna including a dual polarization antenna. A transmitter according to one embodiment comprises: a modulator for performing OAM modulation on first signals and second signals; an H-pol UCA antenna including a plurality of horizontal polarization antennas for transmitting the OAM-modulated first signals; and a V-pol UCA antenna including a plurality of vertical polarization antennas for transmitting the OAM-modulated second signals.

Description

Communication device using UCA antenna with dual polarized antenna

Embodiments below relate to a communication device using a UCA antenna that includes a dual polarization antenna.

Electromagnetic waves may have momentum of linear momentum, orbital angular momentum (OAM), and spin angular momentum (SAM).

Among the momentum of the full wave, the OAM can be transmitted and preserved to a long distance by the law of conservation of momentum, and it is theoretically possible to transmit infinite modes without interference even in a line-of-sight (LOS) environment. There is a growing interest in this technology, with reports reported in the field of millimeter wave and light beam communications.

The study of OAM technology in radio communication was carried out by researchers at the University of PADOVA in Italy in 2012, the first two modes using a spiral phase plate (SPP) antenna and a Yaki antenna at a distance of 445 m. Attention is drawn to the fact that it has been reported to have successfully executed and transmitted data. Subsequently, wireless simulations and mathematical analysis have demonstrated that it can be realized using uniform circular array (UCA) antennas to generate OAM signals. It became.

According to an embodiment, a transmission apparatus includes a modulator for performing OAM modulation on first and second signals, and a plurality of horizontally polarized antennas for transmitting the OAM modulated first signals. an H-pol uniform circular array antenna including a horizontal polarized antenna, and a V-pol UCA antenna including a plurality of vertical polarized antennas transmitting OAM modulated second signals. .

The number of the first signals and the number of the second signals may be the same.

The number of the plurality of horizontally polarized antennas may be greater than or equal to the number of the first signals.

The number of the plurality of vertically polarized antennas may be greater than or equal to the number of the second signals.

The radius of the H-pol UCA antenna and the radius of the V-pol UCA antenna may be the same.

The H-pol UCA antenna transmits the OAM modulated first signals through a first channel that is determined based on a line-of-sight (LoS) path and a propagation path. The V-pol UCA antenna may transmit the OAM modulated second signals through a second channel determined based on the visible line path and the propagation path.

The first channel includes a channel between the H-pol UCA antenna and the receive H-pol UCA antenna, and a channel between the H-pol UCA antenna and the receive V-pol UCA antenna, and the second channel includes: And a channel between the V-pol UCA antenna and the receiving H-pol UCA antenna, and a channel between the V-pol UCA antenna and the receiving V-pol UCA antenna.

The H-pol UCA antenna transmits the OAM modulated first signals to the receive H-pol UCA antenna and the receive V-pol UCA antenna, and the V-pol UCA antenna comprises the receive H-pol UCA antenna. And transmit the OAM modulated second signals to the receiving V-pol UCA antenna.

The apparatus may further include a spreading module that performs intermode spreading on the first signals and the second signals.

The spreading module may perform the intermode spreading using a unitary matrix of m * m, and m may be the sum of the number of the first signals and the number of the second signals.

In one embodiment, a receiving apparatus includes an H-pol UCA antenna including a plurality of horizontally polarized antennas for receiving third signals, a V-pol UCA antenna including a plurality of vertically polarized antennas for transmitting fourth signals, And a demodulator for performing OAM demodulation on the third signals and the fourth signals.

The apparatus may further include a signal detector for detecting a transmission signal using the Least Square Method (LSM) on the OAM demodulated third signals and the OAM demodulated fourth signals. .

The third signals and the fourth signals may be transmitted from a transmit H-pol UCA antenna including a plurality of horizontally polarized antennas and a transmit V-pol UCA antenna including a plurality of vertically polarized antennas.

The number of third signals and the number of fourth signals may be the same.

1 illustrates a block diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the transmission apparatus shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a structural diagram for explaining an H-pol UCA antenna shown in FIG. 2.

4 is a structural diagram for explaining the V-pol UCA antenna shown in FIG.

5 is a structural diagram illustrating a case where the diameters of the H-pol UCA antenna and the V-pol UCA antenna are the same.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating the receiving apparatus shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 7 is a structural diagram for explaining an H-pol UCA antenna shown in FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 is a structural diagram for explaining a V-pol UCA antenna shown in FIG. 6.

9 is a structural diagram for explaining the case where the diameters of the H-pol UCA antenna and the V-pol UCA antenna are the same.

10 is a structural diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment.

11 is a block diagram illustrating a transmission apparatus according to an embodiment.

12 shows an example of a simulation result.

13A shows another example of the simulation result.

13B shows another example of the simulation result.

14 shows another example of the simulation result.

15A shows another example of the simulation result.

15B shows another example of the simulation result.

16A shows another example of the simulation result.

16B shows another example of the simulation result.

17 shows another example of simulation results.

18A shows another example of the simulation result.

18B shows another example of the simulation result.

19 shows another example of simulation results.

20 shows another example of simulation results.

21 shows another example of simulation results.

Specific structural or functional descriptions of the embodiments according to the inventive concept disclosed herein are merely illustrated for the purpose of describing the embodiments according to the inventive concept, and the embodiments according to the inventive concept. These may be embodied in various forms and are not limited to the embodiments described herein.

Embodiments according to the inventive concept may be variously modified and have various forms, so embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail herein. However, this is not intended to limit the embodiments in accordance with the concept of the present invention to specific embodiments, and includes modifications, equivalents, or substitutes included in the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Terms such as first or second may be used to describe various components, but the components should not be limited by the terms. The terms are only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another component, for example, without departing from the scope of the rights according to the inventive concept, the first component may be called a second component, Similarly, the second component may also be referred to as the first component.

When a component is said to be “connected” or “connected” to another component, it may be directly connected to or connected to that other component, but it may be understood that other components may be present in the middle. Should be. On the other hand, when a component is said to be "directly connected" or "directly connected" to another component, it should be understood that there is no other component in between. Expressions that describe the relationship between components, such as "between" and "immediately between," or "directly neighboring to," should be interpreted as well.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In this specification, the terms “comprise” or “have” are intended to designate that the stated feature, number, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof exists, but includes one or more other features or numbers, It is to be understood that it does not exclude in advance the possibility of the presence or addition of steps, actions, components, parts or combinations thereof.

Unless defined otherwise, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. Terms such as those defined in the commonly used dictionaries should be construed as having meanings consistent with the meanings in the context of the related art, and are not construed in ideal or excessively formal meanings unless expressly defined herein. Do not.

A module in the present specification may mean hardware capable of performing functions and operations according to each name described in the present specification, and may mean computer program code capable of performing specific functions and operations. Or an electronic recording medium, for example, a processor or a microprocessor, in which computer program code capable of performing specific functions and operations is mounted.

In other words, a module may mean a functional and / or structural combination of hardware for performing the technical idea of the present invention and / or software for driving the hardware.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the scope of the patent application is not limited or limited by these embodiments. Like reference numerals in the drawings denote like elements.

Referring to FIG. 1, a communication system 10 includes a transmitting device 100 and a receiving device 200. The transmitting device 100 may transmit a signal to the receiving device 200 through a channel.

The transmission device 100 may include a dual polarized uniform circular array (UCA) antenna. For example, the transmission device 100 may include a horizontally polarized UCA antenna (H-pol UCA antenna) and a vertically polarized UCA antenna (V-pol UCA antenna). Can be. In this case, the H-pol UCA antenna may include a plurality of horizontally polarized antennas along the array. In addition, the V-pol UCA antenna may include a plurality of vertically polarized antennas along the array. The transmitter 100 may increase a transmission distance of a signal by using a dual polarized UCA antenna.

The receiving device 200 may have the same structure as the transmitting device 100. For example, the reception device 200 may include a dual polarization UCA antenna like the transmission device 100. That is, the receiving device 200 may include an H-pol UCA antenna including a plurality of horizontally polarized antennas and a V-pol UCA antenna including a plurality of vertically polarized antennas.

2 to 10 are diagrams for describing the communication system shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the transmission apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a structural diagram illustrating the H-pol UCA antenna illustrated in FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 is a V-pol UCA illustrated in FIG. 2. It is a structural diagram for demonstrating an antenna.

1 to 4, the transmission apparatus 100 includes a modulator 110, an H-pol UCA antenna 120, and a V-pol UCA antenna 130.

The modulator 110 may perform OAM modulation (Orbital Angular Momentum modulation) on the signals to be transmitted. The signals to be transmitted are the first signals (

) And second signals (

) May be included. First signals (

) And second signals (

) May include a symbol. In this case, the first signals (

) And the second signals (

) May be equal to N. That is, the modulator 110 may perform OAM modulation on 2N signals.

The modulator 110 may perform OAM modulation based on Equation 1.

here,

Are the first signals to be transmitted,

Are the second signals to be transmitted,

Are OAM modulated first signals,

Are OAM modulated second signals,

Is the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) matrix of N * N associated with the transmit side vertical polarization,

Is the Discrete Fourier Transform matrix of N * N associated with the transmitting side horizontal polarization,

Is

Index set of columns to use for signal transmission in,

Is

Index set of columns to use for signal transmission in.

The modulator 110 is configured for OAM modulated first signals (

) May be output to the H-pol UCA antenna 120. In addition, the modulator 110 performs OAM modulated second signals (

) May be output to the V-pol UCA antenna 130.

The H-pol UCA antenna 120 has a radius of R _{TX, h} and may include a plurality of H-pol antennas. In this case, the number of the plurality of H-pol antennas is the first signal (

May be greater than or equal to That is, the number of the plurality of H-pol antennas may be N or more. For example, the plurality of H-pol antennas may include a first H-pol antenna 120-1, a second H-pol antenna 120-2, a third H-pol antenna 120-3, and a fourth H-pol antenna 120-1. H-pol antenna 120-4 may be included.

H-pol UCA antenna 120 is OAM modulated first signals (

) May be transmitted to the receiving device 200 through a channel.

The V-pol UCA antenna 130 has a radius of R _{TX, v} and may include a plurality of V-pol antennas. In this case, the number of the plurality of V-pol antennas may correspond to the second signals (

May be greater than or equal to That is, the number of the plurality of V-pol antennas may be N or more. For example, the plurality of V-pol antennas may include a first V-pol antenna 130-1, a second V-pol antenna 130-2, a third V-pol antenna 130-3, and a fourth V-pol antenna 130-1. It may include a V-pol antenna 130-4.

V-pol UCA antenna 130 is OAM modulated second signals (

) May be transmitted to the receiving device 200 through a channel.

In FIG. 3, for convenience of description, the H-pol UCA antenna 120 is illustrated as including four H-pol antennas, but is not necessarily limited thereto and may include a plurality of H-pol antennas according to an embodiment. Can be.

In addition, although FIG. 4 illustrates that the V-pol UCA antenna 130 includes four V-pol antennas for convenience of description, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and a plurality of V-pol antennas may be provided according to an embodiment. It may include.

Referring to FIG. 5, the transmission apparatus 300 according to an embodiment may include an H-pol UCA antenna and a V-pol UCA antenna on a circular array. In this case, the radius of the circular array may be R _TX . That is, the radius of the H-pol UCA antenna and V-pol UCA antenna may be the same as R _TX .

The H-pol UCA antenna may include a plurality of H-pol antennas. For example, the H-pol UCA antenna may include a first H-pol antenna 140-1, a second H-pol antenna 140-2, a third H-pol antenna 140-3, and a fourth H. -pol antenna 140-4. The first H-pol antenna 140-1, the second H-pol antenna 140-2, the third H-pol antenna 140-3, and the fourth H-pol antenna 140-4 are OAMs. The modulated first signals may be transmitted.

In addition, the V-pol UCA antenna may include a plurality of V-pol antennas. For example, the V-pol UCA antenna may include a first V-pol antenna 150-1, a second V-pol antenna 150-2, a third V-pol antenna 150-3, and a fourth V-pol antenna. -pol antenna 150-4. The first V-pol antenna 150-1, the second V-pol antenna 150-2, the third V-pol antenna 150-3, and the fourth V-pol antenna 150-4 are OAMs. The modulated second signals may be transmitted.

In FIG. 5, for convenience of description, the H-pol UCA antenna includes four H-pol antennas, and the V-pol UCA antenna includes four V-pol antennas, but is not limited thereto. According to an embodiment, the number of H-pol antennas and the number of V-pol antennas may be different. In addition, although FIG. 5 illustrates an arrangement in which the H-pol antenna and the V-pol antenna are arranged to cross each other, it is obvious that the H-pol antenna and the V-pol antenna may be arranged freely according to the number of antennas.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating the receiving apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1, FIG. 7 is a structural diagram illustrating the H-pol UCA antenna illustrated in FIG. 6, and FIG. 8 is a V-pol UCA illustrated in FIG. 6. It is a structural diagram for demonstrating an antenna.

1 and 6 to 8, the receiver 200 includes an H-pol UCA antenna 210, a V-pol UCA antenna 220, and a demodulator 230.

H-pol UCA antenna 210 is a third signal (

) Can be received. Third signals (

) May be signals transmitted from a transmit H-pol UCA antenna including a plurality of horizontally polarized antennas and a transmit V-pol UCA antenna including a plurality of vertically polarized antennas.

The H-pol UCA antenna 210 has a radius of R _{RX, h} and may include a plurality of H-pol antennas. At this time, the number of the plurality of H-pol antennas is the third signal (

May be greater than or equal to That is, the number of the plurality of H-pol antennas may be N or more. For example, the plurality of H-pol antennas may include a first H-pol antenna 210-1, a second H-pol antenna 210-2, a third H-pol antenna 210-3, and a fourth H-pol antenna 210-1. H-pol antenna 210-4 may be included.

The H-pol UCA antenna 210 receives the received third signals (

) May be output to the demodulator 230.

The V-pol UCA antenna 220 includes fourth signals (

) Can be received. Fourth signals (

The V-pol UCA antenna 220 has a radius of R _{RX, v} and may include a plurality of V-pol antennas. In this case, the number of the plurality of V-pol antennas corresponds to the fourth signals (

May be greater than or equal to That is, the number of the plurality of V-pol antennas may be N or more. For example, the plurality of V-pol antennas may include a first V-pol antenna 220-1, a second V-pol antenna 220-2, a third V-pol antenna 220-3, and a fourth V-pol antenna 220-1. It may include a V-pol antenna 220-4.

The V-pol UCA antenna 220 receives the fourth signals (

) May be output to the demodulator 230.

The demodulator 230 receives the received third signals (

) And the fourth signals (

OAM demodulation (OAM) demodulation can be performed. At this time, the third signals (

) And the fourth signals (

) May be equal to N. That is, the demodulator 230 may perform OAM demodulation on 2N signals.

The demodulator 230 may perform OAM demodulation based on Equation 2.

here,

Are the third signals received,

Are the fourth signals received,

Are OAM demodulated third signals,

Are OAM demodulated fourth signals,

Is the discrete Fourier transform matrix of N * N associated with the receiving vertical polarization (

Hermitian matrix of

Is the discrete Fourier transform matrix of N * N associated with the receiving side horizontal polarization (

Is the Hermit matrix, and S _v is

Is the index set of the column to use for OAM demodulation in, where S _h is

Index set of columns to use for OAM demodulation in.

In FIG. 7, for convenience of description, the H-pol UCA antenna 210 is illustrated as including four H-pol antennas, but is not necessarily limited thereto, and may include a plurality of H-pol antennas according to an embodiment. Can be.

In addition, although FIG. 8 illustrates that the V-pol UCA antenna 220 includes four V-pol antennas for convenience of description, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and a plurality of V-pol antennas may be provided according to an embodiment. It may include.

Referring to FIG. 9, the receiving apparatus 400 according to an embodiment may include an H-pol UCA antenna and a V-pol UCA antenna on a circular array. In this case, the radius of the circular array may be R _RX . That is, the radius of the H-pol UCA antenna and V-pol UCA antenna may be equal to R _RX .

The H-pol UCA antenna may include a plurality of H-pol antennas. For example, the H-pol UCA antenna may include a first H-pol antenna 240-1, a second H-pol antenna 240-2, a third H-pol antenna 240-3, and a fourth H-pol antenna. It may include a -pol antenna (240-4). The first H-pol antenna 240-1, the second H-pol antenna 240-2, the third H-pol antenna 240-3, and the fourth H-pol antenna 240-4 are formed of the first H-pol antenna 240-1. One signal may be received and output to the demodulator.

In addition, the V-pol UCA antenna may include a plurality of V-pol antennas. For example, the V-pol UCA antenna may include a first V-pol antenna 250-1, a second V-pol antenna 250-2, a third V-pol antenna 250-3, and a fourth V-pol antenna. -pol antenna 250-4. The first V-pol antenna 250-1, the second V-pol antenna 250-2, the third V-pol antenna 250-3, and the fourth V-pol antenna 250-4 are made of 4 signals can be received and output to the demodulator.

In FIG. 9, for convenience of description, the H-pol UCA antenna includes four H-pol antennas, and the V-pol UCA antenna includes four V-pol antennas, but is not necessarily limited thereto. According to an embodiment, the number of H-pol antennas and the number of V-pol antennas may be different. In addition, although FIG. 9 illustrates an arrangement in which the H-pol antenna and the V-pol antenna are arranged to cross each other, it is obvious that the H-pol antenna may be arranged freely according to the number of antennas.

Referring to FIG. 10, a communication system 20 according to an embodiment includes a transmitting device 500 and a receiving device 600.

The transmitting device 500 includes a modulator 510 and a dual polarization UCA antenna. For example, the dual polarized UCA antenna may include a transmit H-pol UCA antenna 520 and a transmit V-pol UCA antenna 530.

The modulator 510 may perform OAM modulation on signals to be transmitted. The signals to be transmitted are the first signals (

) And second signals (

) May be included. In this case, the first signals (

) And the second signals (

The modulator 510 may perform OAM modulation based on Equation 1.

The modulator 510 is configured for OAM modulated first signals (

) May be output to the transmit H-pol UCA antenna 520. In addition, the modulator 510 may perform OAM modulated second signals (

) May be output to the transmit V-pol UCA antenna 530.

The transmit H-pol UCA antenna 520 has a radius of R _{TX, h} and may include a plurality of transmit H-pol antennas. In this case, the number of the plurality of transmit H-pol antennas is the first signal (

May be greater than or equal to That is, the number of the plurality of transmit H-pol antennas may be N or more. For example, the plurality of transmit H-pol antennas may include a first transmit H-pol antenna 520-1, a second transmit H-pol antenna 520-2, and a third transmit H-pol antenna 520-3. And a fourth transmit H-pol antenna 520-4.

The transmit H-pol UCA antenna 520 performs OAM modulated first signals (

) May be transmitted to the receiving device 600 through a channel.

The transmit V-pol UCA antenna 530 has a radius of R _{TX, v} and may include a plurality of transmit V-pol antennas. According to an embodiment, the radius of the transmitting H-pol UCA antenna 520 and the radius of the transmitting V-pol UCA antenna 530 may be implemented in the same manner. In this case, the number of the plurality of transmit V-pol antennas may correspond to the second signals (

May be greater than or equal to That is, the number of transmit V-pol antennas may be N or more. For example, the plurality of transmit V-pol antennas may include a first transmit V-pol antenna 530-1, a second transmit V-pol antenna 530-2, and a third transmit V-pol antenna 530-3. And a fourth transmit V-pol antenna 530-4.

The transmit V-pol UCA antenna 530 is OAM modulated second signals (

) May be transmitted to the receiving device 600 through a channel.

The first signals and the second signals transmitted by the transmitting device 500 may be received by the receiving device 600 as third signals or fourth signals through a line-of-sight channel. At this time, the LoS channel between the transmitting device 500 and the receiving device 600

Can be defined as That is, the LoS channel H may include a component of the complex number C. In this case, K represents the number of receiving UCA antennas, and M represents the number of transmitting UCA antennas. That is, K is the sum of the number of transmit H-pol UCA antennas 520 and the number of transmit V-pol UCA antennas 530, and M is the number of receive H-pol UCA antennas 610 and the receive V-pol. The number of UCA antennas 620 may be the sum of the numbers.

In the LoS channel H, the channel component between the m th transmit antenna and the k th receive antenna may be as shown in Equation 3 below.

here,

Is a channel component between the m th transmit antenna and the k th receive antenna,

Equation 4 is a parameter reflecting propagation characteristics experienced by the radiation pattern of the propagation path p (k, m) between the mth transmit antenna and the kth receive antenna. Is the same as

Equation 8 may be represented by Equation 8 as a displacement of a gain / phase of a signal by a distance of a visible path between a mth transmit antenna and a kth receive antenna.

here,

Is a component of the radiation pattern of the k-th reception antenna for the signal between the m-th transmission antenna and the k-th reception antenna,

Equation 6 is a component of a radiation pattern of an m th transmit antenna for a signal between an m th transmit antenna and a k th receive antenna.

May be the same as Equation 7.

here,

Is the vertically polarized component of the radiation pattern of the kth receive antenna for the signal between the mth transmit antenna and the kth receive antenna,

May be the horizontally polarized component of the radiation pattern of the k-th receive antenna for the signal between the m-th transmit antenna and the k-th receive antenna.

here,

Is the vertically polarized component of the radiation pattern of the m th transmit antenna for the signal between the m th transmit antenna and the k th receive antenna,

May be the horizontal polarization component of the radiation pattern of the m th transmit antenna for the signal between the m th transmit antenna and the k th receive antenna.

here,

Is the vertical cross polarization discrimination (XPD) of the line of sight (LoS path) between the mth transmit antenna and the kth receive antenna,

Is the horizontal cross-polarization identification (horizontal XPD) of the line of sight (LoS path) between the mth transmit antenna and the kth receive antenna,

May be a co-polarization ratio (CPR) of the line of sight path (LoS path) between the mth transmit antenna and the kth receive antenna.

here,

Is the wavelength of the signal,

May be a distance of a line of sight path (LoS path) between the m th transmit antenna and the k th receive antenna.

In addition, equation (4)

Using average and deviation for all transmit antennas and all receive antennas.

In Equation 3,

May be expressed as in Equation 9. Equation 9 may be expressed as a vector as in Equation 10.

here,

Is the average,

May be a deviation.

here,

Is

It may be a residual defined as. At this time,

Since circulant has a circular characteristic, Equation 10 may be expressed as Equation 11.

here,

Is the receiving Discrete Fourier Transform matrix (DFT matrix),

Is the Hermitian matrix of the transmitting Discrete Fourier Transform matrix (DFT matrix),

May be a diagonal matrix.

In Equation 2

And

Associated with,

In Equation 1

And

May be associated with

OAM modulated first signals (

) And OAM modulated second signals (

) Pass through the LoS channel (H) to the third signals (

) Or fourth signals (

) May be propagated to the receiving device 600. At this time, the OAM modulated first signals (

) And OAM modulated second signals (

) And the third signals (

) And the fourth signals (

) Can be expressed as a vector as shown in Equation (12).

here,

Is the third signals (

) And the fourth signals (

)as

ego,

OAM modulated first signals (

) And OAM modulated second signals (

)as

ego,

Is a LoS channel

ego,

Is an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN)

Can be.

At this time,

Is a K * M matrix and may refer to a channel between the transmitting V-pol UCA antenna 530 and the receiving V-pol UCA antenna 620.

Is a K * M matrix and may mean a channel between the transmitting V-pol UCA antenna 530 and the receiving H-pol UCA antenna 610.

Is a K * M matrix and may refer to a channel between the transmitting H-pol UCA antenna 520 and the receiving V-pol UCA antenna 620.

Is a K * M matrix, and may refer to a channel between the transmitting H-pol UCA antenna 520 and the receiving H-pol UCA antenna 610.

The receiving device 600 includes a dual polarized UCA antenna, a demodulator 630, and a signal detector 640. For example, the dual polarized UCA antenna may include a receive H-pol UCA antenna 610 and a receive V-pol UCA antenna 620.

Receive H-pol UCA antenna 610 is configured to provide the third signals (

) Can be received. Third signals (

) May be signals transmitted from a transmit H-pol UCA antenna 520 including a plurality of transmit H-pol antennas and a transmit V-pol UCA antenna 530 including a plurality of transmit V-pol antennas.

The receiving H-pol UCA antenna 610 has a radius R _{RX, h} and may include a plurality of receiving H-pol antennas. In this case, the number of the plurality of receive H-pol antennas is determined by the third signals (

May be greater than or equal to That is, the number of the plurality of receive H-pol antennas may be N or more. For example, the plurality of receive H-pol antennas may include a first receive H-pol antenna 610-1, a second receive H-pol antenna 610-2, and a third receive H-pol antenna 610-3. And a fourth receive H-pol antenna 610-4.

The receiving H-pol UCA antenna 610 receives the received third signals (

) May be output to the demodulator 630.

Receiving V-pol UCA antenna 620 is a fourth signal (

) Can be received. Fourth signals (

The receiving V-pol UCA antenna 620 has a radius of R _{RX, v} and may include a plurality of receiving V-pol antennas. According to an embodiment, the radius of the receiving H-pol UCA antenna 610 and the radius of the receiving V-pol UCA antenna 620 may be equally implemented. At this time, the number of the plurality of receiving V-pol antennas is the fourth signals (

May be greater than or equal to That is, the number of the plurality of receive V-pol antennas may be N or more. For example, the plurality of receive V-pol antennas may include a first receive V-pol antenna 620-1, a second receive V-pol antenna 620-2, and a third receive V-pol antenna 620-3. And a fourth receiving V-pol antenna 620-4.

The receiving V-pol UCA antenna 620 receives the received fourth signals (

) May be output to the demodulator 630.

The demodulator 630 receives the received third signals (

) And the fourth signals (

) May be equal to N. That is, the demodulator 630 may perform OAM demodulation on 2N signals.

The demodulator 630 and the signal detector 640 are connected to the third signals (

) And the fourth signals (

From the first signals (

) And second signals (

) May be as follows.

In the case of the definition shown in Equation 13, Equation 12 may be expressed as Equation 14.

here,

May be a matrix defined by Equation 13.

Derivation of

Equations

15 and 16 from Equation 11 and substituting Equation 14 may be performed as in Equation 17.

In this case, Equation 18 may be derived by using Equations 2 and 17.

here,

ego,

Can be. In other words,

Wow

If we know the estimate for, then the third signals (

) And the fourth signals (

From the first signals (

) And second signals (

) Can be calculated.

The signal detector 640 may detect a transmission signal using a Least Square Method (LSM) as shown in Equation 19. The transmission signal is detected first signals (

) And detected second signals (

May be).

here,

Are detected first signals and detected second signals, F is equal to Equation 20 as the modulation matrix, and W may be equal to Equation 21 as the demodulation matrix.

Wow

If is small, the signal detector 640 may separate the equation (19) into equation (22) and equation (23) to detect the transmission signal.

Referring to FIG. 11, a transmission apparatus 700 according to an embodiment includes a spreading module 710, a modulator 720, an H-pol UCA antenna 730, and a V-pol UCA antenna 740. It includes. The transmitting device 700 may transmit a signal to the receiving device 200. The signal may include a symbol.

The modulator 720, H-pol UCA antenna 730, and V-pol UCA antenna 740 shown in FIG. 11 are the modulator 110, H-pol UCA antenna 120, and V shown in FIG. Configuration and operation of the -pol UCA antenna 130 may be substantially the same. That is, the transmitting device 700 may further include a spreading module 710 in comparison with the transmitting device 100.

The spreading module 710 receives the first signals (

) And second signals (

), Intermode spreading can be performed. For example, the spreading module 710 may perform intermode spreading using a unitary matrix of m * m. In this case, all components of the unitary matrix used by the spreading module 710 may be non-zero. In addition, m is the first signal (

) And the second signals (

Can be the sum of That is, N first signals (

) And N second signals (

M may be equal to 2N.

The spreading module 710 may output the intermode spread signals to the modulator 720.

In the transmitting device 700, OAM modulated first signals transmitted through the H-pol UCA antenna 730 (

) And OAM modulated second signals transmitted via V-pol UCA antenna 740 (

) May all share the same channel.

Accordingly, when Equation 1 is applied to the transmitting apparatus 700, Equation 1 may be expressed as Equation 24.

here,

Is N * N as the first signals (

Is a unitary matrix that performs intermode spreading for

Is N * N and the second signals (

) May be a unitary matrix that performs intermode spreading. That is, the unitary matrix of m * m of the spreading module 710 may be expressed by Equation 25.

Accordingly, the signal detector in the reception apparatus 200 may detect the transmission signal using Equation 26.

The transmitting device 700 may determine the first signals (

) And second signals (

By performing intermode spreading, the interference can be minimized and the transmission distance can be increased. In addition, by using the H-pol UCA antenna 730 and V-pol UCA antenna 740 to transmit the N _mod / 2 modes through the low OAM mode, respectively, at a low error rate at the same transmission distance It is possible to transmit a larger number of OAM modes.

12 shows an example of the simulation result, FIG. 13A shows another example of the simulation result, and FIG. 13B shows another example of the simulation result.

12 to 13B, the effectiveness of the dual polarized UCA OAM technology may be analyzed.

A. Simulation Model

In the simulation, a half-wavelength dipole UCA antenna having a radiation pattern as shown in FIG. 4 was used. The mathematic expressions of the radiation patterns of this half-wavelength dipole antenna can be expressed by Equations 27 and 28.

here,

ego,

Denotes the slant from the z-axis in the vertical ZX plane.

The transmitting UCA and the receiving UCA used in the simulation both have the same eight v-pol and eight h-pol antenna elements, as shown in Figs. 13A and 13B, and the radius is 30 λ. For H-pol, it is more preferable to use slot antenna to mitigate the interference between polarizations, but to examine the interference effect between polarization domains, a dipole antenna with 90 degrees of dipole antenna clockwise instead of slot antenna is used.

14 shows another example of the simulation result.

Referring to FIG. 14, the effectiveness of the dual polarized UCA OAM technology may be analyzed.

B. Spectral efficiency

It shows the maximum spectral efficiency according to the TR distance (transmit-receive distance) that can be obtained under SNR = 20 dB. In this case, the TR distance may be equal to the distance of the LoS path. In FIG. 14, the spectral efficiency of the UCA OAM has a maximum value at Rayleigh distance d _R (Rayleigh distance is

We can see that the TR distance monotonously decreases as it increases above the Rayleigh distance. On the other hand, in the case of Dual-polarized UCA OAM is a spectral efficiency that has a maximum at the 2 d _R TR distance is the spectral efficiency, while increases in the 2 d _R to 10 d _R is reduced by approximately 11.7 bps / Hz in the conventional UCA OAM The reduction is less than 0.55 times lower than the reduction by about 21.2 bps / Hz.

Unlike the spectral efficiency of the conventional UCA OAM method having the maximum value at d _R , the spectral efficiency of the dual-polarized UCA OAM has the maximum value at 2 d _R. Means improvement by more than twice.

15A and 15B show another example of the simulation result.

15A and 15B, the effectiveness of the dual polarized UCA OAM technology may be analyzed.

C. E-field intensity of OAM states

The modes transmitted in the zero-degree slanted transmit UCA and the modes transmitted in the 90-degree slanted transmit UCA are plotted with the V-pol and H-pol components of the E-field intensity at 500 m from the transmitter.

FIG. 15A shows that the v-pol component of the signals transmitted in the zero-degree slanted UCA is received larger than the h-pol component, which is v with

modes

0, 1, -1 received in the zero-degree slanted UCA. The -pol signal means that the interference of the h-pol signal is small.

FIG. 15B shows that the h-pol component of the signals transmitted in the 90-degree slanted UCA is received relatively stronger than the v-pol component, which shows

modes

0, 1 and -1 received in the 90-degree slanted receiving UCA. This means that the h-pol signal has a smaller interference with the v-pol signal.

16A and 16B show another example of the simulation result.

16A and 16B, the effectiveness of the dual polarized UCA OAM technology may be analyzed.

D. Decoding performance

Six 64-QAM signals are transmitted through six OAM modes, and the signal constellation is plotted after receiving and equalizing the signals.

In FIG. 16A, the conventional single polarized UCA system may receive three modes among the six modes with a low SER, whereas the dual polarized UCA system may receive all six modes of signals with a low SER from FIG. 16B. It can be seen.

17 shows another example of simulation results.

Referring to FIG. 17, a change in SER according to SNR is plotted. In the conventional single-polarized UCA OAM, the error floor according to SNR is clearly observed, whereas the dual-polarized UCA OAM technology shows that the SER decreases by 1/100 times when the SNR is increased by 10 dB.

18A and 18B show another example of the simulation result, and FIG. 19 shows another example of the simulation result.

18A to 19, the effectiveness of the dual polarized UCA OAM technology may be analyzed.

E. Impact of intermode spreading

18A and 18B are plots of effective field intensities of baseband signals when intermode spreading between OAM modes is applied at a transmitter, and FIG. 19 is applied to each OAM modes by applying intermode despreading at the receiver. Demonstrate the effectiveness of intermode spreading OAM technology to experience the same channel.

18A and 18B, it can be seen that the E-field intensities of the baseband signals transmitted in the zero-degree slanted transmit UCA are the same and the E-field intensities of the baseband signals transmitted in the 90-degree slanted transmit UCA are the same. have. This has the effect of reducing the overall average error rate since all transmitted signals experience the same level of error rate.

19 shows the extent to which this average error rate is reduced. 19 shows that all of the SNR gains of 1 dB or more can be obtained through intermode spreading in the high SNR region.

20 shows another example of simulation results.

Referring to FIG. 20, six modes are transmitted and received at a distance of 500 m through a dual polarized UCA OAM technology applied to intermode spreading, compared to an SNR required to transmit three modes in a conventional single polarized UCA OAM technology. It shows that the SNR is only 3 dB.

21 shows another example of simulation results.

Referring to FIG. 21, the SER according to the TR distance in the case of transmitting 6 modes under the condition of SNR = 20 dB is illustrated. As shown in the figure, when the effective TR distance capable of transmitting a signal to a SER having a predetermined level or lower than the existing UCA OAM technology through the Dual UCA OAM technology is based on SER = 10-2, FIG. An improvement of 2.7 times from d _R to 3.6 d _R , 4.7 times from 1.7 d _R to 8.1 d _R for 16-QAM signal, and nine times from 19 d _R to 2.1 d _R for QPSK signal is observed.

We propose a method to increase the transmission distance using two basis (dual polarized UCA antenna) by the polarization characteristics of the antenna element, and to verify the advantages of the proposed technique over the conventional technique, the radiation of the theoretical half wavelength dipole antenna We implemented a simulator using the pattern and compared and verified the performance according to SNR and transmission distance.

The proposed technique uses dual polarized UCA antennas to increase the number of modes that can be simultaneously transmitted at specific transmit / receive distances, and further extends the reach of multimode signals using intermode spreading between modes in each polarization domain.

Simulation results show that the proposed dual polarization UCA OAM technology successfully increases the reach of a given number of mode signals compared to the conventional single polarized UCA OAM technology. It is possible to transmit 6 OAM modes at 500m distance by using, and it shows that SNR loss of less than 3 dB is involved to transmit twice the number of modes at the same distance than the existing UCA OAM technology.

The apparatus described above may be implemented as a hardware component, a software component, and / or a combination of hardware components and software components. For example, the devices and components described in the embodiments are, for example, processors, controllers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs), digital signal processors, microcomputers, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Can be implemented using one or more general purpose or special purpose computers, such as a programmable logic unit (PLU), a microprocessor, or any other device capable of executing and responding to instructions. The processing device may execute an operating system (OS) and one or more software applications running on the operating system. The processing device may also access, store, manipulate, process, and generate data in response to the execution of the software. For convenience of explanation, one processing device may be described as being used, but one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the processing device includes a plurality of processing elements and / or a plurality of types of processing elements. It can be seen that it may include. For example, the processing device may include a plurality of processors or one processor and one controller. In addition, other processing configurations are possible, such as parallel processors.

The software may include a computer program, code, instructions, or a combination of one or more of the above, and configure the processing device to operate as desired, or process it independently or collectively. You can command the device. Software and / or data may be any type of machine, component, physical device, virtual equipment, computer storage medium or device in order to be interpreted by or to provide instructions or data to the processing device. Or may be permanently or temporarily embodied in a signal wave to be transmitted. The software may be distributed over networked computer systems so that they may be stored or executed in a distributed manner. Software and data may be stored on one or more computer readable recording media.

The method according to the embodiment may be embodied in the form of program instructions that can be executed by various computer means and recorded in a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium may include program instructions, data files, data structures, etc. alone or in combination. The program instructions recorded on the media may be those specially designed and constructed for the purposes of the embodiments, or they may be of the kind well-known and available to those having skill in the computer software arts. Examples of computer-readable recording media include magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tape, optical media such as CD-ROMs, DVDs, and magnetic disks, such as floppy disks. Magneto-optical media, and hardware devices specifically configured to store and execute program instructions, such as ROM, RAM, flash memory, and the like. Examples of program instructions include not only machine code generated by a compiler, but also high-level language code that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter or the like. The hardware device described above may be configured to operate as one or more software modules to perform the operations of the embodiments, and vice versa.

Although the embodiments have been described by the limited embodiments and the drawings as described above, various modifications and variations are possible to those skilled in the art from the above description. For example, the described techniques may be performed in a different order than the described method, and / or components of the described systems, structures, devices, circuits, etc. may be combined or combined in a different form than the described method, or other components. Or even if replaced or substituted by equivalents, an appropriate result can be achieved.

Therefore, other implementations, other embodiments, and equivalents to the claims are within the scope of the claims that follow.

Claims

A modulator for performing OAM modulation on the first signals and the second signals;

An H-pol uniform circular array antenna comprising a plurality of horizontal polarized antennas for transmitting the OAM modulated first signals; And

V-pol UCA antenna comprising a plurality of vertical polarized antennas for transmitting OAM modulated second signals

Transmission device comprising a.
The method of claim 1,

The number of the first signals and the number of the second signals are equal

Transmitting device.
The method of claim 1,

The number of the plurality of horizontally polarized antennas is greater than or equal to the number of the first signals.

Transmitting device.
The method of claim 1,

The number of the plurality of vertically polarized antennas is greater than or equal to the number of the second signals.

Transmitting device.
The method of claim 1,

The radius of the H-pol UCA antenna and the radius of the V-pol UCA antenna are the same

Transmitting device.
The method of claim 1,

The H-pol UCA antenna,

Transmit the OAM modulated first signals over a first channel determined based on a line-of-sight (LoS) path and a propagation path,

The V-pol UCA antenna,

Transmitting the OAM modulated second signals over a second channel determined based on the line of sight path and the propagation path

Transmitting device.
The method of claim 6,

The first channel,

A channel between the H-pol UCA antenna and the receiving H-pol UCA antenna, and a channel between the H-pol UCA antenna and the receiving V-pol UCA antenna,

The second channel,

A channel between the V-pol UCA antenna and the receiving H-pol UCA antenna, and a channel between the V-pol UCA antenna and the receiving V-pol UCA antenna.

Transmitting device.
The method of claim 7, wherein

The H-pol UCA antenna,

Transmit the OAM modulated first signals to the receive H-pol UCA antenna and the receive V-pol UCA antenna,

The V-pol UCA antenna,

Transmitting the OAM modulated second signals to the receive H-pol UCA antenna and the receive V-pol UCA antenna

Transmitting device.
The method of claim 1,

A spreading module for performing intermode spreading on the first signals and the second signals.

Transmission device further comprising.
The method of claim 9,

The spreading module,

performing the intermode spreading using a unitary matrix of m * m,

M is the sum of the number of first signals and the number of second signals

Transmitting device.
An H-pol UCA antenna comprising a plurality of horizontally polarized antennas receiving third signals;

A V-pol UCA antenna comprising a plurality of vertically polarized antennas for transmitting fourth signals; And

A demodulator for performing OAM demodulation on the third signals and the fourth signals

Receiving device comprising a.
The method of claim 11,

Signal detector for detecting a transmission signal using the Least Square Method (LSM) on the OAM demodulated third signals and the OAM demodulated fourth signals

Receiving device further comprising.
The method of claim 11,

The third signals and the fourth signals,

Transmitted from a transmit H-pol UCA antenna comprising a plurality of horizontally polarized antennas and a transmit V-pol UCA antenna comprising a plurality of vertically polarized antennas

Receiving device.
The method of claim 11,

The number of the third signals and the number of the fourth signals are the same

Receiving device.
The method of claim 11,

The radius of the H-pol UCA antenna and the radius of the V-pol UCA antenna are the same

Receiving device.