WO2018145314A1 - Rectifying circuit and direct current/direct current converter - Google Patents

Rectifying circuit and direct current/direct current converter Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018145314A1
WO2018145314A1 PCT/CN2017/073370 CN2017073370W WO2018145314A1 WO 2018145314 A1 WO2018145314 A1 WO 2018145314A1 CN 2017073370 W CN2017073370 W CN 2017073370W WO 2018145314 A1 WO2018145314 A1 WO 2018145314A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
converter
transformer
switch tube
metal
rectifier circuit
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PCT/CN2017/073370
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李祥
赵德琦
陈丽君
吴壬华
Original Assignee
上海欣锐电控技术有限公司
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Application filed by 上海欣锐电控技术有限公司 filed Critical 上海欣锐电控技术有限公司
Priority to CN201780002384.2A priority Critical patent/CN107980201A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2017/073370 priority patent/WO2018145314A1/en
Publication of WO2018145314A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018145314A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/003—Constructional details, e.g. physical layout, assembly, wiring or busbar connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of energy technologies, and in particular, to a rectifier circuit and a DC-DC converter.
  • high-power high-voltage power batteries are widely used.
  • the voltage of high-power high-voltage power batteries is generally 100-750V DC voltage, while the power supply voltage required by vehicle equipment is often 12-30V.
  • a DC-DC converter is generally used to convert a high voltage (100-750V) into a low voltage (12-30V). Since the power of the vehicle equipment is generally between 1 KW and 6 KW, the output current of the DC/DC converter is generally about 400 A, and the output current is large.
  • a copper bus is generally installed in the positive and negative lines of the output, and the current is discharged through the copper.
  • the copper row can effectively reduce the line loss, the copper row cost is high, the manufacturing process is complicated, and the volume is large.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a rectifier circuit and a DC-DC converter, which can reduce the volume of the DC-DC converter and reduce the line loss.
  • a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention discloses a rectifier circuit for a DC-DC DC/DC converter, including a transformer, a switch tube, a capacitor, and a load impedance, wherein:
  • An anode of the secondary coil of the transformer is connected to a positive pole of the load impedance and a positive pole of the capacitor;
  • a cathode of the secondary coil of the transformer is connected to a drain of the switch tube;
  • the source of the switch tube is connected to the metal casing of the DC/DC converter
  • a metal casing of the DC/DC converter is connected to the negative pole of the load impedance and the negative pole of the capacitor;
  • the gate of the switch tube is connected to a pulse width modulated PWM signal.
  • a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention discloses a DC-DC converter including a transformer and a switch Tube, aluminum substrate and metal substrate, wherein:
  • a plurality of blind holes are defined in the aluminum substrate and the metal base plate, and the aluminum substrate and the metal bottom plate are fixedly connected by screws installed in the plurality of blind holes; the drain connection of the switch tube a negative pole of the transformer, a source of the switch tube is connected to the aluminum substrate, an output negative pole of the DC-DC converter is connected to the metal base plate, and an output positive pole of the DC-DC converter is connected to a positive pole of the transformer
  • the gate of the switch tube is connected to a pulse width modulated PWM signal.
  • the rectifier circuit in the embodiment of the invention is applied to a DC-DC DC/DC converter, including a transformer, a switch tube, a capacitor and a load impedance, a positive pole of a secondary coil of the transformer is connected to a positive pole of the load impedance and a positive pole of the capacitor;
  • the negative pole of the coil is connected to the drain of the switch;
  • the source of the switch is connected to the metal casing of the DC/DC converter;
  • the metal casing of the DC/DC converter is connected to the negative pole of the load impedance and the negative pole of the capacitor;
  • the gate of the switch is connected Into the pulse width modulation PWM signal.
  • the rectifier circuit in the embodiment of the invention adopts the metal casing of the DC-DC converter as the output negative pole, which can eliminate the output negative copper busbar and reduce the volume of the DC-DC converter, and the output circuit is more used because the metal casing is used than the copper busbar is used. Short, can reduce line loss.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a rectifier circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a PWM signal disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a DC-DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a rectifier circuit and a DC-DC converter, which can reduce the volume of the DC-DC converter and reduce the line loss. The details are described below separately.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a rectifier circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the rectifying circuit described in this embodiment is applied to a DC-DC DC/DC converter, including a transformer 101, a switching transistor 102, a capacitor 103, and a load impedance 104, wherein:
  • the anode of the secondary coil of the transformer 101 is connected to the anode of the load impedance 104 and the anode of the capacitor 103;
  • the negative pole of the secondary coil of the transformer 101 is connected to the drain of the switch transistor 102;
  • the source of the switch tube 102 is connected to the metal casing 105 of the DC/DC converter;
  • the metal casing 105 of the DC/DC converter is connected to the negative pole of the load impedance 104 and the cathode of the capacitor 103;
  • the gate of the switch transistor 102 is coupled to a pulse width modulated PWM signal.
  • the primary coil of the transformer 101 is connected to a high-voltage power battery, and the output voltage of the high-voltage power battery is generally a DC voltage of 100-750V.
  • the transformer 101 can input the primary coil.
  • the high voltage is converted to a low voltage (for example, 14V) from The secondary coil outputs, the positive pole of the secondary coil is connected to the anode of the load impedance 104 and the anode of the capacitor 103; wherein the capacitor 103 is used for DC energy storage and filtering of the output of the isolation transformer 101.
  • the negative pole of the secondary coil of the transformer 101 is connected to the drain of the switch tube 102; the source of the switch tube 102 is connected to the metal shell 105 of the DC/DC converter, and the metal shell 105 has the advantages of thin thickness, large area, small resistance, etc., metal
  • the outer casing 105 allows a large current to pass, and since the equivalent resistance is small, the line impedance is also small.
  • the metal casing 105 may be composed of a metal or an alloy of silver, copper, aluminum, iron, or the like.
  • the metal casing 105 of the DC/DC converter is connected to the negative pole of the load impedance 104 and the negative pole of the secondary coil of the transformer 101.
  • the gate of the switch transistor 102 is coupled to a pulse width modulated PWM signal.
  • the output current of the rectifier circuit can be controlled by the PWM signal of the gate of the switch transistor 102.
  • the switch tube 102 in the embodiment of the present invention is used for rectification.
  • the switch tube 102 can be a diode or a MOS tube.
  • the MOS tube can be an NMOS tube or a PMOS tube as an example.
  • the rectifier circuit shown in FIG. 1 adopts a metal casing 105 on the negative output of the rectifier circuit, which can eliminate the copper row used for the negative output of the rectifier circuit, reduce the volume of the DC/DC converter, and make the output circuit more copper-plated. In terms of shorter, it can reduce line loss.
  • the rectifier circuit adjusts the current of the rectifier circuit according to the duty cycle of the PWM signal; wherein the higher the duty cycle of the PWM signal, the greater the current of the rectifier circuit.
  • the PWM signal can be generated by a PWM control chip.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a PWM signal disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the duty ratio of the PWM signal in FIG. 2 is 80%, and the PWM signal in FIG. The duty cycle is 40%.
  • the maximum current output by the rectifier circuit is 400A
  • the switch transistor 102 is an NMOS transistor
  • the ratio is 40%, and the switch transistor 102 is an NMOS transistor
  • the duty ratio of the PWM signal is other values, the actual current output by the rectifier circuit can be deduced by analogy. .
  • Embodiments of the present invention can adjust the output current of the rectifier circuit by adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal.
  • the DC/DC converter is mounted to the vehicle, the metal housing of the DC/DC converter is coupled to the metal frame of the vehicle, and the metal frame is coupled to the negative pole of the load impedance. After the metal casing of the DC/DC converter is connected to the metal frame of the vehicle, the current can be traveled through the metal frame of the vehicle. In order to further reduce the line loss, a grounding or a wire harness is usually used to connect the negative electrode of the DC/DC converter to the negative pole of the low voltage battery.
  • the transformer is a high frequency isolation transformer.
  • the high-frequency isolating transformer can realize the primary and secondary electrical isolation.
  • the high-frequency isolation transformer has excellent insulation performance.
  • the high-frequency transformer can control the input high voltage through the PWM pulse width, and output a lower safety voltage from the secondary. Will get an electric shock.
  • the use of high frequency isolation transformers can improve the safety of the rectifier circuit.
  • the metal casing of the DC/DC converter is an aluminum alloy.
  • the aluminum alloy has a low density, high mechanical strength, good electrical conductivity, and can be used for carrying heavy loads and for large current transmission.
  • the metal housing of the DC/DC converter includes an aluminum substrate and a metal backplane.
  • the metal casing may be composed of an aluminum substrate for connecting a switching tube and a transformer, and a metal substrate for connecting the load impedance.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a DC-DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the DC-DC converter includes a transformer 301, a switch 302, an aluminum substrate 303, and a metal.
  • Base plate 304 wherein:
  • An aluminum substrate 303 is disposed on the metal bottom plate 304;
  • a plurality of blind holes 305 are defined in the aluminum substrate 303 and the metal base plate 304.
  • the aluminum substrate 303 and the metal base plate 304 are fixedly connected by screws 306 mounted in the plurality of blind holes 305.
  • the drain of the switch tube 302 is connected to the negative pole of the transformer 301.
  • the source of the switch tube 302 is connected to the aluminum substrate, the output of the DC-DC converter is connected to the metal backplane 304, the output of the DC-DC converter is connected to the anode of the transformer 301, and the gate of the switch 302 is connected to the pulse width modulation PWM signal.
  • the switch 302 in the embodiment of the present invention may be a MOS transistor, such as an NMOS transistor, a PMOS transistor, or the like.
  • the high voltage direct current is stepped down by the transformer 301 (for example, a high frequency isolation transformer), and after the switching tube 302 is rectified, a direct current having a lower voltage is obtained.
  • the output current loop includes a positive pole of the transformer 301, an output positive copper busbar A, a load, an output negative pole B, an aluminum substrate 303 and a metal base plate 304, a switch tube 302, and a negative pole of the transformer 301.
  • the output negative pole B of the DC-DC converter adopts the method of integrating the aluminum substrate 303 and the metal base plate 304, and has the following advantages: 1. It is not required to install the negative copper busbar, which not only saves material cost, but also further reduces the volume; 2.
  • the entire metal of the DC converter acts as a negative electrode, and the equivalent resistance is extremely low, further reducing the loss and improving the efficiency; 3.
  • the aluminum substrate 303 is mounted on the metal base plate 304 by screws 306, and the method of fixing by screws is simple.
  • the DC-DC converter adjusts the output current of the DC-DC converter according to the duty cycle of the PWM signal; wherein the higher the duty cycle of the PWM signal, the larger the output current of the DC-DC converter.
  • Embodiments of the present invention can adjust the output current of the rectifier circuit by adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal.
  • the units in the terminal in the embodiment of the present invention may be combined, divided, and deleted according to actual needs.

Abstract

A rectifying circuit and a direct current/direct current (DC/DC) converter. The rectifying circuit, applied to the DC/DC converter, comprises a transformer (101), a switch tube (102), a capacitor (103) and a load impedance (104). The positive electrode of a secondary coil of the transformer is connected to the positive electrode of the load impedance and the positive electrode of the capacitor; the negative electrode of the secondary coil of the transformer is connected to the drain electrode of the switch tube; the source electrode of the switch tube is connected to a metal shell (105) of the DC/DC converter; the metal shell of the DC/DC converter is connected to the negative electrode of the load impedance and the negative electrode of the capacitor; and the gate electrode of the switch tube accesses a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal. The rectifying circuit may reduce the volume of the DC/DC converter and reduce line loss.

Description

一种整流电路以及直流-直流变换器Rectifier circuit and DC-DC converter 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及能源技术领域，具体涉及一种整流电路以及直流-直流变换器。The present invention relates to the field of energy technologies, and in particular, to a rectifier circuit and a DC-DC converter.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，随着新能源汽车行业的迅速发展，大功率高压动力电池被广泛采用，大功率高压动力电池的电压一般为100-750V的直流电压，而车辆设备需要的供电电压往往在12-30V之间，为了满足车辆设备的供电电压需求，一般采用直流-直流(英文：Direct Current/Direct Current，DC/DC)变换器将高电压(100-750V)转换为低电压(12-30V)，由于车辆设备的功率一般在1KW-6KW之间，DC/DC变换器的输出电流一般为400A左右，输出电流较大。在大电流回路中，为了尽可能减小线路阻抗，降低线路损耗，一般在输出的正负极线路中安装铜排，通过铜排走电流。采用铜排的方式虽然可以有效降低线路损耗，但是铜排成本较高，制造工艺比较复杂，并且体积较大。In recent years, with the rapid development of the new energy automobile industry, high-power high-voltage power batteries are widely used. The voltage of high-power high-voltage power batteries is generally 100-750V DC voltage, while the power supply voltage required by vehicle equipment is often 12-30V. In order to meet the power supply voltage requirements of vehicle equipment, a DC-DC converter is generally used to convert a high voltage (100-750V) into a low voltage (12-30V). Since the power of the vehicle equipment is generally between 1 KW and 6 KW, the output current of the DC/DC converter is generally about 400 A, and the output current is large. In the high current loop, in order to minimize the line impedance and reduce the line loss, a copper bus is generally installed in the positive and negative lines of the output, and the current is discharged through the copper. Although the copper row can effectively reduce the line loss, the copper row cost is high, the manufacturing process is complicated, and the volume is large.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明实施例提供一种整流电路以及直流-直流变换器，可以减少直流-直流变换器的体积，降低线路损耗。The embodiment of the invention provides a rectifier circuit and a DC-DC converter, which can reduce the volume of the DC-DC converter and reduce the line loss.
本发明实施例第一方面公开了一种整流电路，应用于直流-直流DC/DC变换器，包括变压器、开关管、电容和负载阻抗，其中：A first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention discloses a rectifier circuit for a DC-DC DC/DC converter, including a transformer, a switch tube, a capacitor, and a load impedance, wherein:
所述变压器的次级线圈的正极连接所述负载阻抗的正极和所述电容的正极；An anode of the secondary coil of the transformer is connected to a positive pole of the load impedance and a positive pole of the capacitor;
所述变压器的次级线圈的负极连接所述开关管的漏极；a cathode of the secondary coil of the transformer is connected to a drain of the switch tube;
所述开关管的源极连接所述DC/DC变换器的金属外壳；The source of the switch tube is connected to the metal casing of the DC/DC converter;
所述DC/DC变换器的金属外壳连接所述负载阻抗的负极和所述电容的负极；a metal casing of the DC/DC converter is connected to the negative pole of the load impedance and the negative pole of the capacitor;
所述开关管的栅极接入脉冲宽度调制PWM信号。The gate of the switch tube is connected to a pulse width modulated PWM signal.
本发明实施例第一方面公开了一种直流-直流变换器，包括变压器、开关 管、铝基板和金属底板，其中：A first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention discloses a DC-DC converter including a transformer and a switch Tube, aluminum substrate and metal substrate, wherein:
所述金属底板上设置所述铝基板；Disposing the aluminum substrate on the metal bottom plate;
所述铝基板和所述金属底板上均开设若干个盲孔，所述铝基板与所述金属底板通过安装在所述若干个盲孔内的螺丝钉固定连接；所述开关管的漏极连接所述变压器的负极，所述开关管的源极连接所述铝基板，所述直流-直流变换器的输出负极连接所述金属底板，所述直流-直流变换器的输出正极连接所述变压器的正极，所述开关管的栅极接入脉冲宽度调制PWM信号。a plurality of blind holes are defined in the aluminum substrate and the metal base plate, and the aluminum substrate and the metal bottom plate are fixedly connected by screws installed in the plurality of blind holes; the drain connection of the switch tube a negative pole of the transformer, a source of the switch tube is connected to the aluminum substrate, an output negative pole of the DC-DC converter is connected to the metal base plate, and an output positive pole of the DC-DC converter is connected to a positive pole of the transformer The gate of the switch tube is connected to a pulse width modulated PWM signal.
本发明实施例中的整流电路应用于直流-直流DC/DC变换器，包括变压器、开关管、电容和负载阻抗，变压器的次级线圈的正极连接负载阻抗的正极和电容的正极；变压器的次级线圈的负极连接开关管的漏极；开关管的源极连接DC/DC变换器的金属外壳；DC/DC变换器的金属外壳连接负载阻抗的负极和电容的负极；开关管的栅极接入脉冲宽度调制PWM信号。本发明实施例中的整流电路采用直流-直流变换器的金属外壳作为输出负极，可以省掉输出负极铜排，减少直流-直流变换器的体积，由于采用金属外壳比使用铜排使得输出回路更短，可以降低线路损耗。The rectifier circuit in the embodiment of the invention is applied to a DC-DC DC/DC converter, including a transformer, a switch tube, a capacitor and a load impedance, a positive pole of a secondary coil of the transformer is connected to a positive pole of the load impedance and a positive pole of the capacitor; The negative pole of the coil is connected to the drain of the switch; the source of the switch is connected to the metal casing of the DC/DC converter; the metal casing of the DC/DC converter is connected to the negative pole of the load impedance and the negative pole of the capacitor; the gate of the switch is connected Into the pulse width modulation PWM signal. The rectifier circuit in the embodiment of the invention adopts the metal casing of the DC-DC converter as the output negative pole, which can eliminate the output negative copper busbar and reduce the volume of the DC-DC converter, and the output circuit is more used because the metal casing is used than the copper busbar is used. Short, can reduce line loss.
附图说明DRAWINGS
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only It is a certain embodiment of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained from those skilled in the art without any creative work.
图1是本发明实施例公开的一种整流电路的结构示意图；1 is a schematic structural diagram of a rectifier circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例公开的一种PWM信号示意图；2 is a schematic diagram of a PWM signal disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施例公开的一种直流-直流变换器的结构示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a DC-DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面将结合本发明实施方式中的附图，对本发明实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings.
是本发明的一部分实施方式，而不是全部实施方式。基于本发明中的实施 方式，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都应属于本发明保护的范围。It is a part of the embodiments of the invention, not all of them. Based on the implementation in the present invention All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
为便于描述，这里可以使用诸如“在…之下”、“在…下面”、“下”、“在…之上”、“上”等空间相对性术语来描述如图中所示的一个元件或特征与另一个(些)元件或特征的关系。可以理解，当一个元件或层被称为在另一元件或层“上”、“连接到”或“耦接到”另一元件或层时，它可以直接在另一元件或层上、直接连接到或耦接到另一元件或层，或者可以存在居间元件或层。For the convenience of description, spatially relative terms such as "under", "below", "lower", "above", "upper", etc. may be used herein to describe one element as shown in the drawings. Or the relationship of a feature to another component or feature(s). It can be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as "on", "connected" or "coupled" to another element or layer, Connected to or coupled to another element or layer, or an intervening element or layer.
可以理解，这里所用的术语仅是为了描述特定实施例，并非要限制本发明。在这里使用时，除非上下文另有明确表述，否则单数形式“一”和“该”也旨在包括复数形式。进一步地，当在本说明书中使用时，术语“包括”和/或“包含”表明所述特征、整体、步骤、元件和/或组件的存在，但不排除一个或多个其他特征、整体、步骤、元件、组件和/或其组合的存在或增加。说明书后续描述为实施本发明的较佳实施方式，然所述描述乃以说明本发明的一般原则为目的，并非用以限定本发明的范围。本发明的保护范围当视所附权利要求所界定者为准。It is understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. As used herein, the sing " Further, when used in the specification, the terms "include" and / or "include" are used to indicate the <RTI ID=0.0> </RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> <RTIgt; The presence or addition of steps, elements, components, and/or combinations thereof. The description of the present invention is intended to be illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
本发明实施例提供一种整流电路以及直流-直流变换器，可以减少直流-直流变换器的体积，降低线路损耗。以下分别进行详细说明。The embodiment of the invention provides a rectifier circuit and a DC-DC converter, which can reduce the volume of the DC-DC converter and reduce the line loss. The details are described below separately.
请参阅图1，图1是本发明实施例公开的一种整流电路的结构示意图。如图1所示，本实施例中所描述的整流电路，应用于直流-直流DC/DC变换器，包括变压器101、开关管102、电容103和负载阻抗104，其中：Please refer to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a rectifier circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the rectifying circuit described in this embodiment is applied to a DC-DC DC/DC converter, including a transformer 101, a switching transistor 102, a capacitor 103, and a load impedance 104, wherein:
变压器101的次级线圈的正极连接负载阻抗104的正极和电容103的正极；The anode of the secondary coil of the transformer 101 is connected to the anode of the load impedance 104 and the anode of the capacitor 103;
变压器101的次级线圈的负极连接开关管102的漏极；The negative pole of the secondary coil of the transformer 101 is connected to the drain of the switch transistor 102;
开关管102的源极连接DC/DC变换器的金属外壳105；The source of the switch tube 102 is connected to the metal casing 105 of the DC/DC converter;
DC/DC变换器的金属外壳105连接负载阻抗104的负极和电容103的负极；The metal casing 105 of the DC/DC converter is connected to the negative pole of the load impedance 104 and the cathode of the capacitor 103;
开关管102的栅极接入脉冲宽度调制PWM信号。The gate of the switch transistor 102 is coupled to a pulse width modulated PWM signal.
本发明实施例中，变压器101的初级线圈连接高压动力电池，高压动力电池的输出电压一般为100-750V的直流电压，通过设置初级线圈与次级线圈的匝数，变压器101可以将初级线圈输入的高电压转换为低电压(例如，14V)从 次级线圈输出，次级线圈的正极连接负载阻抗104的正极和电容103的正极；其中，电容103用于对隔离变压器101输出的直流电储能及滤波。变压器101的次级线圈的负极连接开关管102的漏极；开关管102的源极连接DC/DC变换器的金属外壳105，金属外壳105具有厚度薄，面积较大，电阻小等优点，金属外壳105允许通过大电流，由于等效电阻小，线路阻抗也较小。金属外壳105可以由银、铜、铝、铁等金属或者合金组成。DC/DC变换器的金属外壳105连接负载阻抗104的负极和变压器101的次级线圈的负极。In the embodiment of the present invention, the primary coil of the transformer 101 is connected to a high-voltage power battery, and the output voltage of the high-voltage power battery is generally a DC voltage of 100-750V. By setting the number of turns of the primary coil and the secondary coil, the transformer 101 can input the primary coil. The high voltage is converted to a low voltage (for example, 14V) from The secondary coil outputs, the positive pole of the secondary coil is connected to the anode of the load impedance 104 and the anode of the capacitor 103; wherein the capacitor 103 is used for DC energy storage and filtering of the output of the isolation transformer 101. The negative pole of the secondary coil of the transformer 101 is connected to the drain of the switch tube 102; the source of the switch tube 102 is connected to the metal shell 105 of the DC/DC converter, and the metal shell 105 has the advantages of thin thickness, large area, small resistance, etc., metal The outer casing 105 allows a large current to pass, and since the equivalent resistance is small, the line impedance is also small. The metal casing 105 may be composed of a metal or an alloy of silver, copper, aluminum, iron, or the like. The metal casing 105 of the DC/DC converter is connected to the negative pole of the load impedance 104 and the negative pole of the secondary coil of the transformer 101.
开关管102的栅极接入脉冲宽度调制PWM信号。整流电路的输出电流可以通过开关管102的栅极接入的PWM信号来控制。本发明实施例中的开关管102用于整流，开关管102可以为二极管，也可以为MOS管，其中，图1中以MOS管为例，MOS管可以为NMOS管、PMOS管等。The gate of the switch transistor 102 is coupled to a pulse width modulated PWM signal. The output current of the rectifier circuit can be controlled by the PWM signal of the gate of the switch transistor 102. The switch tube 102 in the embodiment of the present invention is used for rectification. The switch tube 102 can be a diode or a MOS tube. The MOS tube can be an NMOS tube or a PMOS tube as an example.
采用图1所示的整流电路，在整流电路的负极输出采用金属外壳105，可以省掉整流电路的负极输出所使用的铜排，减少DC/DC变换器的体积，同时使得输出回路较铜排而言更短，可以降低线路损耗。The rectifier circuit shown in FIG. 1 adopts a metal casing 105 on the negative output of the rectifier circuit, which can eliminate the copper row used for the negative output of the rectifier circuit, reduce the volume of the DC/DC converter, and make the output circuit more copper-plated. In terms of shorter, it can reduce line loss.
在一个实施例中，整流电路根据PWM信号的占空比调整整流电路的电流；其中，PWM信号的占空比越高，整流电路的电流越大。PWM信号可以通过PWM控制芯片产生。In one embodiment, the rectifier circuit adjusts the current of the rectifier circuit according to the duty cycle of the PWM signal; wherein the higher the duty cycle of the PWM signal, the greater the current of the rectifier circuit. The PWM signal can be generated by a PWM control chip.
举例来说，请参阅图2，图2是本发明实施例公开的一种PWM信号示意图，如图2所示，图2上面的PWM信号的占空比为80％，图2下面的PWM信号的占空比为40％。若整流电路输出的最大电流为400A，且开关管102为NMOS管，当PWM信号的占空比为80％时，整流电路输出的实际电流为400A*80％＝320A，当PWM信号的占空比为40％时，且开关管102为NMOS管，整流电路输出的实际电流为400A*40％＝160A，当PWM信号的占空比为其他值时，整流电路输出的实际电流可以以此类推。For example, please refer to FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a PWM signal disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the duty ratio of the PWM signal in FIG. 2 is 80%, and the PWM signal in FIG. The duty cycle is 40%. If the maximum current output by the rectifier circuit is 400A, and the switch transistor 102 is an NMOS transistor, when the duty ratio of the PWM signal is 80%, the actual current output by the rectifier circuit is 400A*80%=320A, when the PWM signal is occupied. When the ratio is 40%, and the switch transistor 102 is an NMOS transistor, the actual current output by the rectifier circuit is 400A*40%=160A. When the duty ratio of the PWM signal is other values, the actual current output by the rectifier circuit can be deduced by analogy. .
本发明实施例可以通过调节PWM信号的占空比来调节整流电路的输出电流。Embodiments of the present invention can adjust the output current of the rectifier circuit by adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal.
在一个实施例中，DC/DC变换器安装于车辆上，DC/DC变换器的金属外壳连接车辆的金属车架，金属车架连接负载阻抗的负极。DC/DC变换器的金属外壳与车辆的金属车架连接之后，可以通过车辆的金属车架走电流，在实际应 用中，为进一步降低线路损耗，通常采用搭铁或线束将DC/DC变换器输出负极与低压蓄电池负极连接。In one embodiment, the DC/DC converter is mounted to the vehicle, the metal housing of the DC/DC converter is coupled to the metal frame of the vehicle, and the metal frame is coupled to the negative pole of the load impedance. After the metal casing of the DC/DC converter is connected to the metal frame of the vehicle, the current can be traveled through the metal frame of the vehicle. In order to further reduce the line loss, a grounding or a wire harness is usually used to connect the negative electrode of the DC/DC converter to the negative pole of the low voltage battery.
在一个实施例中，变压器为高频隔离变压器。In one embodiment, the transformer is a high frequency isolation transformer.
采用高频隔离变压器可以实现初次级电气隔离，高频隔离变压器的绝缘性能优异，高频变压器可以将输入的高电压通过PWM脉宽控制，从次级输出较低的安全电压，人触摸后不会触电。采用高频隔离变压器可以提高整流电路的安全性。The high-frequency isolating transformer can realize the primary and secondary electrical isolation. The high-frequency isolation transformer has excellent insulation performance. The high-frequency transformer can control the input high voltage through the PWM pulse width, and output a lower safety voltage from the secondary. Will get an electric shock. The use of high frequency isolation transformers can improve the safety of the rectifier circuit.
在一个实施例中，DC/DC变换器的金属外壳为铝合金。铝合金密度较小，机械强度较高，导电性能好，可用于承载重物和用于大电流传输。In one embodiment, the metal casing of the DC/DC converter is an aluminum alloy. The aluminum alloy has a low density, high mechanical strength, good electrical conductivity, and can be used for carrying heavy loads and for large current transmission.
在一个实施例中，DC/DC变换器的金属外壳包括铝基板和金属底板。In one embodiment, the metal housing of the DC/DC converter includes an aluminum substrate and a metal backplane.
金属外壳可以由铝基板和金属底板组成，其中，铝基板用于连接开关管和变压器，金属底板用于连接负载阻抗。The metal casing may be composed of an aluminum substrate for connecting a switching tube and a transformer, and a metal substrate for connecting the load impedance.
请参阅图3，图3是本发明实施例公开的一种直流-直流变换器的结构示意图，如图3所示，该直流-直流变换器包括变压器301、开关管302、铝基板303和金属底板304，其中：Please refer to FIG. 3. FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a DC-DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the DC-DC converter includes a transformer 301, a switch 302, an aluminum substrate 303, and a metal. Base plate 304, wherein:
金属底板304上设置铝基板303；An aluminum substrate 303 is disposed on the metal bottom plate 304;
铝基板303和金属底板304上均开设若干个盲孔305，铝基板303与金属底板304通过安装在若干个盲孔305内的螺丝钉306固定连接；开关管302的漏极连接变压器301的负极，开关管302的源极连接铝基板，直流-直流变换器的输出负极连接金属底板304，直流-直流变换器的输出正极连接变压器301的正极，开关管302的栅极接入脉冲宽度调制PWM信号。本发明实施例中的开关管302可以为MOS管，例如NMOS管、PMOS管等。A plurality of blind holes 305 are defined in the aluminum substrate 303 and the metal base plate 304. The aluminum substrate 303 and the metal base plate 304 are fixedly connected by screws 306 mounted in the plurality of blind holes 305. The drain of the switch tube 302 is connected to the negative pole of the transformer 301. The source of the switch tube 302 is connected to the aluminum substrate, the output of the DC-DC converter is connected to the metal backplane 304, the output of the DC-DC converter is connected to the anode of the transformer 301, and the gate of the switch 302 is connected to the pulse width modulation PWM signal. . The switch 302 in the embodiment of the present invention may be a MOS transistor, such as an NMOS transistor, a PMOS transistor, or the like.
本发明实施例中，高压直流电通过变压器301(例如，高频隔离变压器)降压，开关管302整流之后，得到电压较低的直流电。输出电流回路包括：变压器301的正极、输出正极铜排A、负载、输出负极B、铝基板303与金属底板304、开关管302、变压器301的负极。直流-直流变换器的输出负极B采用铝基板303与金属底板304集成的方法，具有如下优点：1、不需要安装负极铜排、既节省了物料成本，也进一步缩小体积；2、以直流-直流变换器的整个金属外 壳作为负极，等效电阻极低，进一步降低损耗，提高效率；3、铝基板303通过螺丝钉306安装在金属底板304上，采用螺丝钉固定的方法，生成工艺简单。In the embodiment of the present invention, the high voltage direct current is stepped down by the transformer 301 (for example, a high frequency isolation transformer), and after the switching tube 302 is rectified, a direct current having a lower voltage is obtained. The output current loop includes a positive pole of the transformer 301, an output positive copper busbar A, a load, an output negative pole B, an aluminum substrate 303 and a metal base plate 304, a switch tube 302, and a negative pole of the transformer 301. The output negative pole B of the DC-DC converter adopts the method of integrating the aluminum substrate 303 and the metal base plate 304, and has the following advantages: 1. It is not required to install the negative copper busbar, which not only saves material cost, but also further reduces the volume; 2. DC- The entire metal of the DC converter The shell acts as a negative electrode, and the equivalent resistance is extremely low, further reducing the loss and improving the efficiency; 3. The aluminum substrate 303 is mounted on the metal base plate 304 by screws 306, and the method of fixing by screws is simple.
在一个实施例中，直流-直流变换器根据PWM信号的占空比调整直流-直流变换器的输出电流；其中，PWM信号的占空比越高，直流-直流变换器的输出电流越大。In one embodiment, the DC-DC converter adjusts the output current of the DC-DC converter according to the duty cycle of the PWM signal; wherein the higher the duty cycle of the PWM signal, the larger the output current of the DC-DC converter.
本发明实施例可以通过调节PWM信号的占空比来调节整流电路的输出电流。Embodiments of the present invention can adjust the output current of the rectifier circuit by adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal.
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、“一些示例”或类似“第一实施例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。In the description of the present specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", "some examples" or like "first embodiment" and the like means that the implementation is combined Particular features, structures, materials or features described in the examples or examples are included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In the present specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily mean the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
本发明实施例方法中的步骤可以根据实际需要进行顺序调整、合并和删减。The steps in the method of the embodiment of the present invention may be sequentially adjusted, merged, and deleted according to actual needs.
本发明实施例终端中的单元可以根据实际需要进行合并、划分和删减。The units in the terminal in the embodiment of the present invention may be combined, divided, and deleted according to actual needs.
以上对本发明实施例所提供的一种整流电路以及直流-直流变换器进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。 The rectification circuit and the DC-DC converter provided by the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above. The principles and implementation manners of the present invention are described in the following. The description of the above embodiments is only for helping. The method of the present invention and its core idea are understood; at the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there are changes in the specific embodiments and application scopes. It should be understood that the invention is limited.

Claims (8)

  1. 一种整流电路，应用于直流-直流DC/DC变换器，其特征在于，包括变压器、开关管、电容和负载阻抗，其中：A rectifier circuit for a DC-DC DC/DC converter, comprising: a transformer, a switch tube, a capacitor and a load impedance, wherein:
    所述变压器的次级线圈的正极连接所述负载阻抗的正极和所述电容的正极；An anode of the secondary coil of the transformer is connected to a positive pole of the load impedance and a positive pole of the capacitor;
    所述变压器的次级线圈的负极连接所述开关管的漏极；a cathode of the secondary coil of the transformer is connected to a drain of the switch tube;
    所述开关管的源极连接所述DC/DC变换器的金属外壳；The source of the switch tube is connected to the metal casing of the DC/DC converter;
    所述DC/DC变换器的金属外壳连接所述负载阻抗的负极和所述电容的负极；a metal casing of the DC/DC converter is connected to the negative pole of the load impedance and the negative pole of the capacitor;
    所述开关管的栅极接入脉冲宽度调制PWM信号。The gate of the switch tube is connected to a pulse width modulated PWM signal.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述整流电路，其特征在于，所述整流电路根据所述PWM信号的占空比调整所述整流电路的电流；其中，所述PWM信号的占空比越高，所述整流电路的电流越大。The rectifier circuit according to claim 1, wherein the rectifier circuit adjusts a current of the rectifier circuit according to a duty ratio of the PWM signal; wherein a higher duty ratio of the PWM signal, the rectification The current in the circuit is larger.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述整流电路，其特征在于，所述DC/DC变换器安装于车辆上，所述DC/DC变换器的金属外壳连接所述车辆的金属车架，所述金属车架连接所述负载阻抗的负极。A rectifier circuit according to claim 2, wherein said DC/DC converter is mounted on a vehicle, and a metal casing of said DC/DC converter is connected to a metal frame of said vehicle, said metal frame connection The negative electrode of the load impedance.
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的整流电路，其特征在于，所述变压器为高频隔离变压器。The rectifier circuit according to claim 3, wherein said transformer is a high frequency isolation transformer.
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的整流电路，其特征在于，所述DC/DC变换器的金属外壳为铝合金。The rectifier circuit according to claim 4, wherein the metal casing of the DC/DC converter is an aluminum alloy.
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的整流电路，其特征在于，所述DC/DC变换器的金属外壳包括铝基板和金属底板。A rectifier circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the metal casing of the DC/DC converter comprises an aluminum substrate and a metal substrate.
  7. 一种直流-直流变换器，其特征在于，包括变压器、开关管、铝基板和 金属底板，其中：A DC-DC converter characterized by comprising a transformer, a switch tube, an aluminum substrate, and Metal base plate, where:
    所述金属底板上设置所述铝基板；Disposing the aluminum substrate on the metal bottom plate;
    所述铝基板和所述金属底板上均开设若干个盲孔，所述铝基板与所述金属底板通过安装在所述若干个盲孔内的螺丝钉固定连接；所述开关管的漏极连接所述变压器的负极，所述开关管的源极连接所述铝基板，所述直流-直流变换器的输出负极连接所述金属底板，所述直流-直流变换器的输出正极连接所述变压器的正极，所述开关管的栅极接入脉冲宽度调制PWM信号。a plurality of blind holes are defined in the aluminum substrate and the metal base plate, and the aluminum substrate and the metal bottom plate are fixedly connected by screws installed in the plurality of blind holes; the drain connection of the switch tube a negative pole of the transformer, a source of the switch tube is connected to the aluminum substrate, an output negative pole of the DC-DC converter is connected to the metal base plate, and an output positive pole of the DC-DC converter is connected to a positive pole of the transformer The gate of the switch tube is connected to a pulse width modulated PWM signal.
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的直流-直流变换器，其特征在于，所述直流-直流变换器根据所述PWM信号的占空比调整所述直流-直流变换器的输出电流；其中，所述PWM信号的占空比越高，所述直流-直流变换器的输出电流越大。 The DC-DC converter according to claim 7, wherein said DC-DC converter adjusts an output current of said DC-DC converter according to a duty ratio of said PWM signal; wherein said PWM The higher the duty cycle of the signal, the greater the output current of the DC-DC converter.
PCT/CN2017/073370 2017-02-13 2017-02-13 Rectifying circuit and direct current/direct current converter WO2018145314A1 (en)

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US5999420A (en) * 1998-02-18 1999-12-07 Tdk Corporation Switching power source
CN202550865U (en) * 2012-05-15 2012-11-21 北京益弘泰科技发展有限责任公司 Flyback synchronous rectification drive circuit suitable for power supply module
CN103368414A (en) * 2013-07-29 2013-10-23 上海能能电动车辆有限公司 Converter device used for performing driving control on electric vehicle
CN204145293U (en) * 2014-10-16 2015-02-04 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 Electric motor car and DC converter thereof

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN206490590U (en) * 2017-02-13 2017-09-12 上海欣锐电控技术有限公司 A kind of rectification circuit and DC dc converter

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5999420A (en) * 1998-02-18 1999-12-07 Tdk Corporation Switching power source
CN202550865U (en) * 2012-05-15 2012-11-21 北京益弘泰科技发展有限责任公司 Flyback synchronous rectification drive circuit suitable for power supply module
CN103368414A (en) * 2013-07-29 2013-10-23 上海能能电动车辆有限公司 Converter device used for performing driving control on electric vehicle
CN204145293U (en) * 2014-10-16 2015-02-04 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 Electric motor car and DC converter thereof

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