WO2018138288A1 - Microorganisme génétiquement optimisé pour la production de molécules d'intérêt - Google Patents
Microorganisme génétiquement optimisé pour la production de molécules d'intérêt Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the invention relates to a genetically modified microorganism capable of using carbon dioxide as an at least partial carbon source for the production of molecules of interest. More particularly, the invention relates to a microorganism in which at least the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway is at least partially inhibited. The invention also relates to processes for the production of at least one molecule of interest using such a microorganism. State of the art
- fermentation processes are used to cause molecules to be produced by a microorganism from a fermentable carbon source, such as glucose.
- Bioconversion processes have also been developed, to allow a microorganism to convert a co-substrate, not assimilable by said microorganism, into a molecule of interest.
- a source of carbon is necessary, not for the actual production of the molecule of interest, but for the production of cofactors, and more particularly of NADPH, which may be necessary for bioconversion.
- the yield of production by such microbiological processes is low mainly because of cofactor requirements and the difficulty of balancing the redox metabolic reactions.
- CO 2 carbon dioxide
- microorganisms genetically modified to capture C0 2 and use it as a main source of carbon, as well as photosynthetic plants and microorganisms have already been demonstrated.
- the inventors have discovered that by coupling part of the Calvin cycle (PRK / RuBisCO) to a less partial of the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway, it was possible to increase the production yield of molecules of interest. Interestingly, this inhibition, advantageously carried out downstream of the production of ribulose-5-phosphate promotes exogenous CO2 consumption by the microorganism.
- the microorganisms thus developed make it possible to produce on a large scale and with an industrially interesting yield a large number of molecules of interest, such as amino acids, organic acids, terpenes, terpenoids, peptides, fatty acids, polyols, etc.
- the subject of the invention is therefore a genetically modified microorganism expressing a functional RuBisCO enzyme and a phosphoribulokinase (PRK), and in which the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway is at least partially inhibited, said microorganism being genetically modified in a manner to produce an exogenous molecule of interest and / or to overproduce an endogenous molecule of interest, other than an RuBisCO and / or phosphoribulokinase (PRK) enzyme.
- PRK phosphoribulokinase
- the invention also relates to the use of a genetically modified microorganism according to the invention for the production or overproduction of a molecule of interest, other than RuBisCO enzyme and / or phosphoribulokinase (PRK), preferably selected from amino acids, peptides, proteins, vitamins, sterols, flavonoids, terpenes, terpenoids, fatty acids, polyols and organic acids.
- a genetically modified microorganism for the production or overproduction of a molecule of interest, other than RuBisCO enzyme and / or phosphoribulokinase (PRK), preferably selected from amino acids, peptides, proteins, vitamins, sterols, flavonoids, terpenes, terpenoids, fatty acids, polyols and organic acids.
- PRK phosphoribulokinase
- the present invention also relates to a biotechnological process for producing or overproducing at least one molecule of interest other than an RuBisCO enzyme and / or a phosphoribulokinase (PRK), characterized in that it comprises a step of culturing a microorganism genetically modified according to the invention, under conditions allowing the synthesis or bioconversion, by said microorganism, of said molecule of interest, and optionally a step of recovery and / or purification of said molecule of interest.
- a biotechnological process for producing or overproducing at least one molecule of interest other than an RuBisCO enzyme and / or a phosphoribulokinase (PRK) characterized in that it comprises a step of culturing a microorganism genetically modified according to the invention, under conditions allowing the synthesis or bioconversion, by said microorganism, of said molecule of interest, and optionally a step of recovery and / or purification of said molecule of interest.
- It also relates to a method for producing a molecule of interest other than an RuBisCO enzyme and / or a phosphoribulokinase (PRK), comprising (i) inserting at least one sequence encoding an enzyme involved in the synthesis or bioconversion of said molecule of interest in a recombinant microorganism according to the invention, (ii) the cultivation of said microorganism under conditions permitting the expression of said enzyme and optionally (iii) the recovery and / or purification of said molecule of 'interest.
- a method for producing a molecule of interest other than an RuBisCO enzyme and / or a phosphoribulokinase (PRK) comprising (i) inserting at least one sequence encoding an enzyme involved in the synthesis or bioconversion of said molecule of interest in a recombinant microorganism according to the invention, (ii) the cultivation of said microorganism under conditions permitting the expression of said enzyme and optionally (iii) the recovery
- Figure 1 Schematic representation of glycolysis, the Entner-Doudoroff pathway and the pentose phosphate pathway, showing the inhibition of the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway, according to the invention
- Figure 2 Schematic representation of glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, showing the inhibition of the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway and the management of ribulose-5-phosphate by PRK and RuBisCO, according to US Pat. 'invention.
- recombinant microorganism modified microorganism
- recombinant host cell refers to microorganisms that have been genetically engineered to express or overexpress endogenous nucleotide sequences to express heterologous nucleotide sequences. or that have an alteration of the expression of an endogenous gene.
- “Alteration” means that the expression of the gene, or level of an RNA molecule or equivalent RNA molecules encoding one or more polypeptide or subunit polypeptide, or the activity of one or more several polypeptides or polypeptide subunits is regulated, so that the expression, level or activity is greater or less than that observed in the absence of modification.
- recombinant microorganism refers not only to the particular recombinant microorganism, but to the progeny or potential progeny of such a microorganism. As some changes may occur in subsequent generations because of mutation or environmental influences, this offspring may not be identical to the parent cell, but is still included in the term as used here.
- an at least partially “inhibited” or “inactivated” metabolic pathway refers to an altered metabolic pathway, which can no longer proceed properly in the microorganism in question, compared to the same wild-type microorganism (not genetically modified to inhibit said metabolic pathway).
- the metabolic pathway can be interrupted, resulting in the accumulation of an intermediate metabolite. Such an interruption can be obtained for example by inhibition of the enzyme necessary for the degradation of an intermediate metabolite of the metabolic pathway in question and / or by inhibition of the expression of the gene coding for this enzyme.
- the metabolic pathway can also be attenuated, that is, slowed down.
- Such attenuation can be obtained for example by partial inhibition of one or more enzymes involved in the metabolic pathway and / or by partial inhibition of the expression of a gene coding for at least one of these enzymes and / or by playing cofactors needed for some reactions.
- the expression "at least partially inhibited metabolic pathway” means that the level of the metabolic pathway considered is reduced by at least 20%, more preferably at least 30%, 40%, 50%, or more, compared to the level in a wild microorganism. The reduction can be greater, and in particular be at least greater than 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%.
- the inhibition may be complete, in that the metabolic pathway considered is not used at all by the said microorganism. According to the invention, such an inhibition can be temporary or permanent.
- the term "inhibition of V expression of a gene” means that said gene is no longer expressed in the microorganism in question or that its expression is reduced, compared with the wild-type microorganism (non-genetically modified to inhibit the formation of the gene). expression of the gene), leading to the absence of production of the corresponding protein or to a significant decrease in its production, and in particular to a decrease of greater than 20%, more preferably 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%.
- the inhibition may be complete, that is to say that the protein encoded by said gene is no longer at all produced.
- the inhibition of the expression of a gene can in particular be obtained by deletion, mutation, insertion and / or substitution of one or more nucleotides in the gene under consideration. Preferentially, the inhibition of the expression of the gene is obtained by total deletion of the corresponding nucleotide sequence.
- any method of inhibition of a gene known per se by those skilled in the art and applicable to a microorganism may be used.
- inhibition of gene expression can be achieved by homologous recombination (Datsenko et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci US A 2000; 97: 6640-5, Lodish et al., Molecular Cell Biology 4th ed. 2000.
- the inhibition of the expression of the gene is obtained by knockout techniques. Inhibition of gene expression can also be achieved by gene silencing using interfering, ribozyme or antisense RNAs (Daneholt, 2006. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine).
- interfering RNA or "RNAi” refers to any RNAi molecule (e.g. single-stranded RNA or double-stranded RNA) that can block expression of a target gene and / or facilitate degradation. corresponding mRNA.
- Inhibition of the gene can also be achieved by genomic editing methods that allow direct genetic modifications to a given genome via the use of zinc finger nucleases (Kim et al., PNAS; 93: 1156). 1160), effector nucleases of the transcription activator type, called "TALEN” (Ousterout et al, Methods Mol Biol 2016, 1338: 27-42, doi: 10.1007 / 978-1-4939-2932-0_3), a system combining Cas9-like nucleases with short, regularly spaced, pooled palindromic repeats known as CRISPR (Mali et al., Nat. Methods, 2013 Oct; 10 (10): 957-63.
- CRISPR Cas9-like nucleases with short, regularly spaced, pooled palindromic repeats
- NADPH-dependent or “NADPH-consuming” biosynthesis or bioconversion is meant in the context of the invention all of the biosynthetic or bioconversion pathways in which one or more enzymes require the concomitant addition of electrons obtained. by the oxidation of an NADPH cofactor.
- NADPH-dependent bioconversion or bioconversion pathways concern in particular the synthesis of amino acids (eg arginine, lysine, methionine, threonine, proline, glutamate, homoserine, isoleucine, valine), terpenoids and terpenes (eg farnesene), vitamins and precursors (eg pantoate, pantothenate, transneurosporene, phylloquinone, tocopherols), sterols (eg squalene, cholesterol, testosterone, progesterone, cortisone), flavonoids (eg frambinone, vestinone), organic acids (eg coumaric acid, 3-hydroxypropionic acid), polyols (eg sorbitol, xylitol, glycerol), polyamines (eg spermidine) of aromatic molecules from a stereospecific hydroxylation, via a NADP-dependent cytochrome p450 (eg phenyl),
- exogenous refers to molecules that are not normally or naturally found in and / or produced by the microorganism of interest.
- endogenous or “native” in reference to various molecules refers to molecules that are normally or naturally found in and / or produced by the microorganism in question.
- the invention provides genetically modified microorganisms for the production of a molecule of interest, endogenous or exogenous.
- microorganism By “genetically modified” microorganism is meant that the genome of the microorganism has been modified so as to integrate a nucleic sequence encoding an enzyme involved in the biosynthetic pathway or bioconversion of a molecule of interest, or encoding a biologically active fragment of it. Said nucleic sequence may have been introduced into the genome of said microorganism or one of its ascendants, by means of any suitable molecular cloning method.
- the genome of the microorganism refers to all the genetic material contained in said microorganism, including the extrachromosomal genetic material contained for example in plasmids, episomes, synthetic chromosomes, etc.
- the nucleic acid sequence introduced may be a heterologous sequence, that is to say one that does not exist in the natural state in said microorganism, or a homologous sequence.
- a transcriptional unit containing the nucleic sequence of interest placed under the control of one or more promoter (s) is introduced into the genome of the microorganism.
- Such a transcriptional unit also advantageously comprises the usual sequences such as transcriptional terminators and, if appropriate, other transcriptional regulation elements.
- Promoters useful in the context of the present invention include constitutive promoters, i.e., promoters that are active in most cellular states and environmental conditions, as well as inducible promoters that are activated or repressed by exogenous physical or chemical stimuli.
- the microorganism when the microorganism is a yeast, it is possible to use a constitutive promoter, such as that of a gene among TEF1, TDH3, PGI1, PGK, ADH1.
- constitutive promoter such as that of a gene among TEF1, TDH3, PGI1, PGK, ADH1.
- inducible promoters examples include the tetO-2, GAL10, GAL10-CYC1 and PHO5 promoters.
- the genetically modified microorganism according to the invention has the following characteristics:
- the microorganism is a eukaryotic cell, preferably chosen from yeasts, fungi, microalgae, or a prokaryotic cell, preferably a bacterium or cyanobacterium.
- the microorganism genetically modified according to the invention is a yeast, preferably chosen from ascomycete yeasts (Spermophthoraceae and Saccharomycetaceae), basidiomycete yeasts (Leucosporidium, Rhodosporidium, Sporidiobolus, Filobasidium, and Filobasidiella) and deuteromycete yeasts belonging to the yeast. with Fungi imperfecti (Sporobolomycetaceae, and Cryptococcaceae).
- ascomycete yeasts Spermophthoraceae and Saccharomycetaceae
- basidiomycete yeasts Leucosporidium, Rhodosporidium, Sporidiobolus, Filobasidium, and Filobasidiella
- deuteromycete yeasts belonging to the yeast with Fungi imperfecti (Sporobolomycetaceae, and Cryptococcaceae).
- the genetically modified yeast according to the invention belongs to the genus Pichia, Kluyveromyces, Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Candida, Lipomyces, Rhodotorula, Rhodosporidium, Yarrowia, or Debaryomyces.
- the genetically modified yeast according to the invention is chosen from among Pichia pastoris, Kluyveromyces lactis, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, Saccharomyces diastaticus, Saccharomyces douglasii, Saccharomyces kluyveri, Saccharomyces norbensis, Saccharomyces oviformis, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodosporidium toruloides, Yarrowia lipolytica, Debaryomyces hansenii and Lipomyces starkeyi.
- the genetically modified microorganism according to the invention is a fungus, and more particularly a "filamentous" fungus.
- “filamentous fungi” refers to all filamentous forms of the Eumycotina subdivision.
- the genetically modified fungus according to the invention belongs to the genus Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Neurospora, Podospora, Endothia, Mucor, Cochiobolus or Pyricularia.
- the genetically modified fungus according to the invention is chosen from Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus awomari, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus terreus, Neurospora crassa, Trichoderma reesei, and Trichoderma viride.
- the microorganism genetically modified according to the invention is a microalgae.
- microalgae refers to all eukaryotic-type microscopic algae, preferentially belonging to the classes or superclasses of Chlorophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Prymnesiophyceae, Diatomaceous or Bacillariophyta, Euglenophyceae, Rhodophyceae, or Trebouxiophyceae.
- the microalgae genetically modified according to the invention are chosen from Nannochloropsis sp. (eg Nannochloropsis oculata, Nannochloropsis gaditana, Nannochloropsis salina), Tetraselmis sp.
- Chlorella sp (eg Tetraselmis suecica, Tetraselmis chuii), Chlorella sp. (eg Chlorella salina, Chlorella protothecoides, Chlorella ellipsoidea, Chlorella emersonii, Chlorella minutissima, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Chlorella sorokiniana, Chlorella vulgaris), Chlamydomonas sp. (eg Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) Dunaliella sp.
- Chlorella salina Chlorella protothecoides, Chlorella ellipsoidea, Chlorella emersonii, Chlorella minutissima, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Chlorella sorokiniana, Chlorella vulgaris
- Chlamydomonas sp (eg Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) Dunaliella sp.
- the genetically modified microorganism according to the invention is a bacterium, preferentially chosen from phyla Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Aquificae, Bacterioidetes, Chlamydiae, Chlorobi, Chloroflexi, Chrysiogenetes, Cyanobacteria, Deferribacteres, Deinococcus-Thermus, Dictyoglomi, Fibrobacteria , Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospirae, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, Thermodesulfobacteria, Thermomicrobia, Thermotogae, or Verrucomicrobia.
- the bacterium genetically modified according to the invention belongs to the genus Acaryochloris, Acetobacter, Actinobacillus, Agrobacterium, Alicyclobacillus, Anabaena, Anacystis, Anaerobiospirillum, Aquifex, Arthrobacter, Arthrospira, Azobacter, Bacillus, Brevibacterium, Burkholderia, Chlorobium, Chromatium, Chlorobaculum, Clostridium, Corynebacterium, Cupriavidus, Cyanothece, Enterobacter, Deinococcus, Erwinia, Escherichia, Geobacter, Gloeobacter, Gluconobacter, Hydrogenobacter, Klebsiella, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Mannheimia, Mesorhizobium, Methylobacterium, Microbacterium, Microcystis, Nitrobacter, Nitrosomonas, Nitrospina, Nitrospira, Nostoc,
- the bacterium genetically modified according to the invention is chosen from the species Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens, Actinobacillus succinogenes, Aquifex aeolicus, Aquifex pyrophilus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefacines, Brevibacterium ammoniagenes, Brevibacterium immariophilum, Clostridium pasteurianum, Clostridium Ijungdahlii , Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium beigerinckii, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Cupriavidus necator, Cupriavidus metallidurans, Enterobacter sakazakii, E.
- the microorganism can naturally express functional RuBisCO and PRK. This is the case, for example, with photosynthetic microorganisms, such as microalgae or cyanobacteria.
- RuBisCO there are several forms of RuBisCO in nature (Tabita et al., J Exp Bot 2008; 59 (7): 1515-24. Doi: 10.1093 / jxb / erm361).
- Forms I, II and III catalyze the carboxylation and oxygenation reactions of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.
- Form I is present in eukaryotes and bacteria. It consists of two types of subunits: large subunits (RbcL) and small subunits (RbcS).
- the functional enzymatic complex is a hexadecamer consisting of eight L subunits and eight S subunits.
- RbcX Liu et al. , Nature, 2010 Jan 14, 463 (7278): 197-202, doi: 10.1038 / nature08651.
- Form II is found mainly in proteobacteria, archaea and dinoflagellate algae. Its structure is much simpler: it is a dimer formed of two identical RbcL subunits.
- the genes encoding type I RuBisCO may be called rbcL / rbcS (eg Synechococcus elongatus), or cbxLC / cbxSC, cfxLC / cfxSC, cbbL / cbbS (eg, Cupriavidus necator).
- the genes encoding type II RuBisCO are generally called cbbM (eg, Rhodospirillum rubrum).
- Form III is present in archaea. It is generally found in the form of RbcL subunit dimers, or dimer pentamers.
- RuBisCO may be called rbcL (for example, Thermococcus kodakarensis), cbbL (for example, Haloferax sp.).
- PRK Two classes of PRKs are known: Class I enzymes found in proteobacteria are octamers, while Class II enzymes in cyanobacteria and plants are tetramers or dimers. Depending on the organism, genes encoding PRK may be called prk (eg, Synechococcus elongatus), prkA (eg, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii), prkB (eg, Escherichia coli), prkl, prk2 (eg, Leptolyngbya). sp.), cbbP (eg, Nitrobacter vulgaris) or cfxP (eg, Cupriavidus necator).
- the microorganism used does not naturally express functional RuBisCO and PRK
- said microorganism is genetically modified to express a heterologous RuBisCO and PRK.
- the microorganism is transformed so as to integrate into its genome one or more expression cassettes integrating the sequences coding for said proteins, and advantageously the appropriate transcriptional factors.
- RuBisCO type I where the introduction and expression of genes encoding a specific chaperone (Rbcx) and general chaperones (GroES and GroEL, for example) are necessary to obtain a Functional RuBisCO.
- the application WO2015 / 107496 describes in detail how to genetically modify a yeast so that it expresses a RuBisCO of type I and a functional PRK. It is also possible to refer to the method described in GUADALUPE-MEDINA et al. (Biotechnology for Biofuels, 6, 125, 2013).
- the microorganism is genetically engineered to express type I RuBisCO. In another embodiment, the microorganism is genetically engineered to express an IL-type RuBisCO. In another embodiment, the microorganism is genetically modified. to express a RuBisCO type III.
- the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway is at least partially inhibited, so that the microorganism is no longer able to join the glycolysis pathway via the pentose phosphate pathway.
- the microorganism is genetically modified so as to inhibit the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway downstream of ribulose-5-phosphate production (FIG. 1).
- the interruption of the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway downstream of the production of ribulose-5-phosphate (Ru5P) is advantageously obtained by at least partial inhibition of a transaldolase (EC 2.2.1.2) normally produced by the microorganism.
- Transaldolase is an enzyme that catalyzes a transferase type reaction between couples of sedoheptulose 7-phosphate / glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and erythrose-4-phosphate / fructose 6-phosphate metabolites.
- the genes encoding transaldolase may be called tal, talA, talB (for example in Escherichia coli, Synechocystis sp.), TALDO, TALDO 1, TALDOR (for example in Homo sapiens, Mus musculus), TAL1 (for example in Saccharomyces cerevisiae), TAL2 (for example in Nos toc punctiform), talAl, talA2 (for example Streptococcus gallolyticus), talB1, talB2 (for example Azotobacter vinelandii), or NQM1 (for example in Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
- TALDO for example in Homo sapiens, Mus musculus
- TAL1 for example in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- TAL2 for example in Nos toc punctiform
- talAl, talA2 for example Streptococcus gallolyticus
- interruption of the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway downstream of ribulose-5-phosphate (Ru5P) production can be achieved by at least partial inhibition of a transketolase (EC 2.2 .1.1) normally produced by the microorganism.
- Transketolase is an enzyme that catalyzes a transferase-like reaction between couples of sedoheptulose-7-phosphate / glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, and ribose-5-phosphate / xylulose-5-phosphate metabolites, as well as between fructose-6 couples.
- phosphate / glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, and erythrose-4-phosphate / xylulose-5-phosphate is an enzyme that catalyzes a transferase-like reaction between couples of sedoheptulose-7-phosphate / glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, and ribose-5-phosphate / xylulose-5-phosphate metabolites, as well as between fructose-6 couples.
- the genes encoding transketolase may be called TKL, TKL1, TKL2 (eg Saccharomyces cerevisiae), tk1A, tk1B (eg Rhodobacter sphaeroides), tktA, tktB, (eg Escherichia coli), TKT, TKT1, TKT2 (for example Homo sapiens, Dictyostelium discoideum), or TKTL1, TKTL2 (eg Bos taurus), or cbbT, cbbTC, cbbTP (eg Cupriavidus necator, Synechococcus sp.).
- the microorganism is genetically modified so that the expression of the gene encoding transaldolase is at least partially inhibited. Preferably, the expression of the gene is completely inhibited. Alternatively or additionally, the microorganism is genetically modified so that expression of the gene encoding transketolase is at least partially inhibited. Preferably, the expression of the gene is completely inhibited.
- Tables 3 and 4 below list, by way of example, the sequences encoding a transaldolase or a transketolase, which can be inhibited depending on the target microorganism.
- the person skilled in the art knows which gene corresponds to the enzyme of interest to be inhibited as a function of the microorganism.
- the junction between the pentose phosphate pathway and the glycolysis pathway is no longer possible via the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphates, or at least greatly reduced, in the genetically modified microorganism.
- the microorganism is a yeast of the genus Saccharomyces cerevisiae in which the expression of the NQM1 and / or TAL1 gene is at least partially inhibited.
- the microorganism is a bacterium of the genus Escherichia coli in which the expression of the talA gene is at least partially inhibited.
- the genetically modified microorganism which expresses a functional RuBisCO and PRK, and whose non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway is at least partially inhibited, is no longer able to join the glycolysis pathway. the path of pentose phosphates. It is however able to produce glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P), from Ru5P synthesized by the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway, via the heterologous expression of PRK and RuBisCO, while fixing a carbon molecule. additional ( Figure 2).
- the genetically modified microorganism is capable of producing NADPH via the oxidative branch of pentose phosphates, and G3P via the heterologous expression of PRK and RuBisCO, by using exogenous C0 2 , and in particular atmospheric CO2, as a carbon source. complementary.
- the genetically modified microorganism according to the invention makes it possible to increase the carbon yield, by fixing and using exogenous CO2, for the production of NADPH and G3P (and subsequently of molecules of interest). Again, there is an increase in carbon yield.
- the genetically modified microorganism according to the invention has an Entner-Doudoroff pathway, and this pathway is at least partially inhibited.
- This pathway mainly found in bacteria (especially Gram-type), is an alternative to glycolysis and the pentose pathway for the production of pyruvate from glucose. More precisely, this pathway is connected to the pentose phosphate pathway at the ⁇ -gluconate level to supply glycolysis at the level of pyruvate in particular.
- the microorganism is genetically modified so as to inhibit the reactions of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway downstream of the production of 6-phosphogluconate.
- This inhibition makes it possible to eliminate a possible competitive pathway, and to ensure the availability of 6-phosphogluconate as a substrate for PRK / RuBisCO engineering.
- Interruption of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway downstream of 6-phosphogluconate production specifically targets one or more reactions in the process of synthesizing pyruvate from 6-phosphogluconate.
- 6-Phosphogluconate dehydratase catalyzes the dehydration of 6-phosphogluconate to 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate.
- the genes encoding 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase may be called edd (GenBank NP_416365, for example, in Escherichia coli), or ilvD (for example, in Mycobacterium sp.).
- 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-phosphogluconate aldolase catalyzes the synthesis of a pyruvate molecule and a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate molecule from the 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate produced by the 6- phosphogluconate dehydratase.
- the genes coding for 2-dehydro-3-deoxyphosphogluconate aldolase may be called eda (GenBank NP_416364, for example, in Escherichia coli), or kdgA (for example in Thermoproteus tenax), or dgaF ( for example in Salmonella typhimurium).
- the microorganism is genetically modified so that the expression of the gene encoding 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase is at least partially inhibited. Preferably, the expression of the gene is completely inhibited.
- the microorganism is genetically modified so that the expression of the gene coding for 2-dehydro-3-deoxyphosphogluconate aldolase is at least partially inhibited. Preferably, the expression of the gene is completely inhibited.
- Tables 5 and 6 below list, by way of example, the sequences encoding a 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase and a 2-dehydro-3-deoxyphosphogluconate aldolase which can be inhibited depending on the target microorganism.
- the person skilled in the art knows which gene corresponds to the enzyme of interest to be inhibited as a function of the microorganism.
- the production of pyruvate is no longer possible via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway, or at least greatly reduced.
- the microorganism is a bacterium of the genus Escherichia coli in which the expression of the edd gene is at least partially inhibited.
- the bacterium of the genus Escherichia coli is genetically modified so that the expression of the genes talA, and edd are at least partially inhibited.
- the genetically modified microorganism which expresses a functional RuBisCO and PRK, and whose non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway and the Entner-Doudoroff pathway are at least partially inhibited, is no longer capable of producing pyruvate by the Entner-Doudoroff route or the pentose phosphate route.
- the carbon flux from glucose during NADPH production is therefore oriented preferentially towards PRK / RuBisCO engineering.
- the genetically modified microorganism is transformed so as to produce an exogenous molecule of interest and / or to overproduce an endogenous molecule of interest.
- a molecule of interest is preferably a small organic molecule of molecular mass less than or equal to 0.8 kDa.
- an "improved" yield is understood in terms of the amount of finished product.
- the carbon yield corresponds in the context of the invention to the ratio of the amount of finished product / amount of fermentable sugar, especially by weight.
- the carbon yield is increased in the genetically modified microorganisms according to the invention, compared to the wild microorganisms, placed under identical culture conditions.
- the carbon yield is increased by 2%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 18%, 20%, or more.
- the genetically modified microorganism according to the invention can produce a larger quantity of the molecules of interest (finished product) compared to the heterologous molecules produced by a microorganism genetically modified simply to produce or overproduce this molecule.
- the microorganism genetically can also overproduce an endogenous molecule compared to the wild-type microorganism.
- the overproduction of an endogenous molecule is mainly understood in terms of quantities.
- the genetically modified microorganism produces at least 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or more by weight of the endogenous molecule than the wild-type microorganism.
- the microorganism according to the invention is genetically modified so as to produce or overproduce at least one molecule among amino acids, terpenoids, terpenes, vitamins and / or precursors of vitamins, sterols, flavonoids, organic acids. polyols, polyamines, aromatic molecules obtained from stereospecific hydroxylation, via NADP-dependent cytochrome p450, etc.
- the microorganism is genetically modified to overproduce at least one amino acid, preferentially chosen from arginine, lysine, methionine, threonine, proline, glutamate, homoserine, isoleucine and valine. .
- the microorganism is genetically engineered to produce or overproduce terpenoid pathway molecules, such as farnesene, and the terpenes pathway.
- the microorganism is genetically modified to produce or overproduce a vitamin or a precursor, preferentially chosen from pantoate, pantothenate, transneurosporene, phylloquinone and tocopherols.
- the microorganism is genetically modified to produce or overproduce a sterol, preferably selected from squalene, cholesterol, testosterone, progesterone and cortisone.
- the microorganism is genetically modified to produce or overproduce a flavonoid, preferably selected from rambinone and vestinone.
- the microorganism is genetically modified to produce or overproduce an organic acid, preferably chosen from coumaric acid and 3-hydroxypropionic acid.
- the microorganism is genetically modified to produce or overproduce a polyol, preferably selected from sorbitol, xylitol and glycerol.
- the microorganism is genetically modified to produce or overproduce a polyamine, preferentially spermidine.
- the microorganism is genetically modified to produce or overproduce an aromatic molecule from a stereospecific hydroxylation, via a NADP-dependent cytochrome p450, preferentially chosen from phenylpropanoids, terpenes, lipids, tannins, flavors, hormones.
- the genetically modified microorganism is advantageously cultured in a culture medium comprising the substrate to be converted.
- the production or overproduction of a molecule of interest by a genetically modified microorganism according to the invention is obtained by culturing said microorganism in an appropriate culture medium known to those skilled in the art.
- appropriate culture medium generally refers to a sterile culture medium providing nutrients essential or beneficial to the maintenance and / or growth of said microorganism, such as carbon sources; nitrogen sources such as ammonium sulphate; sources of phosphorus, for example, potassium phosphate monobasic; trace elements, for example, salts of copper, iodide, iron, magnesium, zinc or molybdate; vitamins and other growth factors such as amino acids or other growth promoters. Antifoam can be added as needed. According to the invention, this appropriate culture medium can be chemically defined or complex.
- the culture medium can thus be of identical or similar composition to a synthetic medium, as defined by Verduyn et al., (Yeast 1992, 8: 501-17), adapted by Visser et al., (Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 2002. 79: 674-81), or commercially available such as YNB medium (Yeast Nitrogen Base, MP Biomedicals or Sigma-Aldrich).
- a synthetic medium as defined by Verduyn et al., (Yeast 1992, 8: 501-17), adapted by Visser et al., (Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 2002. 79: 674-81), or commercially available such as YNB medium (Yeast Nitrogen Base, MP Biomedicals or Sigma-Aldrich).
- the culture medium may comprise a simple carbon source, such as glucose, galactose, sucrose, molasses, or the by-products of these sugars, optionally supplemented with C0 2 as a carbon co-substrate.
- a simple carbon source such as glucose, galactose, sucrose, molasses, or the by-products of these sugars, optionally supplemented with C0 2 as a carbon co-substrate.
- the single carbon source must allow normal growth of the microorganism of interest. It is also possible in some cases to use a complex carbon source, such as lignocellulosic biomass, rice straw, or starch. The use of a complex carbon source generally requires pretreatment before use.
- the culture medium contains at least one carbon source among monosaccharides such as glucose, xylose or arabinose, disaccharides such as sucrose, organic acids such as acetate, butyrate, propionate or valerate to promote different kinds of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), treated or untreated glycerol.
- monosaccharides such as glucose, xylose or arabinose
- disaccharides such as sucrose
- organic acids such as acetate, butyrate, propionate or valerate to promote different kinds of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), treated or untreated glycerol.
- PHA polyhydroxyalkanoate
- the nutritional factor supply N, O, P, S, K +, Mg2 +, Fe2 +, Mn, Co, Cu, Ca, Sn, Koller and al., Microbiology Monographs, G.-Q. Chen, 14: 85-119, (2010).
- This is particularly the case for promoting the synthesis and intracellular accumulation of PHA including PHB.
- any culture method allowing the production on an industrial scale of molecules of interest can be envisaged.
- the culture is done in bioreactors, especially in batch mode, fed-batch and / or continuous culture.
- the culture line associated with the production of the molecule of interest is fed-batch mode corresponding to a controlled feed into one or more substrates, for example via the addition of a concentrated solution of glucose, the concentration of which can be between 200 gL-1 and 700 gL-1.
- Controlled vitamin feeding during the process may also be beneficial to productivity (Alfenore et al., Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 2002. 60: 67-72). It is also possible to add a solution of ammonium salts to limit nitrogen intake.
- the fermentation is generally carried out in bioreactors, with possible stages of solid and / or liquid precultures in Erlenmeyer flasks, with a suitable culture medium containing at least one single carbon source and / or an exogenous CO 2 supply, required for production. of the molecule of interest.
- the culture conditions of the microorganisms according to the invention are easily adaptable by those skilled in the art, depending on the microorganism and / or the molecule to be produced / overproduced.
- the culture temperature is especially for yeasts between 20 ° C and 40 ° C, preferably between 28 ° C and 35 ° C, and more particularly about 30 ° C for S.cerevisiae.
- the culture temperature is in particular between 25 ° C and 35 ° C, preferably 30 ° C for Cupriavidus necator.
- the invention therefore also relates to the use of a genetically modified microorganism according to the invention, for the production or overproduction of a molecule of interest, other than an enzyme RuBisCO and / or a phosphoribulokinase (PRK) and preferably selected from amino acids, peptides, proteins, vitamins, sterols, flavonoids, terpenes, terpenoids, fatty acids, polyols and organic acids.
- RuBisCO phosphoribulokinase
- PRK phosphoribulokinase
- the subject of the invention is also a biotechnological process for producing at least one molecule of interest other than an RuBisCO enzyme and / or a phosphoribulokinase (PRK), characterized in that it comprises a step of culturing a microorganism genetically modified according to the invention, under conditions allowing the synthesis or bioconversion, by said microorganism, of said molecule of interest, and optionally a step of recovery and / or purification of said molecule of interest.
- PRK phosphoribulokinase
- the microorganism is genetically modified to express at least one enzyme involved in the synthesis of said molecule of interest.
- the microorganism is genetically modified to express at least one enzyme involved in the bioconversion of said molecule of interest.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing a molecule of interest comprising (i) the insertion of at least one sequence encoding an enzyme involved in the synthesis or bioconversion of said molecule of interest in a microorganism recombinant according to the invention, (ii) the culture of said microorganism under conditions allowing the expression of said enzyme and optionally (iii) the recovery and / or purification of said molecule of interest.
- a yeast such as a yeast of the genus Saccharomyces cerevisiae, genetically modified to express a functional PRK and RuBisCO, a farnesene synthase and in which the expression of a TAL1 gene. (Gene ID: 851068) is at least partially inhibited.
- a bacterium such as a bacterium of the genus Escherichia coli, genetically engineered to express functional PRK and RuBisCO, and in which the expression of talA genes (Gene ID: 947006.) and sucA (Gene ID: 945303) is at least partially inhibited.
- a bacterium such as a bacterium of the genus Escherichia coli, genetically engineered to express functional PRK and RuBisCO, and in which the expression of talA genes (Gene ID: 947006.) and sucA (Gene ID: 945303) is at least partially inhibited.
- the carbon fixation flux is redirected from the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway to PRK / RuBisCO engineering ( Figure 2).
- This flow is related to the end of the glycolysis pathway, in the formation of 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG), with the following yield:
- ABSF flow balance analysis
- FBA analyzes rely on mathematical models to simulate metabolic networks at the genome scale (Orth et al., Nat Biotechnol 2010; 28: 245-248).
- the reconstructed networks contain the known metabolic reactions of a given organism and integrate the needs of the cell, in particular to ensure cell maintenance, or growth.
- FBA analyzes make it possible to calculate the flow of metabolites through these networks, making it possible to predict theoretical growth rates as well as yields of production of metabolites.
- the reactions necessary to simulate the molecule production by heterologous routes have also been added to the model.
- a farnesene synthase-type reaction (EC 4.2.3.46 or EC 4.2.3.47) has in particular been added for the heterologous production of farnesene.
- the acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.36) and poly-P-hydroxybutyrate synthase (EC 2.3.1.B2 or 2.3.1.B5) reactions were added to the model. to simulate a heterologous pathway of ⁇ -hydroxyburyrate, the monomer of polyhydroxybutyrate.
- the simulations were performed by applying to the model a set of constraints reproducible by those skilled in the art, aimed at simulating the in vivo culture conditions of a strain of S. cerevisiae under the conditions described according to the invention (for example, presence of non-limiting glucose in the medium, aerobic culture condition).
- the simulations were performed by applying to the model a set of constraints reproducible by those skilled in the art, aimed at simulating the in vivo culture conditions of a strain of S. cerevisiae under the conditions described according to the invention (for example, presence of non-limiting glucose in the medium, aerobic culture condition).
- the simulations are carried out by virtually inactivating the transaldolase enzyme reactions TAL1 and NQM1, so as to simulate the decreases in activity of the non-oxidative branch of the pentose pathway, described according to the invention.
- Table 7 Maximum theoretical yield yields evaluated by ABF on a wild strain and a strain modified according to the invention, for the production of different molecules.
- gx / gGLuc g of molecule X products, based on g of glucose consumed
- the underlined part of the oligonucleotides is perfectly homologous to the KanMX sequence and the remainder of the sequence corresponds to the regions adjacent to the coding phase of the TAL1 gene on the Saccaromyces cerevisiae genome, so as to generate a PCR amplicon containing at the ends of the recombination sequences homologues of the TAL1 gene locus.
- strain CEN.PK 1605 was cultured in a volume of 50 ml YPD complex (yeast extract peptone dextrose) at 30 ° C, up to a 600 nm optical density of 0.8. The cells were centrifuged for 5 minutes at 2500 rpm at room temperature. The supernatant was removed and the cells resuspended in 25 ml sterile water and centrifuged again for 5 minutes at 2500 rpm at room temperature. After removing the supernatant, the cells were resuspended in 400 ⁇ l of sterile 100 mM lithium acetate.
- YPD complex yeast extract peptone dextrose
- a transformation mix was prepared in a 2 ml tube as follows: 250 of 50% PEG, 10 "carrier” DNA at 5 mg / mL, 36 ⁇ M, 1 M lithium acetate, 10 ⁇ ⁇ purified PCR reaction (deletion cassette) and water to 350 ⁇ .
- the tube was centrifuged for 1 minute at 5000 rpm at room temperature and the supernatant discarded.
- Cells were resuspended in 2 mL of YPD, transferred to a 14 mL tube and incubated for 2 hours at 30 ° C 200 rpm. The cells were then centrifuged for 1 minute at 5000 rpm at room temperature. The supernatant was removed and the cells resuspended in 1 ml of sterile water and centrifuged again for 1 minute and resuspended in 100 ⁇ l of sterile water and spread on YPD + G418 180 ⁇ g / ml.
- the coding phase of the hygromycin B resistance gene resulting from the hphMX cassette (loxP-pAgTEF1-hphMX-tAgTEF1-loxP) and contained on the plasmid pUG75 (P30671) - Euroscarf, is amplified with the oligonucleotides Sdnqml and Rdnqml ( Table 8). This makes it possible to generate an Anqml PCR amplicon containing, at the ends, homologous recombination sequences of the NQM1 Transaldolase gene locus.
- strain EQ-0520 (CEN.PK1605 AtoH :: kan) was cultured in a volume of 50 ml YPD complex (yeast extract peptone dextrose) at 30 ° C up to an optical density. at 600nm of 0.8. The cells were centrifuged for 5 minutes at 2500 rpm at room temperature. The supernatant was removed and the cells resuspended in 25 ml sterile water and centrifuged again for 5 minutes at 2500 rpm at room temperature. After removing the supernatant, the cells were resuspended in 400 ⁇ l of sterile 100 mM lithium acetate.
- YPD complex yeast extract peptone dextrose
- a transformation mix was prepared in a 2 ml tube as follows: 250 ⁇ l, 50% PEG, 10 ⁇ l, "carrier" DNA at 5 mg / ml, 36 ⁇ l, lithium acetate 1M, 10 ⁇ ⁇ purified PCR reaction (deletion cassette) and water to 350 ⁇ .
- a gene encoding a phosphoribulokinase PRK which is grafted onto the pentose phosphate pathway by consuming ribulose-5P to give ribulose-1.5bisP and
- RuBisCO type I (with RbcL and RbcS structural genes and RbcX, GroES and GroEL chaperones). RuBisCO consumes ribulose-1.5bisP and one mole of CO2 to form 3phosphoglycerate
- yeast gene lacks alpha-farnesene synthase gene (AFS1; GenBank accession number AY182241).
- the seven genes required for engineering were cloned on three plasmid vectors capable of replicating autonomously, with compatible origins of replication and each carrying a gene for complementation of different auxotrophies, making it possible to select the strains containing the three plasmid constructs. Two of these plasmids are monocopies, with an Ars / CEN origin of replication and the third is multicopy with a 2 ⁇ origin.
- strain EQ-0521 was grown in a volume of 50 ml of YPD rich complex medium at 30 ° C and mix the following transformation: 250 ⁇ ⁇ of 50% PEG, 10 DNA " 5 mg / mL carrier, 36 1M lithium acetate, 10 (3 ⁇ % of a combination of pFPP45 + pFPP56 + pFPP20 or pL4 + pFPP56 + pFPP20 or pL5 + pFL36 + pCM185) and water at 350 ⁇ .
- YNB yeast without nitrogen base supplemented with ammonium sulfate 1 , glucose
- CSM MP Biomedicals
- the strains obtained are:
- EQ-0525 (CEN.PK1605) (pL5 + pFL36 + pCM185) Strains EQ-0523 (PRK / RuBisCO / AtoH :: kan ⁇ nqml :: hph), EQ-0524 (PRK / RuBisCO / AtoH :: kan Anqml :: hph + farnesene synthase) and EQ-0525 (farnesene synthase) to growth on YNB liquid medium with 20g / L glucose and 10% C0 2
- the batch cultures carried out in Erlenmeyer flasks are carried out with the appropriate culture medium and an exogenous CO2 supply of 10%, in a shaking incubator (120 RPM, 30 ° C.), with an inoculation at 0.05 OD 600 nm measured using an EON spectrophotometer (BioTek Instruments).
- the strain of interest is cultured on YNB + CSM-LUW medium with 20 g / L of glucose and an exogenous CO2 contribution of 10%
- the strains are adapted to a minimum mineral medium free of the amino acids and nitrogenous base included in the CSM-LUW, that is only YNB with 20 g / L of glucose and an exogenous CO2 contribution.
- This strain of interest is compared with a reference strain EQ-0525 producing farnesene following the addition of a heterologous farnesene synthase, without deletion of TAL1 and NQM1 nor addition of exogenous PRK and RuBisCO. Batch cultures carried out in Erlenmeyer flasks are carried out under the conditions described above.
- the concentration of farnesene is quantified from the supernatant of fermentation must. Briefly, the cell suspensions are centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes. The dodecane phase is diluted 10-fold in hexane and is injected into GC-MS for analysis according to the protocol described in Tippman et al. (Biotechnol Bioeng 2016, 1131: 72-81).
- This strain is derived from a gene deletion library (Baba et al., Mol Syst Biol., 2006; 2: 2006.0008) in Escherichia coli and supplied by the Coli Genetic Stock Center under the name JW0715-2 and with the reference 8786 (JW0715-2: MG1655 AsucA :: Kan). a) Elimination of the selection cassette by specific recombination of the FTR regions by recombination Flp
- the selection cassette had to be removed using a recombinase.
- the plasmid p707-Flpe (supplied in the Quick & Easy E. coli Gene Deletion Red® / ET® Recombination kit by Gene bridges) is transformed by electroporation according to the kit protocol.
- the cells are selected on LB agar supplemented with 0.2% glucose, tetracycline 0.0003% and added 0.3% L-arabinose.
- Counter-selection of the clones obtained is carried out by verifying that they are no longer able to grow on the same medium supplemented with kanamycin 0.0015%.
- the strain obtained is called EQ.EC002: MG1655 AsucA b) Deletion of the edd-eda operon, coding for the Entner-Doudorojf metabolic pathway
- the deletion of the edd-eda operon is carried out by homologous recombination and use of the Quick & Easy E. coli Gene Deletion Red® / ET® Recombination Kit, according to the protocol of the supplier Gene bridges.
- Oligonucleotides designed to amplify an expression cassette of a FRT-PKG-gb2-neo-FRT resistance gene and having a 50 nucleotide homologous 5'-sequence at adjacent regions of the deletion locus (positions 1932065- 1932115 and 1934604-1934654) on the chromosome, thus generating recombination arms of the cassette on the bacterial genome on either side of the entire operon;
- the strain of Escherichia coli K-12, EQ.EC002 is transformed by electroporation with the plasmid pRedET according to the kit protocol.
- the colonies obtained are selected on rich medium complex LB agar 0.2% glucose, tetracycline 0.0003%;
- Plasmid p707-Flpe (supplied in the Quick & Easy E. coli Gene Deletion Red® kit / ET® Recombination by Gene bridges) is transformed by electroporation according to the kit protocol. The cells are selected on LB agar supplemented with 0.2% glucose, 0.0003% tetracycline and added with 0.3% L-arabinose. Counter-selection of the clones obtained is carried out by verifying that they are no longer able to grow on the same medium supplemented with kanamycin 0.0015%.
- the strain obtained is called EQ.EC003: MG1655 AsucA Aedd-eda c) Deletion of the talA gene
- the deletion of the talA gene is carried out by homologous recombination and the use of the Quick & Easy E. coli Gene Deletion Red® / ET® Recombination Kit, according to the protocol of the supplier Gene bridges.
- Oligonucleotides designed to amplify an expression cassette of a FRT-PKG-gb2-neo-FRT resistance gene and having a 5 'homologous sequence on 50 nucleotides to the adjacent regions of the deletion locus, that is to say the coding phase of the gene (talA) (Gene ID: 947006), thereby generating recombination arms of the cassette on the bacterial genome.
- the strain of Escherichia coli K-12, EQ.EC003 is transformed by electroporation with the plasmid pRedET, according to the kit protocol.
- the colonies obtained are selected on rich medium complex LB agar 0.2% glucose, tetracycline 0.0003%.
- ribosome binding sequences presented in the Table, having variable translation efficiencies, as described in Zelcbuch et al. (Zelcbuch et al., Nucleic Acids Res 2013 May; 41 (9): e98; Levin-Karp et al., ACS Synth Biol. 2013 Jun 21; 2 (6): 327-36. Doi: 10.1021 / sb400002n) are inserted between the coding phase of each gene.
- each coding phase intercalated by an RBS sequence is constructed by successive insertion into a pZA1 vector (Expressys) which contains a PLtetO-1 promoter, a pl5A average replication origin, and an ampicillin resistance gene.
- Table 11 Composition of expression cassettes on plasmids
- A (SEQ ID NO: 5) AGGAGGTTTGGA
- EQ.EC 021 (EQ.EC 004+ pEQEC005): MG1655 AsucA Aedd-eda-talAr.kan (RuBisCO)
- EQ.EC 022 (EQ.EC 004+ pEQEC006): MG1655 AsucA Aedd-eda talAr. kan (RuBisCO + PRK)
- EQ.EC 024 (EQ.EC 003+ pEQEC008): MG1655 AsucA Aedd-eda AtalArkan (PRK)
- the clones are selected on LB medium supplemented with 100 mg / L of ampicillin. After obtaining a sufficient amount of biomass, cultures with a volume greater than or equal to 50 ml in Erlenmeyer flasks of at least 250 ml are seeded in order to adapt the strain to the use of PRK / RuBisCO engineering. . This adaptation is carried out on the LB culture medium with 2 g / l of glucose, and an exogenous C0 2 feed of 1 atmosphere at 37 ° C. as described above.
- the cells from 500 ml of LB culture are inoculated into 20 ml of MS medium (40 g / l of glucose, 1 g / l MgSO 4 .7H 2 O, 20 g / l).
- MS medium 40 g / l of glucose, 1 g / l MgSO 4 .7H 2 O, 20 g / l).
- Glutamate and residual glucose are measured with an organic analyzer (Sakura seiki).
- the Y p / S carbon yield is calculated in grams of glutamate produced per gram of glucose consumed. This yield increases by 8% in the EQ.EC 022 strains (RuBisCO + PRK), compared with the control strains EQ.EC 020 (empty), EQ.EC 021 (RuBisCO alone).
- the control strain EQ.EC 024 (PRK alone) is not viable.
- Example 4 Improvement of PHB production in C. necator a) Inhibition of the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway The increase in reducing power can also improve in an interesting way the yield of already existing metabolic pathways. This is the case for the bacterial strain Ralstonia eutropha ATCC 17699 (Cupriavidus necator) which naturally produces polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). This bacterium is capable of developing both in autotrophic and heterotrophic conditions.
- the deletion, according to the invention, of the tal gene makes it possible to concentrate the metabolic flux on the oxidative pathway of the pentose phosphates by increasing the NADPH reduced nucleotide pool, thus making it possible to increase the production yield of PHB. , but also to use the pathway of glycolysis.
- This Cuprividus necator strain (R. eutropha H16) has a plasmid pHG1 mega and two chromosomes. Deletion of the tal gene is achieved by generating a SacA suicide gene vector for gram negative bacteria, as described in Trocet et al. and Lindenkamp et al.
- the transfer of the genetic material is done by conjugation by depositing on a plate a culture deposition point of Ralstonia Eutropha on a box containing a cellular carpet of bacteria S 17-1 and the selection is made on medium NT (Nutrient browth) to 30 ° C, in the presence of 10% sucrose as a selection (Hogrefe et al., J. Bacteriol 1984 Apr; 158 (l): 43-8.) And validated on a mineral medium containing 25 ⁇ g / ml tetracycline.
- Two PCR amplicons corresponding to the adjacent regions of the edd and eda genes are cloned by restriction according to the procedure described in Srinivasan et al. (Appl., Environ Microbiol., 2002 Dec, 68 (12): 5925-32) in the plasmid pJQ200mpl8Cm.
- the modified plasmid pJQ200mpl8Cm : Aedd-eda is then transformed into a strain of E. coli S 17-1, by transformation by the calcium chloride method.
- the transfer of the genetic material is done by conjugation, by depositing on a plate a culture deposition point of Ralstonia Eutropha EQCN_010 on a box containing a cellular carpet of bacteria S 17-1 and the selection is done on NT medium (Nutrient browth) at 30 ° C., in the presence of 10% sucrose by selection (Hogrefe et al., J. Bacteriol 1984 Apr; 158 (1): 43-8) and validated on a mineral medium containing 50 ⁇ g / ml chloramphenicol.
- the inoculum from a frozen stock is spread on a solid medium at a rate of 50 to 100 ⁇ ⁇ from a cryotube incubated at 30 ° C for 48 to 96h, in the presence of glucose.
- Expression of the genes encoding RuBisCO and PRK are maintained in C. necator under heterotrophic aerobic conditions (Rie Shimizu et al., Sci. Rep. 2015; 5: 11617. Published online 2015 Jul 1.).
- the batch cultures carried out in Erlenmeyer flasks (10 ml in 50 ml, then 50 ml in 250 ml) are carried out with the appropriate culture medium, glucose 20 g / l and an exogenous C0 2 supply of 10% in a stirred incubator. (100-200 RPM, 30 ° C), with minimal inoculation
- strain of interest EQCN_011 improving the production yield of PHB is compared with a reference strain H16 naturally accumulating PHB in heterotrophic conditions in the presence of a nutritional limitation.
- the productivity of the strains is compared in bioreactors.
- the cultures carried out in bioreactors are inoculated from solid and / or liquid amplification chains into Erlenmeyer flasks under the conditions described above.
- the 750-ml My-control (Applikon Biotechnology, Delft, Netherlands) bioreactors or 2.5 L Biostat B (Sartorius Stedim, Goettingen, Germany) are stocked at a minimum concentration equivalent to
- the accumulation of PHB is decoupled from growth.
- the culture is regulated at 30 ° C, aeration is maintained between 0.1 VVM (gas volume / liquid volume / min) and 1 VVM, in order to maintain a minimum concentration of dissolved oxygen greater than 20% (30 ° C, 1 bar).
- the agitation is adapted according to the scale of the bioreactor used.
- the inlet gas flow rate consists of air optionally supplemented with CO2.
- the CO2 supplementation is between 1 and 10%.
- the pH is regulated to 7, by adding a solution of ammonia at 14 or 7%.
- the fed-batch culture mode allows a non-limiting carbon substrate contribution associated with a phosphorus or nitrogen limitation, while maintaining a constant carbon / phosphorus or carbon / nitrogen ratio.
- the protocol consists in adding 1 ml of chloroform to 10 mg of freeze-dried cells followed by addition of 850 ⁇ l of methanol and 150 ⁇ l of sulfuric acid. The mixture is heated for 2.5 hours at 100 ° C, cooled and 500 ⁇ 1 of water are added. The two phases are separated by centrifugation and the organic phase is dried by the addition of sodium sulfate. The samples are filtered and analyzed as described by Millier et al. (Appl Environ Microbiol 2013 Jul; 79 (14): 4433-9). Comparison of cultures of wild-type C. necator H16 and strain EQCN_011: H16 Atal Aedd-eda, respectively, shows a 2% increase in PHB production yield (in grams of PHB per gram of glucose consumed) in favor of the modified strain according to the invention.
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KR1020197022622A KR20190114982A (ko) | 2017-01-27 | 2018-01-26 | 대상 분자의 생산을 위한 유전자 최적화 미생물 |
BR112019015411-6A BR112019015411A2 (pt) | 2017-01-27 | 2018-01-26 | Microorganismo geneticamente otimizado para produzir moléculas de interesse |
EP18702646.3A EP3574082A1 (fr) | 2017-01-27 | 2018-01-26 | Microorganisme génétiquement optimisé pour la production de molécules d'intérêt |
CN201880019539.8A CN110475851A (zh) | 2017-01-27 | 2018-01-26 | 用于产生感兴趣的分子的经基因优化的微生物 |
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