WO2018137183A1 - 一种波束生成方法及基站 - Google Patents

一种波束生成方法及基站 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018137183A1
WO2018137183A1 PCT/CN2017/072650 CN2017072650W WO2018137183A1 WO 2018137183 A1 WO2018137183 A1 WO 2018137183A1 CN 2017072650 W CN2017072650 W CN 2017072650W WO 2018137183 A1 WO2018137183 A1 WO 2018137183A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
array
plane
antenna array
base station
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PCT/CN2017/072650
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2018137183A9 (zh
Inventor
娄延年
肖伟宏
马霓
杨敬
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华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2017/072650 priority Critical patent/WO2018137183A1/zh
Priority to EP17893705.8A priority patent/EP3565128A4/en
Priority to CN201780082005.5A priority patent/CN110121841A/zh
Publication of WO2018137183A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018137183A1/zh
Priority to US16/521,406 priority patent/US20190349050A1/en
Publication of WO2018137183A9 publication Critical patent/WO2018137183A9/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/40—Circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/10—Polarisation diversity; Directional diversity

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of mobile communications technologies, and in particular, to a beam generating method and a base station.
  • Beam-domain communication refers to weighting the signals on different arrays of line or area array antennas, using the interference principle to form beams, so that the signals are enhanced in the specified direction and weakened in other directions, so that users in different directions Space division multiplexing can be performed to increase system capacity.
  • the signal of RRU1 passes After the weights are weighted, the Beam0 beam is formed, and the signal of RRU2 passes. After the weights are weighted, the Beam1 beam is formed, and the directions of the two beams are different, so that space division multiplexing of two users can be performed.
  • the weighting process can be written in matrix form Each column represents a weight-weighted beam corresponding to one transmit logical channel (followed by 1T), and each row represents an actual physical antenna element in the horizontal direction.
  • the weights can be added to the +45° polarized antenna and the -45° polarized antenna respectively. These two beams are covered and can be regarded as a 2T beam.
  • the conventional weighting method can only generate a maximum of 2T beams, when the terminal is a 4 receiving antenna terminal (hereinafter referred to as a 4R terminal), 4x4 Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission cannot be performed.
  • MIMO Multiple-Input Multiple-Output
  • the performance of the beam domain communication under the 4R terminal is limited; in addition, due to the limitation of the antenna deployment space, the broadband support requirement, the installation cost, etc., only a relatively small number of antenna columns (such as a 4-column antenna) can be used in an actual system, and cannot rely on Increase the number of columns to increase support for 4x4 MIMO.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an array antenna array and a horizontal weight matrix in the prior art.
  • the prior art scheme uses four columns of dual-polarized antennas to form horizontal two beams. Each beam contains 4T channels, and the 8T8R scheme is obtained.
  • the horizontal direction weighting matrix of the scheme is as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the 4T logical channel in one beam uses the same weight to ensure the same coverage, and the weights are respectively added to the +45° polarization array and On a -45° polarization array, where 2T of the same polarization is generated by the same set of frames plus weights.
  • a disadvantage of the prior art 1 described above is that the correlation between the same polarization 2T is 1, which is indistinguishable, and is only a 4T beam in the form, and can only be used as a 2T beam.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an array antenna array and a horizontal weight matrix in the prior art
  • the prior art is an extension of the first scheme, and the number of columns is used to solve the problem in the beam.
  • Co-polarization phase The problem of the relationship is 1, the specific scheme is shown in Figure 3.
  • the scheme increases the antenna to 6 columns and is divided into two groups. The left half plane has three columns as one group, the right half plane is one group, and the horizontal weight is performed for three columns of antennas.
  • the weighting matrix is as shown in the figure. 3 is shown.
  • a 4T logical channel within a beam still uses the same weight, and the weights are added to the +45° polarized left half-plane array, the +45° polarized right half-plane array, and the -45° polarized left half-plane array, respectively.
  • the 45° polarized left half-array array forms the same covered 4T beam.
  • each logical channel in the beam uses the same weighting matrix, the weighting is on different planes, so the correlation between logical antennas is less than 1, which can be distinguished and can be used as a true 4T beam.
  • the disadvantages of the above prior art 2 mainly include two aspects, one is that the antenna width is greatly increased, and the other is that the beam quality is degraded. Since the antenna is increased from 4 columns to 6 columns, the antenna width is greatly increased. Taking the 2.6 GHz band as an example, the array width of the 4-column antenna is 231 mm, and the casing width can be controlled within 330 mm after the casing is included, and the array width of the 6-column antenna is 346mm, including the outer casing, can generally be controlled within 440mm. The increase in the width of the antenna will make the wind resistance larger, and the strength requirement of the mounting structural member becomes higher, which is not conducive to popularization.
  • the degradation of the beam quality is caused by a reduction in the number of formations forming the beam and a reduction in the equivalent aperture. Since the antennas are grouped left and right, each logical antenna is weighted using only three columns of antennas, resulting in a reduction in the number of elements and an equivalent aperture, resulting in a degradation in beam quality.
  • the present invention provides a beam generating method and a base station for solving the problem of increasing the number of antenna columns and the degradation of the communication beam quality when the beam is expanded from 2T to 4T in the prior art.
  • the application provides a beam generating method, the method comprising:
  • the base station generates a signal through the baseband
  • the base station weights the signal according to the weight and maps to the upper half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna, and/or to the lower half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna to form a beam.
  • the antenna array is stacked on the upper and lower sides to form two half planes. Each half plane is independently weighted by the array.
  • the number of logical channels that can be mapped by multiple signals generated by the baseband is doubled, so that the expansion of the beam can be realized without increasing the number of antenna columns, for example, from 2T to 4T, which can reduce the actual deployment difficulty, and since there is no
  • the half-plane antenna width is reduced, so the communication beam quality is not affected.
  • the upper half-plane antenna array and the lower-half-plane antenna array share an N-line antenna array, and N is an integer greater than 1.
  • the upper half-plane antenna array and the lower half-plane antenna array share a partial antenna array, which can reduce the difficulty of antenna deployment and is beneficial to engineering implementation.
  • each of the N rows of antenna arrays includes an antenna array belonging to the upper half-plane antenna array and An antenna element belonging to the lower half-plane antenna array; or,
  • the adjacent two rows of antenna arrays in the N-line antenna array belong to the upper half-plane antenna array and the lower half-plane antenna array, respectively.
  • the shared N-line antenna array is alternately shared by the upper and lower half planes, which can reduce the antenna gain loss.
  • any two adjacent ones of the shared N-line antenna elements The vertical spacing between the antenna elements is smaller than the vertical spacing between any adjacent two rows of the non-shared antenna elements in the array antenna array, and any two adjacent antennas in the shared N-line antenna array
  • the horizontal spacing between the arrays is equal to the horizontal spacing between any two adjacent arrays of non-shared antenna elements in the array antenna array.
  • the overall antenna height can be reduced, thereby reducing deployment difficulty.
  • the base station according to the weight The signal is weighted and mapped to the upper half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna, and/or to the lower half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna to form a beam, including:
  • the base station weights the signal according to a weight and maps to an upper half plane of the area array antenna +45° polarized antenna array or an upper half plane -45° polarized antenna array, and/or mapped to the area array antenna Half plane + 45° polarized antenna array or lower half plane - 45° polarized antenna array.
  • a signal can be mapped to a ⁇ 45° polarized antenna array in an upper half plane or a lower half plane of the area array antenna, so that the base station can form four generated signals into four identically covered beams, and form a signal.
  • a same coverage beam implements the 4T channel on the base station side without increasing the width of the area array antenna, thus not affecting the communication beam quality.
  • the signal is output from the first standard RRU to the feed network
  • the base station weights the signal according to the weight to map to the upper half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna, or to the lower half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna to form a beam, including:
  • the base station weights the signal according to a set of weights by the feed network to map to the upper half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna or to the lower half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna to form a beam.
  • the first system may be a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), a Long Term Evolution (LTE), a New Radio (NR), and other communication systems, for the first communication system.
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • NR New Radio
  • the specific type of the application is not specifically limited.
  • the base station weights the signal to a area array antenna according to a set of weights through a feed network
  • the upper half-plane antenna array, or the lower half-plane antenna array mapped to the area array antenna forms a beam, including:
  • the base station weights the signal according to a set of weights through a feeding network and maps to an upper half plane +45° polarized antenna array or an upper half plane -45° polarized antenna array of the area array antenna, or mapped to a surface
  • the lower half of the array antenna +45° polarized antenna array or lower half plane -45° polarized antenna array forms a beam.
  • the signal is output from the second standard RRU to the power splitter to generate two signals and output to the feed network;
  • the base station weights the signal according to the weight and maps to the upper half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna, and maps to the lower half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna to form a beam, including:
  • the base station weights the two signals and maps them to the area array antenna according to a set of weights through the feed network.
  • the second system may be a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), a Long Term Evolution (LTE), a New Radio (NR), and other communication systems, for the second communication system.
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • NR New Radio
  • the signal output by the second communication system RRU is used to generate two signals by using a power splitter, and a beam is formed according to the two signals, so that the signal enhancement can be implemented.
  • the base station by using a feeding network, weights the two signals to each of the two signals according to a set of weights
  • An upper half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna and a lower half-plane antenna array mapped to the area array antenna form a beam, including:
  • the base station weights the two signals by a feeding network according to a set of weights and maps to the upper half plane +45° polarized antenna array of the area array antenna, and the lower half plane of the area array antenna +45° pole Antenna array to form a beam; or,
  • the base station weights the two signals by a feeding network according to a set of weights and maps to the upper half-plane 45-degree polarized antenna array of the area array antenna, and the lower half-plane of the area array antenna -45° pole
  • the antenna array is formed to form a beam.
  • the application provides a base station, where the base station includes:
  • a baseband unit for generating a signal
  • the feed network is configured to weight the signal according to the weight and map to the upper half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna, and/or to the lower half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna to form a beam.
  • the antenna array is stacked on the upper and lower sides to form two half planes. Each half plane is independently weighted by the array.
  • the number of logical channels that can be mapped by multiple signals generated by the baseband is doubled, so that the expansion of the beam can be realized without reducing the width of the antenna of the half plane, for example, from 2T to 4T, since the half plane is not reduced.
  • the width of the antenna (the reason why the beam quality is not affected is that the antenna width is not reduced after being divided into two half planes.
  • the beam quality degradation of the prior art scheme 2 is because the width of each half plane is reduced after being divided into two half planes) Therefore, the communication beam quality is not affected.
  • the upper half-plane antenna array and the lower half-plane antenna array share an N-line antenna array, and N is an integer greater than 1.
  • the upper half-plane antenna array and the lower half-plane antenna array share a partial antenna array, which can reduce the difficulty of antenna deployment and is beneficial to engineering implementation.
  • each of the N rows of antenna arrays includes an antenna array belonging to the upper half-plane antenna array and An antenna element belonging to the lower half-plane antenna array;
  • the adjacent two rows of antenna arrays in the N-line antenna array belong to the upper half-plane antenna array and the lower half-plane antenna array, respectively.
  • the shared N-line antenna array is alternately shared by the upper and lower half planes, which can reduce the antenna gain loss.
  • any two adjacent ones of the shared N-line antenna elements The vertical spacing between the antenna elements is smaller than the vertical spacing between any adjacent two rows of the non-shared antenna elements in the array antenna array, and any two adjacent antennas in the shared N-line antenna array
  • the horizontal spacing between the arrays is equal to the array antenna array The horizontal spacing between any two adjacent arrays of antenna elements shared by China and Africa.
  • the overall antenna height can be reduced, thereby reducing deployment difficulty.
  • the feeding network Specifically used for:
  • the signal is weighted according to the weight and mapped to the upper half plane +45° polarized antenna array or the upper half plane -45° polarized antenna array of the area array antenna, and/or to the lower half plane of the area array antenna + 45° polarized antenna array or lower half plane - 45° polarized antenna array.
  • a signal can be mapped to a ⁇ 45° polarized antenna array in an upper half plane or a lower half plane of the area array antenna, so that the base station can form four generated signals into four identically covered beams, and form a signal.
  • a same coverage beam implements the 4T channel on the base station side and does not reduce the width of the half-plane of the area array antenna, thus not affecting the communication beam quality.
  • the signal is output from the first standard RRU to the feed network
  • the feed network is specifically configured to: after weighting the signal according to a set of weights, mapping to an upper half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna, or mapping to a lower half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna to form a beam.
  • the first system may be a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), a Long Term Evolution (LTE), a New Radio (NR), and other communication systems, for the first communication system.
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • NR New Radio
  • the specific type of the application is not specifically limited.
  • the feeding network is specifically configured to: after weighting the signal according to a set of weights, mapping to the signal The upper half of the area antenna +45° polarized antenna array or upper half plane -45° polarized antenna array, or mapped to the lower half of the area array antenna +45° polarized antenna array or lower half plane -45°
  • the antenna array is polarized to form a beam.
  • the signal is output from the second standard RRU to the power splitter to generate two signals and output to the feed network;
  • the feed network is specifically configured to: after weighting the two signals according to a set of weights, mapping to the upper half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna, and mapping to the lower half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna, forming Beam.
  • the second system may be a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), a Long Term Evolution (LTE), a New Radio (NR), and other communication systems, for the second communication system.
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • NR New Radio
  • the signal output by the second communication system RRU is used to generate two signals by using a power splitter, and a beam is formed according to the two signals, so that the signal enhancement can be implemented.
  • the feeding network is configured to: separately weight the two signals according to a set of weights Rear mapping to the upper half of the area array antenna +45° polarized antenna array, and the lower half of the area array antenna +45° polarized antenna array to form a beam; or
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a computer readable storage medium, where a computer-executable instruction is stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and a processor of the base station executes the computer to execute an instruction, so that the base station performs the foregoing A step performed by a base station in a beamforming method, or causing a base station to deploy a functional unit corresponding to the step.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, the computer program product comprising computer execution instructions, the computer execution instructions being stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the processor of the base station can read the computer execution instructions from the computer readable storage medium; the processor executes the computer to execute the instructions, so that the base station performs the steps performed by the base station in the beam generating method provided by the embodiment of the present application, or causes the base station to deploy The functional unit corresponding to this step.
  • 1 is a schematic diagram of a beam communication principle
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a planar array antenna array and a horizontal direction weighting matrix of the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an area array antenna array and a horizontal direction weighting matrix of the prior art 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a beam generating method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a beam generating method according to Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of correlation between logical antennas according to Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the antenna gain of the 2.6 m antenna height in the vertical direction
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the antenna gain of the 2 m antenna height in the vertical direction
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a shared array provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a vertical direction of an antenna gain corresponding to Embodiment 1 of a shared hopping technology according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a vertical direction of antenna gain corresponding to Embodiment 2 of a shared hopping technology according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a common antenna array of upper and lower half planes according to Embodiment 1 of the present application;
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a beam generating method according to Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a beam generating method according to Embodiment 3 of the present application.
  • Figure 15 is a vertical plan view of two half-plane joint driving according to the third embodiment of the present application.
  • 16 is a schematic diagram showing the ratio of the number of transmission streams of each solution provided by the present application.
  • 17 is a schematic diagram of comparison of user transmission rates provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of smooth evolution of UMTS to LTE according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 19 is a schematic diagram of three beams in massive MIMO
  • Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of four beams in massive MIMO
  • Figure 21 is a base station provided by the present application.
  • Figure 22 is a base station provided by the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application is applicable to 3G (third generation mobile communication system), such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), 4G (fourth generation mobile communication system) evolution system, such as LTE (Long Term Evolution, long term) Evolution) system, 5G (fifth generation mobile communication system) system, such as adopting new type An access network of a new radio access technology (New RAT); a communication network such as a CRAN (Cloud Radio Access Network).
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • 4G (fourth generation mobile communication system) evolution system such as LTE (Long Term Evolution, long term) Evolution) system
  • 5G (fifth generation mobile communication system) system such as adopting new type An access network of a new radio access technology (New RAT); a communication network such as a CRAN (Cloud Radio Access Network).
  • New RAT New Radio Access Network
  • the term "base station” includes but is not limited to a base station, a node, a base station controller, an access point (AP), a macro station, a micro station or a small station, a high frequency station, a low frequency station, a beam, A relay station, a part of a base station function, a CRAN unit or any other type of interface device capable of operating in a wireless environment.
  • the "base station” includes, but is not limited to, a base station in a 3G system, a base station in a 4G system, and a base station in a 5G system.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a beam generating method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method is performed by a base station and is applicable to a base station system having an antenna array, including:
  • Step 401 The base station generates a signal by using a baseband.
  • Step 402 The base station weights the signal according to the weight to map to the upper half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna, and/or to the lower half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna to form a beam.
  • the base station first generates a signal by using a baseband.
  • the number of generated signals is generally multiple, for example, four, eight, sixteen, and the like are generated, and the number of generated signals and the number of logical channels of the antenna array are The same, that is, if the four beams that generate the four logical channels are covered, the base station generates four signals through the baseband, corresponding to the corresponding four logical channels respectively; if two identical coverage beams are generated, each of the same coverage beams is included.
  • the base station For four logical channels, the base station generates eight signals through the baseband, corresponding to eight logical channels.
  • the base station performs weighting by weight, and maps to the upper half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna, or to the lower half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna, or It is simultaneously mapped to the upper half-plane antenna array and the lower half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna.
  • the embodiment of the present application can implement a true multi-channel beam, for example, a 4T channel beam, and compared with the prior art 2 mentioned in the background art, the embodiment of the present application Instead of increasing the number of antenna columns, the array antennas are stacked on top of each other to form two half-planes, each of which is independently weighted by the array. A signal generated for the baseband can be mapped to the upper half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna.
  • mapping to the lower half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna or simultaneously mapping to the upper half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna and the lower half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna to form a beam, so that multiple signals generated by the baseband can be
  • the number of mapped logical channels is doubled, so that the expansion of the beam can be realized without increasing the number of antenna columns, for example, from 2T to 4T, which can reduce the actual deployment difficulty, and because the antenna width of the half plane is not reduced. Therefore, the communication beam quality is not affected.
  • Embodiment 5 is a schematic diagram of a beam generating method according to Embodiment 1 of the present application, wherein the number of columns of the area array antenna is 4, the upper half plane of the area array antenna includes 6 rows of antenna elements, and the lower half plane includes 6 rows of antenna elements. And the middle three-row antenna array is shared by the upper half plane and the lower half plane.
  • the embodiment of the present application may also be that the upper and lower half planes do not share the antenna array, that is, the upper and lower half planes each include a partial antenna array and there is no shared antenna.
  • the array here, only the upper half plane includes a common antenna array as an example.
  • each antenna element of the area array antenna is a polarized antenna element, that is, an antenna array of +45° and an antenna array of -45° (of course, it may not be a polarized antenna element, and the embodiment of the present application will Take the polarized antenna array as an example for explanation).
  • the base station generates 8 signals through the baseband, as shown in FIG. 5, and the 8 signals are respectively composed of two wireless remote units.
  • RRU Radio Remote Unit
  • the communication system of the first RRU is LTE
  • the communication system of the second RRU is LTE
  • the first RRU outputs four signals generated by the baseband to the feed network. Weighted by the feed network using weights, they are mapped to the +45° antenna element of the upper half plane and the antenna plane of -45°.
  • [w 0,0 , w 1,0 , w 2,0 , w 3,0 ] T is referred to as a first set of weights
  • [w 0,1 ,w 1, 1 , w 2,1 , w 3,1 ] T is referred to as the second set of weights
  • the feed network maps the first signal output by the first RRU to the +45° antenna array of the upper half-plane antenna array by weighting the first set of weights
  • the feed network maps the second signal output by the first RRU to the -45° antenna array of the upper half-plane antenna array by weighting the first set of weights;
  • the feeding network weights the third signal output by the first RRU to the +45° antenna array of the upper half-plane antenna array by weighting the second set of weights;
  • the feed network maps the fourth signal output by the first RRU to the -45° antenna array of the upper half-plane antenna array by weighting the second set of weights;
  • the feed network maps the first signal output by the second RRU to the +45° antenna array of the upper half-plane antenna array by weighting the first set of weights
  • the feed network maps the second signal output by the second RRU to the -45° antenna array of the upper half-plane antenna array by weighting the first set of weights
  • the feed network maps the third signal output by the second RRU to the +45° antenna array of the upper half-plane antenna array by weighting the second set of weights;
  • the feed network maps the fourth signal of the second RRU to the -45° antenna array of the upper half-plane antenna array using a second set of weights.
  • the first RRU is used to drive the upper half-plane antenna array (including the +45° antenna array and the -45° antenna array), and the second RRU is used to drive the lower half-plane antenna array (including +45°).
  • Antenna array and -45° antenna array the first two signals of the first RRU output and the first two signals of the second RRU output are weighted using the same weight (ie, the first set of weights), thus forming the same coverage
  • Beam0 is composed of the same coverage beam generated by four signals
  • the latter two signals of the second RRU output and the output of the second RRU are The two signals are weighted using the same weight (ie the second set of weights), thus forming the beams of the four covered logical channels, namely Beam1 (representing beam 1) as shown in Figure 5, ie, Beam1 consists of four
  • the signal is generated by the same coverage beam.
  • the solution of the first embodiment of the present application stacks the array antennas up and down to form two half planes, and each half plane independently performs horizontal and vertical matrix weighting.
  • the weighting matrix is shown in Fig. 5.
  • the left and right beams indicated by the dot matrix are weighted by the upper half plane, and the left and right beams indicated by the vertical lines are weighted by the lower half plane.
  • the antenna remains in 4 columns, and the 4T logical channels in each of the same coverage beams (ie, Beam0 and Beam1) are respectively +45° polarization array in the upper half plane, 45° polarization array in the upper half plane, and lower half plane +
  • the 45° polarization array and the lower half plane -45° polarization array perform weighted emission.
  • the weights used by the logical channels are the same, the beams formed by the logical channel weighting are the same coverage, and since each logical channel uses the different matrix element weighting, the correlation between the 4T logical channels is less than 1,
  • the same coverage beam can be used as a 4T beam with the ability to transmit rank 3-4.
  • the 8T logical channel (each of the same coverage beam is 4T) can be driven by two 4T RRUs, respectively driving the upper and lower half-planes.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of correlation between logical antennas according to Embodiment 1 of the present application, according to a WINNER plus channel.
  • the model generates 1000 sets of physical channels and evaluates the average correlation between the weighted logical channels.
  • the result is shown in Figure 6, where the x-axis represents the logical channel label and the solid line represents the correlation between logical channel 1 and each logical channel. Representing the correlation between logical channel 3 and each logical channel, it can be seen that only the autocorrelation of the logical antenna is 1 in the scheme, and the cross-correlation between the logical antennas is less than 1, so it can be used as a 4T logic antenna.
  • the scheme also uses a partial array upper and lower half-plane interleaving sharing technology to reduce the height of the antenna after stacking up and down, while maintaining a certain antenna gain.
  • the specific analysis is as follows:
  • the antenna gain of the 2.6 m antenna height is in the vertical direction, and the antenna gain is 19.262 dB, as shown in FIG. 8 , which is a schematic diagram of the antenna gain of the 2 m antenna height in the vertical direction, and the antenna thereof.
  • the gain is 18.270dB, and the antenna gain is reduced from 19.262dB to 18.270dB.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the antenna gain corresponding to the embodiment 1 of the shared matrix technology in the vertical direction.
  • the antenna gain is 18.812 dB, and FIG. 11 is shared.
  • the antenna gain corresponding to the antenna technology embodiment 2 is shown in the vertical direction. It can be seen that the antenna gain is 18.805 dB. Although the gain is slightly smaller than the 2.6 m antenna due to the missing partial array, it is superior to the equivalent size 2 m antenna.
  • the first embodiment adopts an antenna array belonging to the upper half-plane antenna array and an antenna array belonging to the lower half-plane antenna array in each of the common N-line antenna arrays.
  • the antenna array of Embodiment 2 is that the adjacent two rows of antenna arrays in the N-line antenna array belong to the upper half-plane antenna array and the lower half-plane antenna array, respectively.
  • the vertical partial array is used to achieve common use of the upper and lower planes by interleaving, reducing the height of the array antenna after being stacked on top of each other, and minimizing antenna gain loss, including:
  • the vertical spacing of the shared matrices is smaller than the non-shared matrices, and the horizontal spacing remains the same as the non-shared matrices;
  • the antenna arrays shared by the upper and lower half planes are not limited.
  • the upper and lower half-plane shared antenna arrays are provided in the first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is only an example, the actual array distribution.
  • the mode is arranged in an actual deployment requirement.
  • the system performance evaluation is performed on the solution of the first embodiment of the present application, and is compared with the system performance evaluation of the prior art 1 and the prior art 2 to illustrate the technical effects brought by the solution of the first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 a schematic diagram of a beam generating method according to Embodiment 2 of the present application, where two RRUs are an RRU of a UMTS system and an RRU of an LTE standard, and a UMTS 4T RRU is used to drive the upper half plane (or The lower half plane), one LTE 4T RRU drives the lower half plane (or the upper half plane) to form one 4T UMTS cell and 4T LTE cell, respectively, each of which is 4 beams.
  • the rest is the same as the first embodiment, that is, the distribution pattern of the area array antenna, the manner in which the upper and lower half planes share the antenna array, the distribution of the vertical distance and the horizontal distance between the antenna elements, and the beam correspondence between the signal of the RRU and the logical channel.
  • the first embodiment that is, the distribution pattern of the area array antenna, the manner in which the upper and lower half planes share the antenna array, the distribution of the vertical distance and the horizontal distance between the antenna elements, and the beam correspondence between the signal of the RRU and the logical channel.
  • FIG. 14 a schematic diagram of a beam generating method according to Embodiment 3 of the present application, wherein, in the UMTS mode (ie, the RRU is an RRU in the UMTS system), each logical channel of the 4T UMTS RRU can pass through a power splitter.
  • Driving the upper and lower half-planes to form a horizontal 2 beam, 2T per beam, thus forming six sectors of UMTS, driving only half of the plane relative to the 4T UMTS RRU, and 1.9dB additional array gain can be obtained by simultaneously driving the upper and lower half planes by the power divider As shown in FIG.
  • the signal generated by the baseband is outputted to the power divider by the second system RRU (in the third embodiment, the second system refers to the UMTS system, and of course, the LTE system, the NR system, etc.).
  • the second system refers to the UMTS system, and of course, the LTE system, the NR system, etc.
  • Two signals are output to the feed network; the base station weights the two signals by a set of weights according to a set of weights and maps them to the upper half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna, and maps to the lower half plane of the area array antenna.
  • the antenna array forms a beam.
  • the base station weights the two signals by a feeding network according to a set of weights and maps to the upper half plane +45° polarized antenna array of the area array antenna, and the lower half plane of the area array antenna +45° polarization Antenna array to form a beam; or,
  • the base station weights the two signals by a feeding network according to a set of weights and maps to the upper half-plane 45-degree polarized antenna array of the area array antenna, and the lower half-plane of the area array antenna -45° pole
  • the antenna array is formed to form a beam.
  • [w 0,0 , w 1,0 , w 2,0 , w 3,0 ] T is referred to as a first set of weights
  • [w 0,1 , w 1,1 , w 2,1 , w 3,1 ] T is called the second set of weights
  • the UMTS RRU outputs the first signal generated by the baseband to the power splitter to generate two signals, which are mapped to the +45° polarized antenna array of the upper half plane and the +45° polarization of the lower half plane using the first set of weights, respectively.
  • An antenna array forming a first beam
  • the UMTS RRU outputs the second signal generated by the baseband to the power splitter to generate two signals, which are respectively mapped to the -45° polarized antenna array of the upper half plane and the -45° polarization of the lower half plane using the first set of weights respectively.
  • An antenna array forming a second beam
  • the UMTS RRU outputs the third signal generated by the baseband to the power splitter to generate two signals, which are respectively mapped to the +45° polarized antenna array of the upper half plane and the +45° polarization of the lower half plane using the second set of weights respectively.
  • An antenna array forming a third beam
  • the UMTS RRU outputs the fourth signal generated by the baseband to the power splitter to generate two signals, which are respectively mapped to the -45° polarized antenna array of the upper half plane and the -45° polarization of the lower half plane using the second set of weights respectively.
  • the antenna array forms a beam.
  • the first beam and the second beam are weighted by the same weight, and therefore belong to the same coverage beam.
  • the first beam and the second beam of the antenna array are covered together to form a beam.
  • Beam0, the third beam and the fourth beam of the antenna array are covered to form Beam1.
  • the area array antennas are stacked on top of each other and channel mapping is reasonable.
  • a low correlation 4T beam is formed without increasing the number of antenna columns, so that 4x4 MIMO is supported in the beam.
  • the antenna is reduced by the upper and lower half-plane partial array sharing techniques. Height, and reduce antenna gain loss;
  • the area array antennas are stacked on top of each other to form two half planes, each half plane is mapped to a different logical channel, and the horizontal plane uses the same beam shaping weight to form the same coverage 4T beam. Therefore, 4x4 MIMO is supported in the beam.
  • Table 1 shows the mapping relationship between logical channels, beam weights, and arrays.
  • the 4T logical channel in the coverage beam is weighted by different layers, so that when the user is 4 antennas, 4x4 MIMO is supported, and the link4 transmission is supported at most, which improves the peak experience of the user;
  • the horizontal direction of the embodiment of the present application is weighted by four layers, and the beam quality is better, so that better performance can be obtained. Comparing the performance of the prior art 1, the prior art 2, and the first embodiment of the present technical solution, as shown in FIG. 16 and FIG. 16 is a ratio of the number of transmission streams of each scheme, and FIG. 17 is a comparison of the transmission rate of the user.
  • the scheme of the first embodiment of the present application supports a higher proportion of the rank 3 to 4 transmission, which makes the multiplexing of the first embodiment of the present application.
  • the rate is higher, reaching 2.68, while the prior art 1 and the prior art 2 are 1.92 and 2.49, respectively.
  • Supporting a higher proportion of rank3 ⁇ 4 transmissions the user who is embodied as 95% of the cumulative distribution function (CDF) in Figure 17 (the user with good channel quality and can perform rank3 ⁇ 4 transmission) has higher throughput. This shows that the first embodiment of the present application has an advantage in performance, especially in the user's peak transmission rate.
  • CDF cumulative distribution function
  • the antenna gain is compared with the drop rate.
  • the antenna gain of the common antenna of the array in this application is better than that of the antenna of 2 meters. Benefits, and the drop rate is also lower than the drop rate of the 2 meter antenna, and since the application is also deployed with a 2 meter antenna, it is easier to implement than the 2.6 meter antenna deployment.
  • the parameters of the area array antenna are used as an example.
  • the parameters of the antenna array may be applied to other antenna array parameters, which are not specifically limited in this embodiment.
  • a flexible combination of the RRU and the antenna can be implemented to implement the smooth evolution of the UMTS six-sector to the LTE 8T8R.
  • the UMTS-to-LTE smooth evolution of the embodiment of the present application is as follows: :
  • the 4T UMTS RRU can be used to drive the upper and lower half-planes respectively through the power splitter to form a horizontal 2 beam, which constitutes six sectors of the UMTS, as shown in Figure 18(a).
  • a group of 4T LTE RRUs can be directly added to drive the lower half-plane to form a 2-beam LTE cell.
  • the UMTS cell and the LTE cell coexist, as shown in Figure 18(b).
  • the original UMTS RRU can be replaced with the LTE RRU to form a 4Tx2Beam LTE cell, and two 4R terminals are supported for 4x4 MIMO, as shown in FIG. 18(c).
  • the embodiment of the present application supports the smooth evolution of UMTS to LTE: the 4-column split antenna can support 1.8G to 2.1G broadband by optimization, so in the UMTS six-sector-to-LTE evolution process, only the RRU needs to be added or replaced, and the sky surface does not need to be Variation; beamforming is done at the antenna end, there is no joint processing between RRUs, so multiple 4T RRU stitching is supported, and channel correction only needs to reach microseconds.
  • FIG. 19 A schematic diagram of a three-beam in a large-scale MIMO system.
  • the schematic diagram is a six-column (12T12R) 3-beam scenario, in which three RRUs are used (wherein each RRU system is not limited, and may be a 3G system, a 4G system, a 5G system, or One of the other systems) outputs a total of 12 signals to the feed network, and the feed network uses three different weights for weighting, wherein the weighting matrix is as shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 20 it is a schematic diagram of a four-beam in a large-scale MIMO.
  • the schematic diagram is an 8-column (16T16R) 4-beam scenario, where four RRUs are used (wherein, the format of each RRU is not limited, and may be 3G.
  • a total of 16 signals are output to the feed network by the system, 4G system, 5G system or other systems.
  • the feed network uses four different weights for weighting, wherein the weighting matrix is shown in Figure 20, the principle Similar to the first embodiment, it will not be described here.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a base station 2100, which is configured to perform the foregoing beam generating method, and specifically, may be used to perform the foregoing Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 3, and specifically includes:
  • the feed network unit 2102 is configured to weight the signal according to the weight and map to the upper half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna, and/or to the lower half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna to form a beam.
  • the upper half-plane antenna array and the lower half-plane antenna array share an N-line antenna array, and N is an integer greater than 1.
  • each row of the antenna arrays of the N rows of antenna arrays includes an antenna array belonging to the upper half-plane antenna array and an antenna array belonging to the lower half-plane antenna array; or two adjacent ones of the N-line antenna arrays
  • the row antenna elements belong to the upper half-plane antenna array and the lower half-plane antenna array, respectively.
  • a vertical spacing between any adjacent two rows of antenna elements in the shared N-line antenna array is smaller than between any two adjacent rows of non-shared antenna elements in the array antenna array.
  • Vertical spacing, the shared The horizontal spacing between any adjacent two columns of antenna elements in the N-line antenna array is equal to the horizontal spacing between any two adjacent arrays of non-shared antenna elements in the array antenna array.
  • the feed network unit 2102 is configured to: weight the signal according to a weight and map to an upper half plane of the area array antenna +45° polarized antenna array or upper half plane-45° polarization The antenna array, and/or the lower half plane +45° polarized antenna array or the lower half plane -45° polarized antenna array mapped to the area array antenna.
  • the signal is outputted by the first system RRU to the feed network; the feed network unit 2102 is specifically configured to: weight the signal according to a set of weights and map to the upper half of the area antenna.
  • the feed network unit 2102 is configured to: weight the signal according to a set of weights and map to an upper half plane of the area array antenna +45° polarized antenna array or upper half plane -45°
  • the polarized antenna array is either mapped to the lower half of the area array antenna +45° polarized antenna array or the lower half plane -45° polarized antenna array to form a beam.
  • the signal is outputted by the second system RRU to the power splitter to generate two signals, and is output to the feed network;
  • the feed network unit 2102 is specifically configured to: separately perform a pair of weights according to a set of weights The two signals are weighted and mapped to the upper half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna, and to the lower half-plane antenna array of the area array antenna to form a beam.
  • the feed network unit 2102 is configured to: separately weight the two signals according to a set of weights and map to an upper half plane +45° polarized antenna array of the area array antenna, and an area array.
  • the lower half of the antenna +45° polarized antenna array forms a beam; or, the two signals are respectively weighted according to a set of weights and mapped to the upper half-plane 45-degree polarized antenna array of the area array antenna, And the lower half of the area antenna - 45 ° polarized antenna array, forming a beam.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a base station 2200.
  • the method includes: a processor 2201, a memory 2202, a transceiver 2203, and a baseband unit 2205.
  • the processor 2201 and the memory 2202 And the transceiver 2203 is connected by a bus 2204;
  • the memory 2202 is configured to store a computer execution instruction
  • the processor 2201 is configured to execute a computer-executed instruction stored by the memory 2202.
  • the processor 2201 is configured to implement a function implemented by a feed network in any of the beam generating methods of the present application.
  • the baseband unit 2205 is configured to generate a signal
  • the processor 2201 executes the computer-executed instructions stored in the memory 2202, so that the base station 2200 performs the steps performed by the base station in the beam-forming method according to the embodiment of the present application, or causes the base station to deploy the function corresponding to the step. unit.
  • the memory 2202 may be any one or any combination of the following: a random access memory (RAM), a read only memory (ROM), a non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory). , referred to as NVM), Solid State Drives (SSD), mechanical hard disks, disks, disk arrays and other storage media.
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read only memory
  • NVM non-volatile memory
  • SSD Solid State Drives
  • the transceiver 2203 is configured to perform data interaction between the base station 2200 and other devices.
  • the base station may perform the method according to any one of the foregoing Embodiments 1 to 3 to implement a beamforming method, where the base station performs data interaction with the terminal through the transceiver 2203.
  • the transceiver 2203 may be any one or any combination of the following: a network interface (such as an Ethernet interface), a wireless network card, and the like having a network access function.
  • the bus 2204 can include an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc., for ease of representation, Figure 22 shows the bus with a thick line.
  • the bus 2204 may be any one or any combination of the following: an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, and a Peripheral Component. Interconnect (PCI) bus, extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus and other wired data transmission devices.
  • ISA Industry Standard Architecture
  • PCI Peripheral Component. Interconnect
  • EISA extended industry standard architecture
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, where the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer-executed instruction, and the processor of the base station executes the computer-executed instruction, so that the base station performs the above-described beam-forming method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a computer program product comprising computer executed instructions stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the processor of the base station can read the computer execution instructions from the computer readable storage medium; the processor executes the computer to execute the instructions, so that the base station performs the steps performed by the base station in the beam generating method provided by the embodiment of the present application, or causes the base station to deploy The functional unit corresponding to this step.
  • the above embodiments it may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof.
  • software it may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions.
  • the computer program instructions When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions described in accordance with embodiments of the present invention are generated in whole or in part.
  • the computer can be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device.
  • the computer instructions can be stored in a computer readable storage medium or transferred from one computer readable storage medium to another computer readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions can be from a website site, computer, server or data center Transfer to another website site, computer, server, or data center by wire (eg, coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless (eg, infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.).
  • the computer readable storage medium can be any available media that can be stored by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, or the like that includes a plurality of available media.
  • the usable medium may be a magnetic medium (eg, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (eg, a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (such as a solid state disk (SSD)).
  • embodiments of the present application can be provided as a method, system, or computer program product.
  • the present application can take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination of software and hardware.
  • the application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) including computer usable program code.
  • the computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising the instruction device.
  • the apparatus implements the functions specified in one or more blocks of a flow or a flow and/or block diagram of the flowchart.
  • These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device such that a series of operational steps are performed on a computer or other programmable device to produce computer-implemented processing for execution on a computer or other programmable device.
  • the instructions are provided for implementing one or more processes and/or block diagrams in the flowchart The steps of the function specified in the box or in multiple boxes.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种波束生成方法及基站，用以解决现有技术中存在的对波束从2T扩充到4T时，出现增加天线列数及通信波束质量下降的问题，针对天面部署中对天线宽度更加敏感的特点，本申请将面阵天线进行上下堆叠，形成两个半平面，每个半平面独立进行阵子加权，对于基带生成的一个信号，可以映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列，或者映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，或者同时映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列及面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束，从而使得基带生成的多个信号可映射的逻辑通道数翻倍，因而可实现在不增加天线列数的前提下实现对波束的扩充，例如从2T扩充到4T，并且由于没有减小半平面的天线宽度，因此不影响通信波束质量。

Description

一种波束生成方法及基站 技术领域
本申请涉及移动通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种波束生成方法及基站。
背景技术
波束域通信是指对线阵或面阵天线的不同阵子上的信号进行加权，利用干涉原理，形成波束，使得信号在指定方向上得到增强，其他方向上得到削弱，这样，不同方向上的用户可以进行空分复用，从而提高系统容量。
如图1所示，为波束通信原理示意图，RRU1的信号经过
Figure PCTCN2017072650-appb-000001
权值加权后，形成了Beam0波束，RRU2的信号经过
Figure PCTCN2017072650-appb-000002
权值加权后，形成Beam1波束，两个波束的方向不同，因此可以进行两个用户的空分复用。加权过程可以写成矩阵形式
Figure PCTCN2017072650-appb-000003
其中，每一列表示权值加权后的一个波束，对应1个发射逻辑通道(后续表示为1T)，每一行则表示水平方向上一个实际的物理天线阵子。考虑双极化天线时，权值可以分别加在+45°极化天线和-45°极化天线上，这两个波束同覆盖，可以看做一个2T的波束。
由于传统的加权方法最多只能生成2T波束，因此在终端为4接收天线终端(后续表示为4R终端)时，无法进行4x4多入多出((Multiple-Input Multiple-Output，MIMO)传输，这限制了波束域通信在4R终端下的性能；此外，由于天线部署空间、宽频支持需求、安装成本等限制，实际系统中只能采用相对较少的天线列数(如4列天线)，不能依靠增加列数提升对4x4MIMO的支持。
为实现形成4T波束，现有技术有以下两种提案：
第一种实现方式可参见图2，其中，图2为现有技术一的面阵天线阵列及水平方向加权矩阵示意图，现有技术一的方案采用4列双极化天线，形成水平两波束，每波束包含4T通道，得到8T8R方案，该方案的水平方向加权矩阵如图2所示，一个波束内4T逻辑通道使用同权值以保证同覆盖，权值分别加在+45°极化阵列和-45°极化阵列上，其中同极化的2T由同一组阵子加同权值生成。
上述现有技术一的缺陷是：同极化2T间相关性为1，不可区分，仅是形式上的4T波束，实际上仅能作为2T波束使用。
第二种实现方式可参见图3，其中，图3为现有技术二的面阵天线阵列及水平方向加权矩阵示意图，现有技术二是技术方案一的扩充，通过增加列数来解决波束内同极化间相 关性为1的问题，具体方案如图3所示。与技术方案一相比，该方案将天线增加为6列，并且分为两组，左半平面3列为一组，右半平面为一组，水平加权针对3列天线进行，加权矩阵如图3所示。这样，一个波束内4T逻辑通道仍然使用同权值，权值分别加在+45°极化左半平面阵列、+45°极化右半平面阵列、-45°极化左半平面阵列、-45°极化左半平面阵列上，形成同覆盖的4T波束。虽然波束内每个逻辑通道采用相同的加权矩阵，但是加权在不同的阵子上，因此逻辑天线间相关性小于1，可以区分，能作为真正的4T波束使用。
上述现有技术二的缺点主要包含两个方面，一是天线宽度大幅增加，二是波束质量下降。由于天线从4列增加到6列，使得天线宽度大幅增加，以2.6GHz频段为例，4列天线的阵列宽度为231mm，包含外壳后一般可以控制在330mm以内，而6列天线的阵列宽度为346mm，包含外壳后一般可以控制在440mm以内。天线宽度的增加会使得风阻变大，安装结构件的强度要求变高，不利于推广使用。波束质量下降是由形成波束的阵子数减少和等效口径减小导致的。由于对天线进行了左右分组，每个逻辑天线仅使用3列天线进行加权，导致了阵子数减少和等效口径减小，从而导致了波束质量下降。
综上，现有技术中提供的方案中，对波束从2T扩充到4T时，出现增加天线列数及通信波束质量下降的问题。
发明内容
本申请提供一种波束生成方法及基站，用以解决现有技术中存在的对波束从2T扩充到4T时，出现增加天线列数及通信波束质量下降的问题。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种波束生成方法，所述方法包括：
基站通过基带生成信号；
所述基站根据权值对所述信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列，和/或映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束。
针对天面部署中对天线宽度更加敏感的特点，本申请将面阵天线进行上下堆叠，形成两个半平面，每个半平面独立进行阵子加权，对于基带生成的一个信号，可以映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列，或者映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，或者同时映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列及面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束，从而使得基带生成的多个信号可映射的逻辑通道数翻倍，因而可实现在不增加天线列数的前提下实现对波束的扩充，例如从2T扩充到4T，可减小实际部署难度，并且由于没有减小半平面的天线宽度，因此不影响通信波束质量。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述上半平面天线阵列与所述下半平面天线阵列共用N行天线阵子，N为大于1的整数。
本申请实施例中，上半平面天线阵列和下半平面天线阵列共用部分天线阵子，可减小天线部署的困难度，有利于工程实施。
结合第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述N行天线阵列中的每行天线阵子包含属于上半平面天线阵列的天线阵子和属于下半平面天线阵列的天线阵子；或者，
所述N行天线阵子中的相邻两行天线阵子分别属于上半平面天线阵列和下半平面天线阵列。
本申请实施例，共用的N行天线阵子由上下半平面交错共享，可减小天线增益损失。
结合第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式或第二种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，所述共用的N行天线阵子中任意相邻的两行天线阵子之间的垂直间距小于所述面阵天线阵列中非共用的天线阵子中任意相邻的两行阵子之间的垂直间距，所述共用的N行天线阵子中任意相邻的两列天线阵子之间的水平间距等于所述面阵天线阵列中非共用的天线阵子中任意相邻的两列阵子之间的水平间距。
本申请实施例，通过减小共用的N行天线阵子中任意相邻两行天线阵子之间的垂直间距，可减小整体天线高度，从而减小部署难度。
结合第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式至第三种可能的实现方式中的任一种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第四种可能的实现方式中，所述基站根据权值对所述信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列，和/或映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束，包括：
所述基站根据权值对所述信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面+45°极化天线阵列或上半平面-45°极化天线阵列，和/或映射至面阵天线的下半平面+45°极化天线阵列或下半平面-45°极化天线阵列。
本申请实施例，对于一个信号可映射至面阵天线的上半平面或下半平面的±45°极化天线阵列，从而使得基站可将生成的四个信号形成四个同覆盖的波束，构成一个同覆盖波束，实现基站侧的4T通道，并且没有增加面阵天线的宽度，因而不会影响通信波束质量。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式至第三种可能的实现方式中的任一种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第五种可能的实现方式中，所述信号由第一制式RRU输出至馈电网络；
所述基站根据权值对所述信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列，或映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束，包括：
所述基站通过馈电网络根据一组权值对所述信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列，或映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束。
其中，第一制式可以是通用移动通信系统(Universal Mobile Telecommunications System，UMTS)、长期演进(Long Term Evolution，LTE)、新无线(New Radio，NR)以及其他等通信制式，对于第一通信制式的具体类型，本申请实施例不做具体限定。
结合第一方面的第五种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第六种可能的实现方式中，所述基站通过馈电网络根据一组权值对所述信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列，或映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束，包括：
所述基站通过馈电网络根据一组权值对所述信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面+45°极化天线阵列或上半平面-45°极化天线阵列，或映射至面阵天线的下半平面+45°极化天线阵列或下半平面-45°极化天线阵列，形成一个波束。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式至第三种可能的实现方式中的任一种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第七种可能的实现方式中，所述信号由第二制式RRU输出至功分器后产生两个信号，并输出至馈电网络；
所述基站根据权值对所述信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列，和映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束，包括：
所述基站通过馈电网络根据一组权值分别对所述两个信号加权后映射至面阵天线的 上半平面天线阵列，和映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束。
其中，第二制式可以是通用移动通信系统(Universal Mobile Telecommunications System，UMTS)、长期演进(Long Term Evolution，LTE)、新无线(New Radio，NR)以及其他等通信制式，对于第二通信制式的具体类型，本申请实施例不做具体限定。本申请实施例，将第二通信制式RRU输出的信号使用功分器产生两个信号，并根据两个信号形成一个波束，可实现对信号的增强。
结合第一方面的第七种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第八种可能的实现方式中，所述基站通过馈电网络根据一组权值分别对所述两个信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列，和映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束，包括：
所述基站通过馈电网络根据一组权值对所述两个信号分别加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面+45°极化天线阵列，和面阵天线的下半平面+45°极化天线阵列，形成一个波束；或者，
所述基站通过馈电网络根据一组权值对所述两个信号分别加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面-45°极化天线阵列，和面阵天线的下半平面-45°极化天线阵列，形成一个波束。
第二方面，本申请提供一种基站，所述基站包括：
基带单元，用于生成信号；
馈电网络，用于根据权值对所述信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列，和/或映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束。
针对天面部署中对天线宽度更加敏感的特点，本申请将面阵天线进行上下堆叠，形成两个半平面，每个半平面独立进行阵子加权，对于基带生成的一个信号，可以映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列，或者映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，或者同时映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列及面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束，从而使得基带生成的多个信号可映射的逻辑通道数翻倍，因而可实现在不减小半平面的天线宽度的前提下实现对波束的扩充，例如从2T扩充到4T，由于没有减小半平面的天线宽度(波束质量没有受影响的原因是分为两个半平面后天线宽度没有减小现有技术方案二的波束质量下降是因为分为两个半平面后每个半平面的宽度下降了)，因此不影响通信波束质量。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述上半平面天线阵列与所述下半平面天线阵列共用N行天线阵子，N为大于1的整数。
本申请实施例中，上半平面天线阵列和下半平面天线阵列共用部分天线阵子，可减小天线部署的困难度，有利于工程实施。
结合第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述N行天线阵列中的每行天线阵子包含属于上半平面天线阵列的天线阵子和属于下半平面天线阵列的天线阵子；或者，
所述N行天线阵子中的相邻两行天线阵子分别属于上半平面天线阵列和下半平面天线阵列。
本申请实施例，共用的N行天线阵子由上下半平面交错共享，可减小天线增益损失。
结合第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式或第二种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，所述共用的N行天线阵子中任意相邻的两行天线阵子之间的垂直间距小于所述面阵天线阵列中非共用的天线阵子中任意相邻的两行阵子之间的垂直间距，所述共用的N行天线阵子中任意相邻的两列天线阵子之间的水平间距等于所述面阵天线阵列 中非共用的天线阵子中任意相邻的两列阵子之间的水平间距。
本申请实施例，通过减小共用的N行天线阵子中任意相邻两行天线阵子之间的垂直间距，可减小整体天线高度，从而减小部署难度。
结合第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式至第三种可能的实现方式中的任一种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第四种可能的实现方式中，所述馈电网络，具体用于：
根据权值对所述信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面+45°极化天线阵列或上半平面-45°极化天线阵列，和/或映射至面阵天线的下半平面+45°极化天线阵列或下半平面-45°极化天线阵列。
本申请实施例，对于一个信号可映射至面阵天线的上半平面或下半平面的±45°极化天线阵列，从而使得基站可将生成的四个信号形成四个同覆盖的波束，构成一个同覆盖波束，实现基站侧的4T通道，并且没有减小面阵天线半平面的宽度，因而不会影响通信波束质量。
结合第二方面或第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式至第三种可能的实现方式中的任一种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第五种可能的实现方式中，所述信号由第一制式RRU输出至馈电网络；
所述馈电网络，具体用于：根据一组权值对所述信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列，或映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束。
其中，第一制式可以是通用移动通信系统(Universal Mobile Telecommunications System，UMTS)、长期演进(Long Term Evolution，LTE)、新无线(New Radio，NR)以及其他等通信制式，对于第一通信制式的具体类型，本申请实施例不做具体限定。
结合第二方面的第五种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第六种可能的实现方式中，所述馈电网络，具体用于：根据一组权值对所述信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面+45°极化天线阵列或上半平面-45°极化天线阵列，或映射至面阵天线的下半平面+45°极化天线阵列或下半平面-45°极化天线阵列，形成一个波束。
结合第二方面或第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式至第三种可能的实现方式中的任一种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第七种可能的实现方式中，所述信号由第二制式RRU输出至功分器后产生两个信号，并输出至馈电网络；
所述馈电网络，具体用于：根据一组权值分别对所述两个信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列，和映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束。
其中，第二制式可以是通用移动通信系统(Universal Mobile Telecommunications System，UMTS)、长期演进(Long Term Evolution，LTE)、新无线(New Radio，NR)以及其他等通信制式，对于第二通信制式的具体类型，本申请实施例不做具体限定。本申请实施例，将第二通信制式RRU输出的信号使用功分器产生两个信号，并根据两个信号形成一个波束，可实现对信号的增强。
结合第二方面的第七种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述馈电网络，具体用于：根据一组权值对所述两个信号分别加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面+45°极化天线阵列，和面阵天线的下半平面+45°极化天线阵列，形成一个波束；或者，
根据一组权值对所述两个信号分别加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面-45°极化天线阵列，和面阵天线的下半平面-45°极化天线阵列，形成一个波束。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机执行指令；基站的处理器执行该计算机执行指令，使得基站执行本申请实施例提供的上述基于波束生成方法中由基站执行的步骤，或者使得基站部署与该步骤对应的功能单元。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供一种计算机程序产品，该计算机程序产品包括计算机执行指令，该计算机执行指令存储在计算机可读存储介质中。基站的处理器可以从计算机可读存储介质读取该计算机执行指令；处理器执行该计算机执行指令，使得基站执行本申请实施例提供的上述波束生成方法中由基站执行的步骤，或者使得基站部署与该步骤对应的功能单元。
附图说明
图1为波束通信原理示意图；
图2为现有技术一的面阵天线阵列及水平方向加权矩阵示意图；
图3为现有技术二的面阵天线阵列及水平方向加权矩阵示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的波束生成方法示意图；
图5为本申请实施例一提供的波束生成方法示意图；
图6为本申请实施例一的逻辑天线间的相关性示意图；
图7为2.6米天线高度的天线增益在垂直方向的示意图；
图8为2米天线高度的天线增益在垂直方向的示意图；
图9为本申请提供的共用阵子示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的共用阵子技术实施例1对应的天线增益垂直方向的示意图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的共用阵子技术实施例2对应的天线增益垂直方向的示意图；
图12为本申请实施例一提供的上下半平面共用天线阵子示意图；
图13为本申请实施例二提供的波束生成方法示意图；
图14为本申请实施例三提供的波束生成方法示意图；
图15为本申请实施例三提供的两个半平面联合驱动时的垂直面方向图；
图16为本申请提供的各方案传输流数比例示意图；
图17为本申请提供的用户传输速率对比示意图；
图18为本申请实施例UMTS到LTE平滑演进示意图；
图19为大规模MIMO中三波束示意图；
图20大规模MIMO中四波束示意图；
图21为本申请提供的基站；
图22为本申请提供的基站。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例适用于3G(第三代移动通信系统)，如通用移动通信系统(Universal Mobile Telecommunications System，UMTS)，4G(第四代移动通信系统)演进系统，如LTE(Long Term Evolution，长期演进)系统，5G(第五代移动通信系统)系统，如采用新型 无线接入技术(newo radio access technology，New RAT)的接入网；CRAN(Cloud Radio Access Network，云无线接入网)等通信网络。
本申请实施例中，术语“基站”包括但不限于基站、节点、基站控制器、接入点(Access Point，AP)、宏站、微站或小站、高频站、低频站、波束、中继站、基站某一部分功能，CRAN单元或任何其它类型的能够在无线环境中工作的接口设备。同时，“基站”包括但不限于3G系统中的基站、4G系统中的基站、5G系统中的基站。
下面结合附图，对本申请实施例提供的波束生成方法做详细描述。
参照图4，为本申请实施例提供的波束生成方法示意图，该方法执行主体为基站，且适用于具有天线阵列的基站系统，包括：
步骤401、基站通过基带生成信号。
步骤402、基站根据权值对所述信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列，和/或映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束。
上述步骤401中，基站首先通过基带生成信号，具体地，生成信号的数量一般为多个，例如生成4个、8个、16个等等，并且生成的信号数量与天线阵列的逻辑通道数量是相同的，即如果是生成四逻辑通道的同覆盖四个波束，则基站通过基带生成四个信号，分别对应对应四个逻辑通道；如果是生成两个同覆盖波束，每个同覆盖波束中包含四个逻辑通道，则基站通过基带生成八个信号，分别对应八个逻辑通道。
上述步骤402中，对于基站通过基带生成的每一个信号，基站都通过权值进行加权，并映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列，或者映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，或者同时映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列和下半平面天线阵列。
相较于背景技术中提到的现有技术一，本申请实施例可实现真正的多通道波束，例如4T通道波束，并且相较于背景技术中提到的现有技术二，本申请实施例没有增加天线列数，而是将面阵天线进行上下堆叠，形成两个半平面，每个半平面独立进行阵子加权，对于基带生成的一个信号，可以映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列，或者映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，或者同时映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列及面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束，从而使得基带生成的多个信号可映射的逻辑通道数翻倍，因而可实现在不增加天线列数的前提下实现对波束的扩充，例如从2T扩充到4T，可减小实际部署难度，并且由于没有减小半平面的天线宽度，因此不影响通信波束质量。
下面结合具体实施例对本申请实施例提供的波束生成方法做具体说明。
实施例一
参照附图5，为本申请实施例一提供的波束生成方法示意图，其中，面阵天线的列数为4，面阵天线上半平面包含6行天线阵子，下半平面包含6行天线阵子，且中间的3行天线阵子为上半平面和下半平面共用，当然，本申请实施例也可以是上下两个半平面不共用天线阵子，即上下半平面各包含部分天线阵子且没有共用的天线阵子，此处，仅是以上下半平面包含共用的天线阵子为例进行说明。
以及，面阵天线的每个天线阵子为极化天线阵子，即包含一个+45°的天线阵子和一个-45°的天线阵子(当然，也可以不为极化天线阵子，本申请实施例将以极化天线阵子为例进行说明)。
基站通过基带生成8个信号，如图5所示，且这8个信号分别由两个无线远端单元 (Radio Remote Unit，RRU)，其中，第一个RRU的通信制式为LTE，第二个RRU的通信制式为LTE，其中，第一个RRU将基带生成的其中4个信号输出至馈电网络，由馈电网络使用权值加权后分别映射至上半平面的+45°的天线阵子和-45°的天线阵子。
为方便说明，本申请实施例中将[w0,0,w1,0,w2,0,w3,0]T称为第一组权值，将[w0,1,w1,1,w2,1,w3,1]T称为第二组权值，则本申请实施例一：
馈电网络将第一RRU输出的第一个信号使用第一组权值加权后映射至上半平面天线阵列的+45°天线阵列；
馈电网络将第一RRU输出的第二个信号使用第一组权值加权后映射至上半平面天线阵列的-45°天线阵列；
馈电网络将第一RRU输出的第三个信号使用第二组权值加权后映射至上半平面天线阵列的+45°天线阵列；
馈电网络将第一RRU输出的第四个信号使用第二组权值加权后映射至上半平面天线阵列的-45°天线阵列；
馈电网络将第二RRU输出的第一个信号使用第一组权值加权后映射至上半平面天线阵列的+45°天线阵列；
馈电网络将第二RRU输出的第二个信号使用第一组权值加权后映射至上半平面天线阵列的-45°天线阵列；
馈电网络将第二RRU输出的第三个信号使用第二组权值加权后映射至上半平面天线阵列的+45°天线阵列；
馈电网络将第二RRU输出的第四个信号使用第二组权值加权后映射至上半平面天线阵列的-45°天线阵列。
由以上加权及映射规则可知：第一RRU用于驱动上半平面天线阵子(包含+45°天线阵列和-45°天线阵列)，第二RRU用于驱动下半平面天线阵子(包含+45°天线阵列和-45°天线阵列)；第一RRU输出的前两个信号和第二RRU输出的前两个信号使用相同的权值(即第一组权值)进行加权，因而形成同覆盖的四个逻辑通道的波束，即图5中所示的Beam0(表示波束0)，即Beam0由四个信号产生的同覆盖波束构成，第二RRU输出的后两个信号和第二RRU输出的后两个信号使用相同的权值(即第二组权值)进行加权，因而形成同覆盖的四个逻辑通道的波束，即图5中所示的Beam1(表示波束1)，即Beam1由四个信号产生的同覆盖波束构成。
因而，针对天面部署中对天线宽度更加敏感的特点，本申请实施例一的方案将面阵天线进行上下堆叠，形成两个半平面，每个半平面独立进行水平方向及垂直方向阵子加权，加权矩阵如图5所示，图中以点阵标示的左右两个波束由上半平面阵子加权形成，以竖线标示的左右两个波束由下半平面阵子加权形成。这样，天线仍保持4列，每个同覆盖波束(即Beam0和Beam1)中的4T逻辑通道分别由上半平面+45°极化阵列、上半平面-45°极化阵列、下半平面+45°极化阵列、下半平面-45°极化阵列进行加权发射。其中，逻辑通道使用的权值相同时，逻辑通道加权后形成的波束为同覆盖，并且，又因为每个逻辑通道使用上述不同的阵元加权，故4T逻辑通道间的相关性小于1，综上，形成的同覆盖波束可以作为4T波束使用，具备传输rank(秩)3-4的能力。其中，8T逻辑通道(每个同覆盖波束为4T)可由2个4T RRU双拼，分别驱动上下半平面阵子。
参照图6，为本申请实施例一的逻辑天线间的相关性示意图，按照WINNER plus信道 模型产生1000组物理信道，评估加权后的逻辑通道间的平均相关性，结果如图6所示，其中x轴代表逻辑通道标号，实线代表逻辑通道1与各逻辑通道间的相关性，虚线代表逻辑通道3与各逻辑通道间的相关性，可以看到，该方案中仅逻辑天线的自相关为1，逻辑天线间互相关均小于1，因此可以作为4T逻辑天线使用。
除此之外，本方案还采用了部分阵列上下半平面交错共用技术，以减小天线上下堆叠后的高度，同时保持一定的天线增益。具体分析如下：
若按照1.3m天线进行简单上下堆叠，则高度增加为2.6m，过高的高度导致部署困难；若通过削减阵子的方式将天线高度减为2m，则等效口径的减小会导致天线增益下降，如图7所示，为2.6米天线高度的天线增益在垂直方向的示意图，其天线增益为19.262dB，如图8所示，为2米天线高度的天线增益在垂直方向的示意图，其天线增益为18.270dB，因而天线增益由19.262dB下降为18.270dB。为了在保持2m高度下尽量增加天线口径、维持天线增益，采用了图9所示的共用阵子技术，将半平面交界处的4行阵子替换为间距更小的6行阵子，阵子间间距由0.78倍波长缩减为0.52倍波长，然后上下半平面交错使用这部分阵子。这样，每个半平面的口径仍然维持了1.3m，减小了天线增益的损失。其垂直面方向图分别如图10、图11所示，其中，图10为共用阵子技术实施例1对应的天线增益在垂直方向的示意图，可以看到其天线增益为18.812dB，图11为共用阵子技术实施例2对应的天线增益在垂直方向的示意图，可以看到其天线增益为18.805dB，虽然由于缺失部分阵子导致增益略小于2.6m天线，但优于同等尺寸的2m天线。
对于图9所示的两种改进后的实施方式，其中，实施例1是采用共用的N行天线阵列中的每行天线阵子包含属于上半平面天线阵列的天线阵子和属于下半平面天线阵列的天线阵子，而实施例2是采用N行天线阵子中的相邻两行天线阵子分别属于上半平面天线阵列和下半平面天线阵列。
可选地，垂直方向部分阵列通过阵子交错使用实现上下平面共用，减小面阵天线上下堆叠后所增加的高度，并尽量减小天线增益损失，包括：
a)上下半平面间存在若干行阵子组成的共用阵子部分；
b)共用阵子部分的垂直间距小于非共用阵子部分，水平间距与非共用阵子部分保持相同；
c)上下半平面交错使用共用阵子部分的各阵子，且交错规则满足：
c1)共用阵子部分中，被上下半平面使用阵子数目相同；
c2)对于两个半平面的阵子排布，相互间关于阵列水平中轴线对称；
c3)对于每个半平面的阵子排布，自身内部关于阵列垂直中轴线对称。
可选地，上下半平面共用的天线阵子采用的分布方式不限，参考图12，为本申请实施例一提供的上下半平面共用天线阵子示意图，当然，图12仅作为举例说明，实际阵子分布方式以实际部署要求进行排列分布。
下面针对本申请实施例一的方案进行系统性能评估，并与现有技术一和现有技术二的系统性能评估进行对比，以说明本申请实施例一方案所带来的技术效果。
实施例二
如图13所示，为本申请实施例二提供的波束生成方法示意图，其中，两个RRU分别为UMTS制式的RRU和LTE制式的RRU，且使用1个UMTS 4T RRU驱动上半平面(或 下半平面)，1个LTE 4T RRU驱动下半平面(或上半平面)，分别形成一个4T UMTS小区和4T LTE小区，每个小区均为4波束。
其余部分与实施例一相同，即面阵天线的分布方式，上下半平面共用天线阵子的方式，以及天线阵子间的垂直距离及水平距离的分布方式，以及RRU的信号与逻辑通道的波束对应关系均参照上述实施例一，此处不再赘述。
实施例三
如图14所示，为本申请实施例三提供的波束生成方法示意图，其中，UMTS模式下(即RRU为UMTS制式下的RRU)，可以将4T UMTS RRU各逻辑通道通过一个功分器，分别驱动上下半平面的阵子，形成水平2波束，每波束2T，从而构成UMTS六扇区，相对于4T UMTS RRU只驱动半个平面，通过功分器同时驱动上下半平面可以获得1.9dB额外阵列增益，如图15所示，为本申请实施例三提供的两个半平面联合驱动时的垂直面方向图，其中，可看出，上下半平面联合驱动时比单独驱动半个平面可获取1.9dB额外阵列增益。
该实施例三中，由第二制式RRU(其中，实施例三中，第二制式指的是UMTS制式，当然也可以是LTE，NR制式等)将基带生成的信号输出至功分器后产生两个信号，并输出至馈电网络；基站通过馈电网络根据一组权值分别对两个信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列，和映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束。具体地，基站通过馈电网络根据一组权值对两个信号分别加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面+45°极化天线阵列，和面阵天线的下半平面+45°极化天线阵列，形成一个波束；或者，
所述基站通过馈电网络根据一组权值对所述两个信号分别加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面-45°极化天线阵列，和面阵天线的下半平面-45°极化天线阵列，形成一个波束。
参照图14，为方便说明，本申请实施例中将[w0,0,w1,0,w2,0,w3,0]T称为第一组权值，将[w0,1,w1,1,w2,1,w3,1]T称为第二组权值，则本申请实施例三：
UMTS RRU将基带生成的第一个信号输出至功分器后产生两个信号，分别使用第一组权值映射至上半平面的+45°极化天线阵列和下半平面的+45°极化天线阵列，形成第一个波束；
UMTS RRU将基带生成的第二个信号输出至功分器后产生两个信号，分别使用第一组权值映射至上半平面的-45°极化天线阵列和下半平面的-45°极化天线阵列，形成第二个波束；
UMTS RRU将基带生成的第三个信号输出至功分器后产生两个信号，分别使用第二组权值映射至上半平面的+45°极化天线阵列和下半平面的+45°极化天线阵列，形成第三个波束；
UMTS RRU将基带生成的第四个信号输出至功分器后产生两个信号，分别使用第二组权值映射至上半平面的-45°极化天线阵列和下半平面的-45°极化天线阵列，形成一个波束。
其中，第一个波束和第二个波束由于使用相同的权值对信号进行加权，因此是属于同覆盖的波束，参照图14，天线阵列的第一个波束和第二个波束同覆盖，形成Beam0，天线阵列的第三个波束和第四个波束同覆盖，形成Beam1。
本申请实施例有益效果如下：
第一，将面阵天线上下堆叠和合理的通道映射，在不增加天线列数的前提下形成低相关4T波束，从而使得波束内支持4x4MIMO；第二，通过上下半平面部分阵列共用技术缩减天线高度，并减小天线增益损失；第三，合理的天线阵列设计和通道映射设计，使得天线可以与RRU灵活组合，实现UMTS六扇区到LTE 8T8R的平滑演进。
具体地，以上述实施例一为例，将面阵天线上下堆叠形成两个半平面，每个半平面映射至不同的逻辑通道，水平面使用相同的波束赋形权值，从而形成同覆盖4T波束，使得波束内支持4x4MIMO，具体映射如表1所示，表1为逻辑通道、波束权值、阵子间的映射关系。
Figure PCTCN2017072650-appb-000004
表1
与现有技术一相比，本申请实施例同覆盖波束内的4T逻辑通道由不同阵子加权而成，因此当用户为4天线时支持4x4MIMO，最多支持rank4传输，提高了用户峰值体验；与现有技术二相比，本申请实施例水平方向由4阵子加权，波束质量更好，因此能够获得更好的性能。对现有技术一、现有技术二、本技术方案实施例一的性能进行比较，如图16、图17所示。其中，图16为各方案传输流数比例，图17为用户传输速率对比，可以看到，本申请实施例一方案支持更高比例的rank3～4传输，这使得本申请实施例一的复用率更高，达到2.68，而现有技术一和现有技术二分别为1.92和2.49。支持更高比例的rank3～4传输在图17中体现为累积分布函数(cumulative distribution function，CDF)95％处用户(信道质量较好、可以进行rank3～4传输的用户)的吞吐量较高，这说明了本申请实施例一在性能上具有优势，尤其是用户的峰值传输速率上优势较大。
当然，此处仅以申请实施例一为例进行说明，对于本申请实施例的其它方案(如本申请实施例二和本申请实施例三)，同样地，比现有技术一和现有技术二具有更高的用户峰值传输速率，此处不再赘述。
并且，本申请实施例由于采用了上下半平面阵子共用技术，相对于简单堆叠的2m天线，在尺寸相同的前提下获得更高的天线增益，增强了覆盖，相对于简单堆叠的2.6m天线，在减小了天线尺寸的同时保持了较高的天线增益，减小了覆盖损失。如表2所示，为天线增益与掉线率对比。
  2.6m天线 2.0m天线 本申请中的阵子共用天线
天线增益(dB) 19.262 18.270 18.812
掉线率 1.54％ 1.94％ 1.62％
表2
根据上述表2可看出，本申请中的阵子共同天线的天线增益要优于2米天线的天线增 益，并且掉线率也低于2米天线的掉线率，并且由于本申请也是采用2米天线部署，相较于2.6米天线部署，实施起来更加容易。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中有关面阵天线的参数均是作为举例说明，实际实施中，可应用于其他面阵天线参数，本申请实施例不做具体限定。
结合上述三个实施例，可实现RRU与天线的灵活组合，以实现UMTS六扇区到LTE 8T8R的平滑演进，如图18所示，为本申请实施例UMTS到LTE平滑演进示意图，具体实现如下：
A)初期没有LTE部署需求时，可以使用4T UMTS RRU通过功分器分别驱动上下半平面阵子，形成水平2波束，构成UMTS六扇区，如图18(a)所示。
B)LTE部署需求出现后，可以直接增加一组4T LTE RRU驱动下半平面阵子，形成2波束LTE小区，此时UMTS小区与LTE小区共存，如图18(b)所示。
C)全网演进至LTE后，可将原有的UMTS RRU替换为LTE RRU，从而形成4Tx2Beam的LTE小区，同时支持2个4R终端进行4x4MIMO，如图18(c)所示。
本申请实施例，支持UMTS到LTE的平滑演进：4列劈裂天线可通过优化支持1.8G～2.1G宽频，因此UMTS六扇区到LTE演进过程中，仅需增加或更换RRU，天面无需变动；波束赋形在天线端完成，RRU间无联合处理，因此支持多个4T RRU拼接，并且通道校正只需达到微秒级。
上述实施例一至三是以两个同覆盖波束为例进行说明，具体实施中，并不限于两个同覆盖波束的情形，还适用于多个两个波束的情形，例如，参考图19，为大规模MIMO中三波束示意图，该示意图为6列(12T12R)3波束场景，其中，通过3个RRU(其中，每个RRU的制式不做限制，均可以是3G制式、4G制式、5G制式或其他制式中的一种)共输出12个信号至馈电网络，由馈电网络使用三组不同的权值进行加权，其中加权矩阵如图19所示，其原理与上述实施例一类似，此处不再赘述。再比如，参考图20，为大规模MIMO中四波束示意图，该示意图为8列(16T16R)4波束场景，其中，通过4个RRU(其中，每个RRU的制式不做限制，均可以是3G制式、4G制式、5G制式或其他制式中的一种)共输出16个信号至馈电网络，由馈电网络使用四组不同的权值进行加权，其中加权矩阵如图20所示，其原理与上述实施例一类似，此处不再赘述。
基于相同的发明构思，本申请实施例提供一种基站2100，用于执行上述波束生成方法，具体地，可用于执行上述实施例一至实施例三，具体包括：
基带单元2101，用于生成信号；
馈电网络单元2102，用于根据权值对所述信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列，和/或映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束。
可选地，所述上半平面天线阵列与所述下半平面天线阵列共用N行天线阵子，N为大于1的整数。
可选地，所述N行天线阵列中的每行天线阵子包含属于上半平面天线阵列的天线阵子和属于下半平面天线阵列的天线阵子；或者，所述N行天线阵子中的相邻两行天线阵子分别属于上半平面天线阵列和下半平面天线阵列。
可选地，所述共用的N行天线阵子中任意相邻的两行天线阵子之间的垂直间距小于所述面阵天线阵列中非共用的天线阵子中任意相邻的两行阵子之间的垂直间距，所述共用的 N行天线阵子中任意相邻的两列天线阵子之间的水平间距等于所述面阵天线阵列中非共用的天线阵子中任意相邻的两列阵子之间的水平间距。
可选地，所述馈电网络单元2102，具体用于：根据权值对所述信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面+45°极化天线阵列或上半平面-45°极化天线阵列，和/或映射至面阵天线的下半平面+45°极化天线阵列或下半平面-45°极化天线阵列。
可选地，所述信号由第一制式RRU输出至馈电网络；所述馈电网络单元2102，具体用于：根据一组权值对所述信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列，或映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束。
可选地，所述馈电网络单元2102，具体用于：根据一组权值对所述信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面+45°极化天线阵列或上半平面-45°极化天线阵列，或映射至面阵天线的下半平面+45°极化天线阵列或下半平面-45°极化天线阵列，形成一个波束。
可选地，所述信号由第二制式RRU输出至功分器后产生两个信号，并输出至馈电网络；所述馈电网络单元2102，具体用于：根据一组权值分别对所述两个信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列，和映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束。
可选地，所述馈电网络单元2102，具体用于：根据一组权值对所述两个信号分别加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面+45°极化天线阵列，和面阵天线的下半平面+45°极化天线阵列，形成一个波束；或者，根据一组权值对所述两个信号分别加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面-45°极化天线阵列，和面阵天线的下半平面-45°极化天线阵列，形成一个波束。
基于相同的发明构思，本申请实施例还提供一种基站2200，如图22所示，包括：处理器2201、存储器2202、收发器2203和基带单元2205；所述处理器2201、所述存储器2202和所述收发器2203均通过总线2204连接；
所述存储器2202，用于存储计算机执行指令；
所述处理器2201，用于执行所述存储器2202存储的计算机执行指令；所述处理器2201可用于实现本申请上述任一波束生成方法中由馈电网络所实现的功能。
所述基带单元2205用于生成信号；
所述处理器2201执行所述存储器2202存储的计算机执行指令，使得所述基站2200执行本申请实施例提供的上述基于波束生成方法中由基站执行的步骤，或者使得基站部署与该步骤对应的功能单元。
存储器2202可以是以下的任一种或任一种组合：随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，简称RAM)、只读存储器(read only memory，简称ROM)、非易失性存储器(non-volatile memory，简称NVM)、固态硬盘(Solid State Drives，简称SSD)、机械硬盘、磁盘、磁盘整列等存储介质。
收发器2203用于基站2200与其他设备进行数据交互；基站可以执行上述实施例一～实施例三中任一所述的方法，实现基于波束生成方法，该基站通过收发器2203与终端进行数据交互。收发器2203可以是以下的任一种或任一种组合：网络接口(例如以太网接口)、无线网卡等具有网络接入功能的器件。
该总线2204可以包括地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等，为便于表示，图22用一条粗线表示该总线。总线2204可以是以下的任一种或任一种组合：工业标准体系结构(Industry Standard Architecture，简称ISA)总线、外设组件互连标准(Peripheral Component  Interconnect，简称PCI)总线、扩展工业标准结构(Extended Industry Standard Architecture，简称EISA)总线等有线数据传输的器件。
本申请实施例提供一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机执行指令；基站的处理器执行该计算机执行指令，使得基站执行本申请实施例提供的上述基于波束生成方法中由基站执行的步骤，或者使得基站部署与该步骤对应的功能单元。
本申请实施例提供一种计算机程序产品，该计算机程序产品包括计算机执行指令，该计算机执行指令存储在计算机可读存储介质中。基站的处理器可以从计算机可读存储介质读取该计算机执行指令；处理器执行该计算机执行指令，使得基站执行本申请实施例提供的上述波束生成方法中由基站执行的步骤，或者使得基站部署与该步骤对应的功能单元。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机程序指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本发明实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线(DSL))或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存储的任何可用介质或者是包含一个多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如，DVD)或者半导体介质(例如固态硬盘Solid State Disk(SSD))等。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本申请的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本申请可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本申请是参照根据本申请实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个 方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请实施例进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请实施例的精神和范围。这样，倘若本申请实施例的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种波束生成方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    基站通过基带生成信号；
    所述基站根据权值对所述信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列，和/或映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述上半平面天线阵列与所述下半平面天线阵列共用N行天线阵子，N为大于1的整数。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述N行天线阵列中的每行天线阵子包含属于上半平面天线阵列的天线阵子和属于下半平面天线阵列的天线阵子；或者，
    所述N行天线阵子中的相邻两行天线阵子分别属于上半平面天线阵列和下半平面天线阵列。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述共用的N行天线阵子中任意相邻的两行天线阵子之间的垂直间距小于所述面阵天线阵列中非共用的天线阵子中任意相邻的两行阵子之间的垂直间距，所述共用的N行天线阵子中任意相邻的两列天线阵子之间的水平间距等于所述面阵天线阵列中非共用的天线阵子中任意相邻的两列阵子之间的水平间距。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基站根据权值对所述信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列，和/或映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束，包括：
    所述基站根据权值对所述信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面+45°极化天线阵列或上半平面-45°极化天线阵列，和/或映射至面阵天线的下半平面+45°极化天线阵列或下半平面-45°极化天线阵列。
  6. 根据权利要求1至4任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述信号由第一制式无线远端单元RRU输出至馈电网络；
    所述基站根据权值对所述信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列，或映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束，包括：
    所述基站通过馈电网络根据一组权值对所述信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列，或映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基站通过馈电网络根据一组权值对所述信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列，或映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束，包括：
    所述基站通过馈电网络根据一组权值对所述信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面+45°极化天线阵列或上半平面-45°极化天线阵列，或映射至面阵天线的下半平面+45°极化天线阵列或下半平面-45°极化天线阵列，形成一个波束。
  8. 根据权利要求1至4任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述信号由第二制式RRU输出至功分器后产生两个信号，并输出至馈电网络；
    所述基站根据权值对所述信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列，和映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束，包括：
    所述基站通过馈电网络根据一组权值分别对所述两个信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列，和映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基站通过馈电网络根据一组权值分别对所述两个信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列，和映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束，包括：
    所述基站通过馈电网络根据一组权值对所述两个信号分别加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面+45°极化天线阵列，和面阵天线的下半平面+45°极化天线阵列，形成一个波束；或者，
    所述基站通过馈电网络根据一组权值对所述两个信号分别加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面-45°极化天线阵列，和面阵天线的下半平面-45°极化天线阵列，形成一个波束。
  10. 一种基站，其特征在于，所述基站包括：
    基带单元，用于生成信号；
    馈电网络，用于根据权值对所述信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列，和/或映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的基站，其特征在于，所述上半平面天线阵列与所述下半平面天线阵列共用N行天线阵子，N为大于1的整数。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的基站，其特征在于，所述N行天线阵列中的每行天线阵子包含属于上半平面天线阵列的天线阵子和属于下半平面天线阵列的天线阵子；或者，
    所述N行天线阵子中的相邻两行天线阵子分别属于上半平面天线阵列和下半平面天线阵列。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的基站，其特征在于，所述共用的N行天线阵子中任意相邻的两行天线阵子之间的垂直间距小于所述面阵天线阵列中非共用的天线阵子中任意相邻的两行阵子之间的垂直间距，所述共用的N行天线阵子中任意相邻的两列天线阵子之间的水平间距等于所述面阵天线阵列中非共用的天线阵子中任意相邻的两列阵子之间的水平间距。
  14. 根据权利要求10至13任一所述的基站，其特征在于，所述馈电网络，具体用于：
    根据权值对所述信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面+45°极化天线阵列或上半平面-45°极化天线阵列，和/或映射至面阵天线的下半平面+45°极化天线阵列或下半平面-45°极化天线阵列。
  15. 根据权利要求10至13任一所述的基站，其特征在于，所述信号由第一制式RRU输出至馈电网络；
    所述馈电网络，具体用于：根据一组权值对所述信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面天线阵列，或映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的基站，其特征在于，所述馈电网络，具体用于：根据一组权值对所述信号加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面+45°极化天线阵列或上半平面-45°极化天线阵列，或映射至面阵天线的下半平面+45°极化天线阵列或下半平面-45°极化天线阵列，形成一个波束。
  17. 根据权利要求10至13任一所述的基站，其特征在于，所述信号由第二制式RRU输出至功分器后产生两个信号，并输出至馈电网络；
    所述馈电网络，具体用于：根据一组权值分别对所述两个信号加权后映射至面阵天线 的上半平面天线阵列，和映射至面阵天线的下半平面天线阵列，形成波束。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的基站，其特征在于，所述馈电网络，具体用于：根据一组权值对所述两个信号分别加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面+45°极化天线阵列，和面阵天线的下半平面+45°极化天线阵列，形成一个波束；或者，
    根据一组权值对所述两个信号分别加权后映射至面阵天线的上半平面-45°极化天线阵列，和面阵天线的下半平面-45°极化天线阵列，形成一个波束。
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