US10644396B2 - Antenna structure for beamforming - Google Patents
Antenna structure for beamforming Download PDFInfo
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- US10644396B2 US10644396B2 US15/515,327 US201715515327A US10644396B2 US 10644396 B2 US10644396 B2 US 10644396B2 US 201715515327 A US201715515327 A US 201715515327A US 10644396 B2 US10644396 B2 US 10644396B2
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- antenna
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- antenna structure
- beamforming
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 25
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/2682—Time delay steered arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
- H01Q21/245—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction provided with means for varying the polarisation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
- H01Q5/42—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements using two or more imbricated arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
- H04B7/0478—Special codebook structures directed to feedback optimisation
- H04B7/0479—Special codebook structures directed to feedback optimisation for multi-dimensional arrays, e.g. horizontal or vertical pre-distortion matrix index [PMI]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0426—Power distribution
- H04B7/043—Power distribution using best eigenmode, e.g. beam forming or beam steering
Definitions
- the technology disclosed herein relates generally to the field of wireless communication, and in particular to an antenna structure for use in wireless communication.
- a large variety of requirements for the next generation of mobile communications system implies that frequency bands at many different carrier frequencies will be needed. For example, low bands will be needed for achieving sufficient coverage and higher bands (e.g. mmW, i.e. near and above 30 GHz) will be needed for reaching to the required capacity.
- mmW transmission/reception point
- UE user equipment
- 5G faces many challenges and research is made within various areas.
- One overall goal is, as indicated above, to increase capacity, e.g. since the number of users and also types of services increase, wherein some services require much of the system capacity.
- An objective of the present disclosure is to address the above-mentioned increases in user and service types in wireless communication systems.
- a particular objective is to provide an antenna architecture for use in meeting the need for increased capacity. This objective and others are achieved by antenna structure and use thereof according to the appended independent claims, and by the embodiments according to the dependent claims.
- the objective is according to an aspect achieved by an antenna structure for beamforming.
- the antenna structure comprises a first set of antenna elements connected by a first analog distribution network to a first baseband chain and a second set of antenna elements connected by a second analog distribution network to a second baseband chain.
- the first set of antenna elements are arranged interleaved with the second set of antenna elements and the antenna elements of the first and second sets are designed for use on same carrier frequency.
- the antenna structure provides several advantages. For instance, by this design of the antenna structure, the element separation can be increased without increasing the antenna aperture, i.e. without increasing the size of the antenna structure, and an increase in capacity for a given antenna size is enabled. Further, the design enables improvement for user-specific beamforming.
- FIG. 1 illustrates different antenna array panels.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a scenario wherein different antenna array panels serve different users.
- FIG. 3 illustrates graph over capacity versus element separation.
- FIG. 4 illustrates how SINR depends on beamforming.
- FIGS. 5 a and 5 b illustrate a prior art solution and an embodiment of an antenna structure in accordance with the present teachings, respectively.
- FIGS. 6 a and 6 b illustrate a prior art solution and an embodiment of an antenna structure in accordance with the present teachings, respectively.
- analog beamforming is the most flexible solution but also the most expensive since a large number of radios and baseband chains is required.
- Analog beamforming is the least flexible but cheaper than the digital beamforming, e.g. in view of manufacturing costs owing to a reduced number of required radio and baseband chains.
- Hybrid beamforming is a compromise between the analog and digital beamforming.
- 3GPP 3 rd Generation Partnership Project
- NR New Radio
- FIG. 1 illustrates two exemplary antenna structures with two antenna panels 1 a , 1 b ; 2 a , 2 b each.
- the left-most antenna panels 1 a , 1 b are two-dimensional panels, while the right-most antenna panels 2 a , 2 b are one-dimensional panels.
- An antenna panel is a rectangular antenna array of dual-polarized elements with typically one transmit/receive unit (TXRU) per polarization, that is, each antenna panel 1 a , 1 b ; 2 a , 2 b is connected to one TXRU per polarization.
- TXRU transmit/receive unit
- An analog distribution network with phase shifters is used to steer the beam of each panel 1 a , 1 b ; 2 a , 2 b .
- Multiple antenna panels can be stacked next to each other and digital beamforming can be performed across the panels.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a scenario wherein different antenna array panels serve different users.
- One expected feature for NR is Multi-User Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MU-MIMO).
- MU-MIMO Multi-User Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output
- a radio access point such as a base station, eNB or gNB.
- hybrid beamforming is used for a multi-panel antenna architecture (e.g. as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 )
- each antenna panel will typically be used to generate a narrow beam B 1 , B 2 for a respective UE 3 a , 3 b .
- precoding can be applied over multiple panels.
- each panel 1 a , 1 b ; 2 a , 2 b is typically located close to each other, in particular a half wavelength, ⁇ /2, apart, in order to reduce grating lobes.
- Simulation results performed by the inventors of the present invention showed that UE-specific beamforming performance is worse for elements closely spaced in the vertical dimension compared to elements widely spaced in the vertical dimension in some important scenarios.
- an antenna structure wherein elements that belong to different panels are interleaved in the vertical dimension and connected to different baseband chains.
- This design is made in order to increase the element separation without increasing the antenna aperture.
- the inventive antenna structure comprises interleaving a first set of elements connected by an analog distribution network to a baseband chain with a second set of elements connected by another analog distribution network to another baseband chain.
- FIG. 3 illustrates graph over capacity versus element separation for three different sizes of one-dimensional vertical antenna panels 2 c , 2 d , 2 e .
- the graph illustrates how the downlink capacity depends on the element separation for the vertical column arrays 2 c , 2 d , 2 e of sizes 2 ⁇ 1, 4 ⁇ 1 and 8 ⁇ 1, respectively.
- CRSs cell reference signals
- every second element in the eight element array 2 e could be removed without any significant loss in performance.
- every second element in e.g. the eight element array 2 e is connected to a different baseband chain and via a different analog distribution networks than the remaining four elements.
- FIG. 4 describes the above mentioned phenomena.
- a first scenario is shown at left-hand side and a second scenario is shown at the right-hand side.
- a narrow (0.5 ⁇ ) element separation in the vertical dimension is used
- a large (1 ⁇ ) element separation in the vertical dimension is used.
- the received power of the served UE 3 will be similar in both cases, however, as can be seen by the respective beams B 3 and B 4 a , B 4 b , the interference generated towards other users is much less in the second scenario.
- the reason for this is that half of the energy (beam B 4 a ) is transmitted in to the sky, i.e. in a direction where there are no users.
- the study performed by the inventors showed that the best element separation is 0.5 ⁇ .
- the reason for this is that the grating lobes for this case, i.e. horizontal UE-specific beamforming with large horizontal element separation, will end up in neighboring cells and hence generates interference anyway. So, as a conclusion drawn based on the study, it is beneficial to use an element separation of about 0.5 ⁇ in the horizontal dimension but a large element separation (e.g. at least 0.8 ⁇ ) in the vertical dimension in order to maximize the performance for some specific cases, e.g. UE-specific beamforming.
- FIG. 5 b illustrates an embodiment according to the present teachings
- FIG. 5 a shows a prior art solution for comparison.
- FIG. 5 b An embodiment of an antenna structure 10 according to the present teachings is illustrated in FIG. 5 b for a one-dimensional panel with four dual-polarized elements, but it is noted that the teachings may be applied for panels with any number of elements, and also for two dimensional panels. If digital precoding is applied over the respective baseband chains (BB) 11 a , 11 b ; 5 a , 5 b the performance will be the same for the two cases (prior art case of FIG. 5 a and the embodiment of FIG. 5 b according to the present teachings). However, as often will be the case, when no precoding is applied over the different baseband chains 11 a , 11 b ; 5 a , 5 b the embodiments according to the present teachings will give better performance.
- BB baseband chains
- the antenna structure 10 has a vertical element separation d v that is larger than what is conventionally used.
- a first baseband chain 11 a is connected to a first and a second antenna element 12 a , 12 b for transmission of a first signal S 1 .
- a second baseband chain 11 b is connected to a third and a fourth antenna element 13 a , 13 b for transmission of a second signal S 2 .
- the four antenna elements 12 a , 12 b , 13 a , 13 b are arranged in an interleaved manner in the antenna structure 10 .
- every second antenna element is connected to the first baseband chain 11 a
- the remaining antenna elements are connected to the second baseband chain 11 b .
- the first and second signals use the same carrier signal (same frequency).
- the two baseband chains 5 a ; 5 b use antenna elements 6 a , 6 b ; 7 a , 7 b separated in the vertical direction by a distance of ⁇ /2, and they are not interleaved with each other, but instead gathered in respective groups.
- FIG. 6 b illustrates an embodiment according to the present teachings
- FIG. 6 a shows a prior art solution for comparison.
- FIG. 6 b illustrates another embodiment of an antenna structure in accordance with the present teachings.
- the antenna structure 20 comprises a two-dimensional antenna panel wherein the antenna elements 21 a , 21 b , 21 c , 21 d , 21 e , 21 f of a first set are interleaved with antenna elements 22 a , 22 b , 22 c , 22 d , 22 e , 22 f of a second set in the vertical dimension in order to increase the vertical element separation d v .
- the antenna elements are not interleaved in the horizontal dimension in order to keep an optimal horizontal antenna element separation d h , preferably of about 0.5 ⁇ , or at least less than 0.7 ⁇ .
- the antenna elements 21 a , 21 b , 21 c , 21 d , 21 e , 21 f of the first set are connected to a first baseband chain 23 a via a first analog distribution network 24 a .
- the antenna elements 22 a , 22 b , 22 c , 22 d , 22 e , 22 f of the second set are connected to a second baseband chain 23 b via a second analog distribution network 24 b .
- This new antenna design may be compared to the current antenna design shown in FIG. 6 a comprising two different antenna panels 5 a , 5 b stacked next to each other and fed by a respective baseband chain.
- the antenna structure 10 , 20 according to the present teachings allow an increased antenna element separation in the vertical dimension without an increase of antenna aperture, and with an increase in the capacity in a communication system for a given antenna size.
- the antenna structure 10 , 20 for beamforming comprises a first set of antenna elements 12 a , 12 b ; 21 a , 21 b , 21 c , 21 d , 21 e , 21 f connected by a first analog distribution network 14 a ; 24 a to a first baseband chain 11 a ; 23 a.
- the antenna structure 10 , 20 comprises a second set of antenna elements 13 a , 13 b ; 22 a , 22 b , 22 c , 22 d , 22 e , 22 f connected by a second analog distribution network 14 b ; 24 b to a second baseband chain 11 b ; 23 b.
- the first set of antenna elements 12 a , 12 b ; 21 a , 21 b , 21 c , 21 d , 21 e , 21 f are arranged interleaved with the second set of antenna elements 13 a , 13 b ; 22 a , 22 b , 22 c , 22 d , 22 e , 22 f and all antenna elements (i.e. the antenna elements of the first and second sets) are designed for use on same carrier frequency.
- the antenna structure 10 , 20 may be a one-dimensional or two-dimensional antenna panel (i.e. a rectangular antenna array) and the antenna elements may, for instance, comprise dual-polarized elements.
- the analog distribution network 14 a , 24 a , 14 b , 24 b may, for instance, comprise phase shifters for beam steering and amplifiers (as illustrated in FIG. 5 b ).
- the vertical distance, d v , between two consecutive antenna elements 12 a , 12 b ; 21 a , 21 b , 21 c , 21 d , 21 e , 21 f of the first set is larger than 0.5 ⁇ and/or the vertical distance, d v , between two consecutive antenna elements 13 a , 13 b ; 22 a , 22 b , 22 c , 22 d , 22 e , 22 f of the second set is larger than 0.5 ⁇ .
- the vertical distance, d v , between two consecutive antenna elements 12 a , 12 b ; 21 a , 21 b , 21 c , 21 d , 21 e , 21 f of the first set and between two consecutive antenna elements 13 a , 13 b ; 22 a , 22 b , 22 c , 22 d , 22 e , 22 f of the second set is at least 0.8 ⁇ .
- the horizontal distance, d h , between two consecutive antenna elements 12 a , 12 b ; 21 a , 21 b , 21 C, 21 d , 21 e , 21 f of the first set and also between two consecutive antenna elements 13 a , 13 b ; 22 a , 22 b , 22 c , 22 d , 22 e , 22 f of the second set is less than 0.7 ⁇ .
- all antenna elements are designed for use on same carrier frequency. In some embodiments, this is achieved by all the antenna elements 12 a , 12 b ; 21 a , 21 b , 21 c , 21 d , 21 e , 21 f of the first set and the antenna elements 13 a , 13 b ; 22 a , 22 b , 22 c , 22 d , 22 e , 22 f of the second set being dual-polarized elements.
- the antenna elements 12 a , 12 b ; 21 a , 21 b , 21 c , 21 d , 21 e , 21 f of the first set and the antenna elements 13 a , 13 b ; 22 a , 22 b , 22 c , 22 d , 22 e , 22 f of the second set are arranged in a two dimensional antenna panel.
- the antenna elements 12 a , 12 b ; 21 a , 21 b , 21 c , 21 d , 21 e , 21 f of the first set and the antenna elements 13 a , 13 b ; 22 a , 22 b , 22 c , 22 d , 22 e , 22 f of the second set are arranged in a one dimensional antenna panel.
- the antenna structure 10 , 20 as has been described may be used for communication device 3 specific beamforming.
- no precoding is applied simultaneously over the first and second baseband chains 11 a , 11 b ; 23 a , 23 b for a (same) layer.
- different signals are sent on the first and second sets of antenna elements. In other embodiments, the same signal may be sent on all antenna elements.
Abstract
Description
Claims (11)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PCT/EP2017/054462 WO2018153492A1 (en) | 2017-02-27 | 2017-02-27 | Antenna structure for beamforming |
Publications (2)
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US20180248263A1 US20180248263A1 (en) | 2018-08-30 |
US10644396B2 true US10644396B2 (en) | 2020-05-05 |
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US15/515,327 Active 2037-09-19 US10644396B2 (en) | 2017-02-27 | 2017-02-27 | Antenna structure for beamforming |
Country Status (4)
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US (1) | US10644396B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3560107A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN110326224A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2018153492A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US11217897B1 (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2022-01-04 | Rockwell Collins, Inc. | Antenna system and method with a hybrid beamformer architecture |
WO2021121567A1 (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2021-06-24 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Control of transmission from an antenna panel |
GB2602120A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2022-06-22 | British Telecomm | Method of controlling a radio access point |
GB2602117B (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2023-08-23 | British Telecomm | Method of controlling a radio access point |
Citations (8)
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US3358287A (en) * | 1965-01-06 | 1967-12-12 | Brueckmann Helmut | Broadband dual-polarized antenna |
US20100227646A1 (en) | 2009-03-03 | 2010-09-09 | Hitachi Cable, Ltd. | Mobile communication base station antenna |
US20120319900A1 (en) | 2010-02-08 | 2012-12-20 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson(Publ) | Antenna with adjustable beam characteristics |
US20140050280A1 (en) | 2012-08-14 | 2014-02-20 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd | Multi-user and single user mimo for communication systems using hybrid beam forming |
US20150318622A1 (en) * | 2014-05-01 | 2015-11-05 | Raytheon Company | Interleaved electronically scanned arrays |
US20160219567A1 (en) | 2015-01-22 | 2016-07-28 | Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology | Joint pattern beam sectorization method and apparatuses performing the same |
WO2016173633A1 (en) | 2015-04-28 | 2016-11-03 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Method and node in a wireless communication network |
US20160365900A1 (en) | 2015-06-15 | 2016-12-15 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for performing beamforming by using antenna array in wireless communication system |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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ATE364238T1 (en) * | 2001-04-16 | 2007-06-15 | Fractus Sa | DOUBLE BAND DUAL POLARIZED GROUP ANTENNA |
WO2013056393A1 (en) * | 2011-10-19 | 2013-04-25 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Radio receiver for polarized antenna system |
CN102751592B (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2015-03-11 | 华为技术有限公司 | Multi-beam antenna array and multi-beam antenna |
-
2017
- 2017-02-27 CN CN201780087123.5A patent/CN110326224A/en active Pending
- 2017-02-27 US US15/515,327 patent/US10644396B2/en active Active
- 2017-02-27 EP EP17707821.9A patent/EP3560107A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-02-27 WO PCT/EP2017/054462 patent/WO2018153492A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3358287A (en) * | 1965-01-06 | 1967-12-12 | Brueckmann Helmut | Broadband dual-polarized antenna |
US20100227646A1 (en) | 2009-03-03 | 2010-09-09 | Hitachi Cable, Ltd. | Mobile communication base station antenna |
US20120319900A1 (en) | 2010-02-08 | 2012-12-20 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson(Publ) | Antenna with adjustable beam characteristics |
US20140050280A1 (en) | 2012-08-14 | 2014-02-20 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd | Multi-user and single user mimo for communication systems using hybrid beam forming |
US20150318622A1 (en) * | 2014-05-01 | 2015-11-05 | Raytheon Company | Interleaved electronically scanned arrays |
US20160219567A1 (en) | 2015-01-22 | 2016-07-28 | Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology | Joint pattern beam sectorization method and apparatuses performing the same |
WO2016173633A1 (en) | 2015-04-28 | 2016-11-03 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Method and node in a wireless communication network |
US20160365900A1 (en) | 2015-06-15 | 2016-12-15 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for performing beamforming by using antenna array in wireless communication system |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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"Arrays: Linear, Planar and Circular," Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, 3rd Edition, Constantine Balanis 2005, pp. 283 to 371. * |
International Search Report and Written Opinion issued in International Application No. PCT/EP2017/054462, dated Nov. 10, 2017, 17 pages. |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN110326224A (en) | 2019-10-11 |
EP3560107A1 (en) | 2019-10-30 |
WO2018153492A1 (en) | 2018-08-30 |
US20180248263A1 (en) | 2018-08-30 |
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