WO2018134064A1

WO2018134064A1 - Optical arrangement for combining beams

Info

Publication number: WO2018134064A1
Application number: PCT/EP2018/050307
Authority: WO
Inventors: Reinhold Fiess; Stefanie Mayer; Annette Frederiksen
Original assignee: Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date: 2017-01-18
Filing date: 2018-01-08
Publication date: 2018-07-26
Also published as: DE102017200709A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an optical arrangement for combining beams, which comprises at least one optical path with at least two emitters for emitting light, at least one collimation optics and at least one beam-combining optics. The core of the invention is that the collimation optics is designed as a holographic optical element and that the beam-combining optics is designed as a holographic optical element.

Description

Description title

Optical arrangement for beam merging

The present invention relates to an optical arrangement for

Beam merge according to the preamble of the independently formulated claim.

State of the art

From the prior art complex refractive optics for beam shaping or beam combination of light from lasers or LEDs are known. These complex optics are used in particular for scanning systems.

From EP0159023 a scanning device is known which comprises a plurality of semiconductor lasers which emit a plurality of laser beams. In a first variant, the laser beams are converted by a Kolimationslinse into parallel beams. The device in this variant further comprises an optical system for merging the laser beams, which focuses the parallel laser beams on a common point. In a second variant, the plurality of semiconductor lasers is positioned so that the emitted laser beams are focused on a common point. For this purpose, the device in this variant further comprises a plurality of optical systems for combining the laser beams, which are positioned to the respectively corresponding semiconductor laser, that the

Laser beams can be focused in the common point. In both variants, the device further comprises a deflection optics, by means of which the laser beams are deflected and scanned.

From WO2011020920 is an LED lamp, in particular LED headlights, with an active light source of a plurality of identically or differently colored LEDs, which are arranged on a flat or curved surface or board are known. The LED light also includes an optical system. The optical system has a collimating optics, the individual lenses are arranged at a small distance above the emitting surfaces of the LEDs and collects the light emitted by the LEDs light, bundles and directs to a surface. The optical system further comprises a mixing optics which picks up the light directed and focused into a surface and mixes them with respect to color and / or brightness. The optical system furthermore has field optics which receive the light emitted by the mixing optics and radiate them into the far field with a predetermined light distribution.

Disclosure of the invention

The present invention is based on an optical arrangement for

Beam combining. The optical arrangement has at least one optical path with at least two emitters for emitting light, at least one collimating optics and at least one

Beam merging optics on.

According to the invention, the collimation optics is designed as a holographic optical element. The beam-combining optical system is also designed as a holographic optical element.

In the context of the invention, light is represented according to the beam optics as a light beam. The terms light and light beam are used synonymously.

An emitter may have a narrow spectral bandwidth. The

Holographic optical elements of the optical arrangement can act very efficiently on light of narrow spectral bandwidth. The at least two emitters may be formed as emitter matrix or as an arrangement of a plurality of individual emitters. An emitter can be understood as a laser emitter. A laser emitter can emit laser light. The at least two laser emitters can be designed as a laser matrix or as an arrangement of a plurality of individual laser diodes. An emitter can also be understood to mean a light-emitting diode. A light-emitting diode may preferably be spectrally narrow-band. A Spectral narrow-band light-emitting diode may for example be a superluminescent diode.

A holographic optical element (HOE) can be understood as an optical element which has been produced by means of holographic methods. A holographic method may be, for example, holographic printing. For holographic printing, a holographic printer can be used. The holographic optical elements of the optical arrangement can be inexpensively multiplied, for example by means of optical replication methods (for example contact copies).

In holographic methods, for example, two coherent

Light waves of the same wavelength are superimposed. The resulting interference pattern can be recorded in a photosensitive layer as a grid structure. Light incident on a holographic optical element may be deflected by the recorded grating structure. An advantage of the invention is that holographic optical elements in the

Compared to conventional optical elements, such as

Glass lenses, prisms, beam splitter mirrors or microlenses, have a smaller thickness. The optical arrangement for beam merging can be very compact. The optical arrangement for beam merging may be smaller than when using conventional optical elements.

The optical arrangement for beam combining can be advantageous for optical systems in which a light beam of high power and high

Beam quality is necessary. The high power can be realized in the optical arrangement by combining the light from the at least two emitters. As high beam quality, for example, a small divergence of the converged light beam can be understood. The collimating optics designed as a holographic optical element and the beam combining optics formed as a holographic optical element can allow a higher beam quality of the merged light beam than conventional optical elements.

Holographic optical elements can be adapted in their manufacture very precisely to the overall appearance of an optical system. The holographic optical elements of the beam combining optical arrangement can be adapted so that an optical system having the beam combining optical arrangement can be very efficient. Compared to optical systems with conventional optical elements, when using the optical arrangement for

Beam collimation, a lower power of the converged light beam be sufficient to achieve comparable results.

The optical arrangement for beam convergence can be particularly advantageous for scanning systems in which a light beam, in particular a

Laser beam, with high power, shaped and directed over a small aperture of a deflection unit. The deflection unit may be

For example, to act a micromirror. In comparison to scanning systems in which a laser system, for example, has a large emitting area and the emitted laser light by means of conventional optical

Elements can be merged when using the optical

Arrangement for beam merging of the merged laser beam with substantially less losses are directed through a micromirror. When using the optical arrangement for beam merging in a scanning system, the aperture of the deflection unit may be small.

For example, a corresponding micromirror may be small (for example, <3 mm).

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention it is provided that the collimating optics is formed as an arrangement of at least two spatially separated, holographic optical structures. In this case, each of the at least two holographic optical structures is assigned in each case to an emitter. Each of the at least two holographic optical structures is configured to collimate light from the associated emitter along a respective deflection direction. Each of the at least two holographic optical structures is designed to deflect light from the associated emitter in such a way by a predetermined deflection angle that it is collimated along each deflection direction. Each of the at least two holographic optical structures may in particular be designed to collimate light from the associated emitter along a respective deflection direction in such a way that it impinges on the beam merging optical system at a respectively predetermined angle of incidence. In this case, the at least two holographic optical structures may in particular be designed such that the difference between the angles of incidence of the light from the at least two emitters on the beam merging optical system exceeds a predetermined value.

The difference of the angles of incidence may for example be greater than 5 °.

Thus, a very low cross-coupling of the various holograms can be achieved. By a sufficiently large difference in the angle of incidence (for example> 5 °), the optical functions of the holograms have only a very small influence.

The advantage of this embodiment is that the light from each of the at least two emitters can be deflected in such a way that it strikes the beam merging optics largely loss-free. The

For example, beam merging optics may have several different ones

Have holograms. Because of the differences in the

If the angle of incidence on the beam-combining optical system can exceed a predetermined value, the optical cross-coupling of different holograms of the beam-combining optical system can be kept low.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention it is provided that the collimating optics is designed as a volume hologram. The lattice structure, which causes the collimation function, is recorded in the volume of the photosensitive layer during manufacture. The advantage of this embodiment is that volume holograms are inexpensive in their production.

Volume holograms can be cheaper in their production than

be conventional optical elements. In addition, various optical functions, such as reflection, transmission or

Decoupling of angle of incidence and angle, in the volume of

photosensitive layer are recorded. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the beam-combining optical system is designed to emit the light from the

Deflection directions of the at least two holographic optical structures merge into a common emission direction. The

Beam merging optics combine the light into a merged light beam. The beam combining optics redirects the light to a converged light beam. The deflection of the light from the deflecting directions of the at least two holographic optical structures of the collimating optics to form a combined light beam takes place here by means of the beam merging optics in an angle-dependent manner. Each of the light beams collimated along one deflection direction can strike the beam combining optical system at a predetermined angle of incidence. Depending on the angle of incidence, each of the light beams collimated along one deflection direction can be deflected by a respective predetermined deflection angle such that the merged light can propagate along a common optical axis. For this, the

Beam merging optics, for example, several different

Holograms each having different angle dependence. A corresponding angle dependence may e.g. be adjusted by the thickness of the holographic material. The advantage of this embodiment is that a subsequent beam shaping in the far field is possible due to the high beam quality of the merged light beam. The merged light beam can be focused, for example, in the far field. The resolution in the far field can be increased.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the at least two emitters, the collimating optics and the beam merging optics are arranged relative to one another such that the difference in the angle of incidence of the light from the at least two emitters on the beam merging optics exceeds a predetermined value. The difference of the angles of incidence of the light from the at least two emitters on the beam merger optics is sufficiently high. Sufficiently high can mean that unwanted interactions of the light from the different deflection directions when passing through the beam-combining optical system are largely avoided can be. The optical cross-coupling of different holograms of the beam combining optics can be kept low.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention it is provided that the beam merging optics is designed as a volume hologram. The lattice structure causing the beam-combining optics is recorded in the volume of the photosensitive layer during manufacture. This embodiment results in comparable advantages, such as the advantages described in the collimation optics.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the beam-combining optical system is designed as a multiplex hologram. The advantage of this embodiment is that several optical functions can be present in direct proximity to each other. Several layers can be arranged directly above one another, which have mutually different grating structures recorded by means of holographic methods.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the at least two emitters are electrically controllable independently of one another. The advantage of this embodiment is that the optical

Arrangement can find use in optical systems where the eye safety of relevance. These can be optical systems used, for example, in road traffic. Due to the possibility of electrically controlling the at least two emitters independently of one another, the eye safety of the optical arrangement, and thus, for example, of the optical system, can be adjusted as required. When used in a motor vehicle, for example, only all of the at least two emitters can be electrically actuated at a specific minimum speed of the motor vehicle. It is possible to connect all of the at least two emitters only at a certain minimum speed.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the optical arrangement has a first optical path with at least two emitters for emitting light, at least one first collimating optics and at least one first beam merger optics for merging the light along a radiation direction of the first optical path.

Furthermore, the optical arrangement has at least one second optical path with at least two second emitters for emitting light, at least one second collimating optics and at least one second

Beam merging optics for merging the light along a radiation direction of the at least second optical path. The optical arrangement further comprises at least third beam combining optics for merging the light from the emission direction of the first optical path and from the emission direction of the at least second optical path.

The advantage of this embodiment is that a converged light beam can be realized with even higher power. Also in this embodiment of the invention, the merged light beam has a high beam quality.

The optical arrangement for beam convergence can also be very compact in this embodiment. The optical arrangement for

Beam merging may be smaller than when using conventional optical elements.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the wavelength of the light emitted by the at least two first emitters of the wavelength of the at least two second emitters

differs emitted light. The advantage of this embodiment is that the merged light beam can have different wavelengths.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the described optical arrangement in a lidar sensor or in a

Laser headlight or in an LED headlight is used.

Especially with lidar sensors both uniaxial (transmitter and

Receivers are positioned on a common optical axis) as well as biaxial (transmitter and receiver are not positioned on a common optical axis) systems can be realized. Because the optical arrangement for beam convergence can be very compact and the merged light beam can have a high power and high beam quality, are also biaxial lidar systems with small

Micro mirror sizes feasible.

drawings

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Showing:

Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of an optical arrangement for

Beam combiner;

Figure 2 is a plan view of an emitter matrix and a collimating optics;

Figure 3 shows a second embodiment of an optical arrangement for

Beam combiner;

Figure 4 shows a third embodiment of an optical arrangement for

Beam combiner;

Angular dependence of holographic optical elements.

Figure 1 shows an example of a first embodiment of the invention. Shown is the optical arrangement 100, which has the optical path 103. The optical path 103 has the emitters 101. The emitters can be, for example, laser emitters or spectrally narrow-band light-emitting diodes. In the example shown, the emitters 101-a to 101-e are part of one

Emitter matrix. Each of the emitters 101 may emit light 102 each. This is exemplified for the emitters 101-a, 101-c and 101-d. Emitter 101-a emits light 102-a. Emitter 101-c emits light 102-c. The emitter 101-d emits light 102-d. By means of a control device, not shown here, it may be possible for the emitters 101-a to 101-e to be independent of one another

head for. The light 102-a to 102-e emitted by the emitters 101-a to 101-e strikes the collimating optics 104 of the optical path 103. The collimating optic 104 is formed as a holographic optical element. Here is the

Collimation optics 104 in particular as an arrangement of the spatially separated, holographic optical structures 105-a to 105-e formed. Each of the holographic optical structures 105-a to 105-e is assigned to an emitter 101-a to 101-e, respectively. This assignment is shown in more detail in FIG. 2 described below. Each of the holographic optical structures 105-a to 105-e may be the light

102-a to 102-e from the respective associated emitter 101-a to 101-e along a respective deflection direction 106-a to 106-e collimating. This is shown by way of example for the holographic optical structures 105-a, 105-c and 105-d. The holographic optical structure 105-a directs the light 102-a out of the

associated emitter 101-a by a predetermined deflection angle. The

Light 102-a is collimated along the deflection direction 106-a as it passes through the holographic optical structure 105-a. As a result, the light beam 109-a can strike the beam merging optical system 107 of the optical path 103 at a predetermined angle of incidence. The emitter 101-c and the holographic optical structure 105-c are in the optical axis of the example

Beam merging optics 107. Accordingly, the holographic optical structures 105-c need not deflect the light 102-c as much as possible. The light 102-c is collimated along the deflection direction 106-c as it passes through the holographic optical structure 105-c. As a result, the light beam 109-c can be incident on the beam-combining optical system at a predetermined angle of incidence

107 meet. The holographic optical structure 105-d deflects the light 102-d from the associated emitter 101-d by a predetermined deflection angle. The light 102-d is collimated along the deflection direction 106-d as it passes through the holographic optical structure 105-d. As a result, the light beam 109-d at a predetermined angle of incidence on the

Beam collimating optics 107 meet. The holographic optical

Structures 105-a to 105-e may in this case be designed in particular such that the deflection directions 106-a to 106-e are so different from one another

distinguish that each of the collimated by the holographic optical structures 105-a to 105-e light with a given, for each holographic optical structures 105-a to 105-e in each case different angle of incidence on the beam merger optics 107 hits. The holographic optical structures 105-a to 105-e can in this case be designed in particular such that the difference between the angles of incidence of the light beams 109-a to 109-e on the beam-combining optical system 107 is a predetermined one

Value exceeds. The difference of the angles of incidence may for example be greater than 5 °.

The beam-combining optic 107 of the optical path 103 merges the light (s) 109-a to 109-e from the deflection directions 106-a to 106-e. This can be realized, for example, in that the beam merging optics 107 has a plurality of different holograms, each having a different angular dependence. A

corresponding angle dependence may e.g. be adjusted by the thickness of the holographic material of the holograms (see Figure 5). Depending on

As a result, each of the light beams 109-a to 109-e can be deflected by means of the beam-combining optical system 107 by a deflection angle that differs from each other depending on the respective angle of incidence. The light from the deflection direction 106-a to 106-e can thereby be brought together along a common optical axis 108 as a light beam 110. The light beam 110 may be emitted along the emission direction 108 of the optical path 103 from the optical arrangement 100.

The collimation optics 104 may be formed as a volume hologram. The beam merging optics 107 may be formed as a volume hologram. Volume holograms can enable very high deflection angles and very short focal lengths. As a result, the optical arrangement 100 for beam convergence can be very compact. FIG. 2 shows, by way of example, a top view of emitter 101 and one

Collimation optics 104. This may, for example, each be a section of an emitter matrix and a collimation optics 104. The smaller circles represent the emitters 101. These can each have, for example, a diameter of 150 μm. The larger circles drawn around the smaller circles represent the holographic optical structures 105. The distance between two emitters 101 is marked by the bracket 201. The distance 201 may be, for example, about 500 μηη. The length or width of the collimating optics 104 is marked by the bracket 202. The length 202 or the width 202 of the collimation optics 104 may be 1.5 mm, for example. The diameter of the collimating optics 104 is marked by the bracket 203. With the dimensions of the collimation optics 104 given by way of example, that is to say the length or width of the collimation optics 104, the differences in the angles of incidence of the collimated light beams on the beam merging optics 107 can be sufficiently high.

Assuming that the holographic optical structures 105 are largely transparent, in a plan view of FIG

Collimating optics 104, the emitters 101 are detected behind the holographic optical structures 105. By way of example, it is shown that the holographic optical structure 105-a is assigned to the emitter 101-a. It is shown by way of example that the holographic optical structure 105-b is assigned to the emitter 101-b. It is shown by way of example that the holographic optical structure 105-c is assigned to the emitter 101-c.

Figure 3 shows an example of a second embodiment of the invention. Shown is the optical arrangement 300 for beam combining, which has two optical paths. The first optical path 303-1 has the optical emitters 101-la to 101-le for emitting the light 102-la to 102-le, the first collimating optical system 104-1 and the first beam merging optical system 107-1 for converging the light along the first one Radiation direction 108-1 of the first optical path 303-1. The second optical path 303-2 has the optical emitters 101-2a to 101-2e for emitting the light 102-2a to 102-2e, the second collimating optical 104-2 and the second one

Beam merging optics 107-2 for merging the light along the radiation direction 108-2 of the second optical path 303-2. The

Wavelength λ-1 of the light 102-la to 102-le emitted from the emitters 101-la to 101-le may be from the wavelength λ-2 of the light 102-2a to 102 emitted from the emitters 101-2a to 101-2e -2e different. The Wavelengths λ-l and λ-2 may also be at least nearly identical to each other in a further embodiment.

The features and operations of the optical components of the first optical path 303-1 and the features and operations of the optical

Components of the second optical path 303-2 respectively correspond to the features and functions of the respective comparable optical

Components of the optical path 103 of the optical arrangement 100. For understanding the features and operations of the optical components of the first optical path 303-1 and the features and operations of the optical components of the second optical path 303-2, reference is made to the description of Figure 1 ,

As described in FIG. 1, in the case of the optical arrangement 300 as well, the light beam 110-1 is radiated along the emission direction 108-1 of the first optical path 303-1 through the operation of the first beam merging optical system 107-1 of the first optical path 303-1. By the operation of the beam merging optical system 107-2 of the second optical path 303-2, the light beam 110-2 is radiated along the radiation direction 108-2 of the second optical path 303-2.

The optical arrangement 300 has a third beam merging optical system 301. The beam merging optics 301 may be formed as a holographic optical element. The features and operation of the third beam merging optics 301 are comparable to those of FIG

Beam merging optics 107 of the optical arrangement 100 or

comparable to the features and functions of the

Beam merging optics 107-1 of the first optical path 303-1 and the beam merging optics 107-2 of the second optical path 303-2. The third beam merging optics 301 carries the light (s)

110-1 and 110-2 from the emission direction 108-1 of the first optical path 303-1 and from the emission direction 108-2 of the second optical path 303-2 together. Analogous to the beam merging optics 107, for

Beam merging optics 107-1 or the beam merging optics 107-2, this can be realized, for example, that the Beam merging optical system 301 has a plurality of different holograms each having different angle dependencies. Dependent on the angle of incidence, the light beams 110-1 and 110-2 can, depending on their respective angles of incidence, be applied to the beam-combining optical system 301 by means of the beam-combining optical system 301, each being different from one another

Deflection angle are deflected. The light from the emission direction 108-1 of the first optical path 303-1 and out of the emission direction 108-2 of the second optical path 303-2 can thereby be brought together as a light ray 111 along a common optical axis 302. The light beam 111 can be emitted along the emission direction 302 of the optical arrangement 300.

In a preferred embodiment, the holograms of

Beam merging optics 107-1 of the first optical path 303-1 and the holograms of the beam combining optics 107-2 of the second optical

Paths 303-2 may be formed such that the deflection direction 108-1 of the first optical path 303-1 and the deflection direction 108-2 of the second optical path 303-2 are different from each other such that the light beams 110-1 are out of the first optical path 303 -1 and the light beams 110-2 from the second optical path 303-2 with mutually different angles of incidence on the beam merger optics 301 hit. The holograms of

In this case, beam merging optics 107-1 of the first optical path 303-1 and the holograms of the beam merging optics 107-2 of the second optical path 303-2 may be configured such that the difference in the incident angles of the light beams 110-1 and 110-2 is a predetermined value exceeds. The difference of the angles of incidence may for example be greater than 5 °.

The first collimation optics 104-1 may be formed as a volume hologram. The second collimation optics 104-2 may be formed as a volume hologram. The first beam merging optics 107-1 may be referred to as

Volume hologram be formed. The second beam merging optics 107-2 may be formed as a volume hologram. The third

Beam merging optics 301 may be formed as a volume hologram. Volume holograms can be very high deflection angles and very short Allow focal lengths. As a result, the optical arrangement 300 for beam convergence can be very compact.

Figure 4 shows an example of a third embodiment of the invention. Shown is the optical arrangement 400 for beam combining, which has three optical paths. The first optical path 303-1 has the optical emitters 101-la to 101-le for emitting the light 102-la to 102-le, the first collimating optical system 104-1 and the first beam merging optical system 107-1 for converging the light along the first one Radiation direction 108-1 of the first optical path 303-1. The second optical path 303-2 has the optical emitters 101-2a to 101-2e for emitting the light 102-2a to 102-2e, the second collimating optical 104-2 and the second one

Beam merging optics 107-2 for merging the light along the radiation direction 108-2 of the second optical path 303-2. The third optical path 303-3 comprises the optical emitters 101-3a to 101-3e

Emitting the light 102-3a to 102-3e, the further collimation optics 104-3 and the further beam merging optics 107-3 for merging the light along the emission direction 108-3 of the third optical path 303-3. The wavelength λ-1 of the light 102-la to 102-le emitted by the emitters 101-la to 101-le of the first optical path 303-1 may differ from the wavelength λ-2 of the emitter 101-2a to 101- 2e of the second optical path 303-2 emitted light 102-2a to 102-2e differ. The wavelength λ-1 of the light 102-la to 102-le emitted by the emitters 101-la to 101-le of the first optical path 303-1 may be from the wavelength λ-3 of the emitters 101-3a to 101 -3e of the third optical path 303-3 emitted light 102-3a to 102-3e differ. The wavelength λ-2 of the light 102-2a to 102-2e emitted by the emitters 101-2a to 101-2e of the second optical path 303-2 may differ from the wavelength λ-3 of the light emitted by the emitters 101-3a to 101-2e. 3e of the third optical path 303-3 emitted light 102-3a to 102-3e differ. The wavelengths λ-l and λ-2 may also be at least nearly identical to each other in a further embodiment. The wavelengths λ-1 and λ-3 can also be at least nearly identical to one another. The wavelengths λ-2 and λ-3 may also be at least nearly identical to each other. The Wavelengths λ-1 and λ-2 and λ-3 may also be at least nearly identical to each other.

Analogous to the optical arrangement 300, the optical arrangement 400 also has a third beam merging optical system 301. The only difference from the third beam merging optics 301 of the optical arrangement 300 is that the third beam merging optics 301 of the optical arrangement 400 receive the light (s) 110-1 from the radiation direction 108-1 of the first optical path 303-1 and the light or light beam , the light beams 110-2 from the emission direction 108-2 of the second optical path 303-2 and also the light or the light rays 110-3 from the emission direction 108-3 merges. For an understanding of the features and operation of the third beam-combining optical system 301 of the optical arrangement 400, reference is made to the description of the beam-combining optical system 301 of the optical arrangement 300 in FIG. 3.

Analogous to the optical arrangement 300, in the case of the optical arrangement 400 in a preferred embodiment, the holograms of the

Path 303-2 and also the holograms of the beam merging optics 107-3 of the further optical path 303-3 be formed such that the deflection direction 108-1 of the first optical path 303-1 and the deflection direction 108-2 of the second optical path 303-3 2 and also the deflection direction 108-3 of the further optical path 303-3 differ from one another such that the

Light beams 110-1 from the first optical path 303-1 and the light beams 110-2 from the second optical path 303-2 and the light beams 110-3 from the further optical path 303-3 with different from each other

Incident angles to the beam merger optics 301 meet. The

Holograms of the beam-combining optics 107-1 of the first optical

Path 303-1 and the holograms of the beam merging optics 107-2 of the second optical path 303-2 and the holograms of

In this case, beam converging optics 107-3 of the further optical path 303-3 may in particular be designed such that the difference between the angles of incidence of the light beams 110-1 and 110-2 and 110-3 is a predetermined one Value exceeds. The difference of the angles of incidence may for example be greater than 5 °.

The first collimation optics 104-1 may be formed as a volume hologram. The second collimation optics 104-2 may be formed as a volume hologram. The further collimation optics 104-2 can be designed as a volume hologram. The first beam merging optics 107-1 may be formed as a volume hologram. The second beam merging optics 107-2 may be formed as a volume hologram. The others

Beam merging optics 107-3 may be formed as a volume hologram. The third beam merging optics 301 may be formed as a volume hologram. Volume holograms can enable very high deflection angles and very short focal lengths. As a result, the optical arrangement 400 for beam merging can be very compact.

FIG. 5 shows by way of example the angular dependence of a holographic optical element. The angle dependence results from the production

holographic optical elements by holographic methods. By illuminating a photosensitive layer with, for example, two coherent light waves, an interference pattern or a grating structure is formed in this photosensitive layer, and thus also a so-called

Reconstruction angle R.

In the diagram, the deflection efficiency U is plotted against the deviation from the dashed line reconstruction angle R of a holographic optical element. Light incident on the holographic optical element may be deflected by the lattice structure of the holographic optical element. In this case, in particular, the light is deflected efficiently, which strikes the holographic optical element at a predetermined angle of incidence range. This in the example by the

solid lines marked angle of incidence range to the

Reconstruction angle R around, the deviation from the

Reconstruction angle R be in which the deflection efficiency U is sufficiently high. In the example shown, the deflection efficiency U for light, which is in the range of +/- 2 ° deviation from the reconstruction angle R on the holographic optical element hits, still high enough to redirect the light efficiently. Light whose angle of incidence is outside the predetermined angle of incidence range can no longer be deflected efficiently by the holographic optical element and instead is transmitted without deflection.

Claims

claims

1. Optical arrangement (100, 300, 400) for combining beams

at least one optical path (103, 303-1, 303-2, 303-3) with

At least two emitters (101-a to 101-e, 101-la to 101-le, 101-2a to 101-2e, 101-3a to 101-3e) for emitting light (102-a to 102-e, 102-1 to 102-le, 102-2a to 102-2e, 102-3a to 102-3e);

• at least one collimation optics (104, 104-1, 104-2, 104-3); and

At least one beam merging optics (107, 107-1, 107-2, 107-3); characterized in that

• the collimating optics (104, 104-1, 104-2, 104-3) is designed as a holographic optical element; and that

The beam merging optics 107, 107-1, 107-2, 107-3) as

holographic optical element is formed.

2. An optical arrangement (100, 300, 400) according to claim 1, characterized in that

The collimating optics (104, 104-1, 104-2, 104-3) as an array

at least two, spatially separated, holographic optical structures (105-a to 105-e, 105-la to 105-le, 105-2a to 105-2e, 105-3a to 105-3e) is formed; in which

Each of the at least two holographic optical structures (105-a to 105-e, 105-la to 105-le, 105-2a to 105-2e, 105-3a to 105-3e) each have an emitter (101-a to 101 -e, 101-la to 101-le, 101-2a to 101-2e, 101-3a to

101- 3e) is assigned; and where

• each of the at least two holographic optical structures (105-a to 105-e, 105-la to 105-le, 105-2a to 105-2e, 105-3a to 105-3e) is adapted to light (102-a to 102-e, 102-la to 102-le, 102-2a to 102-2e, 102-3a to

102-3e) from the assigned emitter (101-a to 101-e, 101-la to 101-le, 101-2a to 101-2e, 101-3a to 101-3e) along a deflection direction (106-a to 106-e, 106-la to 106-le, 106-2a to 106-2e, 106-3a to 106-3e). An optical arrangement (100, 300, 400) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized

characterized in that the collimating optics (104, 104-1, 104-2, 104-3) as

Volume hologram is formed.

An optical arrangement (100, 300, 400) according to claim 2, characterized in that the beam-combining optical system (107, 107-1, 107-2, 107-3) is adapted to receive the light from the deflection directions (106-a to 106). e, 106-la to 106-le, 106-2a to 106-2e, 106-3a to 106-3e) of the at least two holographic optical structures (105-a to 105-e, 105-la to 105-le, 105th -2a to 105-2e, 105-3a to 105-3e) in a common emission direction (108, 108-1, 108-2, 108-3)

merge.

An optical arrangement (100, 300, 400) according to claim 1 or 4, characterized

in that the beam-combining optical system (107, 107-1, 107-2, 107-3) is designed as a volume hologram.

An optical arrangement (100, 300, 400) according to claim 1, 4 or 5, characterized

in that the beam-combining optical system (107, 107-1, 107-2, 107-3) is designed as a multiplex hologram.

An optical arrangement (100, 300, 400) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the at least two emitters (101-a to 101-e, 101-la to 101-le, 101-2a to 101-2e, 101-3a to 101-3e) are independently electrically controllable.

An optical assembly (300, 400) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising a first optical path (303-1)

At least two first emitters (101-la to 101-le) for emitting light (102-la to 102-le);

• at least one first collimation optics (104-1); and

• at least one first beam merging optics (107-1) for

Merging the light (102-la to 102-le) along a

Emission direction (108-1) of the first optical path (303-1);

and further comprising at least a second optical path (303-2, 303-3) At least two second emitters (101-2a to 101-2e, 101-3a to 101-3e) for emitting light (102-2a to 102-2e, 102-3a to 102-3e);

• at least one second collimation optics (104-2, 104-3); and

At least one second beam merging optics (107-2, 107-3) for merging the light (102-2a to 102-2e, 102-3a to 102-3e) along a radiation direction (108-2, 108-3) of the at least second one optical path (303-2, 303-3);

characterized in that

The optical arrangement further comprises at least a third

Beam merging optics (301) for merging the light from the emission direction (108-1) of the first optical path (303-1) and the emission direction (108-2, 108-3) of the at least second optical path (303-2, 303 -3). 9. An optical arrangement (300, 400) according to claim 8, characterized in that the wavelength (λ-l) of the at least two first emitters (101-la to 101- le) emitted light (102-la to 102- le) of the wavelength (λ-2, λ-3) of the light emitted from the at least two second emitters (101-2a to 101-2e, 101-3a to 101-3e) (102-2a to 102-2e, 102nd -3a to 102-3e).

10. Use of an optical arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 9 in a lidar sensor or in a laser headlight or in an LED headlight.