WO2018133216A1 - 一种共面电容式聚合物分子取向测量装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种共面电容式聚合物分子取向测量装置及方法 Download PDF

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WO2018133216A1
WO2018133216A1 PCT/CN2017/079932 CN2017079932W WO2018133216A1 WO 2018133216 A1 WO2018133216 A1 WO 2018133216A1 CN 2017079932 W CN2017079932 W CN 2017079932W WO 2018133216 A1 WO2018133216 A1 WO 2018133216A1
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coplanar
electrode
conductive
electrodes
capacitance
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French (fr)
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张云
李德群
周华民
黄志高
王云明
张逸
叶庆莹
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance

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  • the invention belongs to the field of polymer processing molding process detection, and more particularly to a coplanar capacitive polymer molecular orientation measuring device and method, which can be used for measuring molecular orientation during polymer molding.
  • the polymer has various excellent properties such as rich raw materials, easy processing, high specific strength and chemical corrosion resistance, and thus has been widely used in various industries.
  • the molecular chains of the polymer are oriented according to the flow behavior of the melt, and exhibit a certain orientation distribution depending on the shearing of the melt.
  • the final distribution of the orientation of the polymer molecules and the history of the changes determine the mechanical, optical and thermophysical properties of the polymer product. Therefore, molecular orientation measurements during polymer molding are of great significance for the determination of product properties.
  • the first type is off-line measurement
  • the earlier proposed X-ray diffraction method X-ray diffraction is an important means to study crystallography.
  • X-ray diffraction can be used to microscopically reflect the conformation of polymer chains and local chain relationships. Therefore, the use of X-ray diffraction to measure polymer molecular orientation has also received increasing attention.
  • Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXS) measure the degree of orientation by the diffraction arc length and the dispersion scattering intensity, respectively.
  • birefringence method uses two refractive index differences in mutually perpendicular directions to measure the degree of orientation, but it is only suitable for transparent materials and the optical instrument debugging is complicated, while the infrared dichroism
  • the chromaticity method measures the degree of orientation according to the anisotropy of the infrared absorption of the oriented sample.
  • these off-line measurement methods have the disadvantages of complicated sample preparation process and inability to detect on-line.
  • the second type is online detection, and there are few methods.
  • ultrasonic measurement method For example, in Zhao Peng’s article “Online Detection of Plastic Injection Molding Process Based on Ultrasonic Technology”, The change in the morphology of the polymer melt is explained by changes in the ultrasonic signal during the injection molding process.
  • Edward R et al. used ultrasonic shear wave to detect the orientation behavior of polymer in the mold cavity.
  • most of the researches in this area are still in the laboratory stage. In practical applications, further research is needed on ultrasonic testing equipment, theoretical relationship between ultrasonic signals and polymer orientation, and analysis and processing of ultrasonic signals.
  • a method for detecting the degree of orientation of a tube by ultrasonic sound velocity is provided.
  • the sound velocity of a plurality of pipe samples perpendicular to the direction of material orientation is tested by ultrasonic waves, and then calibrated by infrared dichroism method.
  • a corresponding curve of the ultrasonic wave velocity and the degree of orientation is obtained.
  • the method must be sliced and tested, and the calibration process is complicated, which is not conducive to on-line measurement, and the scope of application is limited to polymer pipes.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a coplanar capacitive polymer molecular orientation measuring apparatus and method, wherein a relative arrangement of a plurality of sets of coplanar electrodes in a measuring device is adopted, The shape and relative position setting of the conductive electrodes in each group of coplanar electrodes, and the types of measured parameters are improved.
  • the molecular orientation measurement of the polymer can be effectively solved, and the measurement method is only applicable to some specific shapes.
  • the invention utilizes the anisotropy of the dielectric properties of the polymer material, establishes the relationship of orientation-dielectric-capacitance, is suitable for various types of polymers, belongs to non-destructive testing, has high precision and fast response.
  • the non-invasive features, and the measuring device and method can be used for on-line measurement of polymer molecular orientation in a real processing environment, with high flexibility and wide application range.
  • a coplanar capacitive polymer molecular orientation measuring apparatus which comprises a sensor probe array (10), a capacitance measuring unit (13), and an orientation calculation module. (14), among them,
  • the sensor probe array (10) includes a plurality of sets of coplanar electrodes disposed on an insulating substrate (9);
  • any set of the coplanar electrodes at least two conductive electrodes are included, and any one of the conductive electrodes has a strip electrode structure; for any two of the conductive electrodes in the same coplanar electrode, Their strip electrode structures are parallel to each other and maintain a fixed pitch; the capacitance between any two of the conductive electrodes is affected by the polymer to be measured; and, for any set of the coplanar electrodes, defined on the substrate (9) a straight line on the plane parallel to the strip electrode structure in the coplanar electrode is a straight line of the coplanar electrode;
  • the capacitance measuring unit (13) is connected to the sensor probe array (10) for measuring capacitance between any two of the conductive electrodes in the same group of the coplanar electrodes, and obtaining the plurality of groups Multiple sets of capacitance data corresponding to the coplanar electrodes;
  • the orientation calculation module (14) is connected to the capacitance measurement unit (13) for calculating a molecular orientation of the polymer to be measured according to the plurality of sets of capacitance data measured by the capacitance measurement unit (13);
  • the plurality of sets of coplanar electrodes on the sensor probe array (10) are at least four sets of coplanar electrodes, and four of the coplanar electrodes are used as two coplanar electrode array units.
  • Each of the coplanar electrode array units includes two sets of the coplanar electrodes; for two sets of the coplanar electrodes in the same coplanar electrode array unit, the two sets of the coplanar electrodes The angle between the arranged straight lines is 90°;
  • any one of the faces on the surface of the substrate (9) is defined as a unit positive direction, and for any set of the coplanar electrodes, the arrangement line of the coplanar electrodes and the unit positive direction The angle between the angles is 0° to 180°.
  • any one of the coplanar electrodes includes a plurality of the strip electrode structures, and the strip structures are parallel to each other and mutually They are connected by a conductive structure.
  • any set of the coplanar electrodes three conductive electrodes and one substrate (4) are included, and the three conductive electrodes are respectively a first conductive electrode (1) and a second conductive electrode. (2), and a third conductive electrode (3); preferably, the first conductive electrode (1), the second conductive electrode (2), and the third conductive electrode (3) are both located The same side of the substrate (9).
  • the first conductive electrode (1) and the second conductive electrode (2) are cross-distributed with each other, and the second conductive electrode (2) Any one of the strip electrode structures is kept at a fixed distance from a strip electrode structure adjacent thereto and belonging to the first conductive electrode (1);
  • the third conductive electrode (3) is located between the first conductive electrode (1) and the second conductive electrode (2), and the third conductive electrode (3) is away from the first conductive electrode (1)
  • the distance of any one of the strip electrode structures remains fixed, and the distance of the third conductive electrode (3) from any one of the strip electrode structures of the second conductive electrode (2) remains fixed; and, the third conductive electrode (3) a distance from any one of the strip electrode structures of the first conductive electrode (1) and a distance from the third conductive electrode (3) to any one of the strip electrode structures of the second conductive electrode (2) The distance is not equal.
  • any one of the conductive electrodes of any one of the coplanar electrodes is two,
  • the capacitance measuring unit (13) is configured to measure a capacitance between the two conductive electrodes in the same coplanar electrode among the two coplanar electrode array units, and obtain the total of the two 4 sets of capacitance data corresponding to 4 sets of the coplanar electrodes in the surface electrode array unit;
  • the orientation calculation module (14) is configured to calculate a molecular orientation ⁇ of the polymer to be measured according to the four capacitance data measured by the capacitance measuring unit (13):
  • C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 are the four capacitance data measured by the capacitance measuring unit (13), and C 1 and C 2 correspond to the same coplanar electrode array unit, C 3 , C 4 corresponds to another coplanar electrode array unit.
  • the capacitance measuring unit (13) is configured to measure between two pre-selected conductive electrodes in the same coplanar electrode among the two coplanar electrode array units. Capaciting, and obtaining four capacitance data corresponding to four of the two coplanar electrode array units; the preselected two conductive electrodes being a first conductive electrode and a second conductive electrode Or a first conductive electrode and a third conductive electrode, or a second conductive electrode and a third conductive electrode;
  • the orientation calculation module (14) is configured to calculate a molecular orientation ⁇ of the polymer to be measured according to the four capacitance data measured by the capacitance measuring unit (13):
  • C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 are the four sets of capacitance data measured by the capacitance measuring unit (13), and C 1 and C 2 correspond to the same coplanar electrode array unit, C 3 , C 4 corresponds to another coplanar electrode array unit.
  • the orientation calculation module (14) is used to calculate a set of molecular orientations ⁇ .
  • the substrate (9) is located on the inner wall (12) of the polymer molding cavity
  • the substrate (9) is an insulating substrate (9) whose surface is coated with an insulating coating.
  • the present invention provides a coplanar capacitive polymer molecular orientation measuring method using the above-described coplanar capacitive polymer molecular orientation measuring device, characterized in that it comprises the following step:
  • C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , and C 4 are capacitance data collected by the capacitance measuring unit (13) at the same time, and C 1 and C 2 correspond to the same coplanar electrode in the two coplanar electrode array units.
  • Array unit, C 3 , C 4 corresponding to another coplanar electrode array unit of two coplanar electrode array units; distance between preselected two conductive electrodes corresponding to C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 Equal to each other, preferably, the two conductive electrodes are both the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode, or both the first conductive electrode and the third conductive electrode, or both of the second conductive electrode and the third conductive electrode;
  • the orientation of the polymer molecules is measured by the coplanar electrode structure, and the relationship between the orientation-dielectric-capacitance is established by the principle of dielectric anisotropy.
  • the invention utilizes the structural advantages of the coplanar electrode, calculates the orientation of the polymer molecules by measuring the capacitance of the oriented polymer in the direction of different scattering electric fields, and overcomes the inability to detect on-line in the molecular orientation measurement of the polymer, and the orientation direction is not clear. Disadvantages.
  • the method adopts electrical quantity measurement and belongs to non-destructive testing. It is suitable for various types of polymers and has the characteristics of high precision, fast response, non-invasive and simple measurement method. It provides a measure for molecular orientation measurement and analysis in polymer molding process. An effective means and can be widely used in the quality control of polymer products. Specifically, it has the following advantages:
  • Capacitive measurement is applicable to all kinds of polymers (insulating materials), including transparent, translucent and opaque materials, and the electrical signal has high precision and fast response;
  • Capacitance modeling is simple, and it is easy to analyze the theoretical relationship between capacitance and orientation;
  • Non-destructive on-line detection of polymer molecular orientation can be achieved, with non-invasive features.
  • a coplanar capacitive polymer molecular orientation measuring device adopts a coplanar electrode structure and a base material, and the sensor probe array is installed in a mold cavity, which has high flexibility and wide adaptability. Further, the distance between the three conductive electrodes in the coplanar electrode structure is different, and the two different combinations have three different penetration depths, which can achieve the orientation measurement of different thicknesses of the polymer melt at the same position. For the delamination phenomenon which is easy to occur in the polymer molding process, the present invention can measure the orientation state of the polymer of different layers, and the obtained polymer orientation information is more accurate.
  • the contact between the two is different from that of the sensor, the melt and the sensor are in close contact with each other, and there is no air gap layer, and for the solid state, there is an air gap in the present invention.
  • the scattered electric field obtained by the coplanar electrode has a certain penetration depth, so the present invention can accurately measure both the solid and molten materials to be tested, and is coplanar in comparison with the conventional multi-wavelength coplanar electrode structure.
  • the electrode measures the same area, and there is no problem that the measurement of the solid polymer to be tested is inaccurate due to the imbalance of the force in the region.
  • the method for measuring the molecular orientation of the coplanar capacitive polymer in the invention does not need to be prepared for the test sample, and is measured online by using the non-destructive testing technology, the method is simple, easy to implement, and the electric quantity measurement is high, and the precision is high, and the polymer material is convenient. Judgment of physical and mechanical properties. Further, by mounting the sensor probe at a plurality of locations within the cavity wall, the orientation distribution of the melt at different depths in the polymer molding process can be measured online.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a conductive electrode and a substrate in any one of the coplanar electrodes in the probe array of the coplanar capacitive orientation measuring sensor of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a probe array of a coplanar capacitive orientation measuring sensor of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the main dielectric tensor, the main dielectric tensor coordinate system, and the sensor probe array of the polymer material to be tested;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the operation of the coplanar capacitive orientation measuring device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the operation of the coplanar capacitive orientation measuring device in the torque rheometer of the present invention.
  • a coplanar capacitive polymer molecular orientation measuring device includes a coplanar capacitive orientation measuring sensor probe array (10), a capacitance measuring unit (13), and an orientation calculation module (14),
  • the coplanar capacitive orientation measuring sensor probe array (10) is located on a polymer mold cavity wall (ie, a polymer molding cavity inner wall (12)), including a base material (9) and a coplanar electrode (5) ( 6) (7) (8) and an insulating coating, as shown in Fig. 2, the coplanar electrodes are connected to a capacitance measuring unit (13). Since the inner wall (12) of the polymer molding cavity is much larger than the sensor probe array (10), the sensor probe array (10) can still be approximated as a plane.
  • the coplanar capacitive orientation measurement sensor probe array (10) comprises a plurality of sets of coplanar electrode structures, the number of which is 4 sets or more, and corresponds to different design angles.
  • the number of the coplanar electrode structures is four groups, and is divided into two array units, each array unit is composed of two sets of coplanar electrodes, and respectively corresponding to different design angles (design angle is the base (9) surface Any one of the above directions is the unit positive direction, such as the length direction of the sensor probe array, the angle between the positive direction of the unit and the coplanar electrode).
  • design angles of the four sets of coplanar electrode structures are between 0° and 180°, and the design angles of the coplanar electrode structures in the same array unit are different by 90°.
  • the design angles of the coplanar electrode structures in the two array units are different by 45°, so the design angles corresponding to the four sets of coplanar electrode structures include but are not limited to 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°. (0° corresponds to the case where the positive direction of the unit is parallel to one of the coplanar electrode structures).
  • the coplanar electrode structure comprises three conductive electrodes 1, 2, 3 and a substrate 4, and each of the conductive electrodes is connected to a capacitance measuring unit (13) as shown in FIG.
  • the three conductive electrodes include a first conductive electrode (1), a second conductive electrode (2) and a third conductive electrode (3), both located on the substrate (4), the substrate (4) is located On the base material (9).
  • first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode respectively comprise a plurality of electrode strips arranged in parallel and uniformly dispersed, which are staggered and not connected to each other.
  • the third conductive electrode comprises a rectangular electrode strip embedded between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode gap, and the vertical distance from the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode is different, and the three conductive electrodes The spacing between the two is different.
  • a coplanar capacitive polymer molecular orientation measurement method comprises: design and installation of a coplanar capacitive sensor probe array, measurement of a probe array capacitance value, and polymer molecular orientation analysis based on a capacitance value, specifically Including, including:
  • the coplanar capacitive orientation measurement sensor probe array contacts the polymer material to be tested (11), and collects the output capacitance value of the capacitance measurement unit according to a preset sampling period timing, through different electrodes Combining, the capacitance values of the three thickness positions in the four directions of the measurement point polymer in each direction were obtained, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.
  • the dielectric constant can be expressed by the dielectric tensor ⁇ in any coordinate system.
  • ⁇ xx , ⁇ yy , ⁇ zz are the diagonal quantities of the dielectric tensor
  • ⁇ xy , ⁇ yx , ⁇ yz , ⁇ zy , ⁇ xz , ⁇ zx are the non-diagonal amounts of the dielectric tensor.
  • the coordinate system corresponding to the main dielectric tensor components ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 is referred to as the main coordinate system x 1 x 2 x 3 , and as shown in FIG. 3, the main dielectric direction coincides with the polymer molecular orientation.
  • the capacitance value between a pair of conductive electrodes in a quadrature coplanar capacitor structure is C ⁇ + ⁇ / 2
  • 2C 0 is the capacitance value of the pair of conductive electrodes in vacuum, which can be calculated from the electrode structure parameters
  • ⁇ s is the dielectric constant of the base material
  • ⁇ is the orientation angle of the polymer molecules, and when the orientation angle is 0°, it indicates that the direction of the sensor probe array coincides with the orientation direction of the polymer molecules.
  • a vortex shear flow of the polymer melt is obtained using a rotational rheometer such that the orientation of the polymer molecules is substantially consistent with the flow direction of the polymer melt.
  • the polymer material is selected from PS (polystyrene)
  • the rheometer is selected from the American TA company's AR-1000 dynamic rotary rheometer
  • the concentric cylindrical pressure sensor is used, in which the outer cylinder 16 is fixed and the radius is fixed.
  • R 2 22.5 mm
  • the PS melt is between the two cylindrical faces, and since the gap between the two cylinders is much smaller than the radius of the two cylinders, it can be approximated as a pure shearing motion.
  • the specific orientation measurement method steps include:
  • the collected capacitance signal is displayed in the window, and the capacitance conversion is calculated as the orientation angle of the polymer molecule in real time according to formula (1.7), thereby realizing the on-line measurement of the molecular orientation in the polymer processing, which is selected here.
  • the first electrode combines the output of four capacitance values to calculate the molecular orientation
  • the specific orientation measuring device includes:
  • an apparatus for measuring molecular orientation on a polymer molding process includes a coplanar capacitive orientation measurement sensor probe array (10), a capacitance measurement unit (13), and an orientation calculation module (14), wherein the sensor probe array (10) Fixedly mounted on the polymer molding cavity wall (12), and the capacitance measuring unit (13) is connected to the electrodes of the sensor probe array.
  • the coplanar capacitive orientation measurement sensor probe array (10) includes four sets of coplanar electrode structures (5), (6), (7), (8), electrodes.
  • the angle between the direction and the length of the sensor probe array is 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°.
  • the coplanar electrode structure includes three conductive electrodes (1), (2), (3), and a substrate (4), each of the conductive electrodes and the capacitor
  • the measuring unit (13) is connected.
  • the three conductive electrodes include a first conductive electrode (1), a second conductive electrode (2), and a third conductive electrode (3), all located on the substrate (4). on.
  • the first conductive electrode (1) and the second conductive electrode (2) comprise a plurality of mutually parallel fingers, and the size parameters are equal, and the two are staggered and not connected to each other.
  • the third conductive electrode (3) includes a rectangular electrode strip embedded between the first conductive electrode (1) and the second conductive electrode (2). And the vertical distances of (1) and (2) are different, and the three conductive electrodes have different pitches.
  • the substrate material (9) may be selected from a flexible material, the substrate (4) being on a flexible substrate material.
  • the invention relates to a coplanar capacitive polymer molecular orientation measuring device, wherein the sensor probe array (10) comprises at least four sets of coplanar electrodes (the four sets of coplanar electrodes are distributed according to requirements according to the arrangement straight line, and according to the arrangement straight line The four sets of coplanar electrodes are divided into two coplanar electrode array units; FIG.
  • the coplanar electrodes (5) and the coplanar electrodes ( 6) belong to the same coplanar electrode array unit, the coplanar electrode (7) and the coplanar electrode (8) belong to another coplanar electrode array unit); when the number of coplanar electrodes on the sensor probe array (10) is greater than 4 groups (For example, 5 groups, 6 groups), you can select only 4 groups of coplanar electrodes that meet the requirements of 2 coplanar electrode array units, and measure the corresponding 2 conductive electrodes of the 4 groups of coplanar electrodes (eg, preselection) A coplanar capacitance formed between the two conductive electrodes).
  • the distance between the electrode combinations is different, and the electric field penetration capability is also different; when the two pre-selected conductive electrodes fluctuate (for example, from the combination of the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode, the first The combination of the conductive electrode and the third conductive electrode), because the distance between the electrode combinations for measuring the capacitance changes, can reflect the molecular orientation of the polymer at different depths (for example, in FIG. 5, the depth direction is from the outside)
  • the diameter R 2 points to the center of the circle, that is, to the radial direction of the inner diameter R 1 ).
  • the spacing between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode for any one set of coplanar electrodes first The spacing between the conductive electrode and the third conductive electrode and the spacing between the second conductive electrode and the third conductive electrode are different (of course, the number of conductive electrodes can also be increased as needed, at least 2);
  • the corresponding conductive electrodes are Pitch must be consistent, except that 4 different set of conductive electrodes arranged in a straight line, other structures or shapes are to keep the same settings.
  • any one of the conductive electrodes and the other conductive electrodes are separated from each other and are not connected to each other (otherwise, the capacitance value measurement between the two conductive electrodes will lose meaning); for any one of the conductive electrodes, including In the case of strip electrode structures, these strips
  • the structures are parallel to each other and connected to each other by a conductive structure (the material used for the conductive structure may be the same as that used for the strip electrode structure), as shown in FIG.

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Abstract

一种共面电容式聚合物分子取向测量装置及方法，测量装置包括传感器探头阵列(10)、电容测量单元(13)、以及取向计算模块(14)，其中，传感器探头阵列(10)包括多组共面电极；任意一组共面电极均包括至少两个导电电极；电容测量单元(13)用于测量同一共面电极内的任意两个导电电极之间的电容，并得到多组电容数据；取向计算模块(14)则用于根据多组电容数据计算待测量聚合物的分子取向。利用聚合物材料介电性能的各向异性，通过共面电极结构测量聚合物分子取向，建立了取向-介电-电容三者的关系，适用于各类聚合物，属于无损检测，具有精度高、响应快、非侵入式等特点。

Description

一种共面电容式聚合物分子取向测量装置及方法 [技术领域]
本发明属于聚合物加工成型过程检测领域，更具体地，涉及一种共面电容式聚合物分子取向测量装置及方法，该装置及方法可用于测量聚合物成型过程中分子取向。
[背景技术]
聚合物具有原料丰富、易于加工、比强度高、耐化学腐蚀等各种优良性能，因而在各行各业得到了广泛的应用。在聚合物成型过程中，聚合物分子链随熔体的流动行为而取向，并随熔体各处剪切的不同，呈现一定的取向分布。聚合物分子的取向的最终分布以及变化历史决定着聚合物产品的力学性能、光学性能及热物理性能，因此聚合物成型过程中的分子取向测量对于产品性能的确定具有重大意义。
目前，公开报道的聚合物分子取向测量方法主要有两大类：第一类为离线测量，较早提出的有X射线衍射法。X射线衍射是研究晶体学的重要手段，在聚合物方面，利用X射线衍射能微观反应高分子链的构象及局部链段关系，因此利用X射线衍射测量聚合物分子取向也逐渐受到重视，例如广角X射线衍射(WAXD)和小角X射线衍射(SAXS)分别以衍射圆弧长度和弥散散射强度来度量取向度。同一时期还有双折射法和红外二向色性法，其中双折射法利用两个互相垂直方向上折射率差来衡量取向度，但只适用于透明材料且光学仪器调试复杂，而红外二向色性法根据取向试样红外吸收的各向异性来测量取向度。通常，这些离线测量方法具有制样过程复杂、无法在线检测等缺点。
第二类为在线检测，其方法较少，目前提出的有超声波测量法。例如在赵朋等所著文献《基于超声技术的塑料注射成型过程在线检测》中，利 用注塑过程中超声信号的变化解释聚合物熔体结构形态的变化。Edward R等所著文献《On-line measurement of polymer orientation using ultrasonic technology》中采用超声横波在线检测了聚合物在模具型腔中的取向行为。但目前这方面的研究大多还处于实验室阶段，实际应用时还要对超声检测设备、超声信号与聚合物取向的理论关系、超声信号的分析和处理等方面进一步研究。
在公开号为CN102012400A的中国专利文献中，提供了一种超声波声速检测管材取向度的方法，通过超声波测试多个管材样品垂直于材料取向方向上声速，再利用红外二向色性法来标定，得到超声波波速和取向度的对应曲线。但该方法必须对样品进行切片测试，标定过程复杂，不利于在线测量，且适用范围仅限于聚合物管材。
[发明内容]
针对现有技术的以上缺陷或改进需求，本发明的目的在于提出一种共面电容式聚合物分子取向测量装置及方法，其中通过对测量装置中关键的多组共面电极的相对设置方式、每组共面电极中导电电极的形状及相对位置设置、以及测量的参数类型等进行改进，与现有技术相比能够有效解决聚合物的分子取向测量困难、测量方法只适用于部分特定形状的聚合物等的问题，本发明利用聚合物材料介电性能的各向异性，建立了取向-介电-电容三者的关系，适用于各类聚合物，属于无损检测，具有精度高、响应快、非侵入式等特点，且该测量装置及方法能用于真实加工环境的聚合物分子取向在线测量，灵活度较高且适用范围较广。
为实现上述目的，按照本发明的一个方面，提供了一种共面电容式聚合物分子取向测量装置，其特征在于，包括传感器探头阵列(10)、电容测量单元(13)、以及取向计算模块(14)，其中，
所述传感器探头阵列(10)包括设置在绝缘基底(9)上的多组共面电极；
对于任意一组所述共面电极，均包括至少两个导电电极，并且，任意一个所述导电电极均具有条状电极结构；对于同一所述共面电极内的任意两个所述导电电极，它们的条状电极结构相互平行，并且保持固定间距；任意两个所述导电电极之间的电容受待测量聚合物的影响；并且，对于任意一组所述共面电极，定义在所述基底(9)平面上的、且与该共面电极中的条状电极结构相平行的直线为该共面电极的排布直线；
所述电容测量单元(13)与所述传感器探头阵列(10)相连，用于测量同一组所述共面电极内的任意两个所述导电电极之间的电容，并得到与所述多组共面电极相对应的多组电容数据；
所述取向计算模块(14)与所述电容测量单元(13)相连，用于根据所述电容测量单元(13)测量得到的所述多组电容数据计算所述待测量聚合物的分子取向；
此外，所述传感器探头阵列(10)上的所述多组共面电极至少为4组共面电极，以这些共面电极中的4组所述共面电极作为2个共面电极阵列单元，其中，每个所述共面电极阵列单元均包括2组所述共面电极；对于同一个所述共面电极阵列单元中的2组所述共面电极，这2组所述共面电极的排布直线之间的夹角为90°；
对于这2个所述共面电极阵列单元，其中一个阵列单元中任意一组共面电极的排布直线，与另一个阵列单元中的任意一组共面电极的排布直线，这两条直线之间的夹角为45°。
作为本发明的进一步优选，定义所述基底(9)面上的任意一个方向为单位正方向，则对于任意一组所述共面电极，该共面电极的排布直线与该单位正方向之间的夹角为0°～180°。
作为本发明的进一步优选，对于任意一组所述共面电极，该共面电极中的任意一个所述导电电极均包括多个所述条状电极结构，这些条状结构相互平行、且彼此之间通过导电结构相连。
作为本发明的进一步优选，对于任意一组所述共面电极，均包括三个导电电极以及一个基板(4)，记这三个导电电极分别为第一导电电极(1)、第二导电电极(2)、以及第三导电电极(3)；优选的，所述第一导电电极(1)、所述第二导电电极(2)、以及所述第三导电电极(3)均位于所述基底(9)的同一面上。
作为本发明的进一步优选，对于任意一组所述共面电极，所述第一导电电极(1)与所述第二导电电极(2)相互交叉分布，该第二导电电极(2)中的任意一个所述条状电极结构距与其相邻的、且属于所述第一导电电极(1)中的条状电极结构的距离保持固定；
所述第三导电电极(3)位于所述第一导电电极(1)与所述第二导电电极(2)之间，该第三导电电极(3)距所述第一导电电极(1)中任意一个条状电极结构的距离保持固定，该第三导电电极(3)距所述第二导电电极(2)中任意一个条状电极结构的距离保持固定；并且，所述第三导电电极(3)距所述第一导电电极(1)中任意一个条状电极结构的距离与所述第三导电电极(3)距所述第二导电电极(2)中任意一个条状电极结构的距离两者不相等。
作为本发明的进一步优选，当任意一组所述共面电极中的所述导电电极为两个时，
所述电容测量单元(13)用于测量所述2个共面电极阵列单元中属于同一所述共面电极内的、两个所述导电电极之间的电容，并得到与所述2个共面电极阵列单元中的4组所述共面电极相对应的4个电容数据；
所述取向计算模块(14)用于根据所述电容测量单元(13)测量得到的所述4个电容数据计算所述待测量聚合物的分子取向θ：
Figure PCTCN2017079932-appb-000001
其中，C1、C2、C3、C4为所述电容测量单元(13)测量得到的所述4 个电容数据，C1、C2对应同一个共面电极阵列单元，C3、C4对应另一个共面电极阵列单元。
作为本发明的进一步优选，所述电容测量单元(13)用于测量所述2个共面电极阵列单元中属于同一所述共面电极内的、预先选择的两个所述导电电极之间的电容，并得到与所述2个共面电极阵列单元中的4个所述共面电极相对应的4个电容数据；所述预先选择的两个导电电极为第一导电电极与第二导电电极，或者为第一导电电极与第三导电电极，或者为第二导电电极与第三导电电极；
所述取向计算模块(14)用于根据所述电容测量单元(13)测量得到的所述4个电容数据计算所述待测量聚合物的分子取向θ：
Figure PCTCN2017079932-appb-000002
其中，C1、C2、C3、C4为所述电容测量单元(13)测量得到的所述4组电容数据，C1、C2对应同一个共面电极阵列单元，C3、C4对应另一个共面电极阵列单元。
作为本发明的进一步优选，当所述电容测量单元(13)中的所述预先选择的两个导电电极变动时，所述取向计算模块(14)则用于计算得到一组分子取向θ。
作为本发明的进一步优选，所述基底(9)位于聚合物成型模腔内壁(12)上；
且所述基底(9)为表面涂有绝缘涂层的绝缘基底(9)。
按照本发明的另一方面，本发明提供了一种共面电容式聚合物分子取向测量方法，该测量方法是采用上述一种共面电容式聚合物分子取向测量装置，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)将至少一个传感器探头阵列(10)安装在聚合物成型模腔内壁(12)上，并将该传感器探头阵列(10)中的共面电极与电容测量单元(13)连 接；
(2)执行聚合物成型加工步骤，以聚合物成型模腔中进行成型加工的聚合物作为待测量聚合物，并根据预设的采样周期定时对所述电容测量单元(13)输出的电容值进行采集；
(3)根据同一时刻采集到的所述电容值，计算所述待测量聚合物的分子取向θ：
Figure PCTCN2017079932-appb-000003
其中，C1、C2、C3、C4为同一时刻所述电容测量单元(13)采集到的电容数据，C1、C2对应2个共面电极阵列单元中的同一个共面电极阵列单元，C3、C4对应2个共面电极阵列单元中的另一个共面电极阵列单元；C1、C2、C3、C4对应的预先选择的两个导电电极之间的距离彼此相等，优选的，这两个导电电极均为第一导电电极与第二导电电极，或者均为第一导电电极与第三导电电极，或者均为第二导电电极与第三导电电极；
即得到一系列随时间变化的待测量聚合物的分子取向θ。
通过本发明所构思的以上技术方案，与现有技术相比，通过共面电极结构测量聚合物分子取向，利用介电性能各向异性原理，建立了取向-介电-电容三者的关系。本发明利用共面电极的结构优势，通过测量不同散射电场方向上已取向聚合物的电容大小，计算聚合物分子的取向，克服了以往聚合物分子取向测量中无法在线检测、取向方向不明确等缺点。本方法采用电学量测量，属于无损检测，适用于各类聚合物，具有精度高、响应快、非侵入式、测量方法简单等特点，为聚合物成型过程中分子取向的测量与分析提供了一种有效手段，并可广泛运用于聚合物产品的质量控制。具体说来，具有如下优点：
1)电容式测量适用于各类聚合物(绝缘材料)，包括透明、半透明和不透明材料，且电信号精度高、响应快；
2)共面电容式结构简单，方便安装，且能与测量电路集成一体；
3)电容建模简单，易于分析电容与取向的理论关系；
4)可实现聚合物分子取向的无损在线检测，具有非侵入式特点。
本发明中一种共面电容式聚合物分子取向测量装置，采用了共面电极结构外加基底材料，并将传感器探头阵列安装在模具型腔内，灵活度较高且适应性较广。进一步，共面电极结构中三个导电电极间距离两两不等，两两组合后产生三种不同穿透深度，可以实现聚合物熔体同一位置不同厚度的取向测量。对于聚合物成型过程中容易出现的分层现象，本发明可以测得不同层聚合物的取向状态，得到的聚合物取向信息更准确。另外，对于材料的固体状态和熔体状态，两者与传感器之间的接触情况不同，熔体和传感器之间紧密接触，不存在空气间隙层，而对于固体状态，本发明中虽然存在空气间隙，但通过共面电极得到的散射电场具有一定穿透深度，因此本发明对固态和熔融态的待测材料均能准确测量，且与传统的多波长共面电极结构相比，本发明中共面电极测量的是同一区域，不存在因区域不同受力不平衡导致固态待测聚合物测量不准确的问题。
本发明中一种共面电容式聚合物分子取向测量方法，无需待测试样准备过程，采用无损检测技术在线测量，方法简单，易实施，且为电学量测量，精度高，便于聚合物材料物理机械性能的判断。进一步，在型腔壁内多个位置安装此传感器探头，可以在线测量聚合物成型过程中不同位置不同深度熔体的取向分布。
[附图说明]
图1是本发明中共面电容式取向测量传感器探头阵列中任意一个共面电极中导电电极与基板示意图；
图2是本发明共面电容式取向测量传感器探头阵列示意图；
图3为待测聚合物材料主介电张量、主介电张量坐标系和传感器探头阵列的位置关系示意图；
图4为本发明中共面电容式取向测量装置的工作示意图；
图5为本发明中共面电容式取向测量装置在转矩流变仪中的工作示意图。
[具体实施方式]
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。此外，下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
本发明中一种共面电容式聚合物分子取向测量装置，如图4所示，包括共面电容式取向测量传感器探头阵列(10)、电容测量单元(13)和取向计算模块(14)，所述的共面电容式取向测量传感器探头阵列(10)位于聚合物模具型腔壁(即聚合物成型模腔内壁(12))上，包括基底材料(9)、共面电极(5)(6)(7)(8)以及绝缘涂层，如图2所示，所述的共面电极均与电容测量单元(13)连接。由于聚合物成型模腔内壁(12)远大于传感器探头阵列(10)，因此该传感器探头阵列(10)仍可近似为一个平面。
进一步，所述的共面电容式取向测量传感器探头阵列(10)包括多组共面电极结构，其数目为4组及以上，且对应不同的设计角度。
进一步，所述共面电极结构的数目为4组，分为2个阵列单元，每个阵列单元由2组共面电极构成，且分别对应不同的设计角度(设计角度即以基底(9)面上的任意一个方向作为单位正方向，如传感器探头阵列长度方向，该单位正方向与共面电极间的夹角)。
进一步，所述4组共面电极结构对应的设计角度均位于0°-180°之间，且同一个阵列单元中共面电极结构的设计角度相差90°。
进一步，所述2个阵列单元中共面电极结构对应的设计角度相差45°，因此4组共面电极结构对应的设计角度包括但不限于0°，45°，90°，135° (0°即对应单位正方向平行于其中1组共面电极结构的情况)。
进一步，所述的共面电极结构包括三个导电电极1、2、3和一个基板4，如图1所示，所述的每个导电电极均与电容测量单元(13)连接。
进一步，所述的三个导电电极包括第一导电电极(1)、第二导电电极(2)和第三导电电极(3)，均位于基板(4)上，所述的基板(4)位于基底材料(9)上。
进一步，所述的第一导电电极和第二导电电极分别包括多根相互平行的均匀分散排布的电极条，相互交错排列且互不连通。所述第三导电电极包括一根嵌在第一导电电极和第二导电电极间隙间的蜿蜒的矩形电极条，且与第一导电电极和第二导电电极的垂直距离不同，三个导电电极两两间距均不同。
相应的，本发明中一种共面电容式聚合物分子取向测量方法，包括共面电容式传感器探头阵列的设计与安装、探头阵列电容值的测量以及基于电容值的聚合物分子取向分析，具体来说，包括：
1)将至少一个共面电容式取向测量传感器探头阵列安装在聚合物模具型腔壁(12)上，并将传感器探头阵列的共面电极与电容测量单元(13)连接；
2)执行聚合物成型加工步骤，共面电容式取向测量传感器探头阵列接触待测聚合物材料(11)，根据预设的采样周期定时对电容测量单元的输出电容值进行采集，通过不同的电极组合，得到测量点聚合物四个方向上、每个方向三个厚度位置的电容值，结果如下表表1所示。
表1
Figure PCTCN2017079932-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2017079932-appb-000005
3)选取同一厚度电容结果，根据以下电容-取向转换公式计算聚合物分子的取向角(聚合物分子取向与所述传感器探头阵列长度方向的夹角)，具体转换步骤为
3.1)对于各向异性材料，在任意坐标系下其介电常数可以用介电张量ε来表示，
Figure PCTCN2017079932-appb-000006
其中，εxx,εyy,εzz为介电张量的对角量，εxy，εyx，εyz，εzy，εxz，εzx为介电张量的非对角量。以传感器探测阵列所在平面为基准面，Ze方向为其法向，介电张量可化简为三主元形式如下
Figure PCTCN2017079932-appb-000007
与主介电张量分量ε1，ε2，ε3对应的坐标系称为主坐标系x1x2x3，如图3所示，主介电方向与聚合物分子取向一致。
3.2)根据理论推导，接触介质材料后，若传感器探测阵列的长度方向Xe轴与介电张量分量ε1方向成角度θ，则共面电极电容值计算公式如下
Figure PCTCN2017079932-appb-000008
同理正交的共面电容结构中一对导电电极间的电容值Cθ+π/2
Figure PCTCN2017079932-appb-000009
其中，2C0是这对导电电极在真空中的电容值，可通过电极结构参数计算得 出，εs是基底材料的介电常数，
Figure PCTCN2017079932-appb-000010
θ即是聚合物分子的取向角，当取向角为0°时，表示传感器探头阵列方向与聚合物分子取向方向一致。
3.3)选取两组正交的共面电容结构并求其电容的差值，即可得到聚合物分子的取向角θ，公式如下
Figure PCTCN2017079932-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2017079932-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2017079932-appb-000013
以下为具体实施例：
实施例1
参照图5，本例中采用旋转流变仪获得聚合物熔体的振荡剪切流，因此聚合物分子的取向大致和聚合物熔体的流动方向一致。本例中聚合物材料选择PS(聚苯乙烯)，流变仪选择美国TA公司仪器型号为AR-1000的动态旋转式流变仪，并采用同心圆柱式压力传感器，其中外圆柱16固定，半径R2＝22.5mm，内圆柱15随流变仪旋转运动，半径R1＝21mm。PS熔体处于两圆柱面之间，由于两圆柱间间隙远小于两圆柱的半径，因此可以近似为纯剪切运动。
具体取向测量方法步骤包括：
1)将至少一个共面电容式取向测量传感器探头阵列安装在旋转流变仪的固定外圆柱的内表面上，这样在流变仪运动时，能保证传感器探头阵列与高温聚合物PS熔体接触。
2)连接好叉指电极和电容测量单元，旋转流变仪开始运动，输出的振荡扭矩信号使内圆柱振荡运动产生剪切流，此时传感器探头阵列与高温聚合物熔体接触，PS熔体的介电性质发生改变，测得的电容也随之发生变化。
3)根据预设的采样周期定时对电容测量单元的输出电容值进行采集，得到测量点聚合物熔体4个方向上、每个方向3个厚度位置的电容值，结果如表1所示。
4)利用采集软件将采集到的电容信号在窗口显示，并根据公式(1.7)实时将电容转换计算为聚合物分子的取向角，从而实现在聚合物加工中对分子取向的在线测量，这里选取第一个电极组合输出的4个电容值来计算分子取向
Figure PCTCN2017079932-appb-000014
具体取向测量装置包括：
参照图4，一种用于聚合物成型加工在线测量分子取向的装置包括共面电容式取向测量传感器探头阵列(10)、电容测量单元(13)以及取向计算模块(14)，其中传感器探头阵列(10)固定安装在聚合物成型模具型腔壁(12)上，电容测量单元(13)与传感器探头阵列的电极相连。
参照图2，进一步作为优选的实施方式，所述的共面电容式取向测量传感器探头阵列(10)包括4组共面电极结构(5)、(6)、(7)、(8)，电极方向与传感器探头阵列长度方向的夹角分别为0°，45°，90°，135°。
参照图1，进一步作为优选的实施方式，所述的共面电极结构包括3个导电电极(1)、(2)、(3)和基板(4)，所述的每个导电电极均与电容测量单元(13)连接。参照图1，进一步作为优选的实施方式，所述的3个导电电极包括第一导电电极(1)、第二导电电极(2)和第三导电电极(3)，均位于基板(4)之上。所述的第一导电电极(1)和第二导电电极(2)包括多根相互平行的叉指，尺寸参数相等，两者相互交错排列且互不连通。参照图1，进一步作为优选的实施方式，所述第三导电电极(3)包括一根嵌在第一导电电极(1)和第二导电电极(2)间隙间的蜿蜒的矩形电极条，且与(1)和(2)的垂直距离不同，3个导电电极两两间距均不同。
参照图2，进一步作为优选的实施方式，所述基底材料(9)可以选择柔性材料，所述基板(4)位于柔性基底材料上。
本发明中一种共面电容式聚合物分子取向测量装置，传感器探头阵列(10)上至少包括4组共面电极(这4组共面电极根据排布直线按要求分布，并且根据排布直线的不同，这4组共面电极被分为2个共面电极阵列单元；图2示出了这4组共面电极的一种排布情况，其中共面电极(5)、共面电极(6)属于同一个共面电极阵列单元，共面电极(7)、共面电极(8)属于另一个共面电极阵列单元)；当传感器探头阵列(10)上的共面电极数量大于4组(如5组、6组)时，则可以只选取其中满足2个共面电极阵列单元要求的4组共面电极，并测量这4组共面电极中相应2个导电电极(如，预先选择的2个导电电极)之间形成的共面电容。
根据散射电场原理，电极组合之间的距离不同，电场穿透能力也不同；当预先选择的两个导电电极变动时(例如，从第一导电电极与第二导电电极的组合，变为第一导电电极与第三导电电极的组合)，由于测量电容时针对的电极组合彼此之间的距离发生变化，将能够反应出不同深度聚合物的分子取向(以图5为例，深度方向即从外径R2指向圆心，也即指向内径R1的径向方向)，因此，本发明测量装置中，对于任意1组共面电极，第一导电电极与第二导电电极之间的间距、第一导电电极与第三导电电极之间的间距、第二导电电极与第三导电电极之间的间距三者保持不同(当然导电电极的数量还可以根据需要增加，至少为2个)；另一方面，为确保采用本发明测量装置进行检测得到的检测结论的准确性，作为2个共面电极阵列单元中的4组共面电极相应导电电极之间的间距必须保持一致，这4组导电电极除了排布直线不同外，其他结构或形状均要保持相同的设置。
在传感器探头阵列(10)中，任意一个导电电极与其他导电电极之间相互分离、彼此互不连通(否则两个导电电极之间的电容值测量将失去意义)；对于任意一个导电电极包括多个条状电极结构的情况，这些条状结 构相互平行、且彼此之间通过导电结构相连(导电结构所采用的材料可以与条状电极结构所使用的材料相同)，如图1所示。
本领域的技术人员容易理解，以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种共面电容式聚合物分子取向测量装置，其特征在于，包括传感器探头阵列(10)、电容测量单元(13)、以及取向计算模块(14)，其中，
    所述传感器探头阵列(10)包括设置在绝缘基底(9)上的多组共面电极；
    对于任意一组所述共面电极，均包括至少两个导电电极，并且，任意一个所述导电电极均具有条状电极结构；对于同一所述共面电极内的任意两个所述导电电极，它们的条状电极结构相互平行，并且保持固定间距；任意两个所述导电电极之间的电容受待测量聚合物的影响；并且，对于任意一组所述共面电极，定义在所述基底(9)平面上的、且与该共面电极中的条状电极结构相平行的直线为该共面电极的排布直线；
    所述电容测量单元(13)与所述传感器探头阵列(10)相连，用于测量同一组所述共面电极内的任意两个所述导电电极之间的电容，并得到与所述多组共面电极相对应的多组电容数据；
    所述取向计算模块(14)与所述电容测量单元(13)相连，用于根据所述电容测量单元(13)测量得到的所述多组电容数据计算所述待测量聚合物的分子取向；
    此外，所述传感器探头阵列(10)上的所述多组共面电极至少为4组共面电极，以这些共面电极中的4组所述共面电极作为2个共面电极阵列单元，其中，每个所述共面电极阵列单元均包括2组所述共面电极；对于同一个所述共面电极阵列单元中的2组所述共面电极，这2组所述共面电极的排布直线之间的夹角为90°；
    对于这2个所述共面电极阵列单元，其中一个阵列单元中任意一组共面电极的排布直线，与另一个阵列单元中的任意一组共面电极的排布直线，这两条直线之间的夹角为45°。
  2. 如权利要求1所述一种共面电容式聚合物分子取向测量装置，其特征在于，定义所述基底(9)面上的任意一个方向为单位正方向，则对于任意一组所述共面电极，该共面电极的排布直线与该单位正方向之间的夹角为0°～180°。
  3. 如权利要求1所述一种共面电容式聚合物分子取向测量装置，其特征在于，对于任意一组所述共面电极，该共面电极中的任意一个所述导电电极均包括多个所述条状电极结构，这些条状结构相互平行、且彼此之间通过导电结构相连。
  4. 如权利要求3所述一种共面电容式聚合物分子取向测量装置，其特征在于，对于任意一组所述共面电极，均包括三个导电电极以及一个基板(4)，记这三个导电电极分别为第一导电电极(1)、第二导电电极(2)、以及第三导电电极(3)；优选的，所述第一导电电极(1)、所述第二导电电极(2)、以及所述第三导电电极(3)均位于所述基底(9)的同一面上。
  5. 如权利要求4所述一种共面电容式聚合物分子取向测量装置，其特征在于，对于任意一组所述共面电极，所述第一导电电极(1)与所述第二导电电极(2)相互交叉分布，该第二导电电极(2)中的任意一个所述条状电极结构距与其相邻的、且属于所述第一导电电极(1)中的条状电极结构的距离保持固定；
    所述第三导电电极(3)位于所述第一导电电极(1)与所述第二导电电极(2)之间，该第三导电电极(3)距所述第一导电电极(1)中任意一个条状电极结构的距离保持固定，该第三导电电极(3)距所述第二导电电极(2)中任意一个条状电极结构的距离保持固定；并且，所述第三导电电极(3)距所述第一导电电极(1)中任意一个条状电极结构的距离与所述第三导电电极(3)距所述第二导电电极(2)中任意一个条状电极结构的距离两者不相等。
  6. 如权利要求1所述一种共面电容式聚合物分子取向测量装置，其特 征在于，当任意一组所述共面电极中的所述导电电极为两个时，
    所述电容测量单元(13)用于测量所述2个共面电极阵列单元中属于同一所述共面电极内的、两个所述导电电极之间的电容，并得到与所述2个共面电极阵列单元中的4组所述共面电极相对应的4个电容数据；
    所述取向计算模块(14)用于根据所述电容测量单元(13)测量得到的所述4个电容数据计算所述待测量聚合物的分子取向θ：
    Figure PCTCN2017079932-appb-100001
    其中，C1、C2、C3、C4为所述电容测量单元(13)测量得到的所述4个电容数据，C1、C2对应同一个共面电极阵列单元，C3、C4对应另一个共面电极阵列单元。
  7. 如权利要求1所述一种共面电容式聚合物分子取向测量装置，其特征在于，所述电容测量单元(13)用于测量所述2个共面电极阵列单元中属于同一所述共面电极内的、预先选择的两个所述导电电极之间的电容，并得到与所述2个共面电极阵列单元中的4个所述共面电极相对应的4个电容数据；所述预先选择的两个导电电极为第一导电电极与第二导电电极，或者为第一导电电极与第三导电电极，或者为第二导电电极与第三导电电极；
    所述取向计算模块(14)用于根据所述电容测量单元(13)测量得到的所述4个电容数据计算所述待测量聚合物的分子取向θ：
    Figure PCTCN2017079932-appb-100002
    其中，C1、C2、C3、C4为所述电容测量单元(13)测量得到的所述4组电容数据，C1、C2对应同一个共面电极阵列单元，C3、C4对应另一个共面电极阵列单元。
  8. 如权利要求7所述一种共面电容式聚合物分子取向测量装置，其特 征在于，当所述电容测量单元(13)中的所述预先选择的两个导电电极变动时，所述取向计算模块(14)则用于计算得到一组分子取向θ。
  9. 如权利要求1所述一种共面电容式聚合物分子取向测量装置，其特征在于，所述基底(9)位于聚合物成型模腔内壁(12)上；
    且所述基底(9)为表面涂有绝缘涂层的绝缘基底(9)。
  10. 一种共面电容式聚合物分子取向测量方法，该测量方法是采用如权利要求1－9任意一项所述一种共面电容式聚合物分子取向测量装置，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    (1)将至少一个传感器探头阵列(10)安装在聚合物成型模腔内壁(12)上，并将该传感器探头阵列(10)中的共面电极与电容测量单元(13)连接；
    (2)执行聚合物成型加工步骤，以聚合物成型模腔中进行成型加工的聚合物作为待测量聚合物，并根据预设的采样周期定时对所述电容测量单元(13)输出的电容值进行采集；
    (3)根据同一时刻采集到的所述电容值，计算所述待测量聚合物的分子取向θ：
    Figure PCTCN2017079932-appb-100003
    其中，C1、C2、C3、C4为同一时刻所述电容测量单元(13)采集到的电容数据，C1、C2对应2个共面电极阵列单元中的同一个共面电极阵列单元，C3、C4对应2个共面电极阵列单元中的另一个共面电极阵列单元；C1、C2、C3、C4对应的预先选择的两个导电电极之间的距离彼此相等，优选的，这两个导电电极均为第一导电电极与第二导电电极，或者均为第一导电电极与第三导电电极，或者均为第二导电电极与第三导电电极；
    即得到一系列随时间变化的待测量聚合物的分子取向θ。
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