WO2018133203A1 - 一种颗粒物复合采集系统 - Google Patents

一种颗粒物复合采集系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018133203A1
WO2018133203A1 PCT/CN2017/078802 CN2017078802W WO2018133203A1 WO 2018133203 A1 WO2018133203 A1 WO 2018133203A1 CN 2017078802 W CN2017078802 W CN 2017078802W WO 2018133203 A1 WO2018133203 A1 WO 2018133203A1
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Prior art keywords
sampling
exhaust pipe
sampling device
classifier
particulate matter
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PCT/CN2017/078802
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
梁兴雨
葛明
王亚军
王月森
张洪升
孙秀秀
朱志杰
舒歌群
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Tianjin University
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Tianjin University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2247—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
    • G01N1/2252—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas in a vehicle exhaust
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
    • G01N1/2205—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling with filters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
    • G01N1/2208—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling with impactors

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of internal combustion engines, and in particular relates to a composite sampling system for exhaust gas particles of an internal combustion engine.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a particulate material collection system for composite collection of engine exhaust particulate matter.
  • a particulate material composite collecting system is composed of an engine, a main exhaust pipe, a first filter, an exhaust pipe, a mode switching module, a particle classifying module and an ash sampling module, wherein:
  • the main exhaust pipe inlet end is connected to the outlet end of the engine exhaust pipe, the main exhaust pipe outlet end is connected to the first filter, and the exhaust pipe is arranged on the main exhaust pipe between the engine and the first filter.
  • the exhaust pipe is connected to the particulate matter classification module.
  • the first flow regulating valve, the first sampling classifier, the second sampling classifier, the first electromagnetic valve, and the first sampling device are sequentially disposed on the exhaust pipe.
  • a second sampling device and a first vacuum pump the first vacuum pump is disposed at an end of the exhaust pipe
  • the flow meter is disposed above the first flow regulating valve
  • the first exhaust pipe is disposed at one side of the first sampling classifier
  • a second filter is disposed at an end of the first exhaust pipe
  • a second exhaust pipe of the branch is disposed on one side of the second sampling classifier
  • a fourth electromagnetic device is sequentially disposed on the second exhaust pipe of the branch a valve, a third sampling device, a fourth sampling device and a second vacuum pump, the second vacuum pump being disposed at an end of the second exhaust line of the branch;
  • the first pipeline of the ash sampling module is connected to the second exhaust pipe of the branch, the second pipeline of the ash sampling module is connected with the exhaust pipe; and the second pipeline of the ash sampling module is arranged.
  • There is a second electromagnetic valve; a third electromagnetic valve, a heating device, a heating control unit, a second regulating valve, a fifth sampling device, a sixth sampling device and a third vacuum pump are arranged in sequence on the first line of the ash sampling module, and the heating device is The heating control unit is connected, and the third vacuum pump is disposed at the end of the first pipeline of the ash sampling module;
  • the power source is connected to the two circuit ports through the first control switch, wherein one circuit is provided with a time relay, and the other circuit is a wire circuit; the circuit for setting the time relay and the wire circuit are respectively connected by the second control switch.
  • the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve, the third solenoid valve and the fourth solenoid valve are connected.
  • the flow meter is an integrated thermal gas flow meter.
  • the first sampling device, the third sampling device, and the fifth sampling device select the copper mesh grating as the receiving device, and are disposed on the holder, as a sampling device as a whole, and the micro-gate sampling time is 1-2s. .
  • the second sampling device, the fourth sampling device, and the sixth sampling device are filter paper sampling devices, which adopt filter paper sampling, that is, the receiving surface of the filter paper is perpendicular to the gas flow direction, and the filter paper sampling time is 1-2h. .
  • the heating control is performed by the control unit to stabilize the gas temperature at 500 ⁇ 5 degrees Celsius, and the temperature is rapidly increased by the control unit to achieve the temperature rise within 10 minutes.
  • the second regulator valve is opened and combined with the solenoid valve control for ash collection.
  • the first sampling classifier is a PM virtual impactor, or an inertial impactor
  • the cutting particle size is 1 ⁇ m in the sampling classifier
  • the engine exhaust passes through the first sampling classifier, and the particles larger than 1 ⁇ m enter the first In the exhaust line, particles less than 1 ⁇ m enter the second sampling classifier.
  • the second sampling classifier is a PM virtual impactor, or an inertial impactor
  • the cutting particle size is 0.3 ⁇ m in the sampling classifier
  • the engine exhaust passes through the second sampling classifier, and the particulate matter larger than 0.3 ⁇ m enters.
  • the first pipeline of the ash sampling module (sampled by the fourth electromagnetic valve, the third sampling device, the fourth sampling device and the second vacuum pump), the particles less than 0.3 ⁇ m enter the branch exhaust pipe (via the first electromagnetic valve, first The sampling device, the second sampling device, and the first vacuum pump perform sampling).
  • a method of using a particulate composite acquisition system is carried out according to the following steps:
  • Step 1 start the engine, perform the heat engine under idle conditions, stabilize it in the target working condition, and close the first and second regulating valves and the four solenoid valves;
  • Step 2 opening the first regulating valve, determining the instantaneous flow rate in the exhaust pipe according to the measurement result of the flow meter, so that the flow rate in the exhaust pipe reaches the target flow rate, such as 1 ⁇ 10% L/s;
  • Step 3 using the mode switching module to select an operation mode and an operation mode: (1) the first control switch is used to select an operation mode, and when the first control switch is placed at the wire circuit end, it indicates that the manual control of the particle collection time is performed. When the first control switch is placed on the wire end provided with the time relay, it means that the time relay is used to control the sampling time; (2) the second control switch is used to select the operating mode of the system, and when the second control switch is placed in the first electromagnetic valve On the circuit, control the open state of the first solenoid valve and close the remaining three solenoid valves for secondary particulate matter (ie, particles processed by the first sampling classifier and the second sampling classifier, the particle size is less than 0.3) Acquisition of ⁇ m); when the second control switch is placed on the circuit where the second solenoid valve is placed, the open state of the second solenoid valve is controlled and the remaining three solenoid valves are closed for the collection of the ash component in the secondary particles, by control The unit performs heating control to stabilize the gas temperature at 500
  • the control unit controls the control unit to stabilize the gas temperature at 500 ⁇ 5 degrees Celsius, and the heating unit is rapidly heated by the control unit to achieve the temperature rise within 10 minutes.
  • the present invention provides a plurality of particle collection modes, which can flexibly control the sampling time of the particles, and the manual operation and the time relay in the operation mode can realize the control of the acquisition time; the structure is simple and the operation is convenient.
  • the object of the invention is to sample different levels and components of the particles at the engine level, the integration degree is high, the switching is convenient, the operation is simple, and the collection of components reflecting different levels of the particles can be realized.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of each module of the composite sampling system.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of an engine particulate composite sampling device according to the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the sampling classifier.
  • an engine exhaust particulate composite sampling system is composed of an engine, a main exhaust pipe, a first filter, an exhaust pipe, a mode switching module, a particulate matter classification module, and an ash sampling module. ,among them:
  • the main exhaust pipe inlet end is connected to the outlet end of the engine exhaust pipe, the main exhaust pipe outlet end is connected to the first filter, and the exhaust pipe is arranged on the main exhaust pipe between the engine and the first filter. tube;
  • the exhaust pipe is connected to the particulate matter classification module.
  • the first flow regulating valve, the first sampling classifier, the second sampling classifier, the first electromagnetic valve, and the first sampling device are sequentially disposed on the exhaust pipe.
  • a second sampling device and a first vacuum pump the first vacuum pump is disposed at an end of the exhaust pipe
  • the flow meter is disposed above the first flow regulating valve
  • the first exhaust pipe is disposed at one side of the first sampling classifier
  • a second filter is disposed at an end of the first exhaust pipe
  • a second exhaust pipe of the branch is disposed on one side of the second sampling classifier
  • a fourth electromagnetic device is sequentially disposed on the second exhaust pipe of the branch a valve, a third sampling device, a fourth sampling device and a second vacuum pump, the second vacuum pump being disposed at an end of the second exhaust line of the branch;
  • the first pipeline of the ash sampling module is connected to the second exhaust pipe of the branch, the second pipeline of the ash sampling module is connected with the exhaust pipe; and the second pipeline of the ash sampling module is arranged.
  • There is a second electromagnetic valve; a third electromagnetic valve, a heating device, a heating control unit, a second regulating valve, a fifth sampling device, a sixth sampling device and a third vacuum pump are arranged in sequence on the first line of the ash sampling module, and the heating device is The heating control unit is connected, and the third vacuum pump is disposed at the end of the first pipeline of the ash sampling module;
  • the power source is connected to the two circuit ports through the first control switch, wherein one circuit is provided with a time relay, and the other circuit is a wire circuit; the circuit for setting the time relay and the wire circuit are respectively connected by the second control switch.
  • the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve, the third solenoid valve and the fourth solenoid valve are connected.
  • the flow meter 5 is an integrated thermal gas flow meter for measuring the cumulative flow rate and instantaneous flow rate of the exhaust pipe, and has a digital display and an ultra-high temperature temperature compensation function.
  • the first sampling device 29, the third sampling device 20, and the fifth sampling device 26 select the copper mesh grating as the receiving device, and are disposed on the holder, as a sampling device as a whole, and the receiving surface of the copper mesh microgrid is perpendicular to the gas.
  • the general number is T11012, 200 mesh round hole copper mesh, 100 / box.
  • the second sampling device 30, the fourth sampling device 21, and the sixth sampling device 27 are filter paper sampling devices, which adopt filter paper sampling, that is, the receiving surface of the filter paper is perpendicular to the gas flow direction, and the filter paper---quartz film, the general number is 7202, PALLFLEX TISSUQUARTZ 47mm---The material is quartz, and the diameter is 47mm circular filter paper.
  • the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve, the third solenoid valve and the fourth solenoid valve respectively control the switching states of the respective pipelines to be adjusted under different working states.
  • the engine is started, the heat engine is under idle condition for 30min, and at the maximum power point of the target working condition, the operation is stable, the exhaust gas enters the atmosphere through the filter, and the first and second regulating valves and four solenoid valves are closed at the same time;
  • the regulating valve adjusts the flow control valve to the target flow rate according to the instantaneous flow rate displayed by the exhaust pipe measured by the flow meter, generally 1 L/s, and the target flow rate is a constant value.
  • the operation mode and the work mode are selected in the mode switching module according to the difference in the collection demand of the particulate matter.
  • I denotes a mode switching module, wherein the switch 11 is used to select an operation mode, that is, a control mode for sampling time, when the switch 11 is placed at the end of the circuit 13, it means manually controlling the particle collection time, when the switch 11 is placed at the 12-end, indicating that the time relay 13 is used to control the sampling time; the switch 14 is used to select the operating mode of the system, and the switch 14 can be connected to four solenoid valves, respectively 16, 17, 18, 19: when the switch 14 When placed on the circuit where the solenoid valve 16 is located, 16 is opened, and 17/18/19 is in the closed state, indicating that the secondary particles are collected, the particles processed by the first sampling classifier and the second sampling classifier, and the particle size of the particles.
  • the first-stage particulate matter is collected; when the switch 14 is placed on the circuit where the solenoid valve 18 is located, 18 is opened, 16/17/19 is in a closed state, and the first-stage particulate matter (particle size is between 0.3 and 1 ⁇ m) is heated and controlled by heating means.
  • the unit, the second regulating valve, the fifth sampling device, the sixth sampling device, and the third vacuum pump perform the collection of ash components.
  • II denotes a particle classification module in the system, which enables classification of different particle size levels of the particles.
  • III denotes the ash collection module in the system, which enables the collection of ash components in different grades of particles.
  • the target flow of the exhaust branch pipe is 1 ⁇ 10% L/s, and the micro-gate sampling is performed.
  • the micro-gate sampling lasts for 1-2 s.
  • the copper mesh micro-grid in the holder is taken out and placed in a storage box for subsequent transmission electron microscope detection.
  • Filter paper sampling, sampling time according to engine emission performance, The operating conditions and environmental factors are set. In order to ensure the sample quantity for subsequent testing, it usually takes 1-2 hours. After the sampling is finished, the sampling filter paper is taken out from the capsule and placed in the storage box.
  • the heating control is performed by the control unit to stabilize the gas temperature at 500 ⁇ 5 degrees Celsius, and the heating unit needs to be heated up rapidly by the control unit to achieve the temperature rise within 10 minutes.
  • the gas temperature is stable at 500 ⁇ 5 degrees Celsius, combined with solenoid valve control for ash collection.

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Abstract

一种颗粒物复合采集系统，采样系统中主排气管(2)入口与发动机(1)排气管出口固接，主排气管(2)出口端与滤清器(3)固接；支排气管(4)的入口端固接于主排气管(2)的发动机(1)排气管和滤清器(3)之间，并与主排气管(2)相通。该系统主要由模式切换模块Ⅰ、颗粒物分级模块Ⅱ和灰分采集模块III组成。模式切换模块I中，电源(10)通过第一控制开关(11)与两个电路端口连接，其中一个电路中设置有时间继电器(12)，另一个电路为导线(13)电路；设置时间继电器(12)的电路和导线(13)电路通过第二控制开关(14)分别与第一电磁阀(16)、第二电磁阀(17)、第三电磁阀(18)和第四电磁阀(19)相连接。通过在模式切换模块I对操作模式和工作模式的选择，可以实现对不同粒径级别颗粒物及其所含灰分的采集，并可以对采集时间进行灵活的控制。

Description

一种颗粒物复合采集系统 技术领域
本发明属于内燃机技术领域，具体涉及一种内燃机排气颗粒物复合采样系统。
背景技术
随着汽车产业的快速发展，汽车保有量不断增加，汽车已经成为当前城市大气PM2.5的重要来源。我国环保部发布的2011年《中国机动车污染防治年报》公布了“十一五”期间全国机动车污染排放情况。结果显示，我国已连续两年成为世界汽车产销第一大国，机动车排放的尾气已经成为大气环境污染最突出的问题之一，2011年我国机动车排放的颗粒物质量接近60万吨。颗粒物对大气环境影响的一个重要方面就是导致雾霾天气的产生。颗粒物会对自然环境和人体健康构成严重的危害，在临床病理学研究中发现，大气可吸入颗粒物中的PM10、PM2.5与哮喘、呼吸系统炎症等疾病的发病率以及人类死亡率有着密切的关系。其中纳米颗粒物对人体的危害尤其严重，发动机是大气颗粒物污染的重要来源之一，同时也是纳米颗粒物的主要来源。为了限制机动车的颗粒物排放，降低其对环境的污染和人体的危害，满足越来越严格的排放法规，在内燃机产品设计开发中，关于“内燃机排气颗粒物”是一个重要的研究课题。为了减少颗粒物排放，目前广泛使用的机外处理方法是DPF即颗粒捕集器，而颗粒物的成分尤其是颗粒物中的灰分会影响DPF的寿命，研究颗粒物排放中的灰分成分对优化DPF设计、延长DPF的使用寿命很关键。所以，设计一种行之有效的、可实现颗粒物分级采样以及能分析各级颗粒物中灰分成分的复合采样分析系统十分必要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种颗粒物复合采集系统，用于对发动机排气颗粒物进行复合采集。
本发明的技术目的通过下述技术方案予以实现：
一种颗粒物复合采集系统，由发动机、主排气管、第一滤清器、支排气管、模式切换模块、颗粒物分级模块和灰分采样模块组成，其中：
主排气管入口端与发动机排气管的出口端连接，主排气管出口端与第一滤清器连接，在发动机和第一滤清器之间的主排气管上设置支排气管；
支排气管与颗粒物分级模块相连，在颗粒物分级模块中，支排气管上依次设置第一流量调节阀、第一采样分级器、第二采样分级器、第一电磁阀、第一采样装置、第二采样装置和第一真空泵，第一真空泵设置于支排气管的末端，流量计设置于第一流量调节阀的上方，在第一采样分级器的一侧设置第一排气管路，在第一排气管路的末端设置第二滤清器，在第二采样分级器的一侧设置支路第二排气管路，在支路第二排气管路上依次设置第四电磁阀、第三采样装置、第四采样装置和第二真空泵，第二真空泵设置在支路第二排气管路的末端；
在灰分采样模块中，灰分采样模块第一管路与支路第二排气管管路相连，灰分采样模块第二管路与支排气管管路相连；在灰分采样模块第二管路上设置有第二电磁阀；在灰分采样模块第一管路上依次设置第三电磁阀、加热装置、加热控制单元、第二调节阀、第五采样装置、第六采样装置和第三真空泵，加热装置与加热控制单元相连，第三真空泵设置在灰分采样模块第一管路的末端；
在模式切换模块中，电源通过第一控制开关与两个电路端口连接，其中一个电路中设置有时间继电器，另一个电路为导线电路；设置时间继电器的电路和导线电路通过第二控制开关分别与第一电磁阀、第二电磁阀、第三电磁阀和第四电磁阀相连接。
在上述技术方案中，流量计为一体型热式气体流量计。
在上述技术方案中，第一采样装置、第三采样装置、第五采样装置选择铜网滤栅为接收装置，设置在夹持器上，整体上作为采样装置，微栅采样时间为1-2s。
在上述技术方案中，第二采样装置、第四采样装置、第六采样装置为滤纸采样装置，采用滤纸采样，即将滤纸的接收面垂直于气体流动方向，进行设置，滤纸采样时间为1-2h。
在上述技术方案中，通过控制单元进行加热控制，以使气体温度稳定在500±5摄氏度，通过控制单元以使加热装置快速升温，在10min之内实现升温需要。当气体温度稳定在500±5摄氏度时，打开第二调节阀并结合电磁阀控制进行灰分采集。
在上述技术方案中，第一采样分级器为PM虚拟冲击器，或者惯性冲击器，在采样分级器中切割粒径为1μm，发动机排气经过第一采样分级器，大于1μm的颗粒物进入第一排气管路，小于1μm的颗粒物进入第二采样分级器。
在上述技术方案中，第二采样分级器为PM虚拟冲击器，或者惯性冲击器，在采样分级器中切割粒径为0.3μm，发动机排气经过第二采样分级器，大于0.3μm的颗粒物进入灰分采样模块第一管路(经第四电磁阀、第三采样装置、第四采样装置和第二真空泵进行采样)，小于0.3μm的颗粒物进入支排气管(经过第一电磁阀、第一采样装置、第二采样装置和第一真空泵进行采样)。
一种颗粒物复合采集系统的使用方法，按照下述步骤进行：
步骤1，启动发动机，怠速工况下进行热机，使其稳定在目标工况，同时关闭第一和第二调节阀以及四个电磁阀；
步骤2，打开第一调节阀，根据流量计测量的结果判断支排气管内的瞬时流量，使支排气管内的流量达到目标流量，如1±10％L/s；
步骤3，利用模式切换模块进行操作模式和工作模式的选择：(1)第一控制开关用于选择操作模式，当第一控制开关置于导线电路端时，表示人工手动控制颗粒物采集时间，当第一控制开关置于设置有时间继电器的导线端时，表示使用时间继电器来控制采样时间；(2)第二控制开关用于选择系统的工作模式，当第二控制开关置于第一电磁阀所处的电路上时，控制第一电磁阀的打开状态并关闭其余三个电磁阀进行二级颗粒物(即经过第一采样分级器和第二采样分级器处理后的颗粒物，颗粒物粒径小于0.3μm)的采集；当第二控制开关置于第二电磁阀所处电路上时，控制第二电磁阀的打开状态并关闭其余三个电磁阀进行二级颗粒物中的灰分成分的采集，通过控制单元进行加热控制，以使气体温度稳定在500±5摄氏度，通过控制单元以使加热装置快速升温，在10min之内实现升温需要，当气体温度稳定在500±5摄氏度时，以去除有机物等杂质，保留颗粒物灰分，打开第二调节阀，以进行二级颗粒物中的灰分成分的采集；当第二控制开关置于第三电磁阀所处电路上时，控制第三电磁阀的打开状态并关闭其余三个电磁阀进行一级颗粒物(即经过第一采样分级器和第二采样分级器处理后的颗粒物，颗粒物粒径大于0.3μm小于1μm)中的灰分成分的采集，通过控制单元进行加热控制，以使气体温度稳定在500±5摄氏度，通过控制单元以使加热装置快速升温，在10min之内实现升温需要，当气体温度稳定在500±5摄氏度时，以去除有机物等杂质，保留颗粒物灰分，打开第二调节阀，以进行一级颗粒物中灰分成份的采集；当第二控制开关置于第四电磁阀所处电路上时，控制第四电磁阀的打开状态并关闭其余三个电磁阀进行一级颗粒物的采集。
与现有技术相比，本发明提供多种颗粒物采集模式，可灵活控制颗粒物采样时间，操作模式中的人工操作和时间继电器均可以实现对采集时间的控制；结构简单、操作方便。本发明的目的是对发动机各级颗粒物不同层次及其成分进行采样，集成度高，切换方便，操作简单，可以实现对反映颗粒物不同层次的成分的采集。
附图说明
图1为复合采样系统各模块的示意图。
图2为本发明发动机颗粒物复合采样装置的结构示意图。
图中：I为模式切换模块；II为颗粒物分级模块；III为灰分采样模块；1-发动机；2-主排气管；3-第一滤清器；4-支排气管；5-流量计；6-第一流量调节阀；7-第一采样分级器；8-第一排气管路；9-第二滤清器；10-电源；11-第一控制开关；12-时间继电器；13-导线；14-第二控制开关；15-第二采样分级器；16-第一电磁阀；17-第二电磁阀；18-第三电磁阀；19-第四电磁阀；20-第三采样装置；21-第四采样装置；22-第二真空泵；23-加热装置；24-加热控制单元；25-第二调节阀；26-第五采样装置；27-第六采样装置；28-第三真空泵；29-第一采样装置；30-第二采样装置；31-第一真空泵。
图3为采样分级器工作原理示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图与具体的实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述：
如附图1和2所示，一种发动机排气颗粒物复合采样系统，由发动机、主排气管、第一滤清器、支排气管、模式切换模块、颗粒物分级模块和灰分采样模块组成，其中：
主排气管入口端与发动机排气管的出口端连接，主排气管出口端与第一滤清器连接，在发动机和第一滤清器之间的主排气管上设置支排气管；
支排气管与颗粒物分级模块相连，在颗粒物分级模块中，支排气管上依次设置第一流量调节阀、第一采样分级器、第二采样分级器、第一电磁阀、第一采样装置、第二采样装置和第一真空泵，第一真空泵设置于支排气管的末端，流量计设置于第一流量调节阀的上方，在第一采样分级器的一侧设置第一排气管路，在第一排气管路的末端设置第二滤清器，在第二采样分级器的一侧设置支路第二排气管路，在支路第二排气管路上依次设置第四电磁阀、第三采样装置、第四采样装置和第二真空泵，第二真空泵设置在支路第二排气管路的末端；
在灰分采样模块中，灰分采样模块第一管路与支路第二排气管管路相连，灰分采样模块第二管路与支排气管管路相连；在灰分采样模块第二管路上设置有第二电磁阀；在灰分采样模块第一管路上依次设置第三电磁阀、加热装置、加热控制单元、第二调节阀、第五采样装置、第六采样装置和第三真空泵，加热装置与加热控制单元相连，第三真空泵设置在灰分采样模块第一管路的末端；
在模式切换模块中，电源通过第一控制开关与两个电路端口连接，其中一个电路中设置有时间继电器，另一个电路为导线电路；设置时间继电器的电路和导线电路通过第二控制开关分别与第一电磁阀、第二电磁阀、第三电磁阀和第四电磁阀相连接。
流量计5为一体型热式气体流量计，用于测量支排气管的累计流量和瞬时流量，并带有数显和超高温温度补偿功能。
第一采样装置29、第三采样装置20、第五采样装置26选择铜网滤栅为接收装置，设置在夹持器上，整体上作为采样装置，且铜网微栅的接收面垂直于气体流动方向，通用编号是T11012，200目圆孔铜网，100个/盒。
第二采样装置30、第四采样装置21、第六采样装置27为滤纸采样装置，采用滤纸采样，即将滤纸的接收面垂直于气体流动方向，进行设置；滤纸---石英膜，通用编号是7202，PALLFLEX TISSUQUARTZ 47mm---材质是石英，直径为47mm的圆形滤纸。
第一电磁阀、第二电磁阀、第三电磁阀和第四电磁阀分别控制各自所在管路的开关状态，以在不同工作状态下进行调整。
发动机启动，怠速工况下热机30min，并在目标工况最大功率点，稳定运转，排气经滤清器进入大气中，同时关闭第一和第二调节阀以及四个电磁阀；打开第一调节阀，根据流量计测量的支排气管显示的瞬时流量，调节流量控制阀到目标流量，一般为1L/s，目标流量为恒定值。瞬时流量达到目标流量时，根据颗粒物采集需求的不同，在模式切换模块选择操作模式和工作模式。
结合图1和图2，I表示模式切换模块，其中开关11用于选择操作模式，即对采样时间的控制方式，当开关11置于电路13端时，表示人工手动控制颗粒物采集时间，当开关11置于12端时，表示使用时间继电器13来控制采样时间；开关14用于选择系统的工作模式，开关14可以连接到四个电磁阀，分别是16,17,18,19：当开关14置于电磁阀16所处的电路上时，16打开，17/18/19处于关闭状态，表示采集二级颗粒物，经过第一采样分级器和第二采样分级器处理后的颗粒物，颗粒物粒径小于0.3μm；当开关置于电磁阀17所在的电路上时，17打开，16/18/19处于关闭状态，经过第一采样分级器和第二采样分级器处理后的颗粒物经过加热装置、加热控制单元、第二调节阀、第五采样装置、第六采样装置和第三真空泵进行二级颗粒物中灰分成份的采集；当开关14置于电磁阀19在的电路上时，19打开，16/17/18处于关闭状态，经过第一采样分级器和第二采样分级器处理后的颗粒物，颗粒物粒径在0.3—1μm之间，经第三采样装置和第四采样装置进行一级颗粒物的采集；当开关14置于电磁阀18所在的电路上，18打开，16/17/19处于关闭状态，一级颗粒物(粒径在0.3—1μm之间)经加热装置、加热控制单元、第二调节阀、第五采样装置、第六采样装置和第三真空泵进行灰分成份的采集。II表示系统中的颗粒物分级模块，能够实现对颗粒物不同粒径等级的分级。III表示系统中的灰分采集模块，能够实现对不同等级颗粒物中灰分成分的采集。
安装铜网微栅至夹持器中，作为采集装置并进入相应位置，排气支管的目标流量为1±10％L/s，进行微栅采样。微栅采样持续1-2s，采样结束后，取出夹持器中的铜网微栅，放入储存盒内，以备后续透射电镜检测。进行滤纸采样，采样时间根据发动机排放性能、 运转工况和环境因素进行设定，为了保证样品数量以便于后续检测，通常需要1-2小时，采样结束后，从膜盒中取出采样滤纸，放入储存盒内。通过控制单元进行加热控制，以使气体温度稳定在500±5摄氏度，通过控制单元以使加热装置快速升温，在10min之内实现升温需要。当气体温度稳定在500±5摄氏度时，并结合电磁阀控制进行灰分采集。
以上对本发明做了示例性的描述，应该说明的是，在不脱离本发明的核心的情况下，任何简单的变形、修改或者其他本领域技术人员能够不花费创造性劳动的等同替换均落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种颗粒物复合采集系统，其特征在于，由发动机、主排气管、第一滤清器、支排气管、模式切换模块、颗粒物分级模块和灰分采样模块组成，其中：主排气管入口端与发动机排气管的出口端连接，主排气管出口端与第一滤清器连接，在发动机和第一滤清器之间的主排气管上设置支排气管；
    支排气管与颗粒物分级模块相连，在颗粒物分级模块中，支排气管上依次设置第一流量调节阀、第一采样分级器、第二采样分级器、第一电磁阀、第一采样装置、第二采样装置和第一真空泵，第一真空泵设置于支排气管的末端，流量计设置于第一流量调节阀的上方，在第一采样分级器的一侧设置第一排气管路，在第一排气管路的末端设置第二滤清器，在第二采样分级器的一侧设置支路第二排气管路，在支路第二排气管路上依次设置第四电磁阀、第三采样装置、第四采样装置和第二真空泵，第二真空泵设置在支路第二排气管路的末端；
    在灰分采样模块中，灰分采样模块第一管路与支路第二排气管管路相连，灰分采样模块第二管路与支排气管管路相连；在灰分采样模块第二管路上设置有第二电磁阀；在灰分采样模块第一管路上依次设置第三电磁阀、加热装置、加热控制单元、第二调节阀、第五采样装置、第六采样装置和第三真空泵，加热装置与加热控制单元相连，第三真空泵设置在灰分采样模块第一管路的末端；
    在模式切换模块中，电源通过第一控制开关与两个电路端口连接，其中一个电路中设置有时间继电器，另一个电路为导线电路；设置时间继电器的电路和导线电路通过第二控制开关分别与第一电磁阀、第二电磁阀、第三电磁阀和第四电磁阀相连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种颗粒物复合采集系统，其特征在于，流量计为一体型热式气体流量计。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种颗粒物复合采集系统，其特征在于，第一采样装置、第三采样装置、第五采样装置选择铜网滤栅为接收装置，设置在夹持器上，整体上作为采样装置。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种颗粒物复合采集系统，其特征在于，第二采样装置、第四采样装置、第六采样装置为滤纸采样装置，采用滤纸采样，即将滤纸的接收面垂直于气体流动方向，进行设置。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种颗粒物复合采集系统，其特征在于，第一采样分级器为PM虚拟冲击器，或者惯性冲击器，在采样分级器中切割粒径为1μm，发动机排气经过第一采样分级器，大于1μm的颗粒物进入第一排气管路，小于1μm的颗粒物进入第二采样分级器。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种颗粒物复合采集系统，其特征在于，第二采样分级器为PM虚拟冲击器，或者惯性冲击器，在采样分级器中切割粒径为0.3μm，发动机排气经过第二采样分级器，大于0.3μm的颗粒物进入灰分采样模块第一管路，经第四电磁阀、第三采样装置、第四采样装置和第二真空泵进行采样，小于0.3μm的颗粒物进入支排气管，经过第一电磁阀、第一采样装置、第二采样装置和第一真空泵进行采样。
  7. 一种颗粒物复合采集系统的使用方法，其特征在于，按照下述步骤进行：
    步骤1，启动发动机，怠速工况下进行热机，使其稳定在目标工况，同时关闭第一和第二调节阀以及四个电磁阀；
    步骤2，打开第一调节阀，根据流量计测量的结果判断支排气管内的瞬时流量，使支排气管内的流量达到目标流量；
    步骤3，利用模式切换模块进行操作模式和工作模式的选择：(1)第一控制开关用于选择操作模式，当第一控制开关置于导线电路端时，表示人工手动控制颗粒物采集时间，当第一控制开关置于设置有时间继电器的导线端时，表示使用时间继电器来控制采样时间；(2)第二控制开关用于选择系统的工作模式，当第二控制开关置于第一电磁阀所处的电路上时，控制第一电磁阀的打开状态并关闭其余三个电磁阀进行二级颗粒物，即经过第一采样分级器和第二采样分级器处理后的颗粒物，颗粒物粒径小于0.3μm的采集；当第二控制开关置于第二电磁阀所处电路上时，控制第二电磁阀的打开状态并关闭其余三个电磁阀进行二级颗粒物中的灰分成分的采集；当第二控制开关置于第三电磁阀所处电路上时，控制第三电磁阀的打开状态并关闭其余三个电磁阀进行一级颗粒物，即经过第一采样分级器和第二采样分级器处理后的颗粒物，颗粒物粒径大于0.3μm小于1μm中的灰分成分的采集；当第二控制开关置于第四电磁阀所处电路上时，控制第四电磁阀的打开状态并关闭其余三个电磁阀进行一级颗粒物的采集。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种颗粒物复合采集系统的使用方法，其特征在于，在步骤2中，目标流量为1±10％L/s。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的一种颗粒物复合采集系统的使用方法，其特征在于，第一采样装置、第三采样装置、第五采样装置选择铜网滤栅为接收装置，采样时间为1-2s；第二采样装置、第四采样装置、第六采样装置为滤纸采样装置，采样时间为1-2h。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的一种颗粒物复合采集系统的使用方法，其特征在于，通过控制单元进行加热控制，以使气体温度稳定在500±5摄氏度，通过控制单元以使加热装置快速升温，在10min之内实现升温需要，当气体温度稳定在500±5摄氏度时，打开第二调节阀并结合电磁阀控制进行灰分采集。
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