WO2018130217A1 - Bearing status online monitoring system and method based on optical fiber vibration sensing - Google Patents

Bearing status online monitoring system and method based on optical fiber vibration sensing Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018130217A1
WO2018130217A1 PCT/CN2018/072604 CN2018072604W WO2018130217A1 WO 2018130217 A1 WO2018130217 A1 WO 2018130217A1 CN 2018072604 W CN2018072604 W CN 2018072604W WO 2018130217 A1 WO2018130217 A1 WO 2018130217A1
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bearing
vibration sensing
vibration
monitoring system
sensing
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PCT/CN2018/072604
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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关冉
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舍弗勒技术股份两合公司
关冉
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Publication of WO2018130217A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018130217A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/04—Bearings

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  • the invention belongs to the field of bearing state online monitoring technology, in particular to an intelligent bearing state online monitoring system and method based on optical fiber vibration sensing, which can realize state monitoring of a large number of bearings at low cost.
  • the on-line monitoring system for bearing status based on temperature sensing can detect abnormal conditions by monitoring changes in bearing operating temperature, because when the bearing fails, its wear is sharply accelerated and the operating temperature is increased accordingly.
  • the on-line monitoring system based on vibration sensing can not only detect abnormal conditions but also effectively determine the type of failure.
  • Pattern recognition of bearing fault types can be achieved by comparing the feature vectors extracted from the vibration signals with the failure mode database.
  • Fiber optic sensing technology provides a new vibration detection solution. Under the effect of Rayleigh effect, due to the random fluctuation of the spatial distribution of atoms or molecules inside the fiber, the laser light transmitted in the fiber will produce backward scattered light. When there is vibration in the environment, the vibration causes stress and strain on the fiber, causing the scattered light signal transmitted backward to change accordingly. Therefore, the entire fiber can transmit both laser and vibration sensors. This advantage of fiber optic sensing technology makes it ideal for monitoring multiple bearings simultaneously.
  • each bearing requires at least one temperature sensing unit including a sensing portion, a power supply portion, and a communication portion, and the number of system monitoring bearings is limited by the circuit signal processing capability. So if you want to monitor multiple bearings, you need multiple sets of online monitoring systems, which are costly and waste resources. In addition, the temperature sensing based technical solution can not determine the specific failure type.
  • the existing accelerometer-based vibration sensing technology solution also has the problem that each bearing requires at least one vibration sensing unit and the number of bearing monitoring is limited by the circuit signal processing capability.
  • the invention is based on the fact that most of the bearing failures are mainly fatigue failures, and therefore the bearing condition monitoring system provides a low-speed update data of monitoring data, thereby providing a plurality of bearings that can be simultaneously monitored.
  • the invention may be employed, but is not limited to the following.
  • An on-line monitoring system for bearing status based on optical fiber vibration sensing comprises a laser generating device, a circulator, an optical scanning device, a plurality of vibration sensing optical cables, a photodetector, and a signal acquisition and processing module.
  • the laser generating device is for emitting a pulsed laser
  • Pulsed laser light generated by the laser generating device enters the optical scanning device through the circulator,
  • the optical scanning device is configured to time-divisionally input the pulsed laser to the plurality of vibration sensing optical cables.
  • Each of the plurality of vibration sensing cables is for sensing vibration of one or more bearings, and scattered light with bearing vibration information transmitted from the plurality of vibration sensing cables a signal enters the photodetector via the optical scanning device and the circulator,
  • the photodetector is configured to convert the scattered light signal into an electrical signal, and transmit the electrical signal to the signal acquisition and processing module.
  • the signal acquisition and processing module is configured to process the electrical signal transmitted from the photodetector, and determine an operating state of the bearing from the electrical signal.
  • the laser generating device comprises a laser and a pulse modulator, the laser light generated by the laser being modulated by the pulse modulator and passing through the circulator to the optical scanning device.
  • an end of the plurality of vibration sensing cables remote from the optical scanning device is connected with an attenuator for attenuating the pulsed laser light transmitted in the vibration sensing optical cable.
  • an attenuator for attenuating the pulsed laser light transmitted in the vibration sensing optical cable.
  • the monitoring system further includes a bearing failure mode database, and the signal acquisition and processing module compares the obtained electrical signal with the data in the bearing failure mode database to determine the working state of the bearing and/or Type of failure.
  • the optical scanning device comprises a mirror, a motor and a plurality of laser couplers, a pulsed laser light from the circulator is incident on the mirror, the motor moving the mirror to rotate the pulsed laser Reflecting into a selected one of the plurality of laser couplers, the plurality of laser couplers being respectively coupled to the plurality of vibration sensing optical cables to cause the pulsed laser light to be incident on a corresponding vibration transmission In the photosensitive cable.
  • the optical scanning device comprises two parallel mirrors and a fixed plate, the two parallel mirrors are mounted on the fixed plate, and the fixed plate is mounted on a main shaft of the motor, the two The end faces of the parallel mirrors are not in the same plane, and the centers of symmetry of the two parallel mirrors are on the spindle axis of the motor.
  • the vibration sensing cable comprises a core suspended sensing portion and a solid transmitting portion, wherein the transmitting portion and the sensing portion are alternately arranged in a length direction of the vibration sensing cable,
  • the sensing portion is for mounting to a bearing to sense vibration of the bearing, and the transmitting portion is for transmitting the pulsed laser light and the scattered light.
  • the sensing portion of the vibration sensing cable is wound in a circumferential groove of the flange of the end cap of the shaft end, the transmission portion of the vibration sensing cable is fixed, and the end cover of the bearing is The flange abuts against the outer ring of the bearing to receive the vibration of the bearing.
  • the portion of the monitoring system that is outside the vibration sensing cable is placed intermediate the plurality of bearings that need to be monitored.
  • An on-line monitoring method for bearing status based on fiber vibration sensing comprising the following steps:
  • the pulsed laser is time-divisionally input into a plurality of vibration-sensing optical cables, wherein each of the vibration-sensing optical cables is connected to one or more bearings to sense vibration of the bearing;
  • the scattered light signal with bearing vibration information transmitted from the plurality of vibration sensing optical cables is converted into an electrical signal, and the electrical signal is processed, and the operating state of the bearing is determined by the electrical signal.
  • This monitoring method can be implemented using the monitoring system according to the invention.
  • the optical scanning device is configured to time-divisionally input the pulsed laser light from the laser generating device to the plurality of vibration sensing optical cables. Therefore, a plurality of vibration sensing cables are formed in a parallel relationship.
  • the length of each vibration sensing cable can be shortened without reducing the number of bearings that can be monitored in total. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the power of the laser light transmitted in the vibration sensing cable or to obtain a better sensitivity under the condition of a lower laser power.
  • a low power laser can be used and/or the optical power amplifier can be omitted, thereby reducing the cost of the monitoring system.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a bearing state online monitoring system based on optical fiber vibration sensing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an optical scanning device in the monitoring system of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the optical scanning device of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic axial cross-sectional view of a vibration sensing cable in the monitoring system of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing an installation manner of a vibration sensing optical cable installed in a bearing in the monitoring system of FIG. 1.
  • an optical fiber vibration sensing based bearing state on-line monitoring system (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as "monitoring system") according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a laser 1, a pulse modulator 2, a circulator 3, and an optical scanning device. 4. Vibration sensing cable 5, attenuator 7, photodetector 8, signal acquisition and processing module 9 and power module 10.
  • the circulator 3 and the optical scanning device 4 enter a vibration sensing optical cable 5 of the plurality of (n) vibration sensing optical cables 5 to detect a plurality of m) vibration of the bearing 6 under working conditions.
  • the vibration of the bearing 6 causes a change in the fiber stress in the vibration sensing cable 5, causing a corresponding change in the Rayleigh scattered light signal.
  • the Rayleigh scattered light signal with the bearing vibration information is received backward by the optical scanning device 4 and the circulator 3 after passing through the optical scanning device 4 and the circulator 3, and is converted into an electrical signal and then collected by the signal.
  • processing module 9 processing.
  • the forwardly transmitted laser eventually enters the attenuator 7 and is attenuated.
  • the vibration signal of each bearing can be distinguished by the time of receiving the signal.
  • the Rayleigh scattered electrical signal is processed and compared with the bearing failure database to determine the working state of the bearing 6.
  • the optical scanning device 4 is controlled to turn on the circulator 3 and the vibration sensing cables 5 of different branches, thereby achieving state monitoring of a large number of bearings.
  • the signal acquisition and processing module 9 can include an AD converter and a microprocessor.
  • the signal acquisition and processing module 9 can be connected to the pulse modulator 2 to control the modulation mode of the pulse modulator 2.
  • the laser 1 and the pulse modulator 2 in the present application can be replaced by a laser that emits a pulsed laser, in the combination of the laser 1 and the pulse modulator 2 of the present invention, it is possible to use continuous light and thus cheaper.
  • the laser 1 and the control of the pulse modulator 2 by the signal acquisition and processing module 9 can produce pulsed lasers of different modulation modes. It should be understood that the laser 1 and the pulse modulator 2 in the present application may also be referred to together as a laser generating device for emitting a pulsed laser.
  • the circulator 3 is for transmitting the pulsed laser light from the pulse modulator 2 to the optical scanning device 4 and for transmitting the scattered light signal from the optical scanning device 4 to the photodetector 8.
  • a circulator is a non-reversible device having several terminals.
  • the circulator 3 has at least three ends. For example, the pulsed laser light from the pulse modulator 2 enters the circulator 3 from the terminal 1 and is output from the terminal 2 to the optical scanning device 4; the scattered optical signal from the optical scanning device 4 enters the circulator 3 from the terminal 2, and outputs the output from the terminal 3 to Photodetector 8.
  • the signal acquisition and processing module 9 is also connected to the optical scanning device 4 to control the optical scanning device 4 to connect the circulator 3 and the vibration sensing optical cables 5 of different branches, and the signal collecting and processing module 9 can also control the optical scanning device 4 to ring.
  • the holding time of the device 3 in communication with a vibration sensing cable 5 is to monitor the duration of the connection of the vibration sensing cable 5 to the bearing 6.
  • the hold time or duration may be determined based on the number of bearings 6 to which the vibration sensing cable 5 is connected and/or the length of the vibration sensing cable 5.
  • the power module 10 supplies power to components requiring power such as the laser 1, the pulse modulator 2, the optical scanning device 4, the photodetector 8, and the signal acquisition and processing module 9.
  • a plurality of (n) vibration sensing cables 5 are connected in parallel to the optical scanning device 4, and an attenuator 7 is connected to the end of each of the vibration sensing cables 5 (the front end in the laser advancing direction).
  • the attenuator 7 can attenuate the advancing laser light to prevent or reduce the reflected laser light from being formed into a noise that scatters the light signal.
  • Each vibration sensing cable 5 can be connected to a plurality of (m) bearings.
  • the monitoring system of the present invention can monitor the status of m x n bearings.
  • the number of bearings 6 connected (monitored) by each of the vibration sensing cables 5 may also be different.
  • the optical scanning device 4 includes two plane mirrors 401A and 401B, a fixed plate 402, a motor 403, and a plurality of (greater than or equal to n) laser couplers 404A, 404B, 404C, .
  • the reflecting faces of the two plane mirrors 401A and 401B are arranged in parallel with each other opposite to each other.
  • the reflecting faces of the two plane mirrors 401A and 401B are opposed to each other.
  • the end faces of the two plane mirrors 401A and 401B are not in the same plane.
  • Two plane mirrors 401A and 401B are mounted on the fixed plate 402 with their centers of symmetry coincident with the center of the fixed plate 402.
  • the fixed plate 402 is mounted on the main shaft of the motor 403, and the spindle axis of the motor 403 coincides with the axis of the fixed plate and passes through the center of symmetry of the two plane mirrors 401A and 401B.
  • the laser couplers 404A, 404B, 404C, ... are respectively connected to one vibration sensing optical cable 5.
  • the laser light from the circulator 3 (incident laser 101) is incident in a fixed direction, and the outgoing laser light 102 reflected by the two planar mirrors 401A and 401B is parallel to the incident laser light 101, and The laser coupler 404A and the vibration sensing cable 5 connected thereto are entered.
  • the motor 403 drives the plane mirrors 401A and 401B to rotate about their symmetry centers 405, that is, when the plane mirrors are rotated from the positions 401A and 401B shown by the solid lines to the positions 401A' and 401B' shown by the broken lines, the laser light 102' is emitted.
  • the lasers in the free space can be coupled into the vibration sensing cable 5 in a plurality of couplers 404A, 404B, 404C, ... arranged perpendicular to the plane from which the laser exits.
  • the optical scanning device 4 is in the form of one input and multiple parallel outputs, and the number of output channels can range from 4 to 64.
  • the optical scanning device 4 is configured to time-divisionally input the incident laser light 101 from the circulator 3 to the plurality of vibration sensing optical cables 5.
  • the optical scanning device 4 may be configured to sequentially input the incident laser light 101 from the circulator 3 to the plurality of vibration sensing optical cables 5 (the plurality of laser couplers 404A, 404B, 404C, ).
  • the optical scanning device 4 can also selectively input the incident laser light 101 from the circulator 3 to the specific vibration sensing optical cable 5 in accordance with the control of the signal acquisition and processing module 9.
  • the above-mentioned "input of the incident laser light 101 into the plurality of vibration sensing optical cables 5" merely means that laser light is input to only one vibration sensing optical cable 5 at the same time, and different vibration sensing optical cables 5 can be driven at different times. Enter the laser. This does not mean that the laser light must be input to all of the vibration-sensing optical cables 5 sequentially or cyclically, nor does it mean that the time for inputting laser light to the plurality of vibration-sensing optical cables 5 must be equal to each other. It is also possible not to input laser light to any of the vibration sensing optical cables 5 at a certain time point or time period.
  • the mode of operation of the optical scanning device 4 can be appropriately controlled by the signal acquisition and processing module 9.
  • the structure of the optical scanning device of the present invention is not limited to the above structure.
  • the number of mirrors can also be one or more.
  • the number of motors can also be one or more.
  • the motor can rotate or move one or more mirrors, and the motor can also rotate or move a portion of the plurality of mirrors.
  • the motor can also move multiple laser couplers simultaneously or move a selected one of the laser couplers to a position that receives the incident laser light.
  • the two mirrors are not necessarily arranged in parallel.
  • the vibration sensing optical cable 5 is divided into two different structural parts according to different functions, and the transmitting part 501 is a solid structure in which a core (also referred to as a bare fiber) 503 is wrapped by a protective cover 504 and a cladding 505.
  • the sensing portion 502 is of a hollow structure, that is, the core 503 is suspended in the protective sleeve 504, and there is no cladding 505 between the protective sleeve 504 and the core 503.
  • the transmitting portion 501 and the sensing portion 502 are alternately arranged.
  • the sensing portion 502 is for mounting to a bearing to sense the vibration of the bearing.
  • the transmitting portion 501 is for transmitting laser light and scattered light traveling in the reverse direction.
  • the sensing portion 502 is more suitable for sensing vibration than the transmitting portion 501.
  • laser and scattered light can also be transmitted in the sensing portion 502.
  • the mounting of the sensing portion 502 to the bearing covers the sensing portion 502 to the inner or outer ring of the bearing, but this is not readily achievable in many cases.
  • the mounting of the sensing portion 502 to the bearing also encompasses the sensing member 502 being mounted to other components that contact the bearing to receive the vibration of the bearing (such as the end cap of the bearing mentioned below).
  • the vibration sensing cable 5 can be mounted to the end cap 601 of the bearing 6.
  • the end cap 601 includes an annular plate 602 and a flange 603 that protrudes from the inner circumference of the annular plate 602 toward the axial side.
  • a circumferential groove 604 is provided on the flange 603.
  • the sensing portion 502 of the vibration sensing cable 5 is free to wrap around the circumferential groove 604 of the flange 603 of the end cap 601.
  • the non-vibration sensing transmission portion 501 of the vibration sensing cable 5 is fixed.
  • the flange 603 abuts against the outer ring of the bearing 6 to receive vibration of the bearing.
  • the annular plate 602 can be received in a bearing housing.
  • the optical fiber vibration sensing based bearing state on-line monitoring system of the present invention is placed at a substantially intermediate or central position of a plurality of bearings to be monitored except for the vibration sensing optical cable 5, thereby increasing the number of monitoring bearings.
  • the fiber state vibration sensing based bearing condition online monitoring system of the present invention may further comprise a bearing failure mode database (eg, a voiceprint database).
  • a bearing failure mode database eg, a voiceprint database
  • the signal acquisition and processing module 9 can compare the resulting scattered light signal to the data in the bearing failure mode database to determine the operating state and/or failure type of the bearing.
  • the monitoring system of the present invention can be referred to as a "smart" bearing status online monitoring system.
  • the present invention provides a vibration by improving the fiber through a specially designed vibration sensing optical cable and its mounting method, a layout of functional devices, and an optical scanning device.
  • the technical solution can greatly reduce the system cost and improve the feasibility of the bearing online monitoring system for large-scale application on high-speed trains, wind turbines and multiple machine tools.
  • the invention also provides an on-line monitoring method for bearing state based on optical fiber vibration sensing based on the above monitoring system.

Abstract

A bearing status online monitoring system based on optical fiber vibration sensing, comprising: a laser generating device (1) for emitting a pulsed laser to a circulator (3); an optical scanning device (4) for time-divisionally inputting the pulsed laser coming from the circulator (3) into a plurality of vibration sensing optical cables (5), each vibration sensing optical cable (5) of the plurality of vibration sensing optical cables (5) being used for sensing the vibration of one or more bearings; scattered light signals which are transmitted from the plurality of vibration sensing optical cables (5) and carry bearing vibration information being inputted into a photodetector (8) via the optical scanning device (4) and the circulator (3), the photodetector (8) converting the scattered light signals into electric signals and transmitting the electric signals into a signal acquiring and processing module (9), the signal acquiring and processing module (9) being used for processing the electric signals and determining, according to the electric signals, the operating status of the bearings. The plurality of vibration sensing optical cables (5) is formed in parallel. The invention can reduce the length of each vibration sensing optical cable, improve the sensitivity of the monitoring system, and reduce the cost of the monitoring system. Further provided is a bearing status online monitoring method based on optical fiber vibration sensing.

Description

基于光纤振动传感的轴承状态在线监测系统及方法Bearing state online monitoring system and method based on optical fiber vibration sensing
本申请要求申请日为2017年1月16日，申请号为201710032443.2，发明名称为“基于光纤振动传感的轴承状态在线监测系统及方法”的中国发明专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合于此。The present application claims priority on January 16, 2017, application number: 201710032443.2, the invention titled "on-line monitoring system and method for bearing state based on optical fiber vibration sensing", the entire contents of the application This is incorporated herein by reference.
技术领域Technical field
本发明属于轴承状态在线监测技术领域，具体是一种基于光纤振动传感的智能轴承状态在线监测系统及方法，该系统及方法可以以低成本实现大量轴承的状态监测。The invention belongs to the field of bearing state online monitoring technology, in particular to an intelligent bearing state online monitoring system and method based on optical fiber vibration sensing, which can realize state monitoring of a large number of bearings at low cost.
背景技术Background technique
基于温度传感的轴承状态在线监测系统可通过监测轴承工作温度变化来探测异常状况，因为当轴承故障时，其磨损急剧加快，工作温度也会相应升高。The on-line monitoring system for bearing status based on temperature sensing can detect abnormal conditions by monitoring changes in bearing operating temperature, because when the bearing fails, its wear is sharply accelerated and the operating temperature is increased accordingly.
得益于加速度计等振动传感器检测到的振动信号的幅频特性，基于振动传感的轴承状态在线监测系统不仅可以探测异常状况而且可以有效地判断失效类型。通过将从振动信号中提取到的特征向量同失效模式数据库比对可实现轴承故障类型的模式识别。Thanks to the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the vibration signals detected by vibration sensors such as accelerometers, the on-line monitoring system based on vibration sensing can not only detect abnormal conditions but also effectively determine the type of failure. Pattern recognition of bearing fault types can be achieved by comparing the feature vectors extracted from the vibration signals with the failure mode database.
光纤传感技术提供了一种新的振动探测解决方案。在瑞利效应作用下，由于光纤内部原子或分子的空间分布随机性起伏，光纤中传输的激光会产生向后的散射光。当环境中存在振动时，振动会引起光纤产生应力应变，导致向后传输的散射光信号相应地发生变化。因此整根光纤既能传输激光又能作为振动传感器。光纤传感技术的这种优点使其非常适合同时监测多个轴承。Fiber optic sensing technology provides a new vibration detection solution. Under the effect of Rayleigh effect, due to the random fluctuation of the spatial distribution of atoms or molecules inside the fiber, the laser light transmitted in the fiber will produce backward scattered light. When there is vibration in the environment, the vibration causes stress and strain on the fiber, causing the scattered light signal transmitted backward to change accordingly. Therefore, the entire fiber can transmit both laser and vibration sensors. This advantage of fiber optic sensing technology makes it ideal for monitoring multiple bearings simultaneously.
现有的基于温度传感的技术方案，每个轴承需要至少一个包含传感部分、电源部分和通信部分的温度传感单元，而且系统监测轴承的数量受电路 信号处理能力的限制。所以如果要监测多个轴承的话就需要多套在线监测系统，成本很高且浪费资源。此外，基于温度传感的技术方案也不能判断具体失效类型。In the existing temperature sensing based solution, each bearing requires at least one temperature sensing unit including a sensing portion, a power supply portion, and a communication portion, and the number of system monitoring bearings is limited by the circuit signal processing capability. So if you want to monitor multiple bearings, you need multiple sets of online monitoring systems, which are costly and waste resources. In addition, the temperature sensing based technical solution can not determine the specific failure type.
现有的基于加速度计的振动传感技术方案，同样存在每个轴承至少需要一套振动传感单元和轴承监测数量受电路信号处理能力限制的问题。The existing accelerometer-based vibration sensing technology solution also has the problem that each bearing requires at least one vibration sensing unit and the number of bearing monitoring is limited by the circuit signal processing capability.
虽然光纤振动传感技术可以以通过一根光纤监测多个轴承的方式解决基于温度传感和加速度计传感技术方案中资源浪费的问题，但是其成本依然很高。很容易理解的是，监测轴承的数量越多就意味着振动传感光纤越长。而因为瑞利散射光信号的强度同激光的功率正相关，所以长的振动传感光纤就需要大功率的激光。同时，激光在光纤传输过程中还会发生损耗。目前通过使用大功率的激光器和光功率放大器来提高探测距离的方案大大增加了系统成本。Although fiber-optic vibration sensing technology can solve the problem of resource waste in temperature sensing and accelerometer sensing technology solutions by monitoring multiple bearings through one fiber, the cost is still high. It is easy to understand that the more the number of bearings is monitored, the longer the vibration sensing fiber is. Since the intensity of the Rayleigh scattered light signal is positively correlated with the power of the laser, a long vibration sensing fiber requires a high power laser. At the same time, the laser will also wear out during fiber transmission. The current scheme of increasing the detection range by using a high-power laser and an optical power amplifier greatly increases the system cost.
发明内容Summary of the invention
鉴于上述现有技术的缺点，本发明基于多数轴承失效的原因主要为疲劳失效，因此轴承状态监测系统对监测数据的更新速度要求不高这一认知而提供一种可以同时监测多个轴承的状态的低成本的基于光纤振动传感的轴承状态在线监测系统及方法。In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the invention is based on the fact that most of the bearing failures are mainly fatigue failures, and therefore the bearing condition monitoring system provides a low-speed update data of monitoring data, thereby providing a plurality of bearings that can be simultaneously monitored. State of the art low cost fiber optic vibration sensing based bearing condition online monitoring system and method.
本发明可以采用、但不限于下述方案。The invention may be employed, but is not limited to the following.
一种基于光纤振动传感的轴承状态在线监测系统，该监测系统包括激光产生装置、环行器、光扫描装置、多根振动传感光缆、光电探测器和信号采集及处理模块，An on-line monitoring system for bearing status based on optical fiber vibration sensing, the monitoring system comprises a laser generating device, a circulator, an optical scanning device, a plurality of vibration sensing optical cables, a photodetector, and a signal acquisition and processing module.
所述激光产生装置用于发出脉冲激光，The laser generating device is for emitting a pulsed laser,
由所述激光产生装置产生的脉冲激光通过所述环行器进入到所述光扫描装置，Pulsed laser light generated by the laser generating device enters the optical scanning device through the circulator,
所述光扫描装置用于将所述脉冲激光时分地输入到所述多根振动传感 光缆，The optical scanning device is configured to time-divisionally input the pulsed laser to the plurality of vibration sensing optical cables.
所述多根振动传感光缆中的每根振动传感光缆均用于感测一个或多个轴承的振动，从所述多根振动传感光缆传输来的、带有轴承振动信息的散射光信号经由所述光扫描装置和所述环行器进入所述光电探测器，Each of the plurality of vibration sensing cables is for sensing vibration of one or more bearings, and scattered light with bearing vibration information transmitted from the plurality of vibration sensing cables a signal enters the photodetector via the optical scanning device and the circulator,
所述光电探测器用于将所述散射光信号转换为电信号，并将该电信号传输给所述信号采集及处理模块，The photodetector is configured to convert the scattered light signal into an electrical signal, and transmit the electrical signal to the signal acquisition and processing module.
所述信号采集及处理模块用于对从所述光电探测器传输来的所述电信号进行处理，并由该电信号确定轴承的工作状态。The signal acquisition and processing module is configured to process the electrical signal transmitted from the photodetector, and determine an operating state of the bearing from the electrical signal.
优选地，所述激光产生装置包括激光器和脉冲调制器，由所述激光器产生的激光被所述脉冲调制器调制后通过所述环行器进入到所述光扫描装置。Preferably, the laser generating device comprises a laser and a pulse modulator, the laser light generated by the laser being modulated by the pulse modulator and passing through the circulator to the optical scanning device.
优选地，所述多根振动传感光缆的远离所述光扫描装置的末端均连接有衰减器，所述衰减器用于使在所述振动传感光缆中传输的脉冲激光衰减。这样，可以避免传输至振动传感光缆的末端的激光产生向后(朝向光扫描装置)的反射光，提高散射光信号的检测精度。Preferably, an end of the plurality of vibration sensing cables remote from the optical scanning device is connected with an attenuator for attenuating the pulsed laser light transmitted in the vibration sensing optical cable. In this way, it is possible to prevent the laser light transmitted to the end of the vibration sensing cable from generating reflected light backward (toward the optical scanning device), thereby improving the detection accuracy of the scattered light signal.
优选地，所述监测系统还包括轴承故障模式数据库，所述信号采集及处理模块将其得到的电信号与所述轴承故障模式数据库中的数据进行比对，以确定轴承的工作状态和/或失效类型。Preferably, the monitoring system further includes a bearing failure mode database, and the signal acquisition and processing module compares the obtained electrical signal with the data in the bearing failure mode database to determine the working state of the bearing and/or Type of failure.
优选地，所述光扫描装置包括反射镜、电机及多个激光耦合器，来自所述环行器的脉冲激光入射到所述反射镜，所述电机使所述反射镜运动而将所述脉冲激光反射到所述多个激光耦合器中的选定的激光耦合器中，所述多个激光耦合器分别与所述多根振动传感光缆连接，从而使所述脉冲激光入射到对应的振动传感光缆中。Preferably, the optical scanning device comprises a mirror, a motor and a plurality of laser couplers, a pulsed laser light from the circulator is incident on the mirror, the motor moving the mirror to rotate the pulsed laser Reflecting into a selected one of the plurality of laser couplers, the plurality of laser couplers being respectively coupled to the plurality of vibration sensing optical cables to cause the pulsed laser light to be incident on a corresponding vibration transmission In the photosensitive cable.
优选地，所述光扫描装置包括两个平行的反射镜和固定板，所述两个平行的反射镜安装于所述固定板，所述固定板安装于所述电机的主轴，所述两 个平行的反射镜的端面不在同一平面，所述两个平行的反射镜的对称中心在所述电机的主轴轴线上。Preferably, the optical scanning device comprises two parallel mirrors and a fixed plate, the two parallel mirrors are mounted on the fixed plate, and the fixed plate is mounted on a main shaft of the motor, the two The end faces of the parallel mirrors are not in the same plane, and the centers of symmetry of the two parallel mirrors are on the spindle axis of the motor.
优选地，所述振动传感光缆包括纤芯悬空的传感部分和实心的传输部分，在所述振动传感光缆的长度方向上，所述传输部分和所述传感部分交替配置，所述传感部分用于安装到轴承，以感测轴承的振动，所述传输部分用于传输所述脉冲激光和所述散射光。Preferably, the vibration sensing cable comprises a core suspended sensing portion and a solid transmitting portion, wherein the transmitting portion and the sensing portion are alternately arranged in a length direction of the vibration sensing cable, The sensing portion is for mounting to a bearing to sense vibration of the bearing, and the transmitting portion is for transmitting the pulsed laser light and the scattered light.
优选地，所述振动传感光缆的所述传感部分绕在轴端的端盖的凸缘的周向凹槽中，所述振动传感光缆的所述传输部分固定，所述轴承的端盖的所述凸缘抵靠于轴承的外圈，以接收轴承的振动。Preferably, the sensing portion of the vibration sensing cable is wound in a circumferential groove of the flange of the end cap of the shaft end, the transmission portion of the vibration sensing cable is fixed, and the end cover of the bearing is The flange abuts against the outer ring of the bearing to receive the vibration of the bearing.
优选地，所述监测系统的所述振动传感光缆外的部分放置在需要监测的多个轴承的中间位置。Preferably, the portion of the monitoring system that is outside the vibration sensing cable is placed intermediate the plurality of bearings that need to be monitored.
一种基于光纤振动传感的轴承状态在线监测方法，该监测方法包括以下步骤：An on-line monitoring method for bearing status based on fiber vibration sensing, the monitoring method comprising the following steps:
发出脉冲激光；Pulse laser
将所述脉冲激光时分地输入到多根振动传感光缆中，其中，每根振动传感光缆均连接到一个或多个轴承，以感测轴承的振动；The pulsed laser is time-divisionally input into a plurality of vibration-sensing optical cables, wherein each of the vibration-sensing optical cables is connected to one or more bearings to sense vibration of the bearing;
将从所述多根振动传感光缆传输来的、带有轴承振动信息的散射光信号转换为电信号，并对该电信号进行处理，并由该电信号确定轴承的工作状态。The scattered light signal with bearing vibration information transmitted from the plurality of vibration sensing optical cables is converted into an electrical signal, and the electrical signal is processed, and the operating state of the bearing is determined by the electrical signal.
该监测方法可以使用根据本发明的监测系统来实现。This monitoring method can be implemented using the monitoring system according to the invention.
在本发明的基于光纤振动传感的轴承状态在线监测系统及方法中，光扫描装置用于将来自激光产生装置的脉冲激光时分地输入到多根振动传感光缆。因此，多根振动传感光缆形成为并联关系。可以在不减少总共能够监测的轴承的数量的情况下，缩短每根振动传感光缆的长度。因此，可以减小振动传感光缆中传输的激光的功率或者在较低的激光功率的条件下获得较好的灵敏度。在本申请中，由于缩短了每根振动传感光缆的长度，因此，可以 使用小功率的激光器和/或省略光功率放大器，因而可以降低监测系统的成本。In the optical fiber vibration sensing based bearing state online monitoring system and method of the present invention, the optical scanning device is configured to time-divisionally input the pulsed laser light from the laser generating device to the plurality of vibration sensing optical cables. Therefore, a plurality of vibration sensing cables are formed in a parallel relationship. The length of each vibration sensing cable can be shortened without reducing the number of bearings that can be monitored in total. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the power of the laser light transmitted in the vibration sensing cable or to obtain a better sensitivity under the condition of a lower laser power. In the present application, since the length of each vibration sensing cable is shortened, a low power laser can be used and/or the optical power amplifier can be omitted, thereby reducing the cost of the monitoring system.
附图说明DRAWINGS
图1为根据本发明的一个实施方式的基于光纤振动传感的轴承状态在线监测系统的结构示意图。1 is a schematic structural view of a bearing state online monitoring system based on optical fiber vibration sensing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图2为图1的监测系统中的光扫描装置的结构示意图。2 is a schematic structural view of an optical scanning device in the monitoring system of FIG. 1.
图3为图2的光扫描装置的工作原理图。3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the optical scanning device of FIG. 2.
图4为图1的监测系统中的振动传感光缆的轴向截面示意图。4 is a schematic axial cross-sectional view of a vibration sensing cable in the monitoring system of FIG. 1.
图5为图1的监测系统中的振动传感光缆安装于轴承的一种安装方式的示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing an installation manner of a vibration sensing optical cable installed in a bearing in the monitoring system of FIG. 1. FIG.
附图标记列表List of reference signs
1激光器，2脉冲调制器，3环行器，4光扫描装置，5振动传感光缆，6轴承，7衰减器，8光电探测器，9信号采集及处理模块，10电源模块，401A、401B、401A’、401B’反射镜，402固定板，403电机，404A、404B、404C激光耦合器，101入射激光，102、102’出射激光，405对称中心，501传输部分，502传感部分，503纤芯，504保护套，505包层，601端盖，602圆环板，603凸缘，604周向凹槽1 laser, 2 pulse modulator, 3 circulator, 4 optical scanning device, 5 vibration sensing cable, 6 bearing, 7 attenuator, 8 photodetector, 9 signal acquisition and processing module, 10 power module, 401A, 401B, 401A', 401B' mirror, 402 fixed plate, 403 motor, 404A, 404B, 404C laser coupler, 101 incident laser, 102, 102' laser, 405 symmetric center, 501 transmission part, 502 sensing part, 503 fiber Core, 504 protective cover, 505 cladding, 601 end cap, 602 annular plate, 603 flange, 604 circumferential groove
具体实施方式detailed description
参照图1，本发明的一个实施方式的基于光纤振动传感的轴承状态在线监测系统(以下，有时也简称为“监测系统”)包括激光器1、脉冲调制器2、环行器3、光扫描装置4、振动传感光缆5、衰减器7、光电探测器8、信号采集及处理模块9及电源模块10。Referring to Fig. 1, an optical fiber vibration sensing based bearing state on-line monitoring system (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as "monitoring system") according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a laser 1, a pulse modulator 2, a circulator 3, and an optical scanning device. 4. Vibration sensing cable 5, attenuator 7, photodetector 8, signal acquisition and processing module 9 and power module 10.
激光器1产生的激光被脉冲调制器2调制为脉冲激光后，通过环行器3和 光扫描装置4进入多根(n根)振动传感光缆5中的一根振动传感光缆5来探测多个(m个)轴承6工作情况下的振动。轴承6的振动会引起振动传感光缆5中光纤应力的变化，从而引起瑞利散射光信号相应改变。带有轴承振动信息的瑞利散射光信号向后(即，向与激光前进方向相反的方向)经过光扫描装置4和环行器3后被光电探测器8接收，转变为电信号后被信号采集及处理模块9处理。向前传输的激光最终进入衰减器7被衰减掉。After the laser light generated by the laser 1 is modulated by the pulse modulator 2 into a pulsed laser light, the circulator 3 and the optical scanning device 4 enter a vibration sensing optical cable 5 of the plurality of (n) vibration sensing optical cables 5 to detect a plurality of m) vibration of the bearing 6 under working conditions. The vibration of the bearing 6 causes a change in the fiber stress in the vibration sensing cable 5, causing a corresponding change in the Rayleigh scattered light signal. The Rayleigh scattered light signal with the bearing vibration information is received backward by the optical scanning device 4 and the circulator 3 after passing through the optical scanning device 4 and the circulator 3, and is converted into an electrical signal and then collected by the signal. And processing module 9 processing. The forwardly transmitted laser eventually enters the attenuator 7 and is attenuated.
因为同一根振动传感光缆5检测的每个轴承6距光电探测器8的距离都是不同的，因此可以通过接收到信号的时间来区分每个轴承的振动信号。在信号采集及处理模块9中，瑞利散射电信号经过处理后和轴承失效数据库进行比对，进而确定轴承6的工作状态。光扫描装置4被控制成将环行器3和不同分支的振动传感光缆5接通，以此实现大量轴承的状态监测。Since the distance of each bearing 6 detected by the same vibration sensing cable 5 from the photodetector 8 is different, the vibration signal of each bearing can be distinguished by the time of receiving the signal. In the signal acquisition and processing module 9, the Rayleigh scattered electrical signal is processed and compared with the bearing failure database to determine the working state of the bearing 6. The optical scanning device 4 is controlled to turn on the circulator 3 and the vibration sensing cables 5 of different branches, thereby achieving state monitoring of a large number of bearings.
信号采集及处理模块9可以包括AD转换器和微处理器。信号采集及处理模块9可以连接到脉冲调制器2，以控制脉冲调制器2的调制模式。虽然，本申请中的激光器1和脉冲调制器2可以由一个发出脉冲激光的激光器来替代，但是，在本发明的激光器1和脉冲调制器2的组合中，可以使用发射连续光因而更便宜的激光器1，并且通过信号采集及处理模块9对脉冲调制器2的控制，脉冲调制器2可以产生不同调制模式的脉冲激光。应当理解，也可以将本申请中的激光器1和脉冲调制器2一起称为用于发出脉冲激光的激光产生装置。环行器3用于将来自脉冲调制器2的脉冲激光传递到光扫描装置4以及用于将来自光扫描装置4的散射光信号传递到光电探测器8。公知地，环行器是有数个端的非可逆器件。在本申请中，环行器3有至少三个端。例如，来自脉冲调制器2的脉冲激光从端1进入环行器3，从端2输出到光扫描装置4；来自光扫描装置4的散射光信号从端2进入环行器3，从端3输出到光电探测器8。The signal acquisition and processing module 9 can include an AD converter and a microprocessor. The signal acquisition and processing module 9 can be connected to the pulse modulator 2 to control the modulation mode of the pulse modulator 2. Although the laser 1 and the pulse modulator 2 in the present application can be replaced by a laser that emits a pulsed laser, in the combination of the laser 1 and the pulse modulator 2 of the present invention, it is possible to use continuous light and thus cheaper. The laser 1 and the control of the pulse modulator 2 by the signal acquisition and processing module 9 can produce pulsed lasers of different modulation modes. It should be understood that the laser 1 and the pulse modulator 2 in the present application may also be referred to together as a laser generating device for emitting a pulsed laser. The circulator 3 is for transmitting the pulsed laser light from the pulse modulator 2 to the optical scanning device 4 and for transmitting the scattered light signal from the optical scanning device 4 to the photodetector 8. It is known that a circulator is a non-reversible device having several terminals. In the present application, the circulator 3 has at least three ends. For example, the pulsed laser light from the pulse modulator 2 enters the circulator 3 from the terminal 1 and is output from the terminal 2 to the optical scanning device 4; the scattered optical signal from the optical scanning device 4 enters the circulator 3 from the terminal 2, and outputs the output from the terminal 3 to Photodetector 8.
信号采集及处理模块9还连接到光扫描装置4，以控制光扫描装置4将环行器3和不同分支的振动传感光缆5连通，信号采集及处理模块9还可以控制光扫描装置4将环行器3和某一根振动传感光缆5连通的保持时间，即监测该 根振动传感光缆5连接到轴承6的持续时间。该保持时间或持续时间可以根据该根振动传感光缆5连接到的轴承6的个数和/或该根振动传感光缆5的长度来确定。The signal acquisition and processing module 9 is also connected to the optical scanning device 4 to control the optical scanning device 4 to connect the circulator 3 and the vibration sensing optical cables 5 of different branches, and the signal collecting and processing module 9 can also control the optical scanning device 4 to ring. The holding time of the device 3 in communication with a vibration sensing cable 5 is to monitor the duration of the connection of the vibration sensing cable 5 to the bearing 6. The hold time or duration may be determined based on the number of bearings 6 to which the vibration sensing cable 5 is connected and/or the length of the vibration sensing cable 5.
电源模块10为激光器1、脉冲调制器2、光扫描装置4、光电探测器8、信号采集及处理模块9等需要电力的部件提供电力。The power module 10 supplies power to components requiring power such as the laser 1, the pulse modulator 2, the optical scanning device 4, the photodetector 8, and the signal acquisition and processing module 9.
多根(n根)振动传感光缆5并联到光扫描装置4，在每根振动传感光缆5的末端(激光前进方向上的前端)连接一个衰减器7。衰减器7可以将前进的激光衰减掉，从而防止或降低反射回的激光形成为散射光信号的噪声。A plurality of (n) vibration sensing cables 5 are connected in parallel to the optical scanning device 4, and an attenuator 7 is connected to the end of each of the vibration sensing cables 5 (the front end in the laser advancing direction). The attenuator 7 can attenuate the advancing laser light to prevent or reduce the reflected laser light from being formed into a noise that scatters the light signal.
每根振动传感光缆5可以连接到多个(m个)轴承。因而，本发明的监测系统可以监测m×n个轴承的状态。当然，每根振动传感光缆5连接(监测)的轴承6的个数也可以不同。Each vibration sensing cable 5 can be connected to a plurality of (m) bearings. Thus, the monitoring system of the present invention can monitor the status of m x n bearings. Of course, the number of bearings 6 connected (monitored) by each of the vibration sensing cables 5 may also be different.
如图2所示，光扫描装置4包括两个平面反射镜401A和401B、固定板402、电机403及多个(大于或等于n个)激光耦合器404A、404B、404C、……。两个平面反射镜401A和401B的反射面彼此相对地彼此平行配置。两个平面反射镜401A和401B的反射面彼此相对。两个平面反射镜401A和401B的端面不在同一平面上。两个平面反射镜401A和401B安装在固定板402上，它们的对称中心与固定板402的中心重合。固定板402安装在电机403的主轴上，电机403的主轴轴线和固定板轴线重合，并经过两个平面反射镜401A和401B的对称中心。激光耦合器404A、404B、404C、……分别与一根振动传感光缆5连接。As shown in FIG. 2, the optical scanning device 4 includes two plane mirrors 401A and 401B, a fixed plate 402, a motor 403, and a plurality of (greater than or equal to n) laser couplers 404A, 404B, 404C, . The reflecting faces of the two plane mirrors 401A and 401B are arranged in parallel with each other opposite to each other. The reflecting faces of the two plane mirrors 401A and 401B are opposed to each other. The end faces of the two plane mirrors 401A and 401B are not in the same plane. Two plane mirrors 401A and 401B are mounted on the fixed plate 402 with their centers of symmetry coincident with the center of the fixed plate 402. The fixed plate 402 is mounted on the main shaft of the motor 403, and the spindle axis of the motor 403 coincides with the axis of the fixed plate and passes through the center of symmetry of the two plane mirrors 401A and 401B. The laser couplers 404A, 404B, 404C, ... are respectively connected to one vibration sensing optical cable 5.
图3示出了光扫描装置4的工作原理，来自环行器3的激光(入射激光101)以固定方向入射，经两个平面反射镜401A和401B反射的出射激光102总和入射激光101平行，并进入激光耦合器404A及与其相连的振动传感光缆5。当电机403驱动平面反射镜401A和401B绕其对称中心405转动时，即平面反射镜从实线示出的位置401A和401B转动到虚线示出的位置401A’和401B’时，出射激光102’相比转动前的出射激光102产生平行偏移，并进入激光耦合器 404B及与其相连的振动传感光缆5。在垂直于出射激光的平面上布置的多个耦合器404A、404B、404C、……，即可将自由空间中的激光耦合到振动传感光缆5中。3 shows the operation of the optical scanning device 4, the laser light from the circulator 3 (incident laser 101) is incident in a fixed direction, and the outgoing laser light 102 reflected by the two planar mirrors 401A and 401B is parallel to the incident laser light 101, and The laser coupler 404A and the vibration sensing cable 5 connected thereto are entered. When the motor 403 drives the plane mirrors 401A and 401B to rotate about their symmetry centers 405, that is, when the plane mirrors are rotated from the positions 401A and 401B shown by the solid lines to the positions 401A' and 401B' shown by the broken lines, the laser light 102' is emitted. It is parallel offset from the exiting laser 102 before the rotation, and enters the laser coupler 404B and the vibration sensing cable 5 connected thereto. The lasers in the free space can be coupled into the vibration sensing cable 5 in a plurality of couplers 404A, 404B, 404C, ... arranged perpendicular to the plane from which the laser exits.
光扫描装置4为一路输入、多路平行输出的形式，输出路数量范围可以为4到64。光扫描装置4被构造成将来自环行器3的入射激光101时分地输入到多根振动传感光缆5。光扫描装置4可以被构造成将来自环行器3的入射激光101循环地依次输入到多根振动传感光缆5(多个激光耦合器404A、404B、404C、……)。光扫描装置4也可以根据信号采集及处理模块9的控制将来自环行器3的入射激光101选择性地输入到特定的振动传感光缆5。The optical scanning device 4 is in the form of one input and multiple parallel outputs, and the number of output channels can range from 4 to 64. The optical scanning device 4 is configured to time-divisionally input the incident laser light 101 from the circulator 3 to the plurality of vibration sensing optical cables 5. The optical scanning device 4 may be configured to sequentially input the incident laser light 101 from the circulator 3 to the plurality of vibration sensing optical cables 5 (the plurality of laser couplers 404A, 404B, 404C, ...). The optical scanning device 4 can also selectively input the incident laser light 101 from the circulator 3 to the specific vibration sensing optical cable 5 in accordance with the control of the signal acquisition and processing module 9.
应当理解，上述将“入射激光101时分地输入到多根振动传感光缆5”只是表示在同一时间只向一根振动传感光缆5输入激光，在不同时间，可以向不同振动传感光缆5输入激光。这并不表示必须依次地或循环地向所有振动传感光缆5输入激光，也并不表示向多根振动传感光缆5输入激光的时间必须彼此相等。在某一时间点或时间段，也可以不向任何振动传感光缆5输入激光。光扫描装置4的动作方式可以由信号采集及处理模块9适当地控制。It should be understood that the above-mentioned "input of the incident laser light 101 into the plurality of vibration sensing optical cables 5" merely means that laser light is input to only one vibration sensing optical cable 5 at the same time, and different vibration sensing optical cables 5 can be driven at different times. Enter the laser. This does not mean that the laser light must be input to all of the vibration-sensing optical cables 5 sequentially or cyclically, nor does it mean that the time for inputting laser light to the plurality of vibration-sensing optical cables 5 must be equal to each other. It is also possible not to input laser light to any of the vibration sensing optical cables 5 at a certain time point or time period. The mode of operation of the optical scanning device 4 can be appropriately controlled by the signal acquisition and processing module 9.
本发明的光扫描装置的结构不限于上述结构。反射镜的数量还可以是一个或多个。电机的数量也可以是一个或多个。电机可以使一个或多个反射镜转动或移动，电机还可以使多个反射镜中的部分反射镜转动或移动。电机还可以使多个激光耦合器同时移动，或者使选定的一个激光耦合器移动到接收入射激光的位置。而且，两个反射镜也不是必须平行配置。The structure of the optical scanning device of the present invention is not limited to the above structure. The number of mirrors can also be one or more. The number of motors can also be one or more. The motor can rotate or move one or more mirrors, and the motor can also rotate or move a portion of the plurality of mirrors. The motor can also move multiple laser couplers simultaneously or move a selected one of the laser couplers to a position that receives the incident laser light. Moreover, the two mirrors are not necessarily arranged in parallel.
如图4所示，振动传感光缆5根据不同的功能分为两种不同结构部分，传输部分501为纤芯(也称为裸纤)503被保护套504和包层505包裹的实心结构，传感部分502为中空结构，即，纤芯503悬空在保护套504内，保护套504和纤芯503之间没有包层505。As shown in FIG. 4, the vibration sensing optical cable 5 is divided into two different structural parts according to different functions, and the transmitting part 501 is a solid structure in which a core (also referred to as a bare fiber) 503 is wrapped by a protective cover 504 and a cladding 505. The sensing portion 502 is of a hollow structure, that is, the core 503 is suspended in the protective sleeve 504, and there is no cladding 505 between the protective sleeve 504 and the core 503.
在振动传感光缆5的长度方向上，传输部分501和传感部分502交替配置。传感部分502用于安装到轴承，以感测轴承的振动。传输部分501用于传输激 光和反向行进的散射光。传感部分502比传输部分501更适于感测振动。当然，激光和散射光也能在传感部分502中传输。In the longitudinal direction of the vibration sensing optical cable 5, the transmitting portion 501 and the sensing portion 502 are alternately arranged. The sensing portion 502 is for mounting to a bearing to sense the vibration of the bearing. The transmitting portion 501 is for transmitting laser light and scattered light traveling in the reverse direction. The sensing portion 502 is more suitable for sensing vibration than the transmitting portion 501. Of course, laser and scattered light can also be transmitted in the sensing portion 502.
应当理解，传感部分502安装到轴承涵盖传感部分502安装到轴承的内圈或外圈上，但这在很多情况下是不容易实现的。因而，传感部分502安装到轴承还涵盖传感部分502安装到与轴承接触而接收轴承的振动的其它部件(例如下面提到的轴承的端盖)。It should be understood that the mounting of the sensing portion 502 to the bearing covers the sensing portion 502 to the inner or outer ring of the bearing, but this is not readily achievable in many cases. Thus, the mounting of the sensing portion 502 to the bearing also encompasses the sensing member 502 being mounted to other components that contact the bearing to receive the vibration of the bearing (such as the end cap of the bearing mentioned below).
如图5所示，振动传感光缆5可以安装到轴承6的端盖601。端盖601包括圆环板602和从圆环板602的内周朝向轴向一侧突出的凸缘603。凸缘603上设置有周向凹槽604。振动传感光缆5的传感部分502自由绕在端盖601的凸缘603的周向凹槽604中。振动传感光缆5的非振动传感的传输部分501固定。As shown in FIG. 5, the vibration sensing cable 5 can be mounted to the end cap 601 of the bearing 6. The end cap 601 includes an annular plate 602 and a flange 603 that protrudes from the inner circumference of the annular plate 602 toward the axial side. A circumferential groove 604 is provided on the flange 603. The sensing portion 502 of the vibration sensing cable 5 is free to wrap around the circumferential groove 604 of the flange 603 of the end cap 601. The non-vibration sensing transmission portion 501 of the vibration sensing cable 5 is fixed.
在该端盖601安装到轴承6时，凸缘603抵靠轴承6的外圈，以接收轴承的振动。圆环板602可以容纳在轴承座中。When the end cap 601 is mounted to the bearing 6, the flange 603 abuts against the outer ring of the bearing 6 to receive vibration of the bearing. The annular plate 602 can be received in a bearing housing.
本发明的基于光纤振动传感的轴承状态在线监测系统除振动传感光缆5外的主机放置在需要监测的多个轴承的大致中间或中心位置，以此来增大监测轴承的数量。The optical fiber vibration sensing based bearing state on-line monitoring system of the present invention is placed at a substantially intermediate or central position of a plurality of bearings to be monitored except for the vibration sensing optical cable 5, thereby increasing the number of monitoring bearings.
本发明的基于光纤振动传感的轴承状态在线监测系统还可以包括轴承故障模式数据库(例如声纹数据库)。这样，信号采集及处理模块9可以将其得到的散射光信号与轴承故障模式数据库中的数据进行比对，以确定轴承的工作状态和/或失效类型。因而，本发明的监测系统可以被称为“智能”轴承状态在线监测系统。The fiber state vibration sensing based bearing condition online monitoring system of the present invention may further comprise a bearing failure mode database (eg, a voiceprint database). Thus, the signal acquisition and processing module 9 can compare the resulting scattered light signal to the data in the bearing failure mode database to determine the operating state and/or failure type of the bearing. Thus, the monitoring system of the present invention can be referred to as a "smart" bearing status online monitoring system.
在本发明的基于光纤振动传感的轴承状态在线监测系统中，通过特殊设计的振动传感光缆及其安装方法，功能器件的布局方式以及光扫描装置，本发明提供了一种通过提高光纤振动监测装置灵敏度、减小能量损失来提高监测轴承数量，以实现一套系统在线监测多个轴承的技术方案。该技术方案能大大降低系统成本，提高轴承在线监测系统在高速列车、风电机组及多个机床等设备上实现大规模应用的可行性。In the on-line monitoring system for bearing state based on optical fiber vibration sensing of the present invention, the present invention provides a vibration by improving the fiber through a specially designed vibration sensing optical cable and its mounting method, a layout of functional devices, and an optical scanning device. Monitor device sensitivity and reduce energy loss to increase the number of monitored bearings to achieve a technical solution for online monitoring of multiple bearings. The technical solution can greatly reduce the system cost and improve the feasibility of the bearing online monitoring system for large-scale application on high-speed trains, wind turbines and multiple machine tools.
本发明还提供一种基于上述监测系统的基于光纤振动传感的轴承状态在线监测方法。The invention also provides an on-line monitoring method for bearing state based on optical fiber vibration sensing based on the above monitoring system.
应当理解，上述实施方式仅是示例性的，不用于限制本发明。本领域技术人员可以在本发明的教导下对上述实施方式作出各种变型和改变，而不脱离本发明的范围。It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments are merely exemplary and are not intended to limit the invention. A person skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes to the above-described embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于光纤振动传感的轴承状态在线监测系统，该监测系统包括激光产生装置、环行器、光扫描装置、多根振动传感光缆、光电探测器和信号采集及处理模块，An on-line monitoring system for bearing status based on optical fiber vibration sensing, the monitoring system comprises a laser generating device, a circulator, an optical scanning device, a plurality of vibration sensing optical cables, a photodetector, and a signal acquisition and processing module.
    所述激光产生装置用于发出脉冲激光，The laser generating device is for emitting a pulsed laser,
    由所述激光产生装置产生的脉冲激光通过所述环行器进入到所述光扫描装置，Pulsed laser light generated by the laser generating device enters the optical scanning device through the circulator,
    所述光扫描装置用于将所述脉冲激光时分地输入到所述多根振动传感光缆，The optical scanning device is configured to input the pulsed laser into the plurality of vibration sensing optical cables in a time division manner,
    所述多根振动传感光缆中的每根振动传感光缆均用于感测一个或多个轴承的振动，从所述多根振动传感光缆传输来的、带有轴承振动信息的散射光信号经由所述光扫描装置和所述环行器进入所述光电探测器，Each of the plurality of vibration sensing cables is for sensing vibration of one or more bearings, and scattered light with bearing vibration information transmitted from the plurality of vibration sensing cables a signal enters the photodetector via the optical scanning device and the circulator,
    所述光电探测器用于将所述散射光信号转换为电信号，并将该电信号传输给所述信号采集及处理模块，The photodetector is configured to convert the scattered light signal into an electrical signal, and transmit the electrical signal to the signal acquisition and processing module.
    所述信号采集及处理模块用于对从所述光电探测器传输来的所述电信号进行处理，并由该电信号确定轴承的工作状态。The signal acquisition and processing module is configured to process the electrical signal transmitted from the photodetector, and determine an operating state of the bearing from the electrical signal.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于光纤振动传感的轴承状态在线监测系统，其特征在于，The on-line monitoring system for bearing state based on optical fiber vibration sensing according to claim 1, wherein
    所述激光产生装置包括激光器和脉冲调制器，The laser generating device includes a laser and a pulse modulator,
    由所述激光器产生的激光被所述脉冲调制器调制后通过所述环行器进入到所述光扫描装置。The laser light generated by the laser is modulated by the pulse modulator and passed through the circulator to the optical scanning device.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的基于光纤振动传感的轴承状态在线监测系统，其特征在于，The on-line monitoring system for bearing state based on optical fiber vibration sensing according to claim 1, wherein
    所述多根振动传感光缆的远离所述光扫描装置的末端均连接有衰减器，所述衰减器用于使在所述振动传感光缆中传输的脉冲激光衰减。An attenuator is connected to an end of the plurality of vibration sensing cables remote from the optical scanning device for attenuating pulsed laser light transmitted in the vibration sensing optical cable.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的基于光纤振动传感的轴承状态在线监测系统，其特征在于，The on-line monitoring system for bearing state based on optical fiber vibration sensing according to claim 1, wherein
    所述监测系统还包括轴承故障模式数据库，所述信号采集及处理模块将其得到的电信号与所述轴承故障模式数据库中的数据进行比对，以确定轴承的工作状态和/或失效类型。The monitoring system also includes a bearing failure mode database, the signal acquisition and processing module comparing the resulting electrical signals to data in the bearing failure mode database to determine the operating state and/or failure type of the bearing.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的基于光纤振动传感的轴承状态在线监测系统，其特征在于，The on-line monitoring system for bearing state based on optical fiber vibration sensing according to claim 1, wherein
    所述光扫描装置包括反射镜、电机及多个激光耦合器，The optical scanning device includes a mirror, a motor, and a plurality of laser couplers.
    来自所述环行器的脉冲激光入射到所述反射镜，所述电机使所述反射镜运动而将所述脉冲激光反射到所述多个激光耦合器中的选定的激光耦合器中，所述多个激光耦合器分别与所述多根振动传感光缆连接，从而使所述脉冲激光入射到对应的振动传感光缆中。Pulsed laser light from the circulator is incident on the mirror, the motor moving the mirror to reflect the pulsed laser light into a selected one of the plurality of laser couplers, The plurality of laser couplers are respectively connected to the plurality of vibration sensing optical cables, so that the pulsed laser light is incident into the corresponding vibration sensing optical cable.
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的基于光纤振动传感的轴承状态在线监测系统，其特征在于，The on-line monitoring system for bearing status based on optical fiber vibration sensing according to claim 5, wherein
    所述光扫描装置包括两个平行的反射镜和固定板，所述两个平行的反射镜安装于所述固定板，所述固定板安装于所述电机的主轴，所述两个平行的反射镜的端面不在同一平面，所述两个平行的反射镜的对称中心在所述电机的主轴轴线上。The optical scanning device includes two parallel mirrors and a fixed plate, the two parallel mirrors are mounted on the fixed plate, the fixed plate is mounted on a main shaft of the motor, and the two parallel reflections The end faces of the mirrors are not in the same plane, and the centers of symmetry of the two parallel mirrors are on the spindle axis of the motor.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的基于光纤振动传感的轴承状态在线监测系统，其特征在于，The on-line monitoring system for bearing state based on optical fiber vibration sensing according to claim 1, wherein
    所述振动传感光缆包括纤芯悬空的传感部分和实心的传输部分，在所述振动传感光缆的长度方向上，所述传输部分和所述传感部分交替配置，The vibration sensing cable includes a sensing portion with a core suspended and a solid transmission portion, and the transmitting portion and the sensing portion are alternately arranged in a length direction of the vibration sensing cable.
    所述传感部分用于安装到轴承，以感测轴承的振动，所述传输部分用于传输所述脉冲激光和所述散射光。The sensing portion is for mounting to a bearing to sense vibration of the bearing, and the transmitting portion is for transmitting the pulsed laser light and the scattered light.
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的基于光纤振动传感的轴承状态在线监测系统，其特征在于，The on-line monitoring system for bearing state based on optical fiber vibration sensing according to claim 7, wherein
    所述振动传感光缆的所述传感部分绕在轴端的端盖的凸缘的周向凹槽中，所述振动传感光缆的所述传输部分固定，The sensing portion of the vibration sensing cable is wound in a circumferential groove of the flange of the end cap of the shaft end, and the transmission portion of the vibration sensing cable is fixed.
    所述轴承的端盖的所述凸缘抵靠于轴承的外圈，以接收轴承的振动。The flange of the end cap of the bearing abuts against the outer ring of the bearing to receive vibration of the bearing.
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的基于光纤振动传感的轴承状态在线监测系统，其特征在于，The on-line monitoring system for bearing state based on optical fiber vibration sensing according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that
    所述监测系统的所述振动传感光缆外的部分放置在需要监测的多个轴承的中间位置。The portion of the monitoring system that is outside the vibration sensing cable is placed intermediate the plurality of bearings that need to be monitored.
  10. 一种基于光纤振动传感的轴承状态在线监测方法，该监测方法包括以下步骤：An on-line monitoring method for bearing status based on fiber vibration sensing, the monitoring method comprising the following steps:
    发出脉冲激光；Pulse laser
    将所述脉冲激光时分地输入到多根振动传感光缆中，其中，每根振动传感光缆均连接到一个或多个轴承，以感测轴承的振动；The pulsed laser is time-divisionally input into a plurality of vibration-sensing optical cables, wherein each of the vibration-sensing optical cables is connected to one or more bearings to sense vibration of the bearing;
    将从所述多根振动传感光缆传输来的、带有轴承振动信息的散射光信号转换为电信号，并对该电信号进行处理，并由该电信号确定轴承的工作状态。The scattered light signal with bearing vibration information transmitted from the plurality of vibration sensing optical cables is converted into an electrical signal, and the electrical signal is processed, and the operating state of the bearing is determined by the electrical signal.
PCT/CN2018/072604 2017-01-16 2018-01-15 Bearing status online monitoring system and method based on optical fiber vibration sensing WO2018130217A1 (en)

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