WO2018130097A1 - 一种天线结构及应用于该天线结构的赋形方法 - Google Patents

一种天线结构及应用于该天线结构的赋形方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018130097A1
WO2018130097A1 PCT/CN2017/119975 CN2017119975W WO2018130097A1 WO 2018130097 A1 WO2018130097 A1 WO 2018130097A1 CN 2017119975 W CN2017119975 W CN 2017119975W WO 2018130097 A1 WO2018130097 A1 WO 2018130097A1
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Prior art keywords
antenna
cavity
narrow beam
antenna structure
antenna body
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PCT/CN2017/119975
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李铁钧
尚斋荣
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上海大唐移动通信设备有限公司
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Publication of WO2018130097A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018130097A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communications, and in particular to an antenna structure and a forming method applied to the antenna structure.
  • the tunnel scene is one of the difficulties that need to be overcome during the full coverage of the entire scene.
  • the problem that the tunnel becomes difficult to cover is that the tunnel space is cylindrical, the vehicle travels fast, and the wind pressure is large.
  • the surrounding rock wall is thick and the external macro station cannot cover; the tunnel is narrow and long.
  • the scene is complicated.
  • the antenna of the wireless device itself in the prior art has a certain distance limitation. When the distance exceeds this limit, the external antenna is used to enhance the wireless signal to achieve the purpose of extending the transmission distance.
  • the industry usually uses a leaky cable antenna, a small plate antenna, a logarithmic period antenna, etc. to complete the communication coverage of the tunnel.
  • Leaky cable antenna It needs to be continuously constructed inside the tunnel. It is difficult and expensive. At the same time, due to the large transmission loss and coupling loss, the leakage distance of a source-connected cable antenna is about 1 km. about.
  • the antenna coverage distance is short, and the number of sources and antennas to be consumed within a certain distance is large, and the deployment cost is high.
  • the present application discloses an antenna structure, the antenna structure including a first cavity and a second cavity symmetrically disposed in a left-right direction;
  • End caps are respectively disposed at two ends of the first cavity and the second cavity;
  • the first antenna body is disposed in the first cavity, and the first antenna body is a narrow beam high gain antenna or a narrow beam low gain antenna.
  • the sidewall of the first cavity is intimately coupled to the sidewall of the second cavity.
  • the back surface of the first cavity and the back surface of the second cavity constitute a mounting surface of the antenna structure
  • the mounting surface is a planar structure for The antenna structure is fixed to the tunnel wall.
  • a side surface of the first cavity and a side surface of the second cavity are streamlined curved surfaces.
  • the second cavity body includes a second antenna body, and the second antenna body is a narrow beam high gain antenna or a narrow beam low gain antenna.
  • the first antenna body and the second antenna are combined in the following manner:
  • the first antenna body is a narrow beam high gain antenna
  • the second antenna body is a narrow beam high gain antenna
  • the first antenna body is a narrow beam high gain antenna, and the second antenna body is a narrow beam low gain antenna;
  • the first antenna body is a narrow beam low gain antenna
  • the second antenna body is a narrow beam high gain antenna.
  • the second cavity does not include any antenna body; or,
  • the first antenna body is a narrow beam low gain antenna
  • the second antenna body is a narrow beam low gain antenna
  • the first antenna body and the second antenna body include:
  • a plurality of power dividing boards are disposed on the metal plate and connected to the plurality of vibrators by cables.
  • each of the plurality of vibrators includes a petal structure, and a guiding piece disposed on the petal structure;
  • the petal structure is a symmetrical structure and is composed of four metal sheets.
  • the plurality of vibrators are arranged at predetermined intervals in both the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.
  • a shaping method applied to the antenna structure described above comprising:
  • the method further includes:
  • the first phase value is added to the second phase value to obtain the specified phase value.
  • the antenna structure disclosed in the present application is configured to modularize the antenna structure by providing the first cavity and the second cavity in a symmetrical structure, and the user can set the first cavity and the second according to actual needs.
  • the antenna body in the cavity can make the antenna more suitable for the needs of the tunnel scene, and maximize the coverage of the useful signal, and effectively improve the flexibility of the antenna installation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an antenna disclosed in the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an antenna disclosed in the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an antenna body disclosed in the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a radiation direction of an antenna structure disclosed in the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an antenna waveform of a narrow beam high gain antenna disclosed in the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an antenna waveform of a narrow beam low gain antenna disclosed in the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a forming method applied to the antenna structure disclosed in the present application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure disclosed in the present application.
  • the antenna structure 100 includes a first cavity 10 and a second cavity 20 symmetrically disposed in a left-right direction.
  • the end caps 30 are respectively disposed at two ends of the first cavity 10 and the second cavity 20 respectively.
  • a first antenna body (not shown) is disposed in the first cavity 10, and the first antenna body is a narrow beam high gain antenna or a narrow beam low gain antenna.
  • FIG. 2 a specific structural diagram of an antenna structure disclosed in the present application is shown in FIG. 2:
  • the end cap 30 includes an upper end cap 31 and a lower end cap 32 corresponding to the first cavity 10, and an upper end cap 33 and a lower end cap 34 corresponding to the second cavity 20.
  • the sidewall 11 of the first cavity 10 is tightly coupled to the sidewall 21 of the second cavity 20 (as shown in FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the antenna structure, and therefore, the sidewall in FIG. 2 It does not fit tightly, so that the influence of wind pressure in the tunnel on the antenna can be effectively weakened.
  • the back surface 12 of the first cavity 10 and the back surface 22 of the second cavity 20 form a mounting surface of the antenna structure 100, which is a planar structure for securing the antenna structure 100 to the tunnel wall.
  • the side surface 13 of the first cavity 10 and the side surface 23 of the second cavity 20 are streamlined curved surfaces, thereby effectively improving the wind pressure resistance of the antenna structure 100.
  • the wind pressure applied to the antenna structure 100 in practical applications is only existing.
  • the antenna in the embodiment is about 0.6 times.
  • the user can set the curvature of the streamlined curved surface according to actual needs, which is not limited in this application.
  • the first cavity 10 further includes a plurality of mounting plates 14 for securing the antenna body 15 and securing the antenna structure 100 to the tunnel wall.
  • the second cavity 20 also includes a mounting plate 24 and an antenna body 25. In an embodiment disclosed in the present application, the antenna body may not be included in the second cavity 20.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the antenna body 15 disclosed in the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of the antenna body 15 disclosed in the present application.
  • the antenna main body 15 includes a metal plate 151, a plurality of vibrators 152 disposed in an array on the front surface of the metal plate, and a power dividing plate (not shown) disposed on the back surface of the metal plate, and the connection power dividing plate and the plurality of vibrators 152. Cable (not shown).
  • the number of the plurality of vibrators is only a schematic example, and the user can set the quantity according to actual needs, but the arrangement of the plurality of vibrators needs to satisfy the following conditions:
  • the array includes a horizontal direction and a vertical direction, and the arrangement manner can effectively enhance the beam combining effect of the antenna structure 100.
  • the number of vibrators in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction may be the same or different;
  • the vibrators in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction are arranged at predetermined intervals to reduce mutual interference.
  • the predetermined interval range is: 0.5 ⁇ -0.9 ⁇ .
  • is the wavelength of the antenna electromagnetic wave.
  • each of the arrays 152 specifically includes:
  • the petal structure 152a and the guiding piece 152b disposed on the petal structure 152a are identical to the petal structure 152a.
  • the petal structure 152a is a symmetrical structure composed of four metal sheets having a plurality of openings.
  • the four metal pieces constitute the radiating arm of the antenna, wherein the two diagonal radiating arms constitute one polarization of the antenna, so that the vibrators can form two modes of +45° polarization and -45° polarization, respectively.
  • the shape of the guiding piece 152b may be a circle, a square or a polygon, etc., and the material is metal.
  • the fixing means for guiding the sheet 152b is a supporting plastic member. One end of the plastic member is fixed to the metal piece through the opening of the metal piece, and the other end is fixed to the lead piece 152b.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the radiation direction of the antenna structure, and FIG. 4 is an elevation sectional view of the antenna structure 100.
  • Figure 4 :
  • the radiation direction of the antenna of the first antenna main body 15 and the second antenna main body 25 extends outward, that is, the radiation direction of the first antenna main body 15 is opposite to the radiation direction of the second antenna main body 25, and is parallel to the tunnel horizontal plane, the tunnel wall, and the antenna.
  • the back of the structure 100 is not limited to
  • the first antenna body 15 may be a narrow beam high gain antenna or a narrow beam low gain antenna.
  • the second antenna body 25 may be a narrow beam high gain antenna or a narrow beam low gain antenna.
  • the left and right setting directions of the first antenna main body 15 and the second antenna main body 25 as shown in FIG. 2 are merely illustrative examples.
  • FIG. 5 a schematic diagram of an antenna waveform of a narrow beam high gain antenna is shown in FIG. 5, and in FIG. 5:
  • the narrow-beam high-gain antenna has a horizontal lobe width of 20 ⁇ 3° and a vertical plane lobe width of 20 ⁇ 3°.
  • those skilled in the art can adjust the lobe width of the antenna according to factors such as the width of the actual tunnel to maximize signal coverage and energy.
  • the waveform of the narrow beam high gain antenna is similar to a rectangular wave, it can be used as an in-tunnel coverage antenna, and the coverage distance can reach 1.6 kilometers.
  • FIG. 6 a schematic diagram of an antenna waveform of a narrow beam low gain antenna is shown in FIG. 6, in FIG.
  • the narrow-beam low-gain antenna has a horizontal lobe width of 20 ⁇ 3° and a vertical plane lobe width of 65 ⁇ 5°. In other embodiments, those skilled in the art can adjust the lobe width of the antenna according to factors such as the width of the actual tunnel to maximize signal coverage and energy.
  • the narrow beam low gain antenna can serve as a pilot antenna for the tunnel, i.e., at the tunnel entrance and exit for linking with the macro station.
  • the narrow beam low gain antenna includes a built-in electric downtilt angle, and the operator can adjust the coverage of the antenna by adjusting the amplitude of the built-in electric downtilt of the narrow beam low gain antenna to further reach the coverage. Maximize signal and energy.
  • the first antenna body 15 may be a narrow beam high gain antenna or a narrow beam low gain antenna
  • the second antenna body 25 may be a narrow beam high gain antenna or a narrow beam low gain antenna
  • the second cavity may not include any antenna body, that is, the second cavity is an antenna casing (hereinafter referred to as an antenna model).
  • the antenna type combination of the first antenna main body 15 and the second antenna main body 25 is as shown in Table 1.
  • the antenna structure disclosed in the present application has the following advantages:
  • the streamlined housing is provided to effectively improve the overall wind pressure resistance of the antenna structure.
  • the antenna structure disclosed in the present application can effectively reduce the requirement on the number of antennas, thereby reducing cost and saving resources.
  • the shaping operation is required to obtain the antenna waveform corresponding to the corresponding narrow beam high gain antenna and The antenna waveform corresponding to the narrow beam low gain antenna.
  • the present application also discloses a shaping method applied to the above antenna structure, as shown in FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a shaping method applied to the antenna structure disclosed in the present application, and the method includes:
  • Step 701 Adjust a plurality of power boards and cables according to the obtained specified amplitude value and the specified phase value to obtain a specified output waveform.
  • the method may further include:
  • the first phase value is added to the second phase value to obtain a specified phase value.
  • FIG. 3 a schematic diagram of the antenna main body shown in FIG. 3 and an antenna main body as a narrow beam high-gain antenna are taken as an example for detailed description.
  • the waveform diagram of the narrow beam high gain antenna is as shown in FIG.
  • the operator After acquiring the antenna structure as shown in FIG. 2, the operator performs a shaping operation on the antenna body (ie, the first antenna body and/or the second antenna body disclosed in the present application). Specific steps are as follows:
  • the vibrator in the horizontal direction of the antenna main body array is shaped to obtain the corresponding weight coefficient and corresponding to the horizontal vibrator A first amplitude value of the first feed signal and a first phase value.
  • the feed network on the back side of the antenna body is adjusted, and the schematic diagram of the feed network is shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the specific adjustment method is as follows: adjusting the power splitter board to adjust the amplitude of the excitation signal, and adjusting the phase value of the excitation signal by adjusting the length of the cable. After the excitation signal fed from the antenna body is adjusted to the specified value in the step 3) and the step 4), the waveform output from the antenna main body is a waveform as shown in FIG.
  • the narrow beam low gain antenna is similar to the narrow beam high gain antenna and will not be described here.
  • the shaping method disclosed in the present application can shape the antenna structure disclosed in the present application, thereby enabling the antenna to form a radiated electromagnetic wave similar to a rectangular beam.
  • This form of electromagnetic wave can weaken the sidelobe interference while improving the beam sensitivity of the coverage area.
  • the electromagnetic capability of the rectangular beam is mainly concentrated in the beam range, so that it can be applied to a narrow tunnel and the like, and a longer distance coverage can be realized.

Abstract

本申请公开了一种天线结构及应用于该天线结构的赋形方法,该天线结构包括:呈左右对称设置的第一腔体和第二腔体;第一腔体和第二腔体的两端分别安设有端盖;其中,第一腔体内设置有第一天线主体,第一天线主体为窄波束高增益天线或窄波束低增益天线。从而使天线结构模块化,用户可根据实际需求设置第一腔体和第二腔体内的天线主体,从而可以使天线更加适应隧道场景的需求,实现有用信号覆盖范围的最大化,并且有效地提升了天线安装的灵活性。

Description

一种天线结构及应用于该天线结构的赋形方法
本申请要求在2017年1月11日提交中国专利局、申请号为201710019038.7、申请名称为“一种天线结构及应用于该天线结构的赋形方法”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信领域,特别是涉及一种天线结构及应用于该天线结构的赋形方法。
背景技术
随着无线网络的迅速发展,当前用户需求即实现网络全场景全覆盖。隧道场景,则是实现全场景全覆盖目标过程中需要攻克的难点之一。我国现有的铁路公路隧道众多,隧道成为覆盖难点的问题在于:隧道空间为圆柱形,车辆行驶速度快,形成的风压大;四周岩壁厚,外部宏站无法覆盖;隧道狭长不一,场景复杂。
现有技术中的无线设备本身的天线都有一定距离的限制,当超出这个限制的距离,就要通过外接天线来增强无线信号,达到延伸传输距离的目的。
而针对隧道的无线通信覆盖,目前业界通常使用漏缆天线、小板状天线、对数周期天线等完成隧道的通信覆盖。
但是,现有隧道天线仍存在许多不足之处,例如:
1、漏缆天线:需要在隧道内部延边连续施工,难度大,且价格高昂,同时由于存在很大的传输损耗以及耦合损耗等,一般一个信源连接的漏缆天线覆盖距离大概为1千米左右。
2、小板状天线、对数周期天线:天线覆盖距离短,一定距离内需要消耗的信源和天线数量较多,部署成本高。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本申请公开了一种天线结构,所述天线结构包括呈左右对称设置的第一腔体和第二腔体;
所述第一腔体和第二腔体的两端分别安设有端盖;
其中,所述第一腔体内设置有第一天线主体,所述第一天线主体为窄波束高增益天线或窄波束低增益天线。
在本申请公开的一个可选的实施例中,所述第一腔体的侧壁与所述第二腔体的侧壁紧密结合。
在本申请公开的一个可选的实施例中,所述第一腔体的背面与第二腔体的背面构成所述天线结构的安装面,所述安装面为平面结构,用于将所述天线结构固定于隧道壁。
在本申请公开的一个可选的实施例中,所述第一腔体的侧面与所述第二腔体的侧面为流线型曲面。
在本申请公开的一个可选的实施例中,所述第二腔体内包括有第二天线主体,所述第二天线主体为窄波束高增益天线或窄波束低增益天线。
在本申请公开的一个可选的实施例中,所述第一天线主体与所述第二天线按照以下方式进行组合:
所述第一天线主体为窄波束高增益天线,所述第二天线主体为窄波束高增益天线;
或者,
所述第一天线主体为窄波束高增益天线,所述第二天线主体为窄波束低增益天线;
或者,
所述第一天线主体为窄波束低增益天线,所述第二天线主体为窄波束高增益天线。
在本申请公开的一个可选的实施例中,所述第二腔体内不包括任何天线主体;或者,
所述第一天线主体为窄波束低增益天线,所述第二天线主体为窄波束低增益天线。
在本申请公开的一个可选的实施例中,所述第一天线主体与所述第二天线主体包括:
金属板;
多个振子,以阵列形式设置于所述金属板上;
多个功分板,设置于所述金属板上,并通过线缆连接所述多个振子。
在本申请公开的一个可选的实施例中,所述多个振子中的每个振子包括花瓣结构,以及设置于所述花瓣结构上的引向片;
其中,所述花瓣结构为对称结构,并由四个金属片组成。
在本申请公开的一个可选的实施例中,所述多个振子在水平方向与垂直方向均以预定间隔排列。
根据本申请公开的另一方面还提供了一种应用于上述天线结构的赋形方法,所述方法包括:
根据获取到的指定幅度值与指定相位值,调整所述多个功分板以及所述线缆,以获取指定输出波形。
在本申请公开的一个可选的实施例中,所述方法进一步包括:
根据所述指定输出波形的水平面波瓣宽度与垂直面波瓣宽度对阵列中的水平方向振子进行赋形操作,以获取对应的权重系数以及与所述水平方向振子对应的第一馈入信号的第一幅度值与第一相位值;
依据所述权重系数,获取所述阵列中的垂直方向振子对应的第二馈入信号的第二幅度值与第二相位值;
将所述第一幅度值与所述第二幅度值相乘,以获取所述指定幅度值;
将所述第一相位值与所述第二相位值相加,以获取所述指定相位值。
与现有技术相比,本申请公开的天线结构,通过设置呈对称结构的第一腔体和第二腔体,从而使天线结构模块化,用户可根据实际需求设置第一腔体和第二腔体内的天线主体,从而可以使天线更加适应隧道场景的需求,并 达到有用信号覆盖范围的最大化,并且有效地提升了天线安装的灵活性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请公开的技术方案,下面将对本申请公开的描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请公开的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请公开的一种天线结构示意图;
图2是本申请公开的一种天线结构示意图;
图3是本申请公开的天线主体结构示意图;
图4是本申请公开的天线结构辐射方向示意图;
图5是本申请公开的窄波束高增益天线的天线波形示意图;
图6是本申请公开的窄波束低增益天线的天线波形示意图;
图7是本申请公开的一种应用于所述天线结构的赋形方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请公开的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本申请作进一步详细的说明。
参照图1,图1示出了本申请公开的一种天线结构示意图,在图1中:该天线结构100包括呈左右对称设置的第一腔体10和第二腔体20。
其中,第一腔体10和第二腔体20的两端分别安设有端盖30。
在本申请公开的实施例中,第一腔体10内设置有第一天线主体(图中未示出),第一天线主体为窄波束高增益天线或窄波束低增益天线。
具体的,如图2所示为本申请公开的一种天线结构的具体结构示意图,在图2中:
端盖30包括:对应于第一腔体10的上端盖31和下端盖32,以及对应于第二腔体20的上端盖33和下端盖34。
在本申请公开的实施例中,第一腔体10的侧壁11与第二腔体20的侧壁21紧密结合(由于图2为天线结构的拆解示意图,因此,在图2中侧壁未紧密贴合),从而能够有效地弱化隧道内风压对天线的影响。
第一腔体10的背面12与第二腔体20的背面22构成天线结构100的安装面,该安装面为平面结构,用于将天线结构100固定于隧道壁。
第一腔体10的侧面13与第二腔体20的侧面23为流线型曲面,从而有效地提高了天线结构100的抗风压能力,天线结构100在实际应用中受到的风压仅为现有实施例中的天线的0.6倍左右。在本申请公开的实施例中,用户可根据实际需求对流线型曲面的弯曲度进行设置,本申请对此不作限定。
在本申请公开的实施例中,第一腔体10还包括多个安装板14,安装板14用于固定天线主体15,以及将天线结构100固定于隧道壁上。第二腔体20同样包括安装板24以及天线主体25。在本申请公开的一个实施例中,第二腔体20内也可以不包括天线主体。
如图3所示为本申请公开的天线主体15的结构示意图。在图3中:
天线主体15包括:金属板151、以阵列形式设置于金属板正面的多个振子152、以及设置于金属板背面的功分板(图中未示出)和连接功分板与多个振子152的线缆(图中未示出)。在本申请公开的实施例中,如图3中示出多个振子的数量仅为示意性举例,用户可根据实际需求对数量进行设置,但是,多个振子的排列方式需满足下列条件:
1)阵列包括水平方向和垂直方向,该种排布方式能够有效地提升天线结构100的波束合成效果。在本申请公开的实施例中,水平方向与垂直方向的振子数量可以相同也可以不同;
2)水平方向和垂直方向的振子按照预定间隔进行排列,从而减小相互之间的干扰。在本申请公开的实施例中,预定间隔范围为:0.5λ-0.9λ。其中,λ为天线电磁波波长。
继续参照图3,每个阵子152的结构具体包括:
花瓣结构152a,以及设置于花瓣结构152a上的引向片152b。
在本申请公开的实施例中,花瓣结构152a为对称结构,由具有多个开孔的四个金属片组成。四个金属片构成天线的辐射臂,其中,对角的两个辐射臂构成天线的一个极化,从而振子可以分别形成+45°极化和-45°极化两种模式。
在本申请公开的实施例中,引向片152b的形状可以为圆形、方形或多边形等,材料为金属。引向片152b的固定方式采用支撑塑料件。塑料件一端通过金属片的开孔固定在金属片上,另一端固定引向片152b。
如图4所示为天线结构辐射方向示意图,且图4为天线结构100的仰角截面图。在图4中:
第一天线主体15与第二天线主体25的天线辐射方向向外延伸,即,第一天线主体15的辐射方向与第二天线主体25的辐射方向相反,且平行于隧道水平面、隧道壁以及天线结构100的背面。
在本申请公开的实施例中,第一天线主体15可以为窄波束高增益天线或窄波束低增益天线。第二天线主体25可以为窄波束高增益天线或窄波束低增益天线。在本申请公开的实施例中,如图2中示出的第一天线主体15与第二天线主体25的左右设置方向仅为示意性举例。
在本申请公开的实施例中,窄波束高增益天线的天线波形示意图如图5所示,在图5中:
窄波束高增益天线的水平面波瓣宽度为20±3°,垂直面波瓣宽度为20±3°。在其他实施例中,本领域技术人员可根据实际隧道的宽度等因素对天线的波瓣宽度进行调节,使信号覆盖及能量最大化。在本申请公开的实施例中,由于窄波束高增益天线的波形类似于矩形波,因此,可以作为隧道内覆盖天线,覆盖距离可以达到1.6千米。
在本申请公开的实施例中,窄波束低增益天线的天线波形示意图如图6所示,在图6中:
窄波束低增益天线的水平面波瓣宽度为20±3°,垂直面波瓣宽度为65±5°。在其他实施例中,本领域技术人员可根据实际隧道的宽度等因素对天 线的波瓣宽度进行调节,使信号覆盖及能量最大化。在本申请公开的实施例中,窄波束低增益天线可作为隧道的引导天线,即,设置在隧道出入口处,用于与宏站链接。其中,在本申请公开的实施例中,窄波束低增益天线包括内置电下倾角,操作人员可通过调整窄波束低增益天线的内置电下倾角的幅度以控制天线的覆盖范围,进一步达到覆盖的信号及能量达到最大化。
在本申请公开的实施例中,第一天线主体15可以为窄波束高增益天线或窄波束低增益天线,第二天线主体25可以为窄波束高增益天线或窄波束低增益天线,在另一个实施例中,第二腔体内还可以不包括任何天线主体,即,第二腔体为一天线外壳(以下简称天线模型)。
因此,第一天线主体15与第二天线主体25的天线类型组合如表1所示。
Figure PCTCN2017119975-appb-000001
表1
综上所述,本申请公开的天线结构,具有如下优点:
1)设置有流线型外壳,有效地提升了天线结构整体的抗风压能力。
2)天线的信号及能量覆盖距离远,并且,天线波形与隧道形状类似,进而能够使有用覆盖的信号及能量达到最大化。
3)多种天线类型组合使用,操作人员可根据不同隧道场景将不同天线类型进行组合,从而满足实际需求,并且有效地提升了天线安装的灵活性。
4)相较于现有技术实施例中的天线,本申请公开的天线结构能够有效地降低对天线数量的需求,从而降低成本,节约资源。
在本申请公开的实施例中,如上文所述的第一天线主体15和第二天线主体25在组成后,需要经过赋形操作,才能获取到相应的窄波束高增益天线对应的天线波形以及窄波束低增益天线对应的天线波形。
因此,本申请还公开了一种应用于上述天线结构的赋形方法,如图7所示为本申请公开的一种应用于所述天线结构的赋形方法的流程图,方法包括:
步骤701,根据获取到的指定幅度值与指定相位值,调整多个功分板以及线缆,以获取指定输出波形。
此外,在本申请公开的一个可选的实施例中,方法还可以进一步包括:
根据指定输出波形的水平面波瓣宽度与垂直面波瓣宽度对阵列中的水平方向振子进行赋形操作,以获取对应的权重系数以及与水平方向振子对应的第一馈入信号的第一幅度值与第一相位值;
依据权重系数,获取阵列中的垂直方向振子对应的第二馈入信号的第二幅度值与第二相位值;
将第一幅度值与第二幅度值相乘,以获取指定幅度值;
将第一相位值与第二相位值相加,以获取指定相位值。
为了使本领域技术人员更好的理解本申请公开的赋形方法,下面以具体实施例进行详细说明。
在本实施例中,以图3所示的天线主体示意图以及天线主体为窄波束高增益天线为例进行详细阐述。
如上文所述,窄波束高增益天线的波形图如图5所示。操作人员在获取到如图2所示的天线结构后,对天线主体(即本申请公开的第一天线主体和/ 或第二天线主体)进行赋形操作。具体步骤如下:
1)根据窄波束高增益天线的输出波形的水平面波瓣宽度与垂直面波瓣宽度,对天线主体阵列的水平方向的振子进行赋形操作,以获取对应的权重系数以及与水平方向振子对应的第一馈入信号的第一幅度值与第一相位值。
2)将权重系数代入阵列中的垂直方向的振子,从而获取垂直方向振子对应的第二馈入信号的第二幅度值与第二相位值。
3)将第一幅度值与第二幅度值相乘,得出每个振子馈入的激励信号的幅度值。
4)将第一相位值与第二相位值相加,得出每个振子馈入的激励信号的相位值。
5)根据馈入激励信号的幅度值与相位值,调整天线主体背面的馈电网络,馈电网络示意图如图7所示。具体调整方式为:通过调整功分板以实现对激励信号幅度的调整,以及,通过调整线缆的长度以调整激励信号的相位值。将天线主体馈入的激励信号调整到步骤3)和步骤4)中的指定值后,天线主体输出的波形即为如图5所示的波形。
在本申请公开的实施例中,窄波束低增益天线与窄波束高增益天线类似,此处不赘述。
综上所述,本申请公开的赋形方法,通过对本申请公开的天线结构进行赋形,从而能够使天线形成类似于矩形波束形式的辐射电磁波。该种形式的电磁波能够弱化旁瓣干扰,同时提高覆盖区域的波束灵敏度。并且,矩形波束的电磁能力主要集中在波束范围之内,从而能够应用于狭长的隧道等场景下,并实现较长距离的覆盖。
本说明书中的各个实施例均采用递进的方式描述,每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处,各个实施例之间相同相似的部分互相参见即可。
最后,还需要说明的是,在本文中,诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求 或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、商品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、商品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下,由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素,并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、商品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上对本申请所公开的一种天线结构以及应用于该天线结构的赋形方法进行了详细介绍,本文中应用了具体个例对本申请公开的原理及实施方式进行了阐述,以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请公开的方法及其核心思想;同时,对于本领域的一般技术人员,依据本申请公开的思想,在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处,综上所述,本说明书内容不应理解为对本申请公开的限制。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种天线结构,其特征在于,所述天线结构包括呈左右对称设置的第一腔体和第二腔体;
    所述第一腔体和第二腔体的两端分别安设有端盖;
    其中,所述第一腔体内设置有第一天线主体,所述第一天线主体为窄波束高增益天线或窄波束低增益天线。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线结构,其特征在于,所述第一腔体的侧壁与所述第二腔体的侧壁紧密结合。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的天线结构,其特征在于,所述第一腔体的背面与第二腔体的背面构成所述天线结构的安装面,所述安装面为平面结构,用于将所述天线结构固定于隧道壁。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的天线结构,其特征在于,所述第一腔体的侧面与所述第二腔体的侧面为流线型曲面。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的天线结构,其特征在于,所述第二腔体内包括有第二天线主体,所述第二天线主体为窄波束高增益天线或窄波束低增益天线。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的天线结构,其特征在于,所述第一天线主体与所述第二天线按照以下方式进行组合:
    所述第一天线主体为窄波束高增益天线,所述第二天线主体为窄波束高增益天线;
    或者,
    所述第一天线主体为窄波束高增益天线,所述第二天线主体为窄波束低增益天线;
    或者,
    所述第一天线主体为窄波束低增益天线,所述第二天线主体为窄波束高增益天线;
    或者,
    所述第一天线主体为窄波束低增益天线,所述第二天线主体为窄波束低增益天线。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的天线结构,其特征在于,所述第二腔体内不包括任何天线主体。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的天线结构,其特征在于,所述第一天线主体与所述第二天线主体包括:
    金属板;
    多个振子,以阵列形式设置于所述金属板上;
    多个功分板,设置于所述金属板上,并通过线缆连接所述多个振子。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的天线结构,其特征在于,所述多个振子中的每个振子包括花瓣结构,以及设置于所述花瓣结构上的引向片;
    其中,所述花瓣结构为对称结构,并由四个金属片组成。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的天线结构,其特征在于,所述多个振子在水平方向与垂直方向均以预定间隔排列。
  11. 一种应用于权利要求1-10所述的天线结构的赋形方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
    根据获取到的指定幅度值与指定相位值,调整所述多个功分板以及所述线缆,以获取指定输出波形。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法进一步包括:
    根据所述指定输出波形的水平面波瓣宽度与垂直面波瓣宽度对阵列中的水平方向振子进行赋形操作,以获取对应的权重系数以及与所述水平方向振子对应的第一馈入信号的第一幅度值与第一相位值;
    依据所述权重系数,获取所述阵列中的垂直方向振子对应的第二馈入信号的第二幅度值与第二相位值;
    将所述第一幅度值与所述第二幅度值相乘,以获取所述指定幅度值;
    将所述第一相位值与所述第二相位值相加,以获取所述指定相位值。
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CN109888463B (zh) * 2019-03-28 2023-12-05 中天宽带技术有限公司 一种双极化5g基站天线
CN110687533A (zh) * 2019-09-02 2020-01-14 山东大学 一种适用于隧道衬砌质量检测的地质雷达辅助装置及方法
CN112397886A (zh) * 2020-11-06 2021-02-23 康威通信技术股份有限公司 一种窄波束定向天线及其制备方法
CN117254241A (zh) * 2023-10-17 2023-12-19 福建省三联通信有限公司 一种便于维护的高铁隧道天线

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