WO2018127735A1 - Débitmètre électromagnétique et procédé de fonctionnement du débitmètre électromagnétique pour détecter un écoulement de fluides multiphases - Google Patents

Débitmètre électromagnétique et procédé de fonctionnement du débitmètre électromagnétique pour détecter un écoulement de fluides multiphases Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018127735A1
WO2018127735A1 PCT/IB2017/050005 IB2017050005W WO2018127735A1 WO 2018127735 A1 WO2018127735 A1 WO 2018127735A1 IB 2017050005 W IB2017050005 W IB 2017050005W WO 2018127735 A1 WO2018127735 A1 WO 2018127735A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
conduit
flow
electromagnetic flowmeter
potential difference
coil
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2017/050005
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Subhashish Dasgupta
Ravikumar KANDASAMY
Vinay KARIWALA
Philipp Nenninger
Original Assignee
Abb Schweiz Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abb Schweiz Ag filed Critical Abb Schweiz Ag
Priority to PCT/IB2017/050005 priority Critical patent/WO2018127735A1/fr
Publication of WO2018127735A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018127735A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/56—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects
    • G01F1/58—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects by electromagnetic flowmeters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/74—Devices for measuring flow of a fluid or flow of a fluent solid material in suspension in another fluid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/26—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to operating an electromagnetic flowmeter and more particularly to a method for operating an electromagnetic flowmeter for detecting flow of multiphase fluids and the electromagnetic flowmeter thereof.
  • Flow of multiphase fluids is a simultaneous flow of materials with different states or phases (i.e. gas, liquid or solid), or materials with different chemical/physical properties but in the same state or phase (i.e. liquid-liquid systems where the fluids are having stratified flow).
  • Measurement of flow of fluids through a conduit or pipe can be done by numerous ways like using electromagnetic flowmeters. Electromagnetic flow meters are popular flow measurement devices owing to their non-invasiveness and accuracy.
  • a typical electromagnetic flow meter works on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.
  • An electromagnetic field is imposed within a fluid with a certain level of conductivity flowing through a conduit or pipe.
  • Electromotive force (EMF) induced as a result of the interaction of the electromagnetic field with the ions in the fluid, is measured using electrodes provided at the pipe side walls.
  • the measured EMF is proportional to the flowrate and can be used to measure flowrate. While electromagnetic flow meters can be used to measure flowrate with high accuracy, their capability of measuring multiphase flow is limited.
  • one of the methods used is to provide electrodes spanning a substantial portion of the pipe inner circumference, so that the flow meter operates even when the fluid level is low.
  • Another method used is to provide a third electrode at the top of the pipe to detect partial filling of the pipe. In this technique, an alarm can be raised when liquid level drops.
  • electromagnetic flow meter measurement technique is used in combination with other techniques (Electrical impedance tomography, electrical resistance tomography) to measure multiphase flows.
  • a level indicator is used to determine pipe level.
  • provision of a level indicator requires providing openings on the pipe surface, leading to chances of leakage, increasing product footprint and affecting the electromagnetic induction measurement process.
  • the present invention provides a method for operating an electromagnetic flowmeter for detecting a flow of multiphase fluids passing through a conduit, the electromagnetic flowmeter comprising a pair of coils for generating electromagnetic fields that interact with the fluid passing through the conduit, a pair of potential sensing electrodes for measuring potential difference from electromotive forces generated by the interaction of electromagnetic fields in the fluid, wherein the pair of coils are placed opposite to each other on the conduit along a first axis perpendicular to the flow of the fluid passing through the conduit and the pair of potential sensing electrodes are placed opposite to each other on the conduit along a second axis that is perpendicular to the first axis and to the flow of the fluid, the method comprising the steps of: generating an electromagnetic field by an electrical excitation of a first coil from the pair of coils; obtaining a first electric potential difference between the pair of the potential sensing electrodes for the electrical excitation of the first coil; generating an electromagnetic field by an electrical excitation of a second coil from the pair of coils
  • obtaining the first electric potential difference and second electric potential difference includes obtaining sets of values for the first electric potential difference and the second electric potential difference.
  • multiphase flow of fluids include partial flow of fluids in the conduit.
  • the difference between the first electric potential difference and the second electric potential difference corresponds to an extent of filling of the conduit.
  • the extent of filling of the conduit is depicted in terms of percentage of filling.
  • the electrical excitation of the first coil and the electrical excitation of the second coil done alternately is implemented in a fraction of a period of time during detection of the flow of multiphase fluids.
  • the present invention discloses an electromagnetic flowmeter for detecting a flow of multiphase fluids passing through a conduit that performs the steps of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic flowmeter comprises an excitation unit to excite a pair of coils for generating an electromagnetic field that interact with the fluid passing through the conduit, wherein the excitation unit is controlled by a processing device wherein the processing device is used for taking measurements from potential sensing electrodes.
  • the electromagnetic flowmeter mentioned herein above there are even number of coils for generating an electromagnetic field in the electromagnetic flowmeter.
  • the electromagnetic flowmeter comprises a display for indicating the detected multiphase flow.
  • the detected multiphase flow of fluids is transmitted to a remote control centre of the electromagnetic flowmeter for further analysis.
  • Figure 1 illustrates an electromagnetic flowmeter
  • Figure 2 illustrates multiple views of an electromagnetic flowmeter showing a partially filled conduit
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram representation of the functional elements in the electromagnetic flowmeter
  • Figure 4 illustrates views of an electromagnetic flowmeter powered on alternately
  • Figure 5 is a flowchart of the method performed by the electromagnetic flowmeter.
  • the present invention is related to a method of operating an electromagnetic flowmeter for detecting flow of multiphase fluids and the electromagnetic flowmeter thereof.
  • a method of operating an electromagnetic flowmeter is disclosed for detecting multiphase flow of fluid as well as determine the extent of partial filling of the pipe/conduit in a non-invasive and cost-effective manner.
  • the present invention provides an electromagnetic flow meter, which consists of two coils placed at top and bottom of the conduit.
  • the electromagnetic flow meter coils are powered alternately (when top coil is powered the bottom coil is powered off and vice versa). For each coil powered, the EMF is measured and recorded. The difference between the corresponding EMFs measured when the top and bottom coils are individually powered is calculated.
  • Figure 1 illustrates an electromagnetic flowmeter 100.
  • Figure 1 shows an electromagnetic flow meter, which comprises a conduit/pipe 110 through which fluid flows, a pair of coils (a top coil 120 and a bottom coil 130) for generating electromagnetic fields that interact with the fluid passing through the conduit, wherein the pair of coils are placed opposite to each other on the conduit along a first axis perpendicular to the flow of the fluid passing through the conduit and a pair of potential sensing electrodes (140 and 150) for measuring electromotive forces by means of measuring potential difference between the electrodes generated by the interaction of electromagnetic fields in the fluid, the pair of potential sensing electrodes are placed opposite to each other on the conduit along a second axis that is perpendicular to the first axis and to the flow of the fluid,
  • the pair of coils (120 and 130) are placed horizontally parallel to the direction of fluid flow along the conduit 110.
  • the pair of potential sensing electrodes (140 and 150) which are placed across the diameter provide the induced EMF as a result of the difference in potential across the conduit diameter.
  • the induced EMF is proportional to the flowrate and hence is used in measuring flowrate.
  • the electromagnetic field generated by the pair of coils interact with the fluids passing through the conduit wherein the interaction because of different phases and/or fluids depending on fluid electrical/magnetic properties for e.g. conductivity (electric property), permeability (magnetic property) and permittivity (electric property).
  • Figure 2 illustrates multiple views of an electromagnetic flowmeter showing a partially filled conduit i.e. the conduit has two fluid phases that are stratified.
  • Figure 2 shows views 100 and 200 wherein view 100 is the electromagnetic flowmeter of figure 1 with partially filled conduit 210, and view 200 is a cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic flowmeter 100.
  • the views 100 and 200 are placed parallel to each other to indicate the placement of the various functional elements of the electromagnetic flowmeter like the top and bottom coils (120,130), potential sensing electrodes (140,150) and the conduit (110). It may be noted by the person skilled in the art that the placement of the various functional elements of the electromagnetic flowmeter are described in an exemplary manner and any other mode of placing the functional elements may be adopted to attain the objects of this invention.
  • Figure 3 is a block diagram representation of the functional elements in the electromagnetic flowmeter.
  • Figure 3 depicts an electromagnetic flowmeter 300 for detecting and quantifying the flow of multiphase fluids comprising the functional blocks of a processing device 310, an excitation unit 320, potential sensing electrodes 330, top coil 340, bottom coil 359 and a conduit 360 through which multiphase fluids flow.
  • the excitation unit 320 is controlled by the processing device 310 wherein the processing device 310 is used for taking measurements from potential sensing electrodes 330.
  • the top coil 340 and the bottom coil 350 are excited by the excitation unit 320 wherein the power of excitation is controlled by the processing device 310.
  • the excitation unit 320 powers on the top coil 340 and bottom coil 350 in an alternate manner which is controlled by the processing device 310.
  • the potential sensing electrodes 330 measure the induced EMF across the diameter of the conduit 360 alternately and provide the processing device 310 with values of induced EMF measured on each excitation.
  • the difference in induced EMF is determined by the processing device 310 for each excitation of the top coil 340 and the bottom coil 350. If no difference in values of induced EMF is determined by the processing device 310, it is established that the conduit is fully filled. Under a partially filled condition of the conduit 360, the processing device detects an unsymmetrical result or a difference in values of measured induced EMF of the two coils is detected.
  • the processing device can internally calibrate the rate of flow of the fluid corresponding to the induced EMF and results can be displayed or transmitted to a remote control centre for further analysis.
  • the processing device can also provide the extent of filling of the conduit by internally calibrating the relation between the difference in induced EMF corresponding to the extent of filling of the conduit as the difference in induced EMF is proportional to the extent of partial filling (e.g. 90% full or 70% full), and hence is useful in quantification of partial flow.
  • An aspect of the invention provides placing thermal conductivity probes along the conduit circumference. Air has a much lower conductivity than water. Hence, in the event of partial flow, the conductivities registered by the upper probes will be lower than that registered by the lower probes. Hence using thermal conductivity measurements as well partial flow can be detected.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates views 400 of an electromagnetic flowmeter powered on alternately.
  • 400a shows a cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic flowmeter with a powered on top coil 410a and powered off bottom coil 420a.
  • 400b shows a cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic flowmeter with a powered off top coil 410b and powered on bottom coil 420b.
  • the EMF across the conduit is measured by the potential sensing electrodes and recorded. The difference between the EMFs for each coil powered is calculated. Under fully filled conditions the EMF is the same no matter which coil is powered, due to symmetry of the system. Under partially filled condition, symmetry of the process is affected and EMFs are different for each coil powered.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of the method 500 performed by the electromagnetic flowmeter.
  • an electromagnetic field is generated by an electrical excitation of a first coil.
  • a first electric potential difference for the electrical excitation of the first coil is obtained.
  • an electromagnetic field is generated by an electrical excitation of a second coil.
  • a second potential difference value for the electrical excitation of the second coil is obtained. It may be noted that the first coil and the second coil are excited in an alternate manner, and hence the electromagnetic fields generated are occurring one after the other and the values of potential difference are obtained for alternate electromagnetic fields generated for each coil.
  • a flow of multiphase fluids is detected based on a difference between the first potential difference and the second potential difference.
  • a fully filled conduit with one fluid will give a symmetrical result with no difference between the first value of potential difference measured between the electrodes and the second value of potential difference measured between the electrodes
  • a partially filled conduit two phase- one phase of the flowing fluid and another air or filler material
  • the conduit fully filled with two phases of flowing fluids will result in unsymmetrical values of potential difference between the electrodes hence detecting a multiphase flow of fluid in the conduit.
  • a partially filled conduit with two or more phases will also result in unsymmetrical values of potential difference.
  • the level of asymmetry in potential difference measured at the electrodes will vary depending on the property of individual fluids flowing in the conduit as well as the extent of filling of the fluid in the conduit (fully filled or partially filled).
  • Table 1 below shows the powering scheme for different filling conditions of the conduit.
  • Table 1 Powering scheme for different filling conditions of the conduit. [0031] The table shows induced EMF in the flowmeter for the 100% full pipe case and
  • sets of values for potential differences may be obtained for each excitation of the top coil and the bottom coil and then further analysis may be done to detect the multiphase flow of fluids.
  • the potential sensing electrodes can be in the shape of arcs hence spanning a substantial portion of the conduit circumference.
  • a general powering scheme can be adopted, where the top coil is at X amperes and the bottom coil is at X' amperes (ensuring X and X' are not equal).
  • the induced EMF (E) is measured.
  • the top coil is powered at X' amperes and the bottom coil at X amperes.
  • the induced EMF ( ⁇ ') is measured.
  • E and E' should be same under 100% full pipe conditions. However under partially filled conditions E and E' will not be the same and will indicate presence of partial filling. Also the difference will enable quantification of the extent of partial filling.
  • the powering scheme of alternately powering the top and bottom coils can be implemented in a fraction of some period of time during which diagnosis is to be done. For example the customer can be given an option to run the diagnosis for 5 seconds in every 30 seconds of flowmeter operation. During the 5 seconds the alternate coil powering scheme will be activated. During the remaining 25 seconds the electromagnetic flowmeter can run like a general flowmeter as known in the art.
  • the top and bottom coils in addition to powering the top and bottom coils in terms of Amperes unit the top and bottom coils can also be powered using different values in frequencies of the electrical excitation. For example, on a first instance the electrical excitation of the top coil is done with waveforms having frequency f 1 and the bottom coil with frequency f2.
  • the frequencies for powering the top and bottom coils is reversed that is, the top coil is powered with frequency f2 and bottom coil is powered with frequency fl.
  • the top coil is powered with frequency f2
  • bottom coil is powered with frequency fl.
  • the present invention has disclosed a method for operating an electromagnetic flowmeter for a single coil arrangement of the electromagnetic flowmeter.
  • the present invention can be extended to a two coil arrangement as well.
  • the electromagnetic flowmeter can use a two coil arrangement for improving accuracy wherein each set of the two coils are powered on alternately.
  • the two coils in the set are connected in series to each other.
  • the coils are usually hundreds of turns of copper wire and thus offer significant inductance load by its driver circuit.
  • the electromagnetic field alternates its direction within each cycle when the driver circuit changes the direction of the excitation current, which is done by turning on and off different pair of switches on an H-bridge.
  • the alternating frequency is generally an integer fraction multiple of the power- line frequency for noise cancelation.
  • the driver circuit consists of a constant current source and an H-bridge under the control of the processing device. Hence for a two coil arrangement, even number of coils are required to meet the objects of the present invention.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de fonctionnement d'un débitmètre électromagnétique pour détecter un écoulement de fluides multiphases passant à travers un conduit et un débitmètre électromagnétique de celui-ci. Le débitmètre électromagnétique comprend deux bobines servant à générer un champ électromagnétique, des électrodes de détection de potentiel servant à mesurer des valeurs de différence de potentiel entre la paire d'électrodes de détection de potentiel générées par le champ magnétique dans les fluides multiphases, les deux bobines étant placées au-dessus et en-dessous du conduit. Le procédé comprend les étapes consistant à générer des champs magnétiques par l'excitation électrique des deux bobines; à obtenir des valeurs de différence de potentiel entre les électrodes de détection de potentiel pour l'excitation électrique des deux bobines; et à détecter un écoulement multiphase de fluides sur la base d'une différence entre les valeurs de différence de potentiel ainsi obtenues.
PCT/IB2017/050005 2017-01-03 2017-01-03 Débitmètre électromagnétique et procédé de fonctionnement du débitmètre électromagnétique pour détecter un écoulement de fluides multiphases WO2018127735A1 (fr)

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PCT/IB2017/050005 WO2018127735A1 (fr) 2017-01-03 2017-01-03 Débitmètre électromagnétique et procédé de fonctionnement du débitmètre électromagnétique pour détecter un écoulement de fluides multiphases

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PCT/IB2017/050005 WO2018127735A1 (fr) 2017-01-03 2017-01-03 Débitmètre électromagnétique et procédé de fonctionnement du débitmètre électromagnétique pour détecter un écoulement de fluides multiphases

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0547751A2 (fr) * 1991-12-18 1993-06-23 Aichi Tokei Denki Co., Ltd. Débimètre électromagnétique
EP0555493A1 (fr) * 1991-09-03 1993-08-18 Aichi Tokei Denki Co., Ltd. Debimetre electromagnetique pour canalisation d'eau a moitie pleine
US5369999A (en) * 1992-03-04 1994-12-06 Aichi Tokei Denki Co., Ltd. Non-full state detecting apparatus and method
EP0704682A2 (fr) * 1991-09-03 1996-04-03 Aichi Tokei Denki Co., Ltd. Débitmètre électromagnétique pour conduites de liquide partiellement remplies
US20030005778A1 (en) * 2001-07-09 2003-01-09 Thomas Budmiger Method of operating an electromagnetic flowmeter

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0555493A1 (fr) * 1991-09-03 1993-08-18 Aichi Tokei Denki Co., Ltd. Debimetre electromagnetique pour canalisation d'eau a moitie pleine
EP0704682A2 (fr) * 1991-09-03 1996-04-03 Aichi Tokei Denki Co., Ltd. Débitmètre électromagnétique pour conduites de liquide partiellement remplies
EP0547751A2 (fr) * 1991-12-18 1993-06-23 Aichi Tokei Denki Co., Ltd. Débimètre électromagnétique
US5369999A (en) * 1992-03-04 1994-12-06 Aichi Tokei Denki Co., Ltd. Non-full state detecting apparatus and method
US20030005778A1 (en) * 2001-07-09 2003-01-09 Thomas Budmiger Method of operating an electromagnetic flowmeter

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